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Isi Kandungan 1 ISI KANDUNGAN BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN Pengenalan Sistem Demokrasi Berparlimen Malaysia Kebebasan dan Autonomi Institusi Parlimen Pemisahan Parlimen dan Badan Eksekutif Autonomi Kewangan Institusi Parlimen Kesimpulan BAB 2 JAWATAN SETIAUSAHA DEWAN DI SISI PERLEMBAGAAN Pengenalan Sejarah Jawatan Setiausaha di awal Penubuhan Badan Perundangan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu Kedudukan Setiausaha Dewan Negara dan Dewan Rakyat di sisi Perlembagaan Persekutuan Isu Pertukaran Setiausaha Dewan Negara dan Setiausaha Dewan Rakyat Kesimpulan BAB 3 UNDANG-UNDANG PERKHIDMATAN PARLIMEN DI MALAYSIA Pengenalan: Undang-undang Perkhidmatan Parlimen sebelum Pemansuhan Cadangan Undang-Undang Perkhidmatan Parlimen di Era Transformasi Parlimen Perkhidmatan Parlimen di Malaysia pada Masa Kini Analisis dan Kesimpulan BAB 4 PERBINCANGAN BERHUBUNG UNDANG-UNDANG PERKHIDMATAN PARLIMEN DI BEBERAPA BUAH NEGARA Pengenalan Elemen-elemen Perbandingan: Kuasa Autonomi Pentadbiran dan Kewangan di Australia, New Zealand, Kanada dan United Kingdom Ulasan berkaitan Perbandingan Undang-Undang Perkhidmatan Parlimen Kesimpulan BAB 5 ANALISIS UNDANG-UNDANG PERKHIDMATAN PARLIMEN: MODEL BAHARU MALAYSIA Pengenalan Cadangan untuk Penambahbaikan 2 • Punca Kuasa Undang-undang Perkhidmatan Parlimen di bawah Perlembagaan Persekutuan • Kedudukan Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Parlimen • Jawatan Ketua Pentadbir Parlimen • Pemisahan Perkhidmatan Parlimen bukan sebagai badan eksekutif secara terang dan jelas • Sumber Manusia dan Kakitangan Perkhidmatan Parlimen • Penubuhan Jawatankuasa Pilihan Khas bagi membantu Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Parlimen • Urusan Kewangan Institusi Parlimen • Sistem Saraan Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Parlimen • Nilai-Nilai Perkhidmatan Parlimen • Ketelusan dan Tata Kelola yang baik Hal-Hal Lain • Kakitangan Ahli Parlimen • Perkhidmatan Bersama Kesimpulan Lampiran I: Parliamentary Service Commission Bill Lampiran Ii: Parliamentary Service Act 1963 RUJUKAN 3 BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN Pengenalan Legislatif atau badan perundangan merupakan salah satu cabang kerajaan selain daripada badan eksekutif dan badan kehakiman. Teori Pengasingan Kuasa yang dipopularkan oleh Montesquieu menghendaki ketiga-tiga badan kerajaan ini supaya bebas daripada campur tangan antara satu sama lain. Ketiga-tiga cabang kerajaan ini mempunyai fungsi tersendiri; legislatif berfungsi untuk membuat undang-undang, eksekutif melaksanakan undang-undang dan badan kehakiman berfungsi untuk mentafsir undang-undang dan menjalankan keadilan. Selain daripada membuat undang-undang, Parlimen juga berperanan sebagai mekanisme semak dan imbang dengan mengimbangi dan memeriksa tindakan badan eksekutif. Laporan CPA The Administration and Financing of Parliament menyebutkan kebebasan Parlimen dalam menjalankan tanggungjawab dengan baik boleh dilihat daripada kebolehannya mengawal sumbernya. Penilaian sebegini boleh dilihat sesebuah Parlimen itu telah ditadbir dengan efektif.1 Bagi mencapai kebebasan institusi Parlimen, pelbagai mekanisme perundangan sama ada melalui perlembagaan bertulis, undang-undang atau melalui amalan dan tatacara di dalam Dewan boleh dilaksanakan.2 Dengan mekanisme perundangan, undang-undang Perkhidmatan Parlimen yang mengurus tadbir hal pentadbiran dan kewangan secara terang dan jelas boleh menyokong kebebasan sesebuah institusi Parlimen. Akta Perkhidmatan Parlimen (PSA) merupakan salah satu alat undang-undang yang dicedok daripada kalangan negara yang mempunyai kebebasan Parlimen yang sering 1 CPA (Commonwealth Parliamentary Association). (2005). The Administration and Financing of Parliament. Report of a CPA study group hosted by the Legislature of Zanzibar, Tanzania. Muka surat 25. 2 CPA (Commonwealth Parliamentary Association). (2005). The Administration and Financing of Parliament. Report of a CPA study group hosted by the Legislature of Zanzibar, Tanzania. Muka surat 25. 4 digunakan untuk mengkanunkan ciri-ciri utama, prinsip, mandat, komposisi, kakitangan dan isu belanjawan, pentadbiran parlimen dan bagaimana mereka di tadbir urus.3 Kebanyakan negara mengiktiraf prinsip autonomi Parlimen secara rasmi melalui peruntukan dalam Perlembagaan. Pengiktirafan prinsip autonomi Parlimen boleh dilihat sama ada dalam satu peruntukan atau beberapa peruntukan lain yang secara jelas mengkanunkan autonomi pengasingan kuasa. Malah pengasingan kuasa khususnya daripada badan Eksekutif kebiasaannya menjadi asas autonomi badan perundangan. Hal ini dapat dilihat daripada negara-negara seperti Australia, Kanada, New Zealand, India dan sebagainya. Dengan pengiktirafan prinsip asas autonomi yang jelas ini juga menjadi manifestasi penting undang-undang Perkhidmatan Parlimen dikanunkan di bawah Perlembagaan.4 Antara undang-undang Perkhidmatan Parlimen yang dikanunkan ialah New Zealand Parliamentary Service Act 2000, House of Commons Administration Act 1978, Parliamentary Service Act 1999, Australia and Lok Sabha Secretariat (Recruitment & Conditions of Service) Rules 1955. Malaysia pernah mempunyai undang-undang perkhidmatan Parlimen yang dikenali sebagai Akta Perkhidmatan Parlimen 1963 yang menjadi punca kuasa bagi Perkhidmatan Parlimen. Malah ia ada diperuntukkan di bawah Perlembagaan Persekutuan di Malaysia. Walau bagaimanapun, selepas 30 tahun ia diguna pakai, undang-undang Perkhidmatan Parlimen ini telah dimansuhkan pada tahun 1992.5 Selepas tahun 2000, usaha mengembalikan undang-undang Perkhidmatan Parlimen dipergiatkan oleh pelbagai pihak sama ada daripada kalangan ahli-ahli Parlimen, masyarakat sivil dan rakyat perseorangan. Lanjutan daripada itu, terdapat sekurang- kurangnya tiga draf rang undang-undang berasingan telah disediakan kepada kerajaan. 3 Inter-Parliamentary Union. Comparative Research Paper on Parliamentary Administration, (2020). Geneva. Muka surat 3. 4 Michel Couderc, 1998, ‘The Administrative and Financial Autonomy of Parliamentary Assemblies’, Laporan diterima di Moscow, muka surat 1. 5 Michel Couderc, 1998, ‘The Administrative and Financial Autonomy of Parliamentary Assemblies’, Laporan diterima di Moscow, muka surat 1. 5 Pertama, pada tahun 2011 apabila YB Dato Seri Dr. Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar mengetuai Jawatankuasa Kajian Pembaharuan Undang-undang di Parlimen bagi melihat dan menambah baik beberapa Akta berhubung dengan institusi Parlimen Malaysia termasuk RUU Perkhidmatan Parlimen.6 Kedua, pada hujung tahun 2016, di bawah Pelan Transformasi Parlimen Fasa Kedua di bawah YB Tan Sri Dato Seri Panglima Pandikar Amin Haji Mulia, Speaker Dewan Rakyat ketika itu. Kerajaan telah bersetuju membentangkan Penyata Jawatankuasa Dewan Rakyat di mana usul untuk menghidupkan Akta Perkhidmatan Parlimen sepertimana sebelum tahun 1992 telah dipersetujui di dalam Dewan Rakyat7 dan ketiga, draf RUU Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Parlimen telah dihantar ke Jabatan Peguam Negara pada tahun 2020.8 Justeru, kertas ini bertujuan untuk melihat aspek penting dalam undang-undang Perkhidmatan Parlimen dalam kalangan negara Komanwel dan mencadangkan undang-undang Perkhidmatan Parlimen yang menepati piawaian antarabangsa dengan mengambil kira pelbagai aspek penting termasuk perbandingan dengan beberapa undang-undang Perkhidmatan Parlimen di negara lain termasuk United Kingdom, Australia, Kanada, New Zealand dan sebagainya, disamping melihat isu-isu berkisar undang-undang Perkhidmatan Parlimen di Malaysia. Aspek pertama yang dilihat adalah mengenai kebebasan dan autonomi institusi Parlimen. Sistem Demokrasi Berparlimen di Malaysia Malaysia adalah sebuah negara yang mengamalkan pemerintahan Raja Berperlembagaan, sistem demokrasi berparlimen ala Westminster dan sistem Persekutuan. Perlembagaan Persekutuan merupakan undang-undang tertinggi negara 6 Jaafar, J. T. (2010). Evolusi Parlimen Dan Evolusi Speaker Parlimen Malaysia. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Muka surat 359 – 360. 7 Penyata Jawatankuasa Dewan D.R. 6 Tahun 2016, Parlimen Malaysia dibentangkan oleh Yang Berhormat Tan Sri Datuk Seri Panglima Pandikar Amin Haji Mulia, Yang di-Pertua Dewan Rakyat. 8 Draf RUU Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Parlimen telah siap, Malaysiakini, https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/552309 (Tarikh Akses: 13 Ogos 2021) 6 dan pengasingan kuasa antara cabang-cabang kerajaan iaitu Parlimen, badan eksekutif dan badan kehakiman dijelaskan di dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan. Persidangan Parlimen pertama secara rasmi bermula pada 11 September 1959. Namun sejarah badan perundangan telah wujud sejak zaman penjajahan British. Pada tahun 1909, British telah menubuhkan Federal Council bagi menyelaraskan urusan pentadbiran dan undang-undang dalam kalangan Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu. Sejak itu, Majlis Persekutuan mengalami beberapa perubahan sehingga negara mencapai kemerdekaan pada tahun 1957. Semasa negara mencapai kemerdekaan, Persekutuan Tanah Melayu masih menggunapakai kerangka lama Majlis Perundangan Persekutuan. Hanya selepas Pilihan Raya Umum Parlimen Pertama pada tahun 1959, barulah Parlimen mula bersidang secara rasmi di kedua-dua Dewan, iaitu Dewan Negara dan Dewan Rakyat. Perkara 44, Perlembagaan Persekutuan menyebut bahawa Parlimen Malaysia terdiri daripada Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Dewan Negara dan Dewan Rakyat. Yang di-Pertuan Agong mempunyai kuasa memanggil, memprorog dan membubarkan Parlimen di bawah Perkara 55, Perlembagaan Persekutuan. Bagi sebuah negara yang mencedok sistem Raja Berperlembagaan, Baginda akan menyampaikan Titah Diraja pada hari pertama Pembukaan Parlimen. Baginda juga mempunyai kuasa melantik Perdana Menteri yang pada hemat Baginda mungkin mendapat kepercayaan majoriti ahli Dewan Rakyat di Parlimen. Dewan Negara merupakan Dewan Atasan yang
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