ED499419.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ED499419.Pdf Proceedings of the 31 st Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education Volume 1 Editors Jeong-Ho Woo, Hee-Chan Lew Kyo-Sik Park, Dong-Yeop Seo The Korea Society of Educational Studies in Mathematics The Republic of Korea The Proceedings are also available on CD-ROM Copyright © 2007 left to the authors All rights reserved ISSN 0771-100X Cover Design: Hyun-Young Kang 1-ii PME31―2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 1 Table ofContents 1iii Introduction 1xxxi Preface m 1-xxxiii Welcome ofChris Breen, PME President 1xxxv International Group forthe Psychology ofMathematics 1xxxvii Education (PME) PME Proceedings ofPrevious Conferences 1xl The Review Process ofPME31 1xliii List ofPME31 Reviewers 1xliv Index ofResearch Reports by Research Domains 1xlvii Index ofPresenting Authors 1li Plenary Lectures Breen, Chris 13 On Humanistic Mathematics Education:A Personal Coming of Age? Otte, Michael 117 Certainty, Explanation and Creativity in Mathematics Sierpinska, Anna 145 I Need the Teacher to Tell Me If I Am Right or Wrong Woo, JeongHo 165 School Mathematics and Cultivation of Mind Plenary Panel Gravemeijer, Koeno 197 Introduction to the PME Plenary Panel, ‘School Mathematics for Humanity Education’ PME31―2007 1iii Frade, Cristina 1-99 Humanizing the Theoretical and the Practical for Mathematics Education Dörfler, Willibald 1-105 Making Mathematics More Mundane - A Semiotic Approach Simon, Martin A. 1-109 Mathematics: A Human Potential Koyama, Masataka 1-115 Need for Humanising Mathematics Education Reseach Forums Rf01 Learning Through Teaching: Development of Teachers’ Knowledge In Practice 1-121 Coordinators: Leikin, Roza & Zazkis, Rina Leikin, Roza & Zazkis, Rina 1-122 A View on the teachers’ Opportunities to Learn Mathematics through Teaching Borba, Marcelo C. 1-128 Integrating Virtual and Face-to-Face Practice: A Model for Continuing Teacher Education Liljedahl, Peter 1-132 Teachers’ Learning Reified: The Professional Growth of Inservice Teachers through Numeracy Task Design Simon, Martin A. 1-137 Constraints on What Teachers Can Learn From Their Practice: Teachers’ Assimilatory Schemes Tzur, Ron 1-142 What and How Might Teachers Learn via Teaching: Contributions to Closing an Unspoken Gap 1-iv PME31―2007 Rf02 Researching Change in Early Career Teachers 1-151 Coordinators: Hannula, Markku S. & Sullivan, Peter Sullivan, Peter 1-151 Introduction Hannula, Markku S. & Liljedahl, Peter & Kaasila, Raimo & Rösken, Bettina 1-153 Researching Relief of Mathematics Anxiety among Pre-service Elementary School Teachers Ling, Lo Mun & Runesson, Ulla 1-157 Teachers’ Learning from Learning Studies: An Example of Teaching and Learning Fractions in Primary Four Goldsmith, Lynn T. & Seago, Nanette 1-162 Tracking Teachers’ Learning in Professional Development Centered on Classroom Artifacts Zaslavsky, Orit & Linchevski, Liora 1-166 Teacher Change in the Context of Addressing Students’ Special Needs in Mathematics Brown, Laurinda & Coles, Alf 1-170 Researching Change in Prospective and Beginning Teachers Hannula, Markku S. 1-174 Summary and Conclusions Discussion Groups DG01 Indigenous Communities and Mathematics Education: Research Issues and Findings 1-183 Coordinators: Baturo, Annette & Lee, Hsiu-Fei DG02 Master Teachers in Different System Contexts 1-184 Coordinators: Li, Yeping & Pang, JeongSuk & Huang, Rongjin Working Sessions WS01 Mathematics and Gender: Discovering New Voices in PME 1-187 Coordinators: Rossi Becker, Joanne & Forgasz, Helen & Lee, KyungHwa & Steinthorsdottir, Olof Bjorg PME31―2007 1-v WS02 Teachers Researching with University Academics 1-188 Coordinators: Novotná, Jarmila & Goos, Merrilyn WS03 Gesture, Multimodality, and Embodiment in Mathematics 1-189 Coordinator: Arzarello, Ferdinando & Hannula, Markku S. WS04 Teaching and Learning Mathematics in Multilingual Classrooms 1-190 Coordinator: Barwell, Richard & Setati, Mamokgethi & Staats, Susan Short Oral Communications Abramovich, Sergei & Cho, Eun Kyeong 1-193 On the Notion of Coherence in Technology-Enabled Problem Posing Arayathamsophon, Rung-Napa & Kongtaln, Pasaad 1-194 The Connection within Mathematical Sequences Performed by Eleventh Grade Students through the Story and Diagram Method Bae, Jong Soo & Park, Do-Yong & Park, Mangoo 1-195 The Retention of Mathematical Concepts in Multiplication in the Inquiry-Based Pantomime Instructions Baek, Jae Meen 1-196 Children’s Justification of Multiplicative Commutativity in Asymmetric Contexts Banerjee, Rakhi & Subramaniam, K. 1-197 Exploring Students’ Reasoning with Algebraic Expressions Barbosa, Jonei Cerqueira 1-198 Mathematical Modelling and Reflexive Discussions Benz, Christiane 1-199 Addition and Subtraction of Numbers up to 100 Borba, Marcelo C. & Malheiros, Ana Paula S. & Santos, Silvana C. 1-200 Virtual Center for Modeling: A Place for Exchange among Researchers and Teachers Burgoyne, Nicky 1-201 An Enactive Inquiry into Mathematics Education: A Case Study of Nine Preservice Primary School Teachers 1-vi PME31―2007 Chang, Hye Won 1-202 Diversity of Problem Solving Methods by High Achieving Elementary Students Cheeseman, Linda 1-203 Does Student Success Motivate Teachers to Sustain Reform-Oriented Pedagogy? Chen, Chuang-Yih & Lin, Boga & Lin, Fou-Lai & Chang, Yu-Ping 1-204 Mathematical Classification Learning Activities for Shapes Recognition - Triangles as an Example Chen, Ing-Er & Lin, Fou-Lai 1-205 Using False Statement as a Starting Point to Foster Conjecturing Cheng, Lu Pien 1-206 A School-Based Professional Development Program for Mathematics Teachers Chernoff, Egan J. 1-207 Probing Representativeness: Switches and Runs Chin, Erh-Tsung & Liu, Chih-Yen & Lai, Pei-Ling 1-208 Promoting Ninth Graders’ Abilities of Intuitive and Associative Thinking in the Problem-Solving Process toward Mathematics Learning Cho, Han Hyuk & Kim, Min Jung & Park, Hyo Chung 1-209 Designing Trace Commands to Connect Euclidean and Analytic Geometry Chung, Jing & Wang, Chun-Kuei 1-210 An Investigation on the Time Misconception of School Children Cranfield, Corvell & Kiewietz, Owen & Eyssen, Hayley 1-211 Mind the Gap: A Case for Increasing Arithmetical Competence in South African Primary Schools Daniels, Karen 1-212 Home School Mathematics Delikanlis, Panagiotis 1-213 Geometry in Meno by Plato: A Contribution for Humanity Education through Problem Solving PME31―2007 1-vii Dindyal, Jaguthsing 1-214 Teaching High School Geometry: Perspectives from Two Teachers Erdogan, Abdulkadir 1-215 A Didactical Analysis to Reconsider the Curriculum and the Situations of Study Frade, Cristina & Tatsis, Konstantinos 1-216 Learning as Changing Participation in Collective Mathematical Discussions Frankcom, Gillian 1-217 Maths Anxiety in Pre-service Primary Student Teachers Fujita, Taro & Yamamoto, Shinya & Miyawaki, Shinichi 1-218 Children’s Activities with Mathematical Substantial Learning Environments Fung, Agnes Tak-Fong & Fung, Chi-Yeung 1-219 Strategies in Learning , Teaching and Assessment in the Domain of “Measures” Gallardo, Aurora & Hernández, Abraham 1-220 Zero and Negativity on the Number Line Gooya, Zahra & Sereshti, Hamideh 1-221 How Could “CAS” Improve Students’ Understanding of Calculus? Haja, Shajahan Begum 1-222 A Study on Decimal Comparison with Two-Tier Testing Han, Seho & Chang, Kyung-Yoon 1-223 Problem Solving with a Computer Algebra System and the Pedagogical Usage of Its Obstacles Hansson, Örjan 1-224 The Significance of Facilitating Feedback of Evoked Concept Images to the Concept Definition: A Case Study Regarding the Concept of Function Hsu, Wei-Min & Chang, Alex 1-225 The Development of Mathematics Teaching Images for Experienced Teachers: An Action Research 1-viii PME31―2007 Hu, Cheng-Te & Tso, Tai-Yih 1-226 Pre-service Teachers Developing Local Conceptual Model from Complex Situations Hung, Pi-Hsia & Chen, Yuan & Lin, Su-Wei & Tseng, Chien-Hsun 1-227 The Elementary School Gifted Students with GSP: Creative Geometry Problem Solving and Knowledge Transferring Process Hunter, Jodie 1-228 What Do Primary School Students Think the Equal Sign Means? Ingelmann, Maria & Bruder, Regina 1-229 Appropriate CAS-Use in Class 7 and 8 Itoh, Shinya 1-230 Reconsidering the Concept of “Mathematisation” in the OECD/PISA Mathematics Framework Jarquín, Iliana López & Móchon, Simón 1-231 Students’ Understanding and Teacher’s Style Ji, EunJeung 1-232 Students’ Attention to Variation in Comparing Graph Jung, Bo Na 1-233 Action Research on Geometry Teaching and Learning by Linking Intuitive Geometry to Formal Geometry in Dynamic Geometry Environment Kaldrimidou, M. & Tzekaki, M. 1-234 Reforming Educational Programs for Future Kindergarten Teachers: Some Considerations Kang, MoonBong & Lee, HwaYoung 1-235 Anaysis on the Case of Utilizing MIC in Korea Kang, Ok-Ki & Noh, Jihwa 1-236 Graduate Students’ Conceptual and Procedural Understanding of Derivative in Korea and the United States Katsap, Ada 1-237 Developing Ethnomathematical Problem Posing Skilfulness in Mathematics Future Teachers PME31―2007 1-ix Kent, Phillip 1-238 Developing Mathematical Learning in the Technology-Enhanced Boundary Crossing of Mathematics and Art KILIÇ, Çiğdem & ÖZDAŞ, Aynur 1-239 Turkish Pre-service Elementary School Teachers’ Solution Strategies in Proportional Reasoning Problems Kim, Gooyoeon 1-240 Teachers’ Implementation of Standards-Based Mathematics Curriculum Kim, NamGyun 1-241 An Analysis of Teachers-Students Interactions of Math Classrooms Using Paper and E-Textbooks Kim, Nam Hee 1-242 The Effects of Mathematics Education Using Technology in Pre-service
Recommended publications
  • Maintaining Spatial Relations in an Incremental Diagrammatic Reasoner
    Maintaining Spatial Relations in an Incremental Diagrammatic Reasoner Ronald W. Ferguson, Joseph L. Bokor, Rudolph L. Mappus IV and Adam Feldman College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology 801 Atlantic Avenue Atlanta, GA 30332 {rwf, jlbokor, cmappus, storm} @cc.gatech.edu Abstract gram. This work extends the GeoRep diagrammatic rea- soner (Ferguson & Forbus, 2000), which is described in Because diagrams are often created incrementally, a qualitative section 3. After describing GeoRep, we discuss how Ge o- diagrammatic reasoning system must dynamically manage a po- Rep was modified to allow incremental processing, and tentially large set of spatial interpretations. This paper describes cover a number of implementation issues: how to handle an architecture for handling spatial relations in an incremental, nonmonotonic diagrammatic reasoning system. The architecture composite objects, the interface between low-level and represents jointly exhaustive and pairwise disjoint (JEPD) spatial high-level reasoning, and a modified default assumption relation sets as nodes in a dependency network. Examples of these mechanism. We also describe extensions to a user interface spatial relation sets are interval relations, relative orientation rela- allowing a user to create diagrams and update the infer- tions, and connectivity relations. The network caches dependen- ences of the reasoner. We then discuss future challenges cies between low-level spatial relations, allowing those relations for this architecture. to be easily assumed or retracted as visual elements are added or removed from a diagram. We also describe how the system sup- ports high-level reasoning, including support for creating default 2. Related Work assumptions. Finally, we show how this system was integrated In qualitative spatial reasoning, researchers have explored with an existing drawing program and discuss its possible use in how to process qualitative spatial vocabularies incremen- diagrammatic and geographic reasoning.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Knowledge Development and Exchange Via Transformative Pictogram Design
    2020 24th International Conference Information Visualisation (IV) Visual Design Thinking for Public Education: Improving knowledge development and exchange via transformative pictogram design 1st Nana Wang 2nd Leah Burns Sichuan University Aalto Univeristy China Finland 0000-0003-3902-7393 leah.burns@aalto.fi Abstract—How might the exchange and development of knowl- edge improve through a critical examination of pictogram- based methods of information visualization? In this article, we investigate the International System of TYpographic Picture Education(ISOTYPE), an influential model of pictorial diagram design theory and practice. Given ISOTYPE’s continuing impact on information design, we use it as a critical case study to assess the potential and limitations of pictorial diagrams(PD) for knowl- edge development and exchange. The goal of this study is not to evaluate artistic quality, style, or designer talent; rather, our focus is on analysis of the learning functions of pictograms and their potential for knowledge transmission and supporting reasoning behaviour among diverse audiences. We explore the different features of a pictogram, and how these features might support knowledge development through diagrammatic reasoning(DR). Three key questions are posed: 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of pictograms for promoting learning and reasoning behaviour versus more abstract or representational visual information design? 2. What are the criteria for choosing the visual characteristics of pictograms? 3. How can the visual characteristics of pictograms be evaluated and revised base on the goal of supporting learning and reasoning behaviour? Index Terms Fig. 1. ISOTYPE, Atlas, Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft,1930, reproduced from —ISOTYPE; Pictorial diagram(PD); Public ed- Osterreichisches¨ Gesellschafts - und Wirtschaftsmuseum ucation; Informal learning; Knowledge visualization(KV); dia- grammatic reasoning(DR) I.
    [Show full text]
  • Knowledge Representation in Bicategories of Relations
    Knowledge Representation in Bicategories of Relations Evan Patterson Department of Statistics, Stanford University Abstract We introduce the relational ontology log, or relational olog, a knowledge representation system based on the category of sets and relations. It is inspired by Spivak and Kent’s olog, a recent categorical framework for knowledge representation. Relational ologs interpolate between ologs and description logic, the dominant formalism for knowledge representation today. In this paper, we investigate relational ologs both for their own sake and to gain insight into the relationship between the algebraic and logical approaches to knowledge representation. On a practical level, we show by example that relational ologs have a friendly and intuitive—yet fully precise—graphical syntax, derived from the string diagrams of monoidal categories. We explain several other useful features of relational ologs not possessed by most description logics, such as a type system and a rich, flexible notion of instance data. In a more theoretical vein, we draw on categorical logic to show how relational ologs can be translated to and from logical theories in a fragment of first-order logic. Although we make extensive use of categorical language, this paper is designed to be self-contained and has considerable expository content. The only prerequisites are knowledge of first-order logic and the rudiments of category theory. 1. Introduction arXiv:1706.00526v2 [cs.AI] 1 Nov 2017 The representation of human knowledge in computable form is among the oldest and most fundamental problems of artificial intelligence. Several recent trends are stimulating continued research in the field of knowledge representation (KR).
    [Show full text]
  • Casio Fx-7000G Manual English
    Casio Fx-7000g Manual English Name: Casio Fx7000g Manual File size: 26 MB Date added: June 10, 2013. Price: Free Operating system: Windows XP/Vista/7/8. Total downloads: 1300 Casio Fx-9700ge User Manual, Cps Rs232 Usb Bridge For Ups Driver, fx-6300G english fx-6800G francais fx-7000G english deutsch fx-700P english deutsch. Thank you for your purchase of the CASlO fx-7000GA. This unit This manual is composed of four sections: Be sure to use batteries specified by Casio. 12. userguides.xyz/pdf/c/Cfx-Help-Manual.pdf 2015-09-04 10:54:00 weekly 0.4 weekly 0.4 userguides.xyz/pdf/c/cxc-english-a-syllabus-study-guide.pdf 0.4 userguides.xyz/pdf/c/Casio-Fx- 7000G-Manual-Download.pdf. Casio FX-7000G. Related Reference Library. Related Articles. Related Images. Advertising · About Us · Contact Us · Privacy Statement · Terms of Service. Owner's manual, instructions book, user's guide, service manual, schematics, illustrated parts Installation Manual · EN DE CASIO fx-7000G User's Guide FR. Casio Fx-7000g Manual English Read/Download difficult love the eiffel tower book casio fx 7000g manual customer program barcode reader work lil new songsmanual uninstall adobe acrobat )narendra. CASIO FX-350. HB. Immediate download. FR CASIO fx-350MS User's Guide FR DE CASIO fx-7000G User's Guide FR CASIO TE-4500F Service Manual FR. Is The Fx-7000g Still Fixable? Put new batteries in and the calc still does not work. Can someone guide me ? (Posted by peninsulamemorial 8 months ago). ible, Casion FX-7000G Calculator, SG-to Printer.
    [Show full text]
  • What's in a Diagram?
    What’s in a Diagram? On the Classification of Symbols, Figures and Diagrams Mikkel Willum Johansen Abstract In this paper I analyze the cognitive function of symbols, figures and diagrams. The analysis shows that although all three representational forms serve to externalize mental content, they do so in radically different ways, and conse- quently they have qualitatively different functions in mathematical cognition. Symbols represent by convention and allow mental computations to be replaced by epistemic actions. Figures and diagrams both serve as material anchors for con- ceptual structures. However, figures do so by having a direct likeness to the objects they represent, whereas diagrams have a metaphorical likeness. Thus, I claim that diagrams can be seen as material anchors for conceptual mappings. This classi- fication of diagrams is of theoretical importance as it sheds light on the functional role played by conceptual mappings in the production of new mathematical knowledge. 1 Introduction After the formalistic ban on figures, a renewed interest in the visual representation used in mathematics has grown during the last few decades (see e.g. [11–13, 24, 27, 28, 31]). It is clear that modern mathematics relies heavily on the use of several different types of representations. Using a rough classification, modern mathe- maticians use: written words, symbols, figures and diagrams. But why do math- ematicians use different representational forms and not only, say, symbols or written words? In this paper I will try to answer this question by analyzing the cognitive function of the different representational forms used in mathematics. Especially, I will focus on the somewhat mysterious category of diagrams and M.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae of Professor Wei-Chi Yang
    Curriculum Vitae of Professor Wei-Chi Yang E-mail:[email protected] URL: http://www.radford.edu/wyang Tel: (O) (540) 953-3901; (H): (540) 953-3901 Fax: (540) 831-6452 EDUCATION 1. Ph.D., Mathematics, University of California, Davis, Degree received: August 1988. Dissertation: The Multidimensional Variational Integral and Its Extensions. Advisor: Professor Emeritus Washek F. Pfeffer of the Mathematics Department. 2. M.A., Mathematics, University of California, Davis, March 1983. 3. B.S., Mathematics, Chung Yuan University, Taiwan, June 1981. CONSULTING 1. Consultant for CASIO computer Ltd. 1/2000-3/2010. 2. Consultant for HP-Australia 7/98-10/99. 3. Consultant for Waterloo Maple Inc., Canada 1997-1998. 4. Visiting Consultant for Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, June 1997- June 1998 5. Consultant for TCI Software Research, U.S.A. 8/95-1/97. 6. Consultant for Waterloo Maple Software, Canada 1992-1994. 7. Consultant for Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 10/95-12/95. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES 1. Founding Editor-in-Chief, the Research Journal of Mathematics and Technology (RJMT: http://rjmt.mathandtech.org) 2. Founder and Editor-in-chief, the Electronic Journal of Mathematics and Technology (eJMT). 3. Founder of the Asian Technology Conference in Mathematics (ATCM) 4. Editorial member of Chinese Journal of Mathematics Education. 5. Member of the International Program Committee of the ICTMT-8 (the 8th International Conference on Technology in Mathematics Teaching), Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, July 1-4, 2007. 6. Chairperson of the International Program Committee of the Asian Technology Conference in Mathematics, ATCM95, ATCM97, ATCM98 and ATCM99. 7. Co-Chair of the International Program Committee of the Asian Technology Conference in Mathematics, ATCM 2000-20010.
    [Show full text]
  • Discipline-Based Education Research: Understanding and Improving Learning in Undergraduate Science and Engineering
    This PDF is available from The National Academies Press at http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=13362 Discipline-Based Education Research: Understanding and Improving Learning in Undergraduate Science and Engineering ISBN Susan R. Singer, Natalie R. Nielsen, and Heidi A. Schweingruber, Editors; 978-0-309-25411-3 Committee on the Status, Contributions, and Future Directions of Discipline-Based Education Research; Board on Science Education; 282 pages Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; National 6 x 9 PAPERBACK (2012) Research Council Visit the National Academies Press online and register for... Instant access to free PDF downloads of titles from the NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL 10% off print titles Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Request reprint permission for this book Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Discipline-Based Education Research: Understanding and Improving Learning in Undergraduate Science and Engineering DISCIPLINE!BASED EDUCATION RESEARCH Understanding and Improving Learning in Undergraduate Science and Engineering Committee on the Status, Contributions, and Future Directions of Discipline-Based Education Research Board on Science Education Division of Behavioral
    [Show full text]
  • When Everything Goes Wrong Make a Diagram Focusing on Visualising Reasoning and Trying to Reclaim the Power of Logical Thinking and Good Argumentation
    https://doi.org/10.25145/b.2COcommunicating.2020.006 34 COmmunicating COmplexity When Everything goes wrong Make a Diagram focusing on visualising reasoning and trying to reclaim the power of logical thinking and good argumentation. It might feel a small action, but diagrams are actually really powerful. Maria Rosaria Digregorio De Montfort University, Leicester Media School, Faculty of Technology, 2 The Power of Diagrams The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom focusing on visualising reasoning and trying to reclaim the power of logical thinking [email protected] and good argumentation. It might feel a small action, but diagrams are actually reallyVisual inferences. In math and geometry, visual configurations are used as proper powerful.inferences to demonstrate the validity of reasoning – for instance in the case of the Pythagoras’s Theorem and the binomial theorem. Despite written words or Abstract. Looking at historical examples, this research explores the power of notations can also be used to visually represent theorems, the diagram is able to diagrams and visual reasoning. It focuses on their ability to make knowledge show at glance the reasons behind the rule (Perondi, 2012). more accessible, train critical thinking and trigger a form of intellectual 2 The Power of Diagrams resistance in a post-truth world; it encourages a deeper integration between diagrams and writing, and the diffusion of information design approaches Visual inferences. In math and geometry, visual configurations are used as proper outside the design realm. inferences to demonstrate the validity of reasoning – for instance in the case of the Keywords: post-truth / diagrammatic reasoning / non-linear writing / visual Pythagoras’s Theorem and the binomial theorem.
    [Show full text]
  • Do We Really Reason About a Picture As the Referent?
    Do We Really Reason about a Picture as the Referent? Atsushi Shimojima1,2 and Takugo Fukaya 1School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1-1 Asahi-dai, Tatsunokuchi, Nomi-gun, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan 2ATR Media Information Science Laboratories 2-2-2 Hikari-dai, Keihanna Science City, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan [email protected] [email protected] Abstract the previous case, however, the hypothesized operation is not an operation on the hinge picture, but an operation A significant portion of the previous accounts of infer- on the physical hinge the picture depicts. You may refer ential utilities of graphical representations (e.g., Sloman, 1971; Larkin & Simon, 1987) implicitly relies on the exis- back to the hinge picture now and then, but what your in- tence of what may be called inferences through hypothet- ference is about is the movement of the upper leg of the ical drawing. However, conclusive detections of them by hinge, not the movement of the upper line of the hinge means of standard performance measures have turned out picture. You are reasoning about the picture’s referent, to be difficult (Schwartz, 1995). This paper attempts to fill rather than the picture itself. the gap and provide positive evidence to their existence on the basis of eye-tracking data of subjects who worked Well, the concept of “reasoning about the picture it- with external diagrams in transitive inferential tasks. self” is thus clear, but is it real? Are we really engaged in that type of inferences in some cases? If so, how do Schwartz (1995) cites an intriguing example to dis- we tell when we are? tinguish what he calls “reasoning about a picture as the Schwartz (1995) himself assumed the existence of that referent” from “reasoning about the picture’s referent.” type of inferences, and went on to investigate what fea- Suppose you are given the picture of a hinge in Figure tures of pictorial representations encourage it.
    [Show full text]
  • Visualization for Constructing and Sharing Geo-Scientific Concepts
    Colloquium Visualization for constructing and sharing geo-scientific concepts Alan M. MacEachren*, Mark Gahegan, and William Pike GeoVISTA Center, Department of Geography, Pennsylvania State University, 302 Walker, University Park, PA 16802 Representations of scientific knowledge must reflect the dynamic their instantiation in data. These visual representations can nature of knowledge construction and the evolving networks of provide insight into the similarities and differences among relations between scientific concepts. In this article, we describe scientific concepts held by a community of researchers. More- initial work toward dynamic, visual methods and tools that sup- over, visualization can serve as a vehicle through which groups port the construction, communication, revision, and application of of researchers share and refine concepts and even negotiate scientific knowledge. Specifically, we focus on tools to capture and common conceptualizations. Our approach integrates geovisu- explore the concepts that underlie collaborative science activities, alization for data exploration and hypothesis generation, col- with examples drawn from the domain of human–environment laborative tools that facilitate structured discourse among re- interaction. These tools help individual researchers describe the searchers, and electronic notebooks that store records of process of knowledge construction while enabling teams of col- individual and group investigation. By detecting and displaying laborators to synthesize common concepts. Our visualization ap- similarity and structure in the data, methods, perspectives, and proach links geographic visualization techniques with concept- analysis procedures used by scientists, we are able to synthesize mapping tools and allows the knowledge structures that result to visual depictions of the core concepts involved in a domain at be shared through a Web portal that helps scientists work collec- several levels of abstraction.
    [Show full text]
  • Casio FX, CFX PDF - Télécharger, Lire
    Casio FX, CFX PDF - Télécharger, Lire TÉLÉCHARGER LIRE ENGLISH VERSION DOWNLOAD READ Description Découvrez le prêt-à-programmer ! Dans ce livre, qui fait déjà figure de classique, de très nombreux petits programmes d'usage quotidien vous sont livrés prêts à l'emploi. Idéale pour le lycéen, cette "compilation " couvre les domaines suivants : * mathématiques (algèbre, arithmétique, géométrie, analytique, étude de fonctions, probabilités, calculs de surface, etc.), * physique (mécanique, dynamique, champs magnétiques, induction, oscillations électriques, physique atomique et nucléaire, etc.), * mathématiques financières et de gestion (crédit, taux, intérêts, etc.), * graphisme (de la simple animation graphique au logiciel de création en mode point), * et bien sûr, des jeux... Bref, vous avez en main la plus importante bibliothèque de programmes pour Casio f x/CFX ! Signification. Indique des informations qui ne concernent pas la fx-9750G PLUS. Vous pouvez ignorer les informations marquées de ce symbole. CFX. Symbole. frais d'expédition au service après-vente CASIO. De plus, pour que la prise en charge sous garantie soit acceptée, la calculatrice devra être accompagnée du. CFX-9960GC CFX-9960GT CFX-9990GT. GRAPH 20. GRAPH 25. GRAPH 25+. GRAPH 25+Pro GRAPH 30. GRAPH 35. GRAPH 35+. Casio Graph 35+ Les liens ci-dessous dirigent vers les sites des constructeurs Casio et Texas Instruments. Calculatrices scientifiques . fx-92 Collège 2D+ . cfx-9850GB Plus · fx-. Retrouvez toutes les fonctions de programmation de votre calculatrice Casio . fx 6900 G; fx 8930 GT (sous réserve); CFX 9850 GT; CFX 9930 GT; CFX 9940 GT. Découvrez l'offre Casio FA124 - Kit de connexion calculatrice / PC pas cher sur . PLUS/9970G, CFX-9850GB PLUS/9950GB PLUS/9850GC PLUS, FX 1.0/1.0.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mystery of Deduction and Diagrammatic Aspects of Representation
    Rev.Phil.Psych. (2015) 6:49–67 DOI 10.1007/s13164-014-0212-5 The Mystery of Deduction and Diagrammatic Aspects of Representation Sun-Joo Shin Published online: 20 January 2015 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015 Abstract Deduction is decisive but nonetheless mysterious, as I argue in the intro- duction. I identify the mystery of deduction as surprise-effect and demonstration- difficulty. The first section delves into how the mystery of deduction is connected with the representation of information and lays the groundwork for our further discussions of various kinds of representation. The second and third sections, respec- tively, present a case study for the comparison between symbolic and diagrammatic representation systems in terms of how two aspects of the mystery of deduction – surprise-effect and demonstration-difficulty – are handled. The fourth section illustrates several well-known examples to show how diagrammatic representation suggests more clues to the mystery of deduction than symbolic representation and suggests some conjectures and further work. When we have a choice to get from given premises to a conclusion either by deduc- tion or by induction, the choice is obvious: deduction is the way to go. With a correctly carried out deduction, the truth of the conclusion is guaranteed by the truth of the premises. Hence, after accepting premises to be true and checking each deduc- tive step, we embrace the truth of the conclusion. It is one sure way to secure the certainty of the truth of a proposition. This is the strength of deduction. Hence, math- ematics, the discipline where deduction plays a crucial role, has enjoyed its special status in the world of knowledge.
    [Show full text]