March, 1946 $3 Per Year

MARCH,$3 PER 1946YEAR

.WMIT: ATOP CLINGMAN'S PEAK, N. C. FACSIMILE:APPLICANTS WHAT FOR IT NEW CAN FM DO BROADCASTING NOW by liohn V. STATIONS L. Hogan federals an111111111mN111111=1111111111111111111

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Federal Telephoneand Rao'OrPOral1011 Export Distribut Internation tandard Elect-ic Corporation Newark 1, N. 1. IN OR ATION STATION NEW YORK WI

3 THE IN OR AT STATION NEW YORKVlf YO THE IN OR ATION STATION NEW YORK YOR THE IN OR ATION STATION NEW YORK A YORK THE IN OR TION STATION NEW YOR EW YOR THE IN 0 TION STATION NEW YO 4EW YOR E IN 0 TION STATION NEW Ys NEW YOR HE IN ORre-T1ON STATION NEW 4 NEW YOR THE IN 0 ION STATION NEW /N NEW YOR THE IN 0 TION STATION NE% ON NEW YORK THE IN TION STATION NE rION NEW YOR THE TION STATION N kTION NEW YORK THE HON STATION TATION NEW YOR THE I TION STATION STATION NEW YOR THE:I ATION STATIO STATION NEW YORK THE IN OR ATION Pi STATION NEW YORK THE IN OR ATION ST :$N STATION NEW YORK THE IN OR ATIONS ION STATION NEWYOR HE IN OP AT TION STATION NEW YOR HE IN OR ATION ATION STATION NEW YOR HE IN OR ATION MATION STATION NEW YOR THEIN. tMATION STATION NEW YOR RMATION STATION NEW YO ORMATIO YORK THE IN 0 FORMAT' YORK THE IN 0 N THE IN

Owned and Operated hy Metropolitan Television Inc. 654 Madison Ave., N.Y. New Blood and Old ...An Opportunity THERE'S a certain smugness, an THE JOURNAL OF FREQUENCY inertia toward change, that may account for the fact that, though MODULATION the FM allocations permit of several thousand new stations, some- VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2 MARCH, 1946 what lessthan 800 applications have been filed thus far. Only a little more than half of the existing Features 1,000 AM broadcasters have applied FACSIMILE: WHAT IT CAN DO NOW-by John V. L. Hogan 5 for FM. Around 30% of the appli- A status report and prospectus for FM broadcasters cants are newcomers to radio. This, despite the vast amount of publicity FM has received, the en- A NEW SLIDERULE FOR FM RATES-by Capt. P. K. Leberman 8 thusiasmithasevoked among A plan to base radio rates on listenership those already operating FM stations,thefaith expressed inits THE COMMUNITY FM STATION-by Ewell K. Jett 10 future by radio's business as well as An FCC commissioner cites its business advantages engineering authorities, the eagerness of manufacturers to promote APPRAISING FM's ADVERTISING POTENTIAL-by John Southwell 14 the sale of FM combinations. An advertising man evaluates this new medium This, too, despite the fact that the 800 applicants have indicated THE COBRA TONE ARM 20 that they are ready to invest up- Zenith's innovation for greater record fidelity wards of $40,000,000 in FM. FCCofficials,whoseoriginal WMIT: A STATION PROFILE-by George M. Hakim 22 thought was to encourage existing A case history of one of FM's pioneer stations broadcasterstodevelop FM because of their technical and pro- APPLICANTS FOR NEW FM STATIONS 33 gramknow-how,confessthem- Complete list of prospective FMers selves puzzled by the slow pace of FM applications. To a man they say FM will eventually displace at Departments least the regionals and locals; yet theanomoly is thatforemost

EDITORIAL 2 PICTORIAL 32 among the FM proponents are the clear channel operators who have WASHINGTON 17 OPINION 48 least to fear from FM. Very few of

MODULATIONS 26 CARTOON by Steinitz . . . 48 these have failed to apply for FMs. Now we find official Washington inclined to encourage if not favor Offices:Editorial, advertising and executive, 103 Park Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. newcomers to the radio field, news-

Publication, Lebanon, Pa. Washington, D. C., TV -FM Bldg., 1519 Connecticut Ave., N.W. papers or otherwise; and especially to encourage veterans to start their Executive:Martin Codel, president and publisher; Edward Codel, vice president; Norman R. Glenn, executive director.Editorial:George M. Hakim, managing editor; Patricia own new businesses of FM broad- Murray, associate editor; Earl Abrams, Washington; Robert S. Lathrop, art director. casting. That is as it should be, for Advertising: Edward Codel, director; Harold Becker, assistant to director; John Iraci, the infusion of new blood into the sales; Robert Irving, production; M. Hadad, auditing.Circulation:Roland Ball, manager. industry can have nothing but a salutary effect over the long haul. There's no doubt that FM will boom once sets capable of tuning ON THE COVER:On Clingman's Peak, in the rugged in its superior signals start moving Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina, 6,571feet into the home. Meanwhile, a lot of above sea level, stands the transmitter installation of Gordon Gray's FM station, WMIT, the site for which existing broadcasters may miss the was literally blasted out of the side of the mountain. boat or else find the choice berths Withits foundation anchored insolid bedrock, the already occupied by strangers when mastofthestation'sthree -bayturnstileantenna they do decide to book passage. towers 200 feet above adjacent Mt. Mitchell, highest point east of the Mississippi. (See Profile on page 22.1

THE JOURNAL OF FREQUENCY MODULATION is published monthly by Telecasting Publications, Inc., with publication office at Lebanon, Pa., U.S.A., and editorial, advertising and executive office at 103 Park Ave., New York 17. Subscription price, $3.00 a year; Canada, $3.50; foreign, $5.00. Entry as second class matter at the Post Office at Lebanon, Pa., under Act of March 3,1879, applied for.

2 FM JOURNAL "LOTTA FOLKS InWORK LIVEFM its still theAND HERE"listener that counts. RichestaudiencesWHNFis withMarket. in 20,000 America's watts Biggest at 99.3mc. andlocated just right to capture 20,000 WATTS, NEW YORK 99.3mc. -Channel No. 257 WHNFMGM PICTURES AND LOEW'S THEATRES AFFILIATED WITH WHN In Baltimore MV T\\ H operates the only FM station in this 6th largest city W3XMB It's another first for the successful independent

TOM TINSLEY, Represented Nationally by President Headley -Reed

4 FM JOURNAL MARCH, 1946

FACSIMILE WHAT IT CAN DO NOW By JOHN V. L. HOGAN

RELATIVELY few people under- unfortunate. Most of the public has stand the possibilities of a com- heard it only in the phrase "a reason- mercial facsimile broadcasting service, able facsimile thereof," which means for facsimile has been a "sleeper" dur- that you don't have to send in the box ing the war. Of course, during pre- top, but just make a copy of it. Before war days, there were some fairly ex- commercial home broadcast facsimile tensive efforts to explore the broadcast becomes the industry it is destined to applications of a "magic typewriter" be, many people will have to learn or ''home printing press." Those ex- that this new service and advertising periments, under the normal condi- medium has little to do with box tops. accomplished tionsofbroadcasting, A Fair Appraisal the very useful purpose of establishing service requirements that would have What can facsimile do that cannot to be met before facsimile could be be done by any other facility? That integrated into broadcasting. question must be answered before the One may well ask: "What place does potential value of facsimile in broad- facsimile have in broadcasting today?" casting can be appraised. The answer The easy answer, and the one which isnotdifficult.First,ascontrasted most broadcasters would giveafter against AM or FM aural broadcasting HOME INSTALLATION of a pre-war fac- looking over the FCC's insignificant of speech or music, facsimile can de- simile receiver suitable for use with FM or AM. list of stations now licensed to trans- liver printed words and pictures to mit experimental facsimile tests, would the home. It can leave a record of with television. Television can deliver be: "None." That answer might be words or pictures that can be looked the moving scene which appears be- correct as of today, but if the question at, at any time, for the facsimile user fore its camera,but it makes no record. were modified to ask "What place will need not be looking at or listening to Facsimile cannot show motion, for it facsimile have in FM broadcasting?" his radio at the time the recordis isa printing device. Television has the an accurate reply would be very differ- made. Educators, entertainers and ad- advantage when motion is important, ent. It would take account of what vertisers have long been hunting for but since it leaves no record, it cannot facsimile has done during the war, and a broadcasting service that would offer be of service except at the time that of what it can now do. these two features. the programs are being transmitted. Of course, the word "facsimile" is Second,letus compare facsimile Finally, how does facsimile broad -

POINTING to the great mass of individuals who are generally fa- argument for a favorable review of this new medium at the present miliar with broadcasting, but who know relatively little about what time. No more authoritative spokesman can be found to tell the over- facsimile broadcasting can do now, John Vincent Lawless Hogan, in, all story of facsimile and broadcasting than Jack Hogan. From his this article, discusses the developmental phases and practical poten- original coherer type receiving set, which he built in 1902, his experi- tialities of an industry which he says is ready to go. Facsimile, he is ments have led to his development of some 100 new methods and convinced, is today a realistic, practical phenomenon-ready to do a devices for the improvement of radio and facsimile transmission and job for both the FM broadcaster and advertiser. The author emphasizes reception, and, later, to the building of WQXR. The author is currently that facsimile has passed the embryonic stage and is now prepared president of three organizations: Interstate Broadcasting Co., Inc. to enter the competitive media swim. In a forthright analysis, the (WQXR-WQXQ); Radio Inventions, Inc.; Faximile, Inc. During the war, relatively low cost of facsimile transmission is cited as the outstanding he worked with the Office of Scientific Research and Development.

MARCH, 1 9 4 6 5 "On

2 A. N. EDMON "All the News EWT) That's Fit to Print" Transmitted by the New tiark Aserecialml Press 1Tireyrbsee

VOL XCIV ....No.31.Mb. NEW YORE. THURSDAY. MAY 3,1945. DISTRIBUTED IN SAN FRANCISCO BERLIN FALLS TO RUSSIANS, 70,000 GIVE UP; 1,000,000 SURRENDER IN ITALY AND A USTRIA; DENMARK CUT OFF; HITLER CALLED SUICIDE

1 -- - ' - Trninan iC a's Wile SailEpic SIEGE BIG THREE RESUME REDOES ISOLATED Goebbels and Fuehrer Died WAR IN nix ENDS Petai OVER With U.U.S.SDeleontactgates ToHave AidedFoe

ie ram mos By Own Hands, Aide Says POO ISSUE TAILS, SAN FRANCISCO. Wry Preethret Thema iaferryingGerman lines Are Split Last Enemy Force Gives,'';;R: ,Nazism's Capital Won nut the tal-mrasen approach to- Suicide Regarded as More in Character - ARE 5111 HOPEFULward the Unt. Nations confer- Wide Open in North Up Just 20 Months .Hire al b'ee"n 7hTrin.21'.7111:'irT:1). After 12 Grim Days of ence end M. Mee in conetant Truman Announces He Believes Hitler Is game Deenemy Centart wIth both Seem., of and South Alter Landings IMt she had Street Fighting Participants Note Some tro-State &Mardi RStettlera. Jr Dead, Citing the Best Authority Possible and Sees. Arthur liVanthen . prim ement in Atmosphere Mg, Republican.oflitithlien. however, that Dime who END IS VERY NEAR el the Discussions during the MN few slam LONDON, Thursday. May I A thst he had di. Inbattle endDEFEAT IS COMPLETE en ad me not withamt2 BALTIC PORTS FALL Mr Triune. iseach to have depcoltianbylime.GoebbelsthatIse had mccumtunt to ran, Inn.. or. her host:end and ben 51ne0ns Inhis probe of drat a....l that both the Gerbrahemorrhage thatea... pnuucaclime. -- thir tenth a Secretary Stettin. men propaganda chief and AMP Sue ode a/rowel more in cher. mecassively mug. to enlist h. NO CHANGE IN ARGUMENTS Surrender Imminent in and to have cape... comrt HID. ad commit. WeideInterfor Go -Mete whom brilliantUnconditional Surrender A Junction With British dente la the poncho permed by Bert. ma ;nen to the world lo-rand war a. twin. ashisrob Petain hu not yet Morn his our d.egatee here Netherlands -Britishaf by Rod Army formseftrffontAdminintrelor for Ow Mew.Opens 'Back Door' to Woeneys The 004.040 55411.1 Is Near as Rostock and hint Policy on Amending Oaks Oar leveret orrairan. helea they had a -coped the capital ofofBerlinirewell Milliner of Wm ralmfy being tairen nes tehphoned of written to mem- Capture Luebeck Ow crumbling Retch Enlightenment and Propagenda he ertheteesII le nine*.d that the Program Is Sought by hem of the delemtioeeying Hans Frith. Goebtele deprity.had mmenced that N 010010 re- German Bastion 00411 prosorvlion althee will Warnemuende Yield 4 Sponsor Nations that he Molly appro.. their wm mot. IntheSovietcornmain InBerlinndkill Hine. former PremierPitiol ReNnud work asd.inaceralance with fly DEM IgIBILLETON muniqud ars having report. alairatherthanliveIta Germany whom Peiin our hen . - - - BY%TENNIS LEE WARREN Dv nio.noi. ewe the apart.. *ppm. ease - M more. no rem... cm. Ow mi.. of General Km. wradominated by -.WM.. ter. e. rms.. In Jun. too LONDON. Thurafty r1 By 110..11400 B. RESTON lard by former Semis. of PARIS. May I thee Inwa door.e to hare Men age A cynical peopegandlid who ern ."1 WY. 1. TM me me me Berlin, graitest eity of the Euro- Alni. ARCED AIJAILD HEAD. rem w Imam wee nem State Cordell Hull, etme hemtMnorthernno 4...ern re -pointed Chief nf the ...a Genoutithout temple to warp the pean Continent fell yesterda y aft - SAN FRANCISCO. May 1-T becalling Rem..n inerasere of wen warted wide openera Staff Inplace of Ileld Mar.mind of whole nation. he was the R1.1.1111,11 Then.+ month. after thesty AIMS ern.. In the a* 10.01Ie Mated StAte Greet Br.. andthe dthrgation In ewer.. theirtoday Mel Oen. Wilhelm Ken.. latelygreet i0111.1 d P. Naziserly.Q"A"rrn. n"Y. AUSTRALIANS GAINTh,rnin 1.4 Men thole Rm. made rollter Itempt toMines as Ow prover ofthe The aid Is very new, bNte.la has. ern M.Th.( Ctholic-thedrinirareitytrain.rram fleet eel fret on itst.n e rn.. the mere.. that Ado., tole ne- the verfor Iran seem the Prt. Government oon-conference gratafrom Meth ofN. active ,thrwart, yen hidto Rhinelander A Nam .Ines he fire Italy mewl fit Mithr had .and never wen. mew. today wnhe holt11111e eased u them. today. and. Mile they 1110 Mr. Null elm has lain. byfnellsInthe wmt 0.4 GermanIlse Weetern Peron Mt. latter mesh In lea. he was IN 'el 'NEO INVASION The Soviet triumph 5,1rt twee. end sirad. the negotiallons weretraptione membersoftherealKance wm Reappearing andThe Malmo. ofFritache.endlargely rime.. for the hyperon,derthe uman.. surreraer dem of hietory dealt. Afoot eat mt.. Milord MP. sielegatIonand la under.. toMat only a few fanatics! RS menwas raptural . ficrainralthaMkth3party fasten. on Ger.ained by the Catalan/ Mel Ban. Ran.. ma senator. lame night have praised theirfelons. Meer .f There had been irate ofday afternoon at Athed Nemlerar Two manorcontemnersWert pat ea any fight Mat.. The of doerchiefsmany MacArthur, Confirming Land -by Premier Mane Is an mier held ea.' the day.This morn mem. at Mat ewe oncethe&Wed Wolfer McRae of Ow rue. term . Caserta tM My end In the So..1 mama We. Vyarteselaff M Molotaf. Fa. far.ertay the meld low*rees demier to toe .!reedy fleaCeaUlliaad Oa Page IL Colonel T". `4'0"^ ""'" ""4 '4".. Mg on Tarakan, Isle Off Coast.rap04 breadth.0 fram lidirmer We can Come.. mot to the bee. truclglan elm. damMYraw. rover all MM, r sod Mr terms, n ee., martdm of the American chtlega- NGE TAUS braIrellart 10 Iffesplamit alumated at a.m. IONIAN rem Reports Beachhead Won Martha Malinfirst Umwd en lion and met W Severed Karel - KIM and Ben. Doom. with $7,445,000,000 Budget CutThey apply triall norther% order of the day **re de- man and Sir Arch.. CiartiKeer. rapidly diminishing neunlese than. to the Inman River MUM rarth strurt.of ta Garman Ninth STRESS UNITY PLEA that and to the Alantelaa the Amer.. end 5,111.11 MMx ing Oft cat., Flue surronder MANILA. Thurs.,Mai 3 Army Pepped meths. el Garin. Vomelberg. Tyrol sad Salzburg. rare to Nome,etto at with LTarLuserobemeg rano maidFor 1946 Asked by Truman Con Deeding MacArthur confirmedwith the capture of IM.050 of It. oothe ofenro101001, andportion. ofCarinthiaand menearlslaughterOfatNest Pol. Wednardey night that Gem. today thatsr/freerAustralian them. and M. Edward R Ste,RePresontatives ofIticLatinthat... Irethe Nether -leads Styria Doce are lea. on Tar... m40,000. Willa. JrSocretry of Stair and rim imee.eat ilet 0410. whirl fly flEITSAM D. NULEN TM ...dm ofthe Aristriene land mst off the nortIMMt meat 054000W bearosammes. AnthonyEden. BnlishForeignNations, Norway. Yugoslavia sime re ear iam Wm row proem/. swept sway mat of the M AIMAI-Costrolled. mid report WASHINGTON. May 3-Preel which 11.005.000 deedweight tons Of Borneo A second orer ammo. the liernetary and Syria Voice Hopes from UM Canadian hoot ladb area that the Germane had chi.. amon was 1.1..4 fro Thu malting tasted nearly two bet Truman started an economy t w e0lp., Ma( Wit theOW they would use for a redimite The Inv cap.* of Gerwinys Mg Balla] rated am.lme nageMtioes had days ago by Austrailan and Jpaports of Rogan and Warneaf DM. bare 3.1,05 Mich paracipests yrogranitoday0Ithpropose. ye., 11 alsogreatlylee.. the Man 0 marten for more thaa In additim he eaperls that re - nese mart. la forty -forego drive by the nee. come improvement Ur Um at - theety.thar hen, ammdirig leeklag ta U. taring or room thro thence. for ny Wtdl0A Mud on The gee ral and one of Atra member. of We discussions betSAN FRANCISCO. may 3,The a..43.1100.114111 aerate of masy rallies. of MBA.theCee.eatThepartledi of Second While RuseMa anAmoicie.dPre. Meath firm most lama. vi Then Menial stain procitairod h ub thong. in the inthelance ofMilted Nat..s tonference codedfree, Lomidoial TM Maw cut am droned toanbeortop fee GovenuneetItaly 11101 included in the eurrender U. NAM.. Comenealon through agoncraaforthecermet IL. 54.M Nes Guinea and Ite Middlethr fall of Berea.II cap... M Roams areomen. today the Mina devoted to aseech .04- Capt. Lembo. mi. Yugoslav border arrdK art had hit the be.need Tars -al 3 P. M.. Moscow Use. a by Alter the @Math plenary one.waling by heeds ofdebegatione necemosedetion re htter ts La the Isle. Pen... al- Ws .Ronson the AmerIcan deie-Wwill Wirt tomorrow smileuWit. ants retedinto L.Camper. reduction of funde tarPultbrienMee, the demean( saidready 1mthe Mnde of TagasterIran fter the in voisson sectoc had P M. 10.000 t Its stagger.g *- tech, and Other BM. forme tookoklpcseerectlraofmotelltM. t flU press confer., the *moodPortia. hem puled by Royal and P.Ofeeder. had bees rounded up wal ganoe !Ward studying the newof ti. four con...ions that sill M. Air roger planes end Alliedcounted by Um Runniaaa .111supgert W.ner es the Banc, airy tWsly57.000.400.01141 in current ppropri- he Ma held am enter., the reorldrarart MO.. Mich It de the mu work. artording Gee.. Meet per. warships eras from the Reams tRoanticao end contract authorisation. White Mom, Put other nate arm. The arrow trot took Bee. the lathe conference. and WeeAlger Mimesecretary.mners1 Of PM, of the Arnencm arrant),PintWhit flaalaaa met the First . the eveeisg the foram ..-W conference oda.inthe northt erade oe the In mother recommendation the under conaiderstiensome cmSour elet noon today the Ger Reportis. tor the mecum. ma - L.Met Gen *Wunder MPratidest cared to. reductisie a( new Wm mode of wowing redee-man commend s rah. order..FleetandtheRoyal Amtralmn commanded by Mar- .he of the Ices mom. power. forces WS tryieg frenziedly to noeNavy look part an the operation shals Gregory K Drutroff end Ira met en wove confrtenet M Seemitt.. Mr Him teld the Won,' germth Army meshedmer. then 1504100.050 In the 1144 nom . employe persoenel. M.ter they meld reach a jointseas. this anerobon Mae Om-deeper into the Sualnan p001450bodge. al eight agencies fa theIndseirtime were that the Pr..Into the Alps before U. MU. and Therarbibiouuforces meatS Kooef 1. imp. scrods Ile hilsbearg aad Vorarlberg. oh.,. dent we. homtel that the Eighth armee to lay demotheirmliore hout two miles east of theRwer Oder resteen days prance. policy on arnerichni the ChuntemleinsalSelons I and 2 barlog to do 0110 Baca yaw bei.nmi July I Tralgan airtithi OW proposal. the Ciormass were etillreet.ing Mr. Tro.an slat informed Coe- ildati Se Pew.. ewe rniaThe usiconditsonaletemoder ly and ea sprit 21 hod Lariat le. pnl001* andAelerably.r. terms call for the -imniediste a- The -.pane..4.00 trtrenbyBerlinThey eaCinCled the mesa. 51011100y,meet atI0:30 The artolesof Cm Jacob gem that he sem terminating the tethiltime Issue Rel.. by Free. hem sccompiimbed am bowline. mehtlasflee end thearaiammt ofeurpriae. failed to mgan. mitml I city,oWch already 1.4hale Team roofer.. ofthe fourA Idtomorrow at tea Velma.Omen. Sixth Army Group It.Office et Cralian Defense by June restatAnce and thbraChrofd tertawrecked by ...rem and Ben. Memorial BuddIng. and Comm.-UM. Metes Seventh 5.4 hon. areI erthdrawing Ir ProPmedIthat ewer t 10 IhropeHe sad ha th. meml'. P.M. me Sadeitt aeon. poems are not Men fr. ue AnoNel 010 continue germ.budget ot SIMMS for the net turwas Mecueem tax ma.. Mb tort.' ...allyemeabliahed bent.re. and tae the ranaiats .. S and 4. crammed with the The Seatralians bits I. male of Use meet, at Ices. not to disc. the Dona In the. parAshetIt macal year Secretary Morgan/we ""'"0.0014.4401 up lest tees- bittee.b Dratherton Ora peep... andSecurity Council and Wald Cermet .4our den avertheSigh.@ruth Wand acede shot fightiag of ell Wee. .111 one.. the sum p.m .11 SOeW.44 .44.4 the The JointComer...tat Com-In Use WM Gap.. Fie, there Me been Meal criticthrn that Gamma Merever lay am en. Revenue has Army aod fourbren days aler theWirebree Edge .1 I... Rearbed taef °a -Mar emplert W tannin mcretortes of the fourP M fort.* an Internal Tleseproaming end of the Eu-PIM Army hod begun the aping pramn were not meet.' often The Soviet Foreign Comm..countared-unlem of tour, localh em conthemi taxstudimforropeanwar andthelevorable opelDan v.tually wereThra 0.5 the awe nuility capi- Vyachesilat N ...ff. tr. pre-meaty maimandere .1* to eonsemta and the Madera in Contr.;mgr. of the ear . the Pacificoffer.. Mal mreM over every wa.the emeny holdingsWings in the awth.'ta/ Sala Marthal StAba early enough oa the primary pampa. of on hoped. Pet the meat. cm portantcity Ur northernItaly.General Wrailer..Sot.at the samesided es cm of the few mama. h ave meek Um .veep pow..brought In more tam IMAM pris- as -Me nester of Germs import. Cobb.. of theSeveeth AMYbe Wien 0pactiveir anal V -SIdereeme. the President's action le forme inthe eastern portions of1. .04 Mart of Gerrnes agree. time Thence MS raised th issuepreeldents, departed fnast the nig oners nd sealed of all the me.the Netherland Indies are ffec. War ember of Mono. to recede.semen. to within tour ronro Day le line Nth the peaty act by CowMom orowoThe essresder of am- and Mier hid pm... me moo toed lee.. mt. U. 0.0.00 ar Prim Cesfereme game Wt year sn the eecand De- lively moister 4tabIlament ofos the seat of has Thomeoil-year Cant.. m Page 4. C.. Mr H. Col GoaHrairich v4. Vi.ing.Um ham x111 complete -Wm [Min The reg.. mnalting ord. wasmoutheen redoubt Northelthe So I. m tee Maritime Commlent -hem Bill requiring a 001(0101.studyMit, the Gem. Comm* in 0,10* empire- use mare that in then ramrod with the introducAmts. fronthr the TeethAr- 01pproprialMos and con- of &WIWIda and enahle us to stolele. Um tea yeah rt. as it bed mored thy...fter MOO la macre. ViceAdmiral Chief lm the seuthwert mark. theenemyforme anmtherelathe Pon of Dr isemstel Padilla. War. Emery S. Land the charman. ae-tract suthortastimis md their re-first time thia war that Ger- been Men. le Moodand siding AN EXPERIMENT thirty fo to the Inn Rarer view by the mut.. Pacific." TT. grate. City ewer In tall la ea ...in 61.1.1114T math of Rraenheiss. h. cut therated skip contractors that there many had fem.. acknowledged The general aimultenemsly dis SpakSIse See. Nears muld be funds for the ramplethe It SI regarded sa Arta. that nettle, brha u,30 ieirmee-mi. Thisspecial 7 A. N. Small seldom do not threstenCenthemil ea Page L Caner of the construct. proirarn underCosir.s vW .deptthe mornCosUMMII en P. P. Celia.'Centimes. ea Peg. I. CM.. 4mont to the dm. M edition of The New York mend...They ant We. as nd moor the Me.. melaillsie rneeniag not only imenestateem- one man. Ad. Hiller Times is being 'booedforce. nitro... beat formidable.is s 551 .0 as Minifying that Row Ma. I.nmns 0. them toon the M. of the wail nationsSpain Detains Laval for Allies Grew Bares Nazi Peace Bid Steps; 5111 never be Itnpann 0110 weracy. dailyamong delegatro They Is.. the protective shAdow Presideet Thome is Met pee the United Nation confer-of their own emntwee sod their After His Flight to Barcelonahaving the Inert.. Branch con-Hirnmler-Doenitz Status a PuzzleMt berm the was that create. ence in San Francisco.Itmetrileatios to the es. el right duct. flee& fily Wont the Cab- of Con... M.. had prmule. inetMpartmestsrailerthaa Poo or 4./23.000 and onlyMooday ismadepossiblethrough Dr. Padillademonsitested hut mete.. by mating that -UM 55 PAUL P. KENNEDY through agmciat and roods. many Sy LAribING WARRENsemi n ight the Rusecasm anatimerd that thecooperationofTheera beim with the treacarm. lap Ca. is Tama Tao of Mick hem We ort y le re- re Me se. lerwe Mew the (anapest Nan defenders wort Associated Press and BARCELONA. Spain. May 2 -~David Key. United StatesCastcent mare for emergency 71413 WASHINGTON, May 3 Anme. to AdolfNi1Mr.allow MathW it. may of the civil.. entli AXIS agar.bs ogs100 mop.Pierre Lava tonne, French Pre-General hem. mid Lmal had theThe ogee* alerted bythehou.r hour mom. to, na-hs. bean .1 but fully craft...thew fen The Richmond Independent.g odly oely of innocence sod weali- med. negonationa with Ges.po M. of lesysng Spain terardiats-n emennteodstlanatodayarethe may 5.0. hindered Hisralees ac- hey of tat defense me Richmond. Califronia. andnen." and coratUmed, .ar, who arrived at the liamekem ChM Heinrich Himethe width ma isirportthia earkingy or Ming interned pending dis-Office of W. later..., War ceptant, MI thefactthattheevery..., that Hiller MI and it we mot snow., .4 cobFee anonoo eared attheStale Depertment public German mounander In Hely havewaeddbe.5.4 even Waimea. iscirculatedas ourtelves, for us who memo noram, tonight was ia the Most -posal ofh.. use by the All.Powwow Swink Off. of Cm- powers After two hours of tarbeteson.p. Off. of Defer. Tn.-here today by Jr. C GrewcapItulat...medance with thesalsemeshis meowing cohorts service of The New YorkMares. tothreatenitbutMidi fee.. outtheBarcelona, Art.( Seerrtary State. l. left Terms of President Truman, let cratended ever the HAeihem Times and its associates insecurity fee the great ammo whoIntereed In &vaginae by the Al-among the party, Mr.t Mich theportation. Pear.um ronatandra. plane was mewled md wade reedybenforWar, Ted.. Securityuncertain whether or sot the ergo-rate would indite. that Lle hourradio that naldllfee Ye Betio wee theenterprise. and as anCan Tare readtly be temp. bylied Gomm.. tletione Mee bream dews. the Mils. advice of end.. and With h.. custody are fellow-todepartLavalInformedtheAgency. War nasproar Comoe Pres.. Harry S. Tnuma atof the general German eurnender -hot yet broke." men whie sa. impertinent in facsimile re-foe. pamergere end thecrew of aneel... they ch. internam.won aro the Offke of IleInntlfle pproechingIn ram note Preematted that the garrison bed Moe Itemarch and Derfalmaing 11Wh ie nem cosferterti w. Itornoon said rapped 1010 Mehrtet peck.. production of newspapers. -Mow. the gr. powers wireaera.all Sean raiiitroy prow thatLarel sat be did not dm. to tent the Gem. forms besentto ham became herecommasdallase prarlde far Om,mid frankly be did and komTrasould Mrratider 00 the Allted local TM no. rase is the iamemeeill It.pages aretransmittedto be mthority. they. woadarived attheairportet53.10 Ali. Gen. remit.; moron - SRO Maeda Mom to their Mang. est. be would net me.. fahdatingwoetell.lehseam( carifamdees In the Ilea sind whereMart of the my. IS the gweerm photographically each morn- P Tro peewee., toriaded Abetrial there. them W roinatiorial rag.= forboweltemeadertotheSoviet...ice continuedtheminemeat Morro that MI h. 111.11.- gleforropronary. A.4. Bemend fanner Vicky Ws.er of Ualas as well u to the Weetern ing Iron NOW York warWhat they tonal eetabl. mold TheSps. Clev.tem. apemeows weenie* widow the reds. would matron 1ees pride ailld la the pallimem the Wirephoto I ticilitie of robiliallas. Maur. Cletedde. forpareatly wassurgel1.1by UMMerit? Agway. The $44.144.01111Atha hearan10 ham liemSmmtary Gee,. amount of the fertilkethene t 50, oely be Worm to permasent M.ewePietro Mats. of J..: Marred la itherstere IMAM, letit he The Associated Poem sadsetheity" plam'a illertedere. C1.1orig..). Maga. el. crt segullationa which were opened41anemittractive Thergart. Mr. Lev. Patel Nero. /wallGomm, M.. Cerree Verge.{LIMNS Alai ISM tit le to. lias rot yet made May. Himailas reireese on April 24. has TheRumlana mamma lego a. printed 'on the prowsof The M. of mese the 0044sscrelay. and Inge. likemak Taisemetematereet Of Admiral hast D000500 appeintmeat sewCeedtheell ea P.m I. Ca..* Connor. ea Pros A Crommta The Ridserood !olden68ot Ceelfseed ere POgli 4. Caramelaro de W arms Mannar Thge L 00.05 Ifte de 0.11.111.5 El casting compare with the newspaper a certain attraction, those who have or the magazine? All printed media experimented with it seem to feel that are capable of handling either words a really useful facsimile broadcasting or pictures, but only facsimile can de- service should be on a basis that makes liver such a record with genuine im- it available throughout the living (or mediacy. Newspapers and magazines broadcasting) day of at least the17 can give the customer any kind of hours from 7 a.m. to midnight. How- story or picture, but neither of them ever, there is no other reason why AM cart give that service at the instant should not be used for a facsimile that a particular event may occur. broadcasting service. There is nothing Immediacyisanexclusiveand aboutfacsimilethatdiscriminates unique attribute of facsimile broad- against AM. casting, in the wide field of recorded I venture to suggest that if there communications. But immediacy may should happen to be more AM fac- not be enough, in itself, to insure that simile recorders in use than there were facsimile broadcasting should have a AM loudspeakers, we would soon see a place in the sun. Perhaps something considerable proportion of AM broad- more should be added.If anything casting time devoted to facsimile pro- more is needed to make a competitive grams. But there we have, of course, place for facsimile broadcasting, sure- the old chicken -and -egg problem. Fac- ly no one needs look further than to simile recorders will not go into use recognize the ease with which facsimile until there are facsimile programs for recorded programs may be synchron- them to record, and there is little like- ized or coordinated with evanescent lihood that AM broadcasters will seek sound programs over AM or FM sta- authority to broadcast facsimile pro- JOHN V. L. HOGAN tions. grams on their AM stations while most An Individual Service of their listeners are equipped only to dustry and Commission engineers has hear aural programs. been appointed by the FCC for the If we may assume that the foregoing But FM broadcasters need not seek purpose of reviewing the work of the outline shows enough of what facsimile any extraordinary authorization from RTPB and makingspecificrecom- broadcasting can do that no other the FCC in order to broadcast educa- mendations to the Commission. Man- type of broadcasting or publication tional or commercial facsimilepro- ufacturers are understood to be ini- can do, we are one step nearer to an- grams over their standard FM trans- tiating a program of production of swering the fundamental question. In mitters. The regulations of the Com- equipment especially designed to meet my opinion, we may exclude any mission now provide that any FM the requirements of FM broadcasters. thought of using facsimile on AM sta- broadcastermaybepermittedto It now seems probable that suitable tions,at the moment. That is only broadcast facsimile in addition to the apparatus built to authorized stand- because the AM spectrum is more than required minimum ofsix hours of ards will be available by autumn of saturatedwithauralprograms,for sound programs daily, and that on the this year. which there are millions of listeners. 1(1)6-108 mc FM channels(except in Thus the only AM time for facsimile Area I) no sound programs are re- Ready for Market would be during the so-called "experi- quired, and thus facsimile may be used As to the commercial practicality of mental hours" in the very early morn- full time. These new rules set up a the equipment that will be produced, ing. definite place for the development of I see little reason for doubt. The war- While the idea of having a facsimile facsimile as an integral part of FM time applications of facsimile are not recorder print your morning news- broadcasting, and, except for the cur- suitable in design for home broadcast paper during the midnight hours has rent restriction on the use of io6-io8 use, excellent as they have proved in mc in Area I, should give ample op- military service, but in the course of portunityforfacsimilebroadcasting their development there have been im- during the first year or two of its de- portant improvements in such funda- velopment. mental factors as speed, definition and THE NEW YORK TIMES made historyin page size. These basic improvements May,1945 by transmittingviafacsimilea Facsimile Standards Needed can no doubt be worked over into a special 4 -page edition to the UNO Confer- What remains to be done before form especially directed toward meet- ence in San Francisco, distributing it to dele- this new FM service can be estab- ing the requirements o? FM broad- gates at8 a.m. each morning. The Times lished? The facsimile industry must casters and home users, and should u-ilizedAssociated Presswirephoto.Page agree upon the few standards that are turn out to be complete answers to p-oofs were pulled from the typein New necessary to insure that all broadcast the contention that experimental fac- York,cutinhalftofitthe AP machines, receivers will be able to record pro- simile broadcasts of pre-war days were thentransmittedoveritswirephoto fa - grams from all broadcast transmitters, inadequate as to speed, definition and c litiesto SanFrancisco, where the nega- whereuponthe FCC canestablish size. tiveswerecopiedforphotoengraving, Standards of Good Engineering Prac- Itis not too difficultto visualize made intozinccuts andrunoffon the ticefor facsimile broadcasting. And simple and dependable sending or presses ofthe Richmond Independent. manufacturers must produce accept- scanning apparatus that can be set up What has been done by wirephoto can able equipment for use at the broad- in a studio or control room and con- be done by radio facsimile, says Mr. Hogan. casting station and in the radio homes. nected to an ordinary FM transmitter, ('Photoatleft reduced about one-half). The task of standardization has al- and recording attachments that can ready been begun by Panel 7(Fac- be connected to any FM receiver in simile) of the Radio Technical Plan- any home. Nor isit hard to foresee ning Board, and a committee of in - (Continued on page 3o)

MARCH, 1946 7

POUGHKEEPSIE

Fig. 1: Theoreticalcoveragearea NEW HAVEN of New York City's 20 FM channels.

PHILADELPHIA Listenership surveys are prime determinants in establishing this unique rate scale for FM

a newSLIDERULEfor fm rates

By CAPT. P. K. LEBERMAN, USNR WITH WGYN broadcasting on the of all of the 20 channels allocated to Inasmuch as we do not believe that new wave band since the first of New York City. The interference areas advertisers would be interested in buy- the year, we are readying our sales will vary among the twenty channels ing time on FM stations until there story for advertisers by announcing a but in no case will one station be able are at least 200,000 receiving sets in distinctly new foundation upon which to claim more than 5% or s o% more the New York area,.WGYN has issued to base our advertising rate schedule. coverage than another. Since this is so, its initial rate card based on 200,000 Rate structures inthe radio field the logical basis upon which to build a sets. According to manufacturers' pre- have not been based on logic. A glance rate structure is the number of actual dictions, there will be not less than that through the Standard Rate and Data listeners each station attracts at a given number in the metropolitan area by Service forces one to the conclusion time of day. Aug. 1, 1946. Rates for the first year of that radio, though far ahead of other The rate for each hourly period dur- operation will undoubtedly continue media in most respects,is fighting a ing the day and night on WGYN will, to he based on the minimum of 200,000 rear guard action in continuingto therefore, be determined by research. sets. When research can be used to de- charge on the basis of "what the traf- Since, right now, there are no actual termine rates, the rates on WGYN will fic will bear." Powerful AM stations listeners to WGYN or any other station be changed every go days, or possibly cast a signal many miles beyond any on the new FM channels and won't every six months. The chart in Figure natural trading area and charge for be until new receivers come in,itis 2 shows the manner in which WGYN coverage of far-flung districts which are obvious that rates cannot be estab- has arrived at the initial rates; it also much more ably covered locally. lished from research until such a time shows the number of listeners to all In the advent of FM, we have an ex- as there are approximately 1,000,000 stations among the 200,000 set owners, cellent reason to place our rate struc- sets in the New York area. One mil- and indicates the number of listeners tures on a logical base because the cov- lion sets would permit economical re- to WGYN which we have set at one - erage areaistheoretically the same search. WGYN, therefore, finds it nec- twentieth of the total. Eventually, 20 for all of the metropolitan stations in essary to establish rates based on re- FM stations will operate in the New a given city. In Figure 1, for instance, sults from research pertaining to AM York area. is shown the theoretical coverage area listening habits. Hypothetical?Certainly.But until

PRESIDENT of Family Circle Magazine WGYN expects to adopt by next summer. and part owner and director of FM Sta- Recentlyreleased fromactivedutyin tion WGYN, New York, the author has the Navy, Capt. Leberman, a 1922 graduate developed a new rate plan for FM follow- of Annapolis, is one of New York's leading ing an exhaustive survey of existing time FM proponents. He owns a majority in- costschedulesofbroadcastingstations. terest in AM Station KRSC, Seattle, which Capt. Leberman discusses inthis article he built and established in the middle '20s, theradically newrateformula,based and was formerly associated with the Na- on programlistenership,whichStation tional Broadcasting Co. LISTENERS TO WGYN

Base Rate is $2. per M per Announcement

10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000

Fig.2:Chartillustrateshypotheticalvariationoflistenershipthroughouttheday on which a station's rates would be based. Black blocks indicate an assumed WGYN audience.

FM is fairly widespread through the tomed to paying about $2 per page per urgent demand for FM in their post- area, it will be impossible for research thousand readers in mass circulation war radios, indicating a powerful mass to determine a more accurate estimate magazines. As a matter of fact, in radio market for those stations which are of actual listeners. The percentage fig- the rate is much more favorable be- programmed effectively. ures we are using in Figure 2 may be cause it is based on actual listeners to Under our system of basing rates on considered high because they pertain to anadvertisingmessagewhereasin actuallistenersinacoverage area AM listeners, since the new sets will fea- magazines, with rates based purely on which is so nearly identical for all 20 ture both AM and FM reception, divid- circulation, a given advertising page is New York FM channels, our success or ing the listeners. To offset that, we seldom seen by more than 50% of the failure is squarely up to the program- have set the rate basis for 'WGYN at subscribers. ming department. That is why we plan only one -twentieth of the total even on maintaining rigid control ofall though there will probably not be the MassAudience Programming programming in much the same way full 20 FM stations operating in New Other FM stations may wishto that a magazine editor retains rigid York for a good while. "edit" their programming to a certain control of his editorial content. All Against this set of figures we apply income group or to a particular cul- programs will be "station -owned" so a base rate of $2 per thousand actual tural level and hence would not be jus- that sponsors and agencies can in no listenersperone -minutespotan- tified in basing their rates as low as $2 way influence the pattern of our pro- nouncement. All rates stem from the per thousand listeners. Obviously, at gramming with which we expect to at- $2 base with discounts of 20% and o% WGYN we plan on programming for tract a mass audience. for 6 and 3 spots per day. All rates are a mass audience, cutting across all in- "Always Good Music" is the slogan on a 52 -week, 7 -day basis. come groups, cultural levels, etc. to be used in all WGYN advertising Several factors went into the deter- It seems certain, from talks with promotion and is the foundation of all mination of the $2 base rate. In the manufacturers and distributors, and of our programming. Hourly headline first place, a number of large success- even from some of the sales material news is also featured. The music will fulusers of spot radio have found which they have already passed on to run from jive to the classics to suit all through research that they were deliv- dealers, that FM -AM table models will tastes. Commercials are rigidly restrict- ering messages at a per -listener cost soon be available at prices as low as ed to six one -minute spots per hour. varying by seasons from $1.8o to $2.20. $3o. And even if considerable time Our advertisingratesmust keep This type of advertiser has responded passes before this price is possible, at pace with the number of listeners at- most favorably to the idea of a $2 base least one comprehensive survey has tracted to our programming; therefore, rate, and magazine advertisers will rec- shown that the middle income groups we expect to maintain continuous re- ognize it as a step in the right direc- -from $i,000to$3,000 and from search by an accepted, impartial re- tion for radio because they are accus- $3,000to $5,000-have expressed an search organization as a constant check.

MARCH, 1946 9 COMMISSIONER JETT'S THESIS: NOT so lowly as its name implies, the Community FM station in many cases will compete favorably with its big brother Metropolitan station. Taking two examples- Washington, D. C., and Minneapolis -St. Paul-FCC Com- missioner Jett shows how a Community station covers substantially the concentrated population of the principal city in each of these metropolitan districts. Since the cost of a Community station is so much less than that of a Metropolitan station, broadcasters with limited means would do well to investigate the possibilities of the not- so -second-rate Community station.

ing definitions. First, what is a Community station? A Community station is normally limited to a maximum effective radiated power of25owatts with a maximum antenna height of25ofeet above the average terrain ten miles from the transmitter. There may be exceptions to this limitation on antenna height and if a proper showing is made the FCC will authorize increased elevation. If, however, the antenna elevation is increased, the FCC may require a reduction in power to below25owatts, to minimize interference with other stations. No protection is accorded a Community station's signal; however, the Rules specify a co -channel separa- the tion of at least 5o miles between stations and an adjacent channel separation of at least 35 miles between stations. In the crowded New England -Middle Atlantic area of the country (Area I),20channels, from104.1mc Community 107.9 to mc, have been made available for the Com- munity class of stations. In the remainder of the country, ten channels are set aside for this purpose, occupy- FMStation ing the1o4.1mc to105.9mc band. Roughly, Area I embraces southern New Hampshire By EWELL R. JETT down to the District of Columbia and as far west as the Appalachians. At some future date the demand for Applicants have been apathetic toward channels in the areas contiguous to Area I may ex- ceed the supply; therefore, it may be necessary to in- it, yet it seems to present better busi- corporate the North Central region into Area I. This ness opportunities than name implies would, then, extend the boundaries of Area I out to Illinois. The main studio of the Community station must be IN BROADCASTING, the Community FM station, located in the city or town to be served, but that city which can be built for about $ io,000, should stand must not be the principal city of a "metropolitan dis- up well against the competition of the more costly trict." The transmitter of the Community station must and higher powered Metropolitan stations and, in be situated as close as possible to the center of the many cases, Rural stations, too. Indeed, an examina- city to be served. tion of the accompanying charts, which will be explained later, shows that the term "Community" is a ARE SOME EXCEPTIONS to these rules. misnomer in that this class of station will provide THEREOf the20Community channels available in Area interference -free service over a radius of about15 I, half may be assigned to principal cities of metro- miles. Similarly, except possibly for a few very large politan districts in which are located less than six cities, the area served by a Metropolitan station is Metropolitan stations. Should future developments more rural than metropolitan. indicate the need for more than ten Community chan- Let us examine the situation on the basis of exist- nels in Area II, the ten frequencies between io6.1 mc

10 FMJOURNAL 42NJtirtquiJhecti

Broadcasting stations, like people, develop individual WFIL's alert programming continues to build wider characteristics. Each in its own way creates a definite listening acceptance, its hard-hitting promotion fol- impression. However, one because of marked differ- low-through is constantly gaining new advertisers ences, soon distinguishes itself from all others. In a person, that mark of distinction is personality; in a and its public service to the community is universally broadcasting station itis programming, promotion recognized. Truly in Philadelphia, the nation's third and service in the public interest. largest market, WFIL is distinguished.

PHILADELPHIA'S ABC AFFILIATE REPRESENTED NATIONALLY BY THE KATZ AGENCY

MARCH, 1946 11 ,1' `j8e ) :T '/McC,eitsburg o arribersb O /1 -4 /IRAN .;) \ gton G A N S \ HA FOR COMMUNITY STATION 00 14/ ster Bela' 7 ..,,. iSER LT MO E SILVER SPRING, MARYLAND yse-r7 I..,,kiart" -4 a.)) 1,4 c C ,. 10Romney 250 Watts,250 Feet / A MPSHIRE es w 1000 uv/m 10 miles orefield 50 uv/m32 miles R DY L u*

gypp METROPOLITAN STATION WASHINGTON, D. C. \ f`' 20 KW,500 Feet PAG E 1000 uv/m 32; miles ,AM; r1 \ ER.,',.., 39 miles nbu , 0r 500 uv/m iS , *.- (0 tMADISON upeper -,A,STAF C 50 uv/m66 miles W I rdivi11 a cii)sn .t. V 11 ing beo e,.., % GRE \-. 1 c.;', ,,,,, , ./--,.4.' 1, of, WORGX4TER )4.... , , 1-' S. IV-4 ... S /.47 ""... ov /Sncre.91'1 i S9JN,;' 5014E12, if 13 '14, _f._'..C1_*\ '_ ARLE/ 0 Tatafxn K4 VovVar,,,,.-44, ." / 0P10,7Yr, / ssEx FLUVANNy/Cot vert., ti 't.anOisterrfc,% /04 CAt cloc 1.1 Ian w. 6ml+ Y- -4 ,,Tut? AAccornac

FIG. 1:The coverage comparison of a Washington Metropolitan station with that of a suburban Silver Md., Community stationis shown here.It can be seen how the Silver Spring 1,000 uv/m contour includes the population of the District of Columbia.

and 107.9 mc, now included in Area I only, will also ing structures, control consoles, remote pickup, turn- be utilized in Area II. At the moment, they are avail- tables and monitors. For the 250-watter, the cost is able for facsimile transmission in Area II. for a two -bay antenna; for the io-kw and the 50 -kw, Now let us take a look at the costs involved in con- a four -bay antenna. Royalty payments are included in structing a Community station as compared with those transmitter prices. for a Metropolitan station. Thus, although the figures are only for certain On December 14, 1945, the Senate Small Business equipment and do not include land, buildings, an- Committee released figures on FM station costs cover- tenna supporting structures, constuction, furniture, ing certain specified equipment [see February issue]. etc., they do give a fair indication of the relative costs The figures were obtained by the FCC from various between an average Community station and an aver- manufacturers and represent the best available data age Metropolitan station. on this subject. According to this report, a 250 -watt FM station costs $9,508, the median between a low estimate of $6,420 POPULATION and a high of $14,500. A io-kw FM station, on the 1,150,000 other hand, to provide20kw of effective radiated COMMUNITY STATION 1,500,000 power, costs $27,308, with a low estimate of$22,020 METROPOLITAN STATION and a high of $34,566. In the same report, the cost of a 50 -kw station is 1.250,000 given as $80,558 (median). The equipment that is covered by these figures in- 1,000,000 cludes only transmitters, antennas without support- 150,000 II 1,102,000 1,121,000 1,621,000 WASHINGTON, D. C. (3 215 1 (4,190 (13.110 663,091 Sq. Mi.) Sq. Sq. 500,000 I 016,000 I1,(13034500 TABLE 1:Chart shows population coverage of a Washington Metropoli- 10 18Sq./10.1 tan station and that of a Silver Spring Community station. Note how the Sq. l+11.) Silver Spring 250 -wafter reaches Washington's population right at start. 250,000 12 1,000 uv/m 500 uv/m 50 uv/m Microvolts per Meter -4 Brainer

T 0 RISON/ to COMMUNITY STATION oUts, 1e)cand ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA 250 Watts,250 Feet .2,-001enwoo 1000 uv/m 10 miles P.,0 P t- 500 uv/m 14miles 50 uv/m32 miles

Vensoni I V METROPOLITAN STATION - MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA ! \ I G I P 20 KW,500 Feet LPPE WA. - M 1000 uv/m34 miles deo' 500 uv/m41 miles I ' ft V 68 miles ice, 50 uv/m FAN VILLE E"C Durar4 RURAL STATION MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA .adwoocItS f *hel 325 KW,800 Feet 'RlED 1000 uv/m55 miles R Fa rib evi Utch W N/V 500 uv/m63 miles ato 50 uv/m92 miles ' I r: ca !le- - - Y----L__-__r-----\ ' -ii-l'\ ,-;%"--\ 't 1 E Rochester:or __ N,, , ,tS' J a most., ---! : BLI_Of. EARTH\ 1 COTT-UNW000 --T--- --'''------iN TWNOtJA 5r1P/ L arta \ i Wi ridt-.1n-, , 1 \ 1\ - sse 11. sto _ \ j ..e.,,,, \ / ' JA 44"- F Att li 8 A Littal, -1.0 Ititaxiii.N4. HOUTON riLL.KikORE Ica, airrnont I Ifilue Fa on, EeR N- ± Jackson Lea ara --... 1 r Viroqua

FlG 2:How does a Community station compare, in population coverage, with that of a Metropolitan and a Rural station? This contour map illustrates the coverage of a St. Paul Community station as compared with a Minneapolis Metropolitan and Rural station.

AT THE BEGINNING of this article, I said that politan area is over the million mark, the District of Community stations will stand up well against the Columbia itself having 663,091 according to the 1940 competition of Metropolitan and even Rural stations. census. That statement is based on the fact that, in a great Just on the other side and due north of the D.C. many instances, the Community station will cover line is the suburban community of Silver Spring, Md. a substantial portion, and, in many cases all, of a Silver Spring's postoffice served a population of 35,000 metropolitan district. in 1945, as well as an RFD population of 4,000. Silver For example, in the nation's capital, the Washing- Spring is in Montgomery County, which according to ton metropolitan district covers not only the District the County Commissioners' office has a population of of Columbia, but a considerable area in adjacent 126,000. Montgomery County considers itself, after the Maryland and Virginia. The population of this metro- Baltimore metropolitan area, the largest community in Maryland. Since Silver Spring is not the principal city in the POPULATION Washington metropolitan district, it is eligible under 1,150,000 FCC rules for one or more Community stations. COMMUNITY STATION Let us assume that a Community station is licensed 1,500,000 METROPOLITAN STATION in Silver Spring. And at the same time, let us assume, RURAL STATION for the purpose of this discussion, that a Metropolitan 1,250,000 station is located in the city of Washington to serve the Metropolitan district. 1,000,000 METROPOLITAN GIST According to the Rules, the Community station is 1,229,000 1,351.000 1,136,000 MINNEAPOLIS - ST. PAUL911,071 (9,501 (12,499 (26,600 not protected to any stated contour; however, the Met -

150,000 Sq ML) Sq. IL) Sq. ML) (Continued on page 46) 1,025,000 1,087,000 1,374 000 (3,639 (5,282 (14,520 Sq. ML) Sq. Mi.) Sq. Mi.) 500,000 69E000 721,000 885,000 (014 (616 (3,215 TABLE 2: Coverage of a Community station in St. Paul is compared with a Sq. Mi.) Sq. Mi.) Sq. ML) Minneapolis Metropolitan and Rural station. At 50 uv/m contour, St. Paul 250,000 signal can be heard by nearly everyone in the two -city metropolitan area. Al 13 1,000 uv/m 500 Wm 50 uvim

Microvolts per Meter Charts by R. Lathrop Appraising FM's advertising potential

Listeners -per -dollar rate formula based on audienceacceptance must precede any real agency interest in the new medium

By JOHN SOUTHWELL

VROM the media standpoint, adver- It simply would not be good advertis- to put up an FM station and hope to I tising is the simple science of ac- ing practice to take any other attitude. heaven that he can get away with dual - quiring the most audience for the least This attitude will change, of course, programming. But until he is capable money. Every media-whetheritis and I think I can tell you exactly when of providing an FM service, a loss in matchcoversornetworkradio-is it will change. In the course of the audience results, and, when that shows bought or rejected, compared and eval- next12months, itis expected that up in ratings, advertisers are going to uated, on the basis of the ratio be- close to a million FM receivers will be come forth with some mighty strong tween dollars spent and "listeners" or sold in this country-and it is certainly objections to paying the current time "viewers" gained. And when a new safe to say that 99% of them will go to rates. medium comes intothe advertising owners who already possess AM re- field, its success is directly in propor- ceivers. Now itis an incontroversial FM's Place Not Acknowledged tion to its comparative standing with fact that no listener can conscientious- Today only the very large advertisers other media on this audience -to -cost ly hear an AM and FM program at have any acute awareness of the ulti- principle. the same time. Every hour that an FM mate future of FM, i.e.,that all na- The advertiser, any advertiser,re- receiver is tuned in, is an hour lost by tional radio broadcasting, except for gards FM with the classical attitude of the AM broadcaster. With the mass few high-powered AM stations to cover the man from Missouri-"show me." sale of FM receivers, this is eventually rural areas, is eventually going to be Show an advertiser that an FM station going to show up on the ratings of FM. Some advertisers are very much will provide him with a goodly num- sponsored AM programs, both network afraid of FM-afraid that its advent ber of listeners for his advertising at a and local. Come the day of an espe- will diminish or nullify their present price that gives him a reasonable ratio cially low Hooper rating that can be advantage of time franchises over high- of listeners per dollar, and he will buy traced to loss of audience to FM, and powered, loud -signaled, multiple -mar- time; or show him that this particular that is the day the advertiser is going ketcoverage AM stations. And of FM station will provide him with a to take a very sudden and compelling course the advertiser who is without specialized audience that he wants very interest in matters FM. such favorable franchises is champing much to sell, and he will buy. If you In this respect, the advertiser and at the bit for FM and the day of can't offer him one or the other of the present AM radio station owner equalitybetweenstations,theday thesepossibilities, he definitely will are pretty much in the same boat. An when a good proportion of the broad- not buy. And, pray tell, why should he? AM station owner knows that if there casting outlets of the country are no is an FM station in his area, every FM longer, as Paul Kesten of CBS put it set sold in the territory is a potential beforethe FCC, "underfed, under - loss in his audience. And he knows by clothed,andgenerallyundernour- now that in the final accounting the ished, either in kilowatts or kilocycles." only way for him to stay in business is This attitude, of course, is the old

(Continued on pageso) JOHN SOUTHWELL

MOST advertising agency folk,like some are the result of better than average under- broadcasters, would prefer the status quo in standing, both as to technical and commercial radio-for the simple reason that they under- aspects. His point that FM broadcasters must stand it; for the reason, too, that they would first sidetrack many AM listeners is particu- prefer to let well enough alone. Hence a cer- larly wcrth noting. tain amount of resistance to FM, an inertia At 29, John Southwell can be characterized which time and the proof of the efficacy of as one of youthful radio's bright young men. the new medium will inevitably change. Graduated from Harvard in1938, he took a While he was with Young & Rubicam, John trip around the world, then held down a script Southwell was assigned the research task of jobat M -G -M.In1940 he joined Batten, appraising the new broadcasting media, FM Barton, Durstine & Osborn, in 1944 went into and Television. He took several years to do the radio department of Young & Rubicam. the job. His observations on FM, therefore, At present he is on the CBS television staff.

FMJOURNAL FM is a challenge in more ways than one and ittakes more than a parrot to meet the test. FM demands distinctive programming, an individuality that will fit the needs and cater to the interests of listeners in a specific area. It requires a newscast to be something more than a parrot offering the same news over and over again. With International News Service you get the greatest variety of important news, with the emphasis on human -interest, local and regional as well as national and international significance, PLUS superior writing that makes for distinctive programming and permanent listening audiences. The International News Service wire banishes the parrot from your FM antenna.

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in lifetime paperi PARTIAL LIST OF CHAPTERS. $4.00bindinge edition$1.50 1. Background of Frequency Modulation. FREE 2. FM THEORY:Explained by original charts and diagrams, rather than math- with your subscription to FM ematics. Order your FREE COPY NOW and TELEVISION Magazine 5. FM BROADCASTING: All post-war practice,covering transmitters,studios. ST FM and TELEVISION Magazine is links, antennas, satellites, measurements. the business journal of the post-war FCC standards, rules, and allocations. radio industry.It is devoted exclu- 4. FM COMMUNICATIONS-Municipal and FM andTELEVISION Magazine sively to the two principal fields of state police systems. latest transmitters and 511 Fifth Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. radioprogress,development,and receivers,railroadinstallations,selective expansion. calling systems, antennas and directive ar- Enter mynew 1:11 n $3.00 Now in its 6th year of publication. rays, relays, and FCC rules. CI renewalsubscription for It has the well -deserved reputation of 5. FM HOME RECEIVERS-Post-war de- 0 3 yrs.$6.00 being "The Complete and Authori- signs. schematics, installation notes. an- tative Source of Information on Fre- tennas. servicing testing, alignment. Add $1.00 per year foreign postage; 50c Canada: I quency Modulation and Television." 6. FM FOR AMATEURS-Design of trans- send me ABSOLUTELY FREE a copy of the new Articles on FM cover the business. mitters and receivers for amateur communi- FM RADIO HANDBOOK "paper bound addition" engineering, and operating aspects of cations. broadcasting and communications. 7. REFERENCE DATA-Allocations, propa- Name and the design, manufacture, and gation. antenna liability insurance, tubes. merchandising of home receivers. and directories of consulting engineers and plus analysis of FCC actions. attorneys, broadcast stations, emergency Street Television articles cover current de- stations, manufacturers. velopments in equipment, installa- City & Zone State tions,methods,andtechniques. Space devoted to television is being Treatmentofthesesubjectscovers My official position is: increased with the progress of the art. theory, design, planning, installation, op- Because the tremendous post-war Company radio expansion is concentrated in eration, and maintenance of FM broad- these two fields, FM and TELEVISION cast stations, home receivers, and com- NOTE: If you want your FM RADIO HANDBOOK is essential reading for everyone connected with this industry. Subscribe munications systems.Each subject is in the lifetime library binding, add $2.50 to the sub- NOW and get a FREE copy of the FM treated fully, and detailed with special scription prices above. Radio Handbook. drawings, large photographs. Denny for Porter instead. For example, Atlantic City, conditional grants and the issuance of Now OPA Administrator, and enjoy- originally down for two Community bona fide CPs to FM applicants was ing a high place in the Truman-Han- stations, is listed in the more than goo the finding by Commission engineers negan councils, former FCC Chairman conditional FM grants reported as of thatin many instancesequipment Paul A. Porter may be expected to today for two Metropolitan stations. specified in the application did not keep a weather eye on the Commission One of those channels, the FCC report- make adequate use of FM channels. -retaining perhaps a wistful, but prob- ed last month, comes from Philadelphia. Also, in other applications, the pro- ably vain hope, too, that he may return Another change inthe allocation posed service area was not consistent to the job one day. It was Porter who plan became known when the FCC with the allocation plan. engineered the appointment of 34 -year - ordered a hearing on Weshington's 14 That this was no one's fault was old Charles R. Denny, Jr. as his suc- applicants [as of Feb. 25]. The an- admitted by the Commission since, as cessor as acting chairman. This strata- nouncement indicated that they were its engineers stated, many of the ap- gem keeps the Denny -Jett career team plications were filed before the FM intact, offering the industry at least a allocations were finally determined. modicum of insurance against old-time To adjust these difficulties, the FCC political shenanigans. Denny is listed has been holding informal engineering as a Democrat, though as a native of conferences with applicants whose ap- voteless District of Columbia he has plications fall in this category. Upon never voted; he joined the Commission satisfactory adjustments, regular CPs legal staff only four years ago, became are to be issued. Where this problem general counsel, last year won a merit did not arise, CPs are to be granted appointment from President Roosevelt without further ado. as commissioner. Jett came up the hard way-a retired Naval officer who was Change in Standards first a subaltern on the Commission's Section 15, Requirements for Type engineeringstaff,rosetochiefen- ApprovalofModulationMonitors, gineer, was named commissioner on Standards of Good Engineering Prac- sheer merit despite the fact that he has ticeConcerning FM Broadcast Sta- no party affiliation. Next expiration is tions, was a tentative section when the Commissioner Walker's term, in June, engineering standards were first pub- but he is expected to be reappointed lished in September. Following con- without opposition; he is an Oklahoma ferences among engineers in the in- Democrat. dustry, a revised standard was drawn Courtesy Scripps -Howard Newspapers up and recently issued. Major change Deviationsfrom Allocations is the incorporation in the standard One egregious error in the alloca- vieing for the Capital'st ichannels, of more detailed specifications for the tion plan, and several deviations there- although in the plan Washington had indicating meter to be used with the from, testify anew to the scope of the been set for 12 channels. Again, as in modulation monitor. load the FCC is carrying in getting the case of Atlantic City, Winchester, FM broadcasting started. Va. is the lucky city having received the What to Do About Overlap The error, purely inadvertant, was deleted Washington channel. Reported A question that has been giving in listing Metropolitan Channel Nos. also by the FCC was the fact that FCC engineers pause concerns Area 264 and 266 for Philadelphia in the Hagerstown, Md.-another "Communi- II FM stations contiguous to Area I. allocation plan as published in our ty" city in the allocation plan, but For, if an Area II station which is February issue. Sharp eyes caught the assigned a conditional Metropolitan not limited in power nor antenna fact that those two channels were also grant-received its Metropolitan chan- height is near enough to the boun- listed for Wilmington, Del., a scant nel from York, Pa. daries of Area I, it is possible that its 20 miles away. They should not have In all the above cases, however, spe- signal will be laid down within an been down for the Quaker City and, cific channels reserved for conditional Area I community in competition with therefore, the proper listing for Phila- grantees are only tentative, and further its own stations, which are limited (20 delphia is13 Metropolitan channels changes may take place as subsequent kw, 50o ft. antenna height). and not 15, as indicated in the plan. grants are issued. That question may well bean- Deviations from the plan occur in a swered whentheWashington FM numberofinstanceswherecities, Applicants and CPs hearing is held in the near future. marked for Community stations, have One of the reasons for the FCC's Among the more than a dozen Wash- been grantedMetropolitanstations long delay between the issuance of ington applicants is the FM Develop -

MARCH, 1946 17 ment Foundation, seeking a5o kw told the committee, "that we are talk- Rural station at Vienna, Va. Vienna is ing about a billion dollar industry in For the Record... 18 miles from Washington, which thus FM, from the standpoint of receivers NEW antenna of WEAF-FM atop far is the southern boundary of Area I. and transmitters, and quite frankly we Empire State Bldg., is expected to FM Development Foundation con- do not have in the FM field a staff be ready early in March, thus enabling sistsof Maj. Edwin H. Armstrong, sufficient to give this industry the type NBC's first and only FM outlet to C. M. Jansky, and Stuart L. Bailey, all of service we want. Ideally, I would leading proponents of high power, like to see the Commission in a posi- resume operation; it will utilize only long range FM. Originally this appli- tion when a hearing would be disposed its newly assigned Channel No. 247 cation was for Olney, Md., with the of in go days, and a non -contested (97.3mc)....Metro-Goldwyn-Moyer's KTLO, Los Angeles, holder of pre-war thought that suchastation would matter in 30 days." cover both Washington and Baltimore. For FM, the Commission asked for CP for FM, sister station of parent company's WHNF, New York (Loew's However,withthelimitationson $280,184 for a staff of 70, as compared power and antenna height placed on with $124,575 for 33 employes devoted Inc.)is now under construction, ex- Area Istations, the backers decided to FM in the 1946 budget. pects to begin operating by May 1, has to move into Area II. The new loca- asked FCC for change in call to KMGM tion is at "Twin Oaks," the Virginia Can Conditional Be Sold? as soon as letters can be weaned away farmoftheir Washington counsel, Sale of a conditional grant-first of from maritime service.. . . Among Horace Lohnes, of Dow, Lohnes its kind-came to light last month when major motion picture interests seeking Albertson. Monroe B. England, licensee of AM FM areHughesProductions,forLos station WBRK and holder of a condi- Angeles and San Francisco; Balaban & Better Break on Procedure tional FM grant for Pittsfield, Mass., Katz(Paramount), for Chicago; Walt Target through the years of sharp asked the FCC to grant voluntary as- Disney Productions and Samuel Goldwyn are criticism over some ofitsarbitrary signment of both his AM license and also reported eyeing the field, along procedure on applications, the FCC his conditional FM grant to the West- with television....Capt. Gordon Gray, has issued a set of amended rules of ernMassachusettsBroadcasting Co. operator of pioneer WMIT, recently practice (Public Notice, Jan. 16, 1946) The reported price was $15o,000. out of Army which he entered as pri- which meet many of the objections, But the Berkshire Evening Eagle, vate, is seeking nomination for his old insure fairer play to applicants and which owns the Western Massachu- seat in North Carolina Senate;his should accelerate the granting of CPs. setts Broadcasting Co., new to radio, manager of WMIT and WSJS, Harold Changes were advocated by the Fed- isitself the holder of a conditional Essex, has been elected vice president eral Communications Bar Association grant, which it received just about the in charge of radio for Piedmont Pub- and worked out in harmony with time England's request was forwarded lishing Co., which also publishes the Commissionlegallights (Commis- to the Commission. Since the news- Winston-Salem Journal and Twin City sioner Denny, General Counsel Hyde, paper's conditional is for a Commu- Sentinel.... Herbert C. Florence, just Assistant General Counsel Plotkin, et nity station and England's isfor a out of Navy, formerly with NBC and al).For thefirsttime, lawyers say Metropolitan station, it is likely that WNYC in New York, has been named they are getting a proper break for the publishing company will drop its chief engineer of Capt. William G. H. their clients as against heretofore anti- grant, if its purchase of the England Finch's WGHF, New York. ...Unity quated legalities of the sort that would property is approved. The usual 6o - BroadcastingCorp., subsidiary of David make the term "snafu" only mildly day advertisingfor other bids was Dubinsky's International Ladies' Gar- rhetorical in their lexicon. agreed upon. ment Workers Union, is now seeking Major changes include protection FM stationsinSt.Louis and Los of licensee, when new applicant seeks Curb onCommercials Angeles as well as New York, Boston, facility that might cause interference, A recommendation to reduce the Philadelphia and Chicago.... The man by bringing in existing operator auto- amount of commercial time in five- whosparkeddevelopmentofthe matically as party to hearing. Changes minute news broadcasts and in par- new Philco Advanced FM Circuit, also set up plan for granting new ap- ticipationor similar programs, was WilliamE.Bradleyis now director of plications, without hearing, when ap- approved bythe NAB's boardof research of the Philco Corp., succeed- plicantisobviouslyqualifiedand directorsatitsrecentmeetingin ing David B. Smith, elevated to vice grant would not interfere with exist- LosAngeles. The proposal,which president in charge of engineering. ing facility nor close out territory to will be submitted to the NAB con- ...J.E. Nelson is now sales manager possible future applicants. Conditional vention at Chicago in October, speci- for transmitting and industrial tubes grant to applicant who feels assured of fiesalimitof20%ofbroadcast in General Electric's Electronics Dept., result of hearing is also permitted, at time reserved for commercials on pro- working under E. H. Fritschel, division grantee's own risk. grams of this type. Five-minute news- sales manager. ... Edward Classen, Jr., casts are now limited to11/2 minutes with Zenith Radio Corp. for to years Budgets Bigger Staff or 30% of the total. and associated with the construction If there is any doubt about the im- A general recommendation that em- of its WWZR, Chicago, has become portance of FM in the minds of the phasis be given to improved program- FM sales engineer with REL Equip- FCC, turn to the text of the hearing ming and the quality of advertising ment Sales Inc., Chicago representa- before the House Committee on Ap- writing wasalsoapproved bythe tive of Ratko Engineering Laboratories propriations, issued recently with its board. While the implications of the Inc. . . . Five more FM stations in 1947 budget recommendations. FCC recommendation are not too clear, it Michigan-in Grand Rapids, Lansing, asked for $6,o86,000, was recommended was construed in some circles as an Kalamazoo, Flint, Saginaw-are being for $5,560,000. This is a half million expression of a desire on the part of sought by John Lord Booth, operator of more than it got in 1946 and almost broadcasters for a general house clean- pioneer FM station WLOU, Detroit. $4,000,000 more than itreceived in ing to pacify some of the vigorous . .. FCC has approved Philadelphia prewar 1939. public criticism being directed against Inquirer's $1,900,000 purchase of WFIL "Ithink," FCC Chairman Porter radio advertising. and WFIL-FM.

18 FMJOURNAL the little book that shocked ussilly

FUNNY THING, really, but somehow the idea got The Boss was right. The little book of facts on around in the beginning-that is, the beginning of WBAM and FM just shocked us silly. WBAM, in New York-that FM listeners were essen- But that study was helpful, and it saved WBAM tially "social" and, financially, quite well heeled with lots of time and hard cash in bringing WBAM listen- green stuff. In fact, the idea was pretty generally cur- ers the kind of programming they wanted-and pretty rent wherever we bent an inquiring ear. much still do, for that matter. "Now, look," said The Boss, "/ know it's not so. Later on we published the results in a book called, Maybe that's just instinct, but you'll find that the facts "A Study of FM Listening". It was mailed to every will prove it." FM and AM station operator in the land. It won gar- Well, sir, we called in a firm named Paul W. Stewart lands. It won praise. It pulled such comment as: & Associates in 1942. They were quite white -tie when "A wonderful handbook!" "Gosh, this is what we it came to research and as accurate as a radar pickup. needed." P W. S's people dropped in on 1000 FM set owners in A very limited number of the little books are left WBAM's area. They completed 203 personal conver- here at WBAM. Of course, the material's about two sations that covered everything from "What are your and a half years old, but the basic thinking doesn't age. favorite FM programs?" to "How old is your FM set?" We still think it's a rather nifty job. Would you like and "What's the family income?" a copy? just write or call WOR'S FM STATION wbam AT 444 MADISON A VENUE, IN NEW YORK braries, and also found it difficult to Zenith's New Tone Arm Meets secure enough acceptable material to Exacting Requirements of FM fill its daily schedule. COBRA "Therefore, in spite of the mechanical limitations of phonograph records, NAMED the Cobra because of its then AM, totell them of the new WWZR began using carefully selected shape "and because it has no rat- development and offer to tool up and recordings onitsfeatureprograms. tle in its tail," Zenith Radio Corpora- go into production on a special studio This meant filtering to reduce surface tion's new tone arm for broadcasting tone arm if enough stations wanted it. noise and consequent loss of fidelity. phonograph records was developed to Estimating the selling price at $25o, But the public is so much more con- meet the exacting standards of its FM McDonald offered to take payment in cerned with musical quality than with station WWZR, Chicago. But a com- commercial announcements for Zenith technical excellence, that the record bination of circumstances and a novel products. programs became outstanding favor- advertising trade deal with broadcast- Within a month Zenith had orders ites. Our first one -hour program featur- ers, conceived by Zenith's president, for 752 Cobras, went into production ing records exclusively was voted best Comdr. E. F. McDonald, Jr., has led to and has been delivering them ever of all programs on our schedule." its current use by hundreds of broad- since. Zenith thereupon began research to- casting stations, both FM and AM, Born of Necessity ward developing a pickup that would throughout the United States. Asexplainedby TedLeitzell, play phonograph records with all of Shortlyafterthefirsthand -made the fidelity that was in them, without models were installed, Walter Damm WWZR manager, his station for the last six years has been concentrating surface noise and without the tracking heard them in action and urgently re- errors that plagued many tone arms. quested a pair for his Milwaukee FM on fine music only on a daily schedule of 12-171/2 hours. During the first year The job was assigned to a young Aus- station WTMJ-FM. A day or so later, (Continued on page 47) Ed Craney, the ebullient young oper- of operation WWZR used only high ator of stations in Montana and Ore- fidelitytranscriptionsfromlibrary gon, called on Comdr. McDonald and services."Unfortunately,"saidLeit- asked to look it over. Zenith's engineer- zell,"themusical,asdistinguish2d ing vice president, G. E. Gustafson, frcm the technical, quality of the tran- lost a hat to McDonald by backing scriptions is not too high. The great- Craney in his statement that a selec- est orchestras, ensemble groups and tion was being broadcast from a tran- artistsare available on phonograph scription instead of from the ordinary libraries. WWZR found a substant:al phonograph record being played. Im- percentage of duplication between li- mediately, Craney requested Cobras for his stations, too. There followed several more requests resulting from word-of-mouth publicity, which impelled McDonald to write to radio station managers, first FM and

INVENTOR HenryP. Kalmus demonstrates the Cobra tone arm. Circuit representation of the Cobra system's heart is shown below. WDRC Plans Static -Free

Broadcasting WDRC-FM, ATOP MERIDEN MOUNTAIN, SCANS NEW HORIZONS 'FrequencyModulated' Transmitter toBe Tried Called Vast at Meriden When Major Edwin H. Armstrong's Frequency Modulation Improvement created a "revolution in radio," WDRC, Inc., built experimental series of experi- station W1XPW and became the first regular broadcaster to The start of athat will be free mental broadcastsinterrupting noisesof utilize the FM system. of static and early any kindwill be undertaken this spring byStation WDRC, W1XPW's initial historic broadcast was on May 13,1939.It Franklin M. Doolittle,presiden and announcedTuesday.The marked the beginning of the widespread acceptance of FM. broadcaststreasurer, will be onan experimen- will be from thesta- tal basis and station,W1XPW A regular schedule of fine programs now goes on the air under tion's experimentalMountain, Meri- located on Meridenis describedby the new call letters of WDRC-FM., from the station that first den. The systema "vast improve- Mr. Doolittle as radio reception. sent out FM programs, after the inventor's own station at Alpine, ment" over presentstation will use The experimentaltype of transmis- New Jersey. a revolutionarythe "frequency sion, known asinvented by Major modulated" type professor of WDRC Inc., will continue to lead, in pioneering the best in Edwin H. Armstrong, electrical engineeringat Columbia radio. WDRC Incorporated, operating WDRC and WDRC-FM. University. Mr.Doolittle's announcement came onthe heels of Monday by Ma the announcement inven- jor Armstrongof this newest tion of his thatwill revolutionize the entire radioindustry.

COURANT FROM THEHARTFORD January 19,1939 WDRC-FM HARTFORD 4, CONNECTICUT_i

MARCH, 1946 21 be blasted out of the side right up to the top. It's up to the station to keep the road open throughout the bitter, snow -laden winters. Boys were hired to operate a snow plow which is in constant use throughout the winter months to keep the road open. It is the only link with the nearest inhabit- ed locality, the town of Marion, so miles away, where transmitter personnel must travel to get food and sup- plies. WMIT The existence of this hardy group of radio people who run and maintain the WMIT transmitteronClingman's Peak, verges on almost complete isola- IDEALISTIC, known to be better than those of exist- tion. Their only neighbors are a hand- some radio people ing telephone lines, and (2) It was not ful of U. S. Weather Bureau personnel called it. Foolish, possible to obtain a land line in the on Mt. Mitchell.Because of atmos- said others. rugged Blue Ridge Mountains without pheric conditions, telephone service be- But asfaras prohibitive construction and mainte- tween the transmitter and Winston- Gordon Gray was nance expense. Salem is virtually impossible.Recog- concerned, t h e The GE relay transmitter is on the nizing this fact, the FCC has allowed idea for an FM roof of the Reynolds Tobacco Build- them to use their transmitter and fre- stationin Wins- ing, 21 stories above the Winston-Salem quency for communication via the STL ton-Salem, N. C., Street level and 116 airline miles from on maintenance matters before and af- back in 1939, was Clingman's Peak-just about the maxi- ter the station's broadcasting period. Gordon Gray neitheridealistic mum distance an FM wave can be re- nor foolish. It was ceived without being intercepted by $130,000 Investment born out of a crying need for adequate the earth, according to Paul Dillon, the An idea of what the builders of radio service in the broad mountainous station's chief engineer. It was the first WMIT were up against in placing their areas serviced by this thriving little time in the short history of FM, said transmitter on Clingman's Peak may city of some 8o,000 inhabitants. Gor- Mr. Dillon, that radio relay had been be perceived from the fact that it cost don Gray set out to provide it. employed successfully on Soo me over Gordon Gray approximately $13o,000 This young, soft-spoken gentleman such a distance. to put the station on the air. All the of the South, one of North Carolina's The job of building a transmitter building foundations are on bedrock leading citizens and businessmen, pub- near the summit of precipitous Cling - and a great deal of dynamite had to lisher of Winston-Salem's two dailies man's Peak was a back -breaking one. be employed before the site was cleared and owner of AM station WSJS, leaned The top of the densely wooded moun- and made ready. Water for use at the back in his swivel chair and explained tain had to be cleared, and, before any transmitter has to be pumped by elec- why he built WMIT, "the pioneer FM equipment could be moved up its tricity from a point 1,600 feet from the station of the Southeast." slopes, a road, 11/4 miles long, had to building and 600 feet below its eleva- "I started WMIT because FM of- tion. fered me the opportunity to provide ra- CLEARING the building site for the WMIT The antenna was erected while tem- dio service to listeners who were not transmitteratopClingman'sPeak,N.C. peraturesrangedbelowzero,with able to get good AM reception. It was an opportunity to bring to these rural people in the mountains the educational and cultural benefits of radio which had previously been denied them."

Atop 6,571 -Ft. Mountain With that idea uppermost in mind, Gordon Gray applied to the Commis- sion for a license to build and operate a 5o kw FM rural station. The application was approved and construction of WMIT began in November, 1941, atop Clingman's Peak, N. C., a 6,571 -foot site within three miles of Mt. Mitchell, highest point east of the Mississippi. Studiofacilitieswereduplicated with those of WSJS in Winston-Salem and an STL (studio transmitter link) was decided upon to pipe program service from the studios to distant Cling - man's Peak for two reasons:(1) The audio frequency range andfidelity characteristics of such a system were

22 winds of high velocity threatening to shortages brought on by the war. Be- uproot everything. Riggers spent no fore delivery could be made on the 5o more than ten minutes at a time aloft. kw transmitter, war broke out.The The job was finally done and today, government held it up and then took despite the fact that it is deeply im- it over for its own use. Despite the bedded in the bedrock, the antenna has fact that the original CP was issued for been seen to sway more than three a 5o kw station, the FCC under its new feet at the top where its diameter is ap- allocations, authorized a 1 kwtransmit- proximately eight inches. Incidentally, terwith a power output of 3,000 watts since the antenna towers above adja- on 44.1 mc. itisthe highest cent Mt. Mitchell, Tube Difficulties point east of the Mississippi. One of the big jobs that had to be The custom-made tubes for the STL performed by this rugged band of wereoriginallydesignedforradar builders was that of moving three 9,- equipment, and, during the war, the 000 -pound diesel generators up the station found it difficult to get replace- mountain.Two were hauled up in ments. On one occasion, tube trouble irA ton trucks by the foreman of the put the relay transmitter out of com- constructionjob. The other, which mission. Bob Estes, then program man- was to be brought up by the supplier, ager of WMIT, kept the station on the was slow in arriving.The foreman, air by broadcasting from the emergency who was anxiously awaiting delivery, transmitterstudiofortwoweeks. hiked seven miles down the mountain WMIT finally obtained a Triple A to find all trace of men and machines priority from the government and af- gone. It seems the men were fright- ter weeks of time-consuming negotia- ened by thetreacherous road and tions, the tubes were finally delivered. weather, and left, going back loo miles WMIT is not an affiliate of WSJS, to their company's home office. despite the fact that it uses the former's studio facilities. The FM station is Underground Oil Tanks the personal operation of Gordon Gray. To run thegenerators,fouroil WSJS is one of the properties of the tanks, each with a capacity of 3o,000 Piedmont Publishing Co., of which Mr. gallons, had to be moved up the moun- Gray ispresident, chairman of the tain.Twowereinstalled above board and principal stockholder. A ground, two below; the reason being physical separation of the two stations a at oil freezes at low temperatures and is contemplated as soon as additional can't be pumped into the generators. space is available. During the winter, the oil from the un- Station WMIT, which is on the air derground tanks is used and during the seven days a week, from 3 p.m. to 11:15 spring and summer the thawed -out oil p.m.,doesnotduplicate many of the storage tanks above ground is WSJS's programs. The FM station orig- piped into the underground tanks. Ap- inates approximately seven hoursof proximately 15,000 gallons a year are programming daily. It publishes a sep- used to run the generators. arate rate card and has an area cover- The transmitter building, for which age of nearly 70,000 square miles. Its a sewage disposal system had tobe programs are received in seven states built,containsatransmitter room, -Tennessee, SouthCarolina, North studio office, shop, storage space and Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, West Vir- living quarters. The permanent living ginia and Virginia. quarters are on a lower level and in- Just before the freeze on the man- clude two bedrooms with a bath, a liv- ufacture of sets, a survey by the sta- ing room, kitchenette -dinette, pantry tion revealed that there were approxi- and foyer. Mr. Dillon and his family of mately 3,000 FM receivers in its ser- three, including two young children vice area. Today, it is estimated that livetherepermanently.Additional WMIT reaches about 4,00o FM homes. housing facilities have been set up for FM was a Godsend to the inhabi- the men who maintain the transmitter tants of the neighboring Blue Ridge and keep the road open. Mountains, they will tell you. People The emergency studio at the trans- in the mountainous areas wrote con- mitter, contains a complete record li- stantly to the station, saying that they brary so that transcriptions may be had never been able to enjoy radio be- played from the mountain station it- fore WMIT went on the air. self in the event the STL fails. At Greystone Inn, in the little com- Since WMIT did not go on the air munity of Roaring Gap, 6o miles out until June, 1942, its adolescent years of Winston-Salem, propagation charac- were replete with the difficulties and (Continued on page 45)

UPPER RIGHT: Foreman Morgan atop bottom LOWER RIGHT: Rigging is used to hoist the pale section of antenna during construction. first section of the steel mast inn, position.

MARCH, 1946 IT'S NOT JUST AROUND T

See the New

rGe-) With T ZENITH RADI I 30 Years of "Know -How' BROADCASTING BEGANCONTRIBUTION TOTHE GREATESTRADIO SINCE E CORNER - MI IT'S HERE! 0 BANDin Radionics CORPORATIONFM Exclusively Channel Markings Favored ALTHOUGH the board of directors of the Radio Manufacturers As- sociation took no action on the subject of channel vs.frequency mark- ingsfor FM receiversatitsrecent meeting inChicago,itlooksasif channel markings will be the accepted practice when FM setsstart rolling off the assembly lines. Submitted to the RMA board was Dual FM Band Operators the proposed I M system would be of the result of a survey which showed value toallpublic agencies in the UNTIL the FCC tells them naye, 24 that47 companies favored channel of the 53 pioneer FM stations, re- State, without competing with com- markings, with only 19 manufacturers mercial radio stations. sponding to a questionnaire, report they in favor of frequency markings. Most intend operating on their old (lower - In Los Angeles, FM radioisalso of the large set makers were among band) channels as well as their new under consideration for use in schools. the47,although some indicateda [see old and new assignments in direc- Superintendent Vierdin Kersey, in a preference for a dual system. Several tory in February issue]. The rest pre- report to the board of education, de- declared that they would follow the sumably will operate only on their new scribed the possibilities of the medium industry's trend. upper -bandfrequencies,abandoning and urged a study of educational pro- Zenith AM -FM table combination, old assignments. grams now presented in the East. used as an exhibit at the recent FCC All but four of the 24 stated they are hearing on its petition to widen the already on their new channels, which FM in Education FM allocation by including a 50-mc means two -band operation. The four wITH an eye to the large role the band, carried frequency markings only. FCC hasallottededucation with theirprojected new frequency in Programming for FM startingdateswherereportedare: the FM picture, the Transmitter Di- WWZR, Chicago, Zenith Radio Corp., vision of the General Electric Com- QINCEFM receivers are tentatively no starting date specified; WFMN, Al- pany's Electronics Dept. has prepared L.) scheduled to be on the market by pine, N. J., Maj, Edwin H. Armstrong, a new booklet, "Electronics for Edu- spring, Chicago Tribune's WGNB has no date specified; WBCA, Schenectady, cation," which answers many pertinent prepared a number of new "live" pro- N. Y., Capitol Broadcasting Co., about questions now being asked by inter- grams designed to introduce listeners May 1; WSM-FM, Nashville, National ested educators. tothe realism of FM broadcasting. Life & Accident Insurance Co., April. The pamphlet, with plenty of pic- Five of the programs made their de- but during January and were well re- The others, all reporting they are torial material, stresses in a concise fashion the large role FM can play in ceived by Windy City FMers. already using their new as well as their Ever since itfirst went on the air old frequencies, are: education. Mindful of the lack of know- how among educators when it comes in July of1941, WGNB has main- WDRC-FM, Hartford, Conn. \VDRC Inc. tained a healthy, wide-awake attitude WGNB, Chicago. The Chicago Tribune. to radio, GE has made the most com- \VOWO-FM, Fort Wayne, Ind. Westinghouse plex truths appear simple. toward FM. Its promotion has been WABW, Indianapolis. Associated Broadcasters. both intelligent and effective, as indi- WBZ-FM, Boston. Westinghouse. Itis WBZA-FM, Springfield, Mass. Westinghouse. interesting to note that the cated by the very vigorous response of WGTR, Worcester, Mass. Yankee Network. company placed a good deal of em- WENA, Detroit. The Detroit News. its listeners. Last May the stationis- KMBC-FM, Kansas City. Midland Broadcasting. phasis on the real economy of FM. GE sued an FM program guide which was WNBF-FM, Binghamton, N. Y. Wylie B. Jones is not one to underestimate the po- Adv. Agency. distributed to some 4,000 FM set own- WABF, New York. Metropolitan Television Inc. tential equipment market educational WQXQ, New York. Interstate Broadcasting Co. ers. Inquiries began to pour in from WHEF, Rochester, N. Y. WHEC Inc. FM offers the manufacturer. people who did not own FM receivers, WHFM, Rochester, N. Y. Stromberg-Carlson. WMIT, Winston-Salem, N. C. Gordon Gray. Copies of the booklet are available asking how they could hear WGNB WELD, Columbus, 0. RadiOhio Inc. free on request to the Publicity Sec- programs. Thestationlauncheda KY\V-FM, Philadelphia. Westinghouse. WFIL-FM, Philadelphia. WFIL Broadcasting Co. tion, GE Electronics Dept., Thompson "Share Your FM" campaign, encour- KDKA-FM, Pittsburgh. Westinghouse. Road Plant, Syracuse, N. Y. (Continued on page 28) WTMJ-FM, Milwaukee. The Journal Co.

Virginia State Network ASURVEY dealing with the advis- ability of setting up an FM network for educational purposes in Vir- ginia,requested by Dr. Dabney F. Lancaster,Statesuperintendentof public instruction,has been recommended in the form of a bill before the Virginia StateLegislature. The Legislature was also askedto make necessary appropriations for the network's operation. The Virginia plan is modeled afterthat projected for Wisconsin, which plans seven stations keyed from the University of Wisconsin. PROGRAM IDEAS are discussed and broadccsting problems worked out in staff meetings each Dr. Lancaster has pointed out that week at WGNB, Chicago. Marion Claire(inthelightsuit) isdirectorofthestation.

26 FMJOURNAL Thenewdual approach to the WORLD'S GREATEST QUALITY MARKET

ear. .See. .and Read

This new FM station (now being equip- sitized paper, which can be read at leisure ment- and program -tested) will cover the and kept for reference. quality high spots of greater New York The combined sound and printed fac- with selected high-fidelity aural programs simile programs of WGHF will include PLUS FINCH FACSIMILE. the finest in music, art, literature, science, `Finch Facsimile' means: illustrated illustrated news, sports, features and com- printed matter sent by radio to homes and mentaries-besides printed and illustrated there reproduced on rolls or sheets of sen- advertising. Write for time reservations NOW!

WGHF10 EAST 40th STREET, NEW YORK 16, N. Y. W. G. H. FINCH, OWNER LE 2-8684

MARCH, 1946 27 MODULATIONS companyofficials,this new speaker (Continued from page 26) provides for a much higher quality of aging owners of FM radios to invite reproduction than ever achieved be- their friends to listen on their sets. fore-particularlyfor FM and high The appeals go something like this: quality phonograph reproduction. "Because of production delays, only a The type H Jensen Coaxial consists few FM receiving sets are expected to of two units, each reproducing a por- be on the market until late this spring tion of the total frequency range. A or early summer. Meantime, we know compression -type high -frequency unit your friends will appreciate the op- is attached to the back of a 15 -inch portunity to hear this new, static -free, direct -radiator low -frequency unit. The velvet -toned medium of broadcasting, horn for the hf unit is formed by a passage through the core of the if unit. so that they will make certain their FEDERAL'scenterfrequencystabilization is new radio has an FM band." This new coaxialloudspeaker and modulatorunitfor FM transmitters. currently being tooled for production Zenith's 'Powerline' Antenna and will be available shortly tore- Transmitter Technique ceiver manufacturers. Radio's exhibit at the re- THE solution of one of the major ZENITHcentChicagoFurnitureMart problems in FM transmitters-sta- caused quite a stir among dealers fol- New FM Chassis bility of the mean frequency-as well lowing the unveiling of two major rilEIE Magnavox Co., Fort Wayne, as an improved method of direct fre- FM innovations.Demonstratedto 1 Ind., has come up with a happy quency modulation, has been accom- dealers was a new AM -FM table model answer to those who object to the plished by the development of a center receiver(with the two FM bands), manufacture of straight AM receivers frequency stabilization unit and an with a built-in FM "powerline" an- on the grounds that the inevitable improved FM modulator by engineers tenna which does away with outside acceptance of FM will make them obso- of the Federal Radio & Telephone dipole installations. lete within a few years. Corp.Employing standardreceiver The other top feature in Zenith's Company engineers have designed tubes and containing only two tuned exhibit was the "Cobra Tone Arm" for and made ready for produttion a pow- circuits, the stabilizing unit reportedly transcriptionturntables and record erful two -band FM receiver forin- performs well within the limits estab- players. By the use of electromagnetic stallation in Magnavox radio -phono- lished by the FCC. waves,companyengineersdevised graph combinations. The receiver is a An added phenomenon, claimed by a new method of relaying the sound separate eight -tube chassis that can be Federal, is the fact that the modulator vibrations of the record to the audio installed whenthecombinationis not only converts the audio voltage system of the receiver or transmitter. purchased, or later when FM broad- into the desired frequency variations, According to Zenith, this new devel- casting reaches the purchaser's locality. but also acts in conjunction with the opment virtually eliminates needle and Becausethis FM chassisisinde- stabilization unit to accurately main- surface noise and increases tone fidel- pendent of the standard broadcast retain the carrier frequency. ity. (See story on page 20.) ceiver, the FM receiver can be turned off when not in use, thus saving wear Westinghouse Radio Shifts Coaxial Speaker Realism on valuable tubes. WESTINGHOUSE Electric Corp., FIRSTof a new series of postwar in addition to having a new president, Gwilym A. Price, has changed coaxial speakers was announced re- 'Magic Eye' Facsimile cently by the Jensen Radio Manufac- the setup ofits subsidiary Westing- turing Co., Chicago loudspeaker de- APATENT covering a Cathode house Radio Stations Inc., licensee of signersandbuilders.Accordingto Ray FacsimileReceiver,which itssix AM and five FM stations- uses the principle of the "magic eye" largest group of FMs at present oper- in facsimile recording, has been issued ated by any one company. Succeeding to Capt. William G. H. Finch, presi- Lee B. Wailes, resigned to join Fort dent of Finch Telecommunications Industry Co.(George B. Storer) as Inc., and owner of FM station WGHF, assistant general manager, JohnB. New York. (Steve) Conley in latter February took The new receiver, according to com- over as manager of all broadcasting pany engineers, makes possibleex- activities, coming from KEX, Portland, tremely simple and inexpensive fac- Ore. (only Westinghouse AM station simile recording at high speeds, and not yet having an FM affiliate). F. M. grew out of exhaustive research by the (Todd) Sloane, formerly with KYW and Finch Laboratories in the development WBZ and recently at the Baltimore of the cathode ray tube for use in plant, became assistant manager. Col. facsimile.Thepatent,alongwith John A. Holman, Army Signal Corps others pending, permit the advantage Reserve, just out after five years serv- of the instantaneous reception of tele- ice,is now manager for FM. F. P. vision systems to be combined with the (Pete) Nelson has established Wash- benefits of facsimile recording. ington offices at 1625 K St., NW, as Company engineersfeelthatthe fieldrepresentative. George Harder, new system, which provides for clear also newly discharged from the Army, and sharply defined pictures, will be is public relations manager. Westing- less expensive and more positive in its house Radio Stations Inc.,is under operation than the present more com- direct supervision of Walter Evans, Schematic of Jensen Speaker plicated mechanical facsimile systems. vice president and general manager.

28 FMJOURNAL What makesa magazineclick?

We dropped our maiden issue of FREQUENCY MODULATION into the mails last month as breathlessly as a playwright awaiting the critics' verdict on opening night. The reports are in (the earliest are published on page 37) and FREQUENCY MODULATION is assured a long run. About as long, we'd say, as FM itself.

What makes FREQUENCY MODULATION click is your acceptance of it. Which is a way of saying that you approve the format, the editorial content and our concept of what the journal of the business of Frequency Modulation should be. We're trying to turn out something livelier, meatier and more readable than generally is the lot of a trade publication. The stimulating new FM industry warrants it.

FREQUENCY MODULATION, a magazine that clicks with readers, clicks with advertisers, too. If your stock in trade is time on the air, broadcast equipment, programs, or any one of the many facets of the business of Frequency Modulation, you'll find the magazine an apt market place. For advertising data write Edward Codel, 103 Park Avenue, New York 17.

100% for and about FM MOKLITIff FACSIMILE (Continued from page 7) the production of complete combination facsimile -and -sound receiving sets, much likethe combination phonograph -and -radioreceiversthathave long been on the market. As to performance, one may reason- Whichwa ably expect the transmission of four sheets, each made up of four standard- width newspaper columns, in each 15- ( does the minutebroadcastingperiod.That would permit the electronic delivery, wind blow in hourly and direct to the home, of a i6 -page newspaper or magazine con- DETROIT? taining some 15,000 words of text or equivalent pictorial matter. Finally, what are the economic im- plicationsoffacsimiletothe FM A PRE-WARdrum -type scannersuitable broadcaster? There are three sets of for facsimile transmission over AM or FM. economic relations that always interest the station owner. He wants to know the investment needed to get Voday, in Detroit, the into this new kind of visual broad- ADVERTISING POTENTIAL casting, the daily expense of operating (Continued from page 14) most listened -to FM sta- the service, and whether he can sell have -and -have-not story, and the com- tion is WENA. On the air enough advertising space to meet ex- parison of the advertisers position to all through the war years penses and amortize the investment. that of present AM station owners still Of course there is no single answer to applies. The owner of a very high- with station and commer- any of these questions, but itis evi- powered, multiple -market AM station cially -sponsoredpro- dent that both the investment and the is not overly anxious to see the day operating costs will be far less than when most broadcasting is FM, and he grams, WENA has so those involved in the only other form restricted to a single market outlet. familiarized Detroiters of visual broadcasting, namely, tele- He knows that come that day, the only with its name that it only vision. way he can retain leadership in his area is to outprogram every other com- needs more FM receivers Little Added Cost Necessary peting station. And his present adver- to sweep on to new heights tisers know it too; it is therefore to the in the FM field. And when The FM sound broadcaster already advantage of both these parties to do has his studios and transmitter. To what they can to maintain the status these receivers are avail- begin facsimile broadcasting, he needs quo. Opposed to them are the owner able, no market will give only the terminal equipment, which of the small low -powered station and greater acceptance to FM should not cost him more than $20,- the advertiser who cannot obtain time 000 at the outside. His operating ex- on the larger station. This situation in than Detroit, because of penses can be what he makes them, turn applies in manifold when it comes Detroiters' eagerness to from a minimum representing the cost to networks and national advertisers. always keep a step ahead of keeping his transmitter on the air Fancy the joy of an advertiser-the fel- plus a "program department" com- low who has been beating his agency in the changing world. prising a bright girl with a typewriter, over the head for three years to get a pair of scissors and a paste -pot. him a good night-time half-hour slot How much income can be derived on CBS or NBC-upon being confront- from the broadcast facsimile publica- ed with the prospect of ten national networks, each with the same coverage Michigan's tion, will of course depend upon how much space can be sold and at what potential. Pioneer rates, and the rates per column or per FM Station page will depend upon the size of the Programming Rates High facsimile "audience,"or,inother The advertiser places very little val- words, on the circulation of the pub- ue upon the high fidelity characteris- lication. When oneconsidersthat tics of FM reception. Itis an asset, many publications are profitable with of course, and the fundamental reason WENA circulations of only a few thousand, why the public will buy FM receivers and that normal radio audience fig- and tune in an FM station over an Owned and Operated by ures are in tens or hundreds of thou- AM one. But the advertiser is not kid- THE DETROIT NEWS sands, it seems reasonable to conclude ding himself a bit. He knows that very that the economic path of the facsimile few FM receiver owners will tune in broadcaster will not be exceptionally FM over a highly popular program associate station ... WWJ thorny. that is being broadcast on AM exclu-

30 FMJOURNAL sively.If the audience can get the because of recent discoveries and re- same program on FM, it will of course finements in the principles and factors preferit. But the radio audience is of successful marketing. The revolu- fundamentally interested in programs, tionary success of some of theseso- not perfect reception, and the adver- called"vertical" or local campaigns tiser is aware of it. His basic attitude would seem to indicate that an adver- on this score is viciously practical; he tiser might do well to resort to them willadvertise on the medium that exclusively. This has not been worked snags the greatest audience-the how out or testedverythoroughly, but or why of obtaining that audience is thereis a trend of thought inthis a matter of total indifference to him. direction.If FM stations can go to One thingthatmostadvertisers work and build up good programs of know very little about is the relation local interest, they can of course capi- between FM and facsimile. But those talize on this advertising development. who do are highly interested. What the actual potential of facsimile is, no Competition Inevitable one knows, least of all an advertiser. In condusion I would like to stress But even its limited potential is a fas- one particular point. While there are dnating prospect tothe advertising many unknowns and uncertainties to mind. Even without "multiplex" trans- the future of broadcasting, no one I mission, there is a place for facsimile think will deny that it is going to be in the advertising scheme of things. highly competitive. About 95% of the Shouldan FM stationchooseto homes inthiscountryarealready "broadcast"facsimilebetweenthe equipped with AM radios. And into hours of midnight and 7 a.m. and turn those same homes in the next few years out a sheet containing news, editorial will go nearly all the FM and television features, a comic strip or two, and per- receivers that are sold. This spells one 96.1 MEGACYCLES haps an over -the -breakfast -coffeegos- thing-competition. Even if AM broad- sip column, I see no reason why it casting falls by the wayside except for CHANNEL 241 should not be able to sell a good bit a dozen or so stations, the remaining of the space to advertising. The possi- 1,00o to 4,000 FM stations are going to bilities that "multiplex" transmission have to scrap for audiences and for ad- opens up are innumerable-everything vertisingbusiness-notonlyamong fromcookingrecipesto"send -in" themselves, but against television, too. FOR coupons could be transmitted and put There is enough audience undoubt- in the audiences' hands at the same edly-enough to support all broadcast- GREATER -NEW YORK time of the program. ing media totheir completefulfil- The great unknown offacsimile, ment; but it will not come of its own COVERAGE however, is the cost factor involved in accord to any greater extent than it has the original purchase and maintenance come for AM radio. It must be drawn of receivers. If they can be sold to the out by highly competitive program- public for a reasonable price, or in- ming. The advertiser is, or soon will be corporated in FM receivers at a slight well aware of this, and he knows that TWO MINUTES OF mark-up in cost, and owners can main- an FM station owner's fight to gain tain them with little effort or expense, and hold an audience is his fight too. HEADLINE then they could sell and should pro- In the final analysis, it must be rec- vide a strong advertising market. But ognized that the advertiser will always as in the case of FM, that market will spend his money on the medium and NEWS HOURLY have to be there before the advertiser the station and the program where he is going to consider it worthy of much receives the most audience for the least of a spot on his budget. money-that is the first and foremost principle of advertising, the one that Commercial an- Local Advertising Trend has always been followed with only nouncements limi- rare exceptions, and the one that will What FM will or can bring forth in certainly apply to FM. ted - one -minute the way of "vertical" or specialized markets to offer the advertiser remains spots, with a maxi- to be seen. So far, it has offered little more than an upper -income audience CUI BONO? mum of six spots per oflimitedproportions-goodfora [From the N. Y. Herald Tribune] hour. local perfume -maker perhaps, but not By the banks of the Potomac a tit in a much use to the national advertiser tree selling a mass market product. It has Sang "'Trillo, Petrillo, Petrillo." And I said, "Little birdie, your song used MUZAK been the practice, however, in recent to be yearsforadvertisersto supplement 'Titwillow, titwillow, titwillow.' " their nation-wide campaigns innet- The tomtit retorted, in tones of disgust, RADIO BROADCASTING work radio and national magazines "E Pluribus Unum, it can't be discussed, STATION, INC. We sing what democracy says that we with local, special campaigns designed must -- to boost salesin weak or doubtful Petrillo, Petrillo, Petrillo!" 70 Pine Street, New York 5, N.Y. areas. This approach has come about -Frank Lynn

MARCH, 1946 31 ANTENNA on WHNF's 280 -ft. tower has broadcast programs over New York area since'42. Station recently reconverted to 99.3 mc.

GE's BIG THREE on AM -FM -TV sales appear NEAR RCA CAMDEN PLANT, WFIL-FM gets new test modelTF3-B transmitter for new channel with FCC's Dr. Lynde Wheeler. They are (I to r) (103.1 mc) operation. Inspecting if are (I to r) Dick Seitz and Louis E. Littlejohn, WFIL-FM; Wilbom W. R. David, AM -FM equipment; Dr. Wheeler; Tucker, RCA. Lower photo: Horn antenna used on AT&T New York -Boston radio repeater links. P. G. Caldwell, TV; and J. D. McLean, sales chief. Applicants for New FM Broadcasting Stations

These are the applicants who have filed with the Federal as of Feb.25,1946 Communications Commission for FM outlets in the communities designated. Symbols denote Conditional Grants already, issued. Dagger (-) indicates Metropolitan station. Double dagger (t) indicates Metropolitan, pcssibly Rural station.Asterisk (°)indicates Community station. AM affiliation,ifany,is, listed. Newspaper affiliation, if any, is also stated separately unless it is impli:it in name of applicant company.

LOS ANGELES-The Hollywood Community Radio Group, 1655 ALABAMA N. Cherokee St., Hollywood, Cal. ANNISTON-tHarry M. Ayers, 1330 Noble St. Anniston Star. LOS ANGELES-Hughes Productions, a Division of the Hughes WHMA. Tool Co., 7000 Romaine St. BIRMINGHAM-$The Birmingham News Co., 2200 Fourth Ave. LOS ANGELES-International Union, United Automobile Air- WSGN. craft & Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW - BIRMINGHAM-tGeorge Johnston and George Johnston, Jr. d/b CIO), 411 W. Milwaukee Ave., Detroit. (See Detroit, Mich.) as Johnston Broadcasting Co., 324 N. Fourth Ave. WJLD, Besse- LOS ANGELES-Los Angeles Broadcasting Co. Inc., 645 S. Mari- mer, Ala. posa Ave. KFAC. BIRMINGHAM-Voice of Alabama Inc., 2029 First Ave. N. WAPI. LOS ANGELES-National Broadcasting Co. Inc., 30 Rockefeller HUNTSVILLE-The Huntsville Times Co. Inc., Holmes & Greene Plaza, New York City. (See also Washington, D. C.) Sts. Same ownership as WSGN, Birmingham. LOS ANGELES-Radio Broadcasters Inc., 541 S. Spring St. KRKD. MOBILE-Giddens & Rester, Downtown Theatre Bldg., 205 Gov- ernment St. LOS ANGELES-Standard Broadcasting Co., 338 S. Western Ave. KFVD. MOBILE-tMobile Daily Newspapers Inc., 304 Government St. LOS ANGELES-Dorothy S Thackrey, New York Post, 75 West Mobile Press Register. St., New York City. KMTR, Los Angeles; KYA, San Francisco; MOBILE-tW. 0. Pape, tr/as Pape Broadcasting Co., A.T.&N WLIB, Brooklyn. Bldg. WALA. LOS ANGELES-The Times-Mirror Co.,202 W. FirstSt. Los MONTGOMERY-tG. W. Covington, Jr., 2 Montgomery St. WCOV. Angeles Times. MONTGOMERY-t Montgomery BroadcastingCo.Inc.,Mont- LOS ANGELES-Unity Broadcasting Corp. of California (ILGWU), gomery & Catoma Sts. WFSA. 161 W. 11th St. TUSCALOOSA-James R. Doss, Jr., Drawer 4. WJRD. LOS ANGELES-Warner Bros. Broadcasting Corp., 5833 Fern - wood Ave. KFWB. ARIZONA MARYSVILLE-tSacramento Valley Broadcasters, 424 Fourth St. PHOENIX-Sun Country Broadcasting Co., 74 E. Pierson St. MODESTO-McClatchy Broadcasting Co. Modesto Bee. (See also TUCSON-Sun Country Broadcasting Co., 74 E. Pierson St., Phoe- Sacramento.) nix, Ariz. MONTEREY-Monterey Peninsula Broadcasting Co.,275 Pearl ARKANSAS St. Monterey Peninsula Herald. FORT SMITH-tDonald W. Reynolds, 505 Rogers Ave. Fort Smith OAKLAND-tTribune BuildingCo.,Tribune Tower. Oakland Southwest Record and Times -Record. Tribune. KLX. FORT SMITH-KWHN Broadcasting Co. Inc., P. 0. Box 799. OAKLAND-tS. W. Warner & E. N. Warner d/b as Warner Broth- ers. 327 21st St. KWBR. FORT SMITH-Southeastern Hotel Co., 1213 Garrison St. KFPW. ONTARIO-'The Daily Report, 212 East B St. Ontario Report. CALIFORNIA PALO ALTO-*Peninsula Newspapers Inc., 248 Hamilton Ave. ALHAMBRA-Southern California Associated Newspapers, 11 S. Palo Alto Times. Stoneman Ave. Alhambra Post -Advocate. (Interlocking owner- PASADENA-Marshall S. Neal, Paul Buhlig, E. T. Foley and ship with WCBS, Springfield, Ill.) Edwin Earl d/b as Southern California Broadcasting Co., 425 ALAMEDA-tTimes-Star Publishing Co., 1511 Park St. Alameda E. Green St. KWKW. Times -Star. PASADENA-The Times-Mirror Co., 202 W. First St., Los Angeles. BAKERSFIELD-McClatchy Broadcasting Co., 911 Seventh St., Los Angeles Times. Sacramento, Cal. KERN. (See also Sacramento.) RICHMOND-Contra Costa Broadcasting Co.,202 TenthSt. BERKELEY-tCentral California Broadcasters Inc.,601 Ashby Richmond Independent. Ave. KRE. RIVERSIDE-IThe Broadcasting Corp. of America, 3401 Russell EUREKA-Redwood Broadcasting Co.Inc., Box 1021. Eureka St. KPRO. Riverside; KROP, Brewley, Cal. (CP). Humboldt Standard and Times. KIEM. SACRAMENTO-tLincoln Dellar, 1617 Thirtieth St. KXOA. FRESNO-tKARM, The George Harm Station, 1333 Van Ness SACRAMENTO-Ewing C. Kelly, David R. McKinley and Ver- Ave. KARM. non Hansen d/b as Central Valleys Broadcasting Co., California FRESNO-McClatchy Broadcasting Co., 911 Seventh St., Sacra- State Life Bldg., 10th & Jay Sts. KCRA. mento, Cal. KMJ. (See also Sacramento.) SACRAMENTO-tMcClatchy Broadcasting Co., 911 Seventh St. Sacramento Bee. KFBK, Sacramento; KMJ, Fresno; KERN, FRESNO-$J. E. Rodman, Patterson Bldg. KFRE. Bakersfield; KWG, Stockton; KOH, Reno, Nev. GLENDALE-Southern CaliforniaAssociated Newspapers,333 N. Brand Blvd. Glendale News -Press. SACRAMENTO-Royal Miller Radio, Tenth and K Sts. KROY. LOS ANGELES-American Broadcasting Co. Inc., 1440 N. High- SALINAS-Luther E. Gibson, 516 Marin St., Vallejo, Cal. KHUB, land Ave. KECA. (See also New York City.) Watsonville, Cal. LOS ANGELES-Earle C. Anthony Inc., 141 N. Vermont Ave. SAN BERNARDINO-tJ. C. Lee & E. W. Lee, 512 Fifth Ave. KFI. KFXM. LOS ANGELES-Cannon & Callister Inc., 102 N. Glendale Ave., SAN BERNARDINO-tThe Sun Company of San Bernardino, Glendale, Cal. KIEV. Cal., 466 Court St. San Bernardino Sun and Telegram. LOS ANGELES-Columbia Broadcasting System, 6121Sunset SAN BRUNO-Radio Diablo Inc., 798 San Mateo Ave. Blvd. KNX, Los Angeles; WABC and WABC-FM, New York; SAN DIEGO-tAirfan Radio Corp. Ltd., 326 Broadway. KFSD. WTOP, Washington; WBBM and WBBM-FM, Chicago; WEEI, SAN DIEGO-The Jack Gross Broadcasting Co., 1375 Pacific Blvd. Boston; KMOX, St. Louis; WCCO, Minneapolis. Also applicant KFMB. for Boston, Minneapolis, St. Louis. SAN DIEGO-Union-Tribune Publishing Co.,941 Second Ave. LOS ANGELES-Consolidated Broadcasting Corp. Inc., 435 Pine San Diego Union and Tribune -Sun. Ave., Long Beach, Cal. KGER, Long Beach. SAN FRANCISCO-American Broadcasting Co., 155 Montgomery LOS ANGELES-Echo Park Evangelistic Assn.,1100 Glendale St. KGO. (See also New York City.) Blvd. KFSG. SAN FRANCISCO-tThe Associated Broadcasters Inc., Mark Hop- kins Hotel. KSFO. Compiled from Series 14 Supplements published periodically by SAN FRANCISCO-Chronicle Publishing Co., 907 Mission St. San TELEVISION DIGEST 6. FM REPORTS, Washington, D. C., Francisco Chronicle. from files of FCC. These supplements, which are kept current, list SAN FRANCISCO-Don Lee Broadcasting System, 1000 Van Ness such additional data about individual applicants as names of Ave. KFRC, San Francisco; KHJ, Los Angeles; KGB, San Diego; KDB, Santa Barbara. principals and their other businesses, proposed studio and trans- SAN FRANCISCO-Hearst Publications Inc., Hearst Bldg. San mitter locations, antenna heights, proposed expenditures for FM, Francisco Examiner. (See Hearst Radio Inc., New York City.) ratites of counsel and consulting engineers. Conditional grants SAN FRANCISCO-Hughes Productions, a Division of Hughes up to February 25 only are designated. Tool Co., 7000 Romaine St., Los Angeles, Cal.

MARCH, 1946 33 (c)Sixty frequencies are available for Metropolitan stations in Areas I and II. These frequencies begin at 92.1 megacydes Classes of Stations Defined and end at103.9 megacycles(Channels 221 through 28o) . According to FCC Rules Issued September 12, 1945 (d) The main studio of a Metropoli- tan station shall be located within its 5000 uv/m contour. However, upon a special COMMUNITY STATIONS prescribed in the Standards of Good Engi- showing of need, the Commission may (Section 3.203 of FM Rules) neering Practice concerning FM broadcast authorize the main studio to be located (a) Community stations are limited to stations. Where higher antenna heights beyond the 5000 uv/m contour out not a maximum effective radiated power of are available, they should be used but in beyond the woo uv/m contour. The trans- 25o watts and a maximum antenna height such cases the Commission will authorize mitter shall be so located as to provide of 25o feet over the average height of the less than 20 kilowatts effective radiated maximum service both to the city where terraintomiles from thetransmitter. power so that the coverage (within the the main studioislocated and to the Upon proper showing that an antenna woo uv/m contour) shall be substantial. surrounding rural area. height in excess of 25o feet is necessary, ly similar to that which would be provided authorization will be issued for such high- by so kilowatts effective radiated power RURAL STATIONS er antenna but the Commission may in and a 500 foot antenna. Where the only (Section 3.205 of FM Rules) such cases require a reduction in radiated antenna height available is less than Boo (a) Rural stationsare designedpri- power. A minimum separation of 5o miles feet, the Commission may authorize its marily to furnish service to rural listen- will be provided in the case of Commu- use but will not permit an increase in ers. The service area of Rural stations nity stations on the same channel and a radiated power in excess of 20 kilowatts. may include the service areas designated minimum of 35 miles on adjacent chan- In Area I, the service area of Metropoli- by the Commission for Metropolitan sta- nels. tan stations will not be protected beyond tions upon a showing to the Commission (b) In Area I, so channels beginning the woo uv/m contour and such stations that the additional area which the Rural with104.1megacycles and ending with will be located in such a manner as to station will serve is predominately rural iory.9 megacycles (Channels 281 through insure, insofar as possible, a maximum of in character. As a guide, the Commission Soo)are allocated for Community sta- FM service to all listeners, whether urban will consider that the additional area be- tions. All of these 20 channels are avail- or rural. yond the service area of a Metropolitan able in any community which is not the (b) Metropolitan stations in Area H station which is proposed to be served, is principal city of a metropolitan district. are designed primarily to render service predominantly ruralin characterifat Ten of these channels are also available to a single metropolitan district or a prin- least 5o per cent of the population pro- for assignment in principal cities of metro- cipal city, and to rural areas surrounding posed to be added within the 5o uv/m politan districts which have fewer than such metropolitan district or principal contour live in rural areas or in communi- 6 Metropolitan stations.2 city. The Commission will designate serv- ties smaller than to,000.3 Exceptions to (c)In Area II, io channels beginning iceareasforMetropolitanstationsin this rule will be permitted where a show- with 104.1 megacycles and ending with Area II and will authorize appropriate ing is made to the Commission that due 105.9 megacydes (Channels 281 through power and antenna height to cover the to conditions of terrain or local factors, 29o) are available for Community stations designated area in accordance with the more extended service to unserved rural and may be used in any community which Standards of Good Engineering Practice areas is possible by licensing Rural sta- is not the principal city of a metropolitan concerning FM broadcast stations; upon tions to serve an area which does not district.3 proper showing changes will be made in meet the above requirements than would (d) The main studio of a Community these service areas.4 Metropolitan stations otherwise be possible. station shall be located in the city served will not be required to serve the entire (b) Rural stations will not be licensed and the transmitter shall be located as service area designated by the Commission in Area I as presently defined. If in the near the center of the city as practicable. but no application will be granted for a futureitbecomes necessaryto extend Metropolitan station unless it is proposed Area I by including part or all of the METROPOLITAN STATIONS to serve an area substantially greater than region set forth in footnote 1of Section (Section 3.204 of FM Rules) could be served by a Community station. 3.202, consideration will be given at that (a) In Area I,Metropolitan stations 4 In determining service areas for particular time to the question whether Rural sta- are limited to a maximum of so kilowatts communities, the Commission will give consider. tions should be licensed in this region. effectiveradiated power witha non - ationto population distribution,terrain,trade (c) The6ochannelsavailablefor areas, economics and other pertinent factors, and directional antenna having a height of applicants for Metropolitan stations in Area II metropolitan stations are also available 500 feet, as determined by the methods should include in their applications a showing as for Rural stations. to the service area the Commission should desig- (d) The main studio of a Rural station 2 For the time being, until more FM stations nate for the city in question. There are several are authorized, the Commission will not author- currentandrecognizedauthoritiesonretail shall be located withinitsmoo uv/m ize Community stationsinprincipalcities of trading areas or consumer trading areas from contour. However, upon a special showing metropolitandistrictsin Area Ihaving 4 or which the applicant may prepare its showing and of need, the Commission may authorize more AM stations. to which the Commission will give consideration 3 The10frequencies from106.1to107.9 in making its determination. Among these rec- the main studio to be located beyond the megacycles which are available for Community ognized authorities are the following: J. Walter moo uv/m contour but not beyond the stations in Area I but not in Area II will be Thompson(RetailShoppingAreas),Hearst 5o uv/m contour. assigned in Area II in the future in accordance Magazines,Inc.(Consumer Trading Areas), with the needs of the area as shown by future Rand McNally Map Co. (Trading Areas), and 5 In making this computation, cities with pop- developments.Inthe meantime theywillbe Hagastrom Map Co.'s Four Color Retail Trad- ulations in excess of 10,000 should be excluded available for facsimile. ing Area Map. if the signal in such cities is less than 500 uv/m.

CALIFORNIA-Continued SANTA ANA-Voice of the Orange Empire Inc. Ltd., 207 N. SAN FRANCISCO-KJBS Broadcasters, 1470 Pine St. KJBS. Broadway. KVOE. SAN FRANCISCO-National Broadcasting Co.Inc.,Taylor & SANTA BARBARA-News-Press Publishing Co., De la Guerra O'Farrell Sts. KPO. (See also Washington, D. C.) Plaza. KTMS. SAN FRANCISCO-Pacific Agricultural Foundation, Ltd., Palace SANTA MARIA-Santa Maria Daily Times, 207 W. Main St. Hotel. KQW, San Jose, Cal. STOCKTON-McClatchy Broadcasting Co. KWG. (See also Sacra- SAN FRANCISCO-S. H. Patterson, 1355 Market St. KSAN. mento, Cal.) SAN FRANCISCO-Scripps-Howard Radio Inc., 1121 Union Cen- STOCKTON-4E. F. Peffer, 40 S. California St. KGDM. tral Bldg., Cincinnati, 0. (See also Cincinnati.) SAN FRANCISCO-Dorothy S. Thackrey, New York Post, 75 West St, New York City. KYA, San Francisco; KMTR, Los COLORADO Angeles; WLIB, Brooklyn. COLORADO SPRINGS-Out West Broadcasting Co., Antlers Ho- SAN JOSE-Santa Clara Broadcasting Co., 606 Bank of America tel. KVOR. (Same ownership as KLZ, Denver, and WKY, Okla- Bldg. homa City.) SAN JOSE-Walley Broadcasting Co., 233 S. First St. DENVER-KLZ Broadcasting Co.,Shirley -Savoy HoteL KLZ. SAN LUIS OBISPO-tValley Electric Co., 851 Higuera St. KVEC. (Same ownership as KVOR, Colorado Springs, and WKY, Okla- SAN MATED-Amphlett PrintingCo.,145 Second Ave. San homa City.) Mateo Times and News Leader. DENVER-National Broadcasting Co. Inc.,1625 CaliforniaSt. SAN PEDRO-San Pedro Printing and Publishing Co., 356 W. KOA. (See also New York City.) Seventh St. San Pedro News -Pilot. PUEBLO-Curtis P. Ritchie, 1101 E. Eighth St. KGHF.

34 FM JOURNAL ST. PETERSBURG-tPinellas Broadcasting Co., Times Bldg. St. CONNECTICUT Petersburg Times. WTSP. BRIDGEPORT-Harry F. Guggenheim, 120 Broadway, New York City. Newsday (Nassau and Suffolk counties, Long Island.) TAMPA-Tampa Times Co., 114 N. Franklin St. WDAE. BRIDGEPORT-Harold Thomas, 991 Broad St. WNAB. (See also TAMPA-tThe Tribune Co., 504 E. Lafayette St. WFLA. Waterbury, Conn.) WEST PALM BEACH-WJNO Inc., 1600 N. Flagler St. WJNO. BRIDGEPORT-Travelers Broadcasting Service Corp., 26 Grove St., Hartford, Conn. WTIC and WTIC-FM. GEORGIA BRIDGEPORT-The Yankee NetworkInc.,StratfieldHotel. ATHENS-J. K. Patrick & Co., Bobbin Mill Road, Cloverhurst- WICC. (See also Boston, Mass.) Springdale Ext. Athens Banner -Herald. WGAU. DANBURY-Berkshire Broadcasting Corp., Professional Bldg. ATLANTA-J. W. Woodruff tr/as Atlanta Broadcasting Co., 26 DANBURY-Danbury News -Times Co., 288 Main St. Cain St. WATL. HARTFORD-The Hartford Times Inc., 10 Prospect St. Hartford ATLANTA-Atlanta Journal Co., 7 Forsyth St. N.W. WSB. Times. WTHT. ATLANTA-tThe Constitution Publishing Co., 148 Alabama SW. HARTFORD-State BroadcastingCorp.,54 PrattSt. WHTD. (Same ownership as Yankee Network, Boston.) ATLANTA-Liberty Broadcasting Corp.,56 Marietta St. NW. MERIDEN-tSilver City Crystal Co., 468 Center St. WAGA. (Same ownership as Fort Industry Co., Toledo, 0.) NEW BRITAIN-New Britain Broadcasting Co., 272 Main St. ATLANTA-Fred B. Wilson and Charming Cope, 75 Marietta St. NEW HAVEN-tElm City Broadcasting Corp., 1110 Chapel St. AUGUSTA-tAugusta Broadcasting Co., Eighth & Broad Sts. WNHC. WRDW. NEW LONDON-tThames BroadcastingCorp.,281 StateSt. AUGUSTA-tAugusta Chronicle Broadcasting Co., 118 Seventh WNLC. St. STAMFORD-Western Connecticut BroadcastingCo.,258At- CEDARTOWN-Northwest Georgia Broadcasting Co., West Thea- lantic St. Stamford Advocate. WSRR. tre Bldg. WGAA, Cedartown; WDAK, Columbus, Ga.; WELD, WATERBURY-tAmerican Republican Inc., 61 Leavenworth Ave. West Point, Ga. WBRY. COLUMBUS-tColumbus BroadcastingCo.,1420 Second Ave. WATERBURY-Mitchell G. Meyers, Reuben E. Aronheim, Milton WRBL, Columbus; WGPC, Albany, Ga.; WATL, Atlanta, Ga. H. Meyers, 181 Grand St. WEIM, Fitchburg, Mass. (See also COLUMBUS-tGeorgia-AlabamaBroadcastingCorp., 17 W. Fitchburg, Mass., and Brockton, Mass.) Twelfth St. Columbus Inquirer and Ledger. WATERBURY-Harold Thomas, 71 Grand Ave. WATR. (Same COLUMBUS-Valley Broadcasting Co., 1028 Broadway. WDAK, ownership as WNAB, Bridgeport, Conn.) Columbus; WELD, West Point, Ga. DUBLIN-Dublin Broadcasting Co., Franklin St. at Moore St. WMLT. DELAWARE LA GRANGE-La Grange Broadcasting Co., 303 Broome St. La WILMINGTON-Delaware Broadcasting Co., 920 King St. WILM. Grange News. WLAG. WILMINGTON-WDEL inc., 10th & King Sts. WDEL. (See also MACON-Macon Telegraph Publishing Co., 450 Cherry St. Macon WGAL Inc., Lancaster, Pa.; same ownership.) News and Telegraph. MACON-tMiddle Georgia BroadcastingCo.,601CherrySt. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA WBML. WASHINGTON-Capital Broadcasting Co., 1000 Connecticut Ave. MACON-tSoutheastern Broadcasting Co., 666 Cherry St. WMAZ. N.W. WWDC. MOULTRIE-tFrank R. Pidcock, Sr., 606 Fifth Ave. SE. WMGA. WASHINGTON-Cowles Broadcasting Co., 1627 K St. N.W. WOL. ROME-tRome Broadcasting Corp., National City Bank Bldg. (See also Des Moines.) WRGA. WASHINGTON-The Crosley Corp., Crosley Square, Cincinnati. SAVANNAH-Atlantic Broadcasting Co., 17 Drayton St. WLW, Cincinnati. (See Cincinnati, 0.) SAVANNAH-Carter C. Peterson, Ailey, Ga. WASHINGTON-Evening StarBroadcastingCo.,StarBldg. SAVANNAH-tSavannah BroadcastingCo.,516 AbercornSt. WMAL. WTOC. WASHINGTON-Everett L.Dillardtr/asCommercial Radio SAVANNAH-WSAV Inc., Liberty National Bank Bldg. WSAV. Equipment Co., 1319 F St. N.W. (W3XL, Washington; KOZY, Kansas City.) TOCCOA-R. G. LeTourneau, Prather Bridge Road. WRLC. WASHINGTON-Theodore Granik, 1627 K St. N.W. VALDOSTA-1E. D. Rivers, E. Park Ave. WGOV. WASHINGTON-Marcus Loew Booking Agency, 1540 Broadway, New York City. WHN and WHNF, New York City. IDAHO WASHINGTON-Metropolitan Broadcasting Corp.,1743 G St. BOISE-tGeorgia Phillips, trjas Boise Broadcast Station, Eighth N.W. & Bannock Sts. WASHINGTON-Mid-Coastal Broadcasting Co., c/o Vesey, Wheel- BOISE-Queen City Broadcasting Co. Inc., 66 Cobb Bldg., Seattle, er & Prince, 815 Fifteenth St. N.W. Wash. KIRO, Seattle. WASHINGTON-National Broadcasting Co. Inc., Trans -Lux Bldg. NAMPA-tFrank E. Hurt & Son, 1024 Twelfth Ave. S., KFXD. WRC, Washington; WEAF and WEAF-FM, New York; WMAQ, Chicago; WTAM, Cleveland; KPO, San Francisco; KOA, Den- POCATELLO-tRadioServiceCorp.,YellowstoneHighway. ver. Also applicants for Cleveland, Chicago, Denver, San Fran- KSEI and KTFI, Twin Falls. cisco, Los Angeles. TWIN FALLS-H. Dudley Swim, 113 Shoshone St. N. WASHINGTON-Eleanor Patterson tr/as The Times Herald, 1317 TWIN FALLS-Radio Broadcasting Corp.,241 Main Ave. W. H St. N.W. KTFI and KSEI, Pocatello WASHINGTON-Potomac Cooperative Federation Inc., 2621 Vir- ginia Ave. N.W. ILLINOIS WASHINGTON-WINX Broadcasting Co., Eighth and I Sts. N.W. AURORA-t The Copley Press Inc., 4 Main St. Aurora Beacon - Washington Post. WINX. News. WCBS, Springfield, Ill. BLOOMINGTON-tRadio Station WJBC, 209 E. Washington St. FLORIDA WJBC. CORAL GABLES-Southern Media Corp., 1235 Ingraham Bldg., BROOKFIELD-George M. Ives, 4221 Arthur Ave. Miami, Fla. CARBONDALE-t SouthernIllinoisBroadcastingPartnership, DAYTONA BEACH-News-Journal Corp., 128 Orange Ave. 211 W. Main St. FORT LAUDERDALE-tGore Publishing Co., 231 SE First Ave. CHAMPAIGN-Champaign News -GazetteInc.,48 MainSt. Fort Lauderdale News & Sentinel. WDWS. JACKSONVILLE-tFlorida Broadcasting Co., 118 W. Adams St. CHICAGO-Amalgamated Broadcasting System Inc. (See listing WMBR. for New York City.) JACKSONVILLE-tCity of Jacksonville. WJAX. CHICAGO-Agricultural Broadcasting Co., 1230 W. Washington JACK SONVILLE-tJacksonvilleBroadcastingCorp., 131 W. Blvd. Prairie Farmer. WLS. Church -Gulf Life Bldg. WPDQ. CHICAGO-American Broadcasting Co. Inc., Merchandise Mart. JACKSONVILLE-The Metropolis Co., 500 Laura St. Jacksonville WENR. (See also New York City.) Journal. WJBP. CHICAGO-Balaban & Katz Corp., (Paramount), 190 N. State St. MIAMI-Paul Brake, 3820 Wood Ave., Cocoanut Grove, Fla. CHICAGO-Chicago Federation of Labor, 666 Lake Shore Drive. MIAMI-Fort Industry Co., 1605 Biscayne Blvd. WGBS. (See also WCFL. Toledo, 0.) CHICAGO-Drovers Journal Publishing Co., 836 Exchange Ave. MIAMI-tlsle of Dreams Broadcasting Corp., 600 Biscayne Blvd. Chicago Drovers Journal. WAAF. Miami Daily News. WIOD. (Same ownership as WHIO, Dayton, CHICAGO-Dual Engineering Corp., 767 Milwaukee Ave. 0., and WSB, Atlanta, Ga.) CHICAGO-International Union, United Automobile, Aircraft & MIAMI-tMiami Broadcasting Co., 327 NE First Ave. Miami Her- Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW -CIO), 411 ald. WQAM. (Same ownership as Knight Radio Corp., Akron, W. Milwaukee Ave., Detroit. (See Detroit, Mich.) 0.) CHICAGO-Johnson-Kennedy Radio Corp., 230 N. Michigan Ave. MIAMI BEACH-tA. Frank Katzentine, 1749 North Bay Road. WIND and WLOL, Minneapolis. WKAT. CHICAGO-Knight Radio Corp., 44 E. Exchange St., Akron, 0. ORLANDO-Hazlewood Inc., Angebilt Hotel. WLOF. Chicago Daily News. WQAM, Miami, Fla. (See also Akron, 0.) ORLANDO-fOrlando Daily Newspapers Inc., 238 S. Orange Ave. CHICAGO-Lincoln-Belmont Publishing Co., 3114 N. Greenview Orlando Sentinel and Reporter Star. Ave., and Myers Publishing Co., 7519 N. Ashland Ave. Lincoln - PENSACOLA-Pensacola Broadcasting Co., San Carlos Hotel. Belmont Booster (weekly). WCOA. CHICAGO-National Broadcasting Co. Inc., 222 N. Bank Drive. ST. AUGUSTINE-Fountain of Youth Broadcasting Co. WFOY. WMAQ. (See also Washington, D. C.)

MARCH,1946 35 ILLINOIS-Continued MUNCIE-Donald A. Burton, 420 Alden Road. WLBC. CHICAGO-Oak Park Realty and Amusement Co., (Loew's), 1540 NEW CASTLE-Courier-Times Inc., 218 S. Fourteenth St. New Broadway, New York City. Castle Courier -Times. CHICAGO-Radio Station WAIT, 360 N. Michigan Ave. WAIT. SHELBYVILLE-tShelbyville Radio Inc., 121 E. Washington St. CHICAGO-Radio Station WGES, 14 N. Western Ave. WGES. Shelbyville Democrat and Republican. CHICAGO-Radio Station WSBC, 2400 W. Madison St. WSBC. TERRE HAUTE-Banks of the Wabash Inc., 303 S. Sixth St. WBOW, Terre Haute; WGBF and WEOA and WMLL (FM), CHICAGO-Raytheonham, Mass. Manufacturing Co., Foundry Ave., Walt- Evansville, Ind. TERRE HAUTE-tWabash Valley Broadcasting Corp., 308 Fair- CHICAGO-Telair Co., 1700 Firestone Parkway, Akron, 0. banks Block. CHICAGO-WJJD Inc., 230 N. Michigan Ave. Chicago Sun (Mar- shall Field). WJJD and WSAI, Cincinnati, 0. IOWA DECATUR-Commodore Broadcasting Inc., 357 N. Main St. Deca- BURLINGTON-tBurlington BroadcastingCo., tur Herald and Review. WSOY. Bldg. KBUR. National Bank ELGIN-The Copley Press Inc. 164-168 DuPage St. Elgin Courier- CEDAR RAPIDS-tThe Gazette Co., 500 Third Ave. SE. Cedar News. WCBS, Springfield, Rapids Gazette. EAST ST. LOUIS-Myles H. Johns, Penrose H. Johns, William F. DAVENPORT-Tri-City Broadcasting Co., 1002 Brady St. WOC, Johns, William F. Johns, Jr., db/as Mississippi Valley Broad- and WHO, Des Moines. casting Co., Broadview Hotel. WTMV. DES MOINES-tCentral Broadcasting Co., 912 Walnut St. ELMWOOD PARK-Elmwood Park Broadcasting Corp. and WOC, Davenport. WHO EVANSTON-*North Shore Broadcasting Co. Inc., 1045 Chestnut DES MOINES-tCowles Broadcasting Co., Register& Tribune Ave., Wilmette, Ill. Bldg. Des Moines Register & Tribune. KRNT, DesMoines; WOL, Washington; WCOP, Boston; WHOM, Jersey City, WNAX, EVANSTON-Sentinel Radio Corp., 2020 Ridge Ave. Yankton, S. D. FREEPORT-tFreeport Journal -Standard Publishing Co., 12N. Galena Ave. Freeport Journal -Standard. DES MOINES-Kingsley H. Murphy, 810 Roanoke apolis, Minn. KSO. Bldg., Minne- HARRISBURG-tHarrisburg Broadcasting Co., 100 E. Poplar St. WEBQ. DUBUQUE --$Dubuque Broadcasting Co., Hotel Julien.WKBB. HERRIN-tOrville W. Lyerla, Box 179. WJPF. DUBUQUE-#Telegraph-Herald, Eighth & BluffSt. Dubuque JOLIET-The Copley Press Inc., 78 N. Scott St. Joliet Herald Telegraph -Herald. KDTH. News. WCBS, Springfield, Ill. - MASON CITY-Lee Radio Inc., 12 Second St. NE. Globe -Gazette. KGLO. Mason City KANKAKEE-tKankakee Daily Journal Co., 193 N. Schuyler Ave. Kankakee Republican -News. WATERLOO-tJoshKXEL. Higgins Broadcasting Co., 500 E. FourthSt. MOUNT VERNON-tMidwest Broadcasting Co.,1071'2 Tenth St. MOUNT VERNON-Mt. Vernon Radio & TelevisionCo., 218 S. KANSAS Ninth St. HUTCHINSON-Hutchinson PublishingCo., 28 N. Second St. PEORIA-Central Illinois Radio Corp., 1140 Jefferson Bldg. ton,Hutchinson Ia. News -Herald. KSAL, Salina, Kan.; KBUR, Burling- PEORIA-F. F. McNaughton, 20 S. Fourth St., Pekin, Ill. KANSAS CITY-KCKN Broadcasting Co., Waltower Bldg. PEORIA-Mid-State Broadcasting Co., 301 S. Adams St. sas City Kansan (Capper Publications). KCKN, Kansas City;Kan- PEORIA-Midwest FM Network Inc., 435 N. Michigan Ave., Chi- WIBW, Topeka. cago. WGN and WGNB, Chicago (Chicago Tribune). Also ap- LAWRENCE-tThe World Co., 722 Massachusetts St. Lawrence plicants for Milwaukee, Grand Rapids, Fort Wayne. Journal -World. PEORIA-Peoria Broadcasting Co., 200 Alliance Life Bldg. WMBD. TOPEKA-tTopeka Broadcasting Assn. Inc., 1036 Topeka Blvd. PEORIA-Radio Peoria Inc., 357 N. Main St., Decatur, Ill. Same Topeka Capital (Capper Publications). WIBW, Topeka; KCKN, ownership as WSOY, Decatur, Ill. Kansas City. QUINCY-tLee Broadcasting Inc., 510 Main St. WTAD. WICHITA-tThe Farmers & Bankers Broadcasting Corp., First QUINCY-tQuincy Newspapers Inc., 130 S. Fifth St. Quincy Her- & Market Sts. KFBI. ald -Whig. Interlocking ownership with WSOY, Decatur, Ill. WICHITA-tRadio Station KFH Co., York Rite Temple Bldg. ROCKFORD-tRockford Broadcasters Inc., 109 S. Water St. Rock- Wichita Eagle. KFH. ford Star and Register -Republic. WROK. WICHITA-tWichita Beacon Broadcasting Co., Beacon Bldg., ROCK ISLAND-tRock Island Broadcasting Co., 1800 Third Ave. Wichita Beacon. Rock Island Argus Dispatch. WHBF. KENTUCKY SPRINGFIELD-Radio Springfield Inc., 357 N. Main St., Deca- ASHLAND-Ashland Broadcasting Co.,20th & Greenup Ste. tur, Ill. Same ownership as WSOY. Decatur. WCMI. (See American Broadcasting Corp. of Kentucky, Lex- SPRINGFIELD-WCBS Inc., 523 E. Capitol Ave. WCBS. ington, Ky.) SPRINGFIELD-tWTAX Inc., Reisch Bldg. WTAX. HENDERSON-Henderson Broadcasting Co.Inc.,Zion Road. WAUKEGAN-tKeystone Printing Service Inc., 116 Madison St. WSON. (See also Paducah Broadcasting Co.) Waukegan News -Sun. HOPKINSVILLE-Hopkinsville Broadcasting Co., Box 539. WHOP. (See also Paducah Broadcasting Co.) INDIANA LEXINGTON-tAmerican Broadcasting Corp. of Kentucky, Short COLUMBUS-tSyndicate Theatres Inc., 571N. Main St., Frank- & Walnut Sts. WLAP. Same ownership as WCMI, Ashland, Ky.; lin, Ind. KFDA, Amarillo, Tex.; WBIR, Knoxville, Tenn. CONNERSVILLE-tNews-Examiner Co., 406 Central Ave. LOUISVILLE-tCourier-Journal and Louisville Times Co 300 W. ELKHART-tTruth Publishing Co. Inc., 416 S. Second St. Elk- Liberty St. WHAS. hart Truth. WTRC. LOUISVILLE-tNorthside Broadcasting Corp., Kentucky Home Life Co. WGRC. Same ownership as WATL, Atlanta, Ga.; EVANSVILLE-Tri-State Broadcasting Corp. WHBB, Selma, Ala. FORT WAYNE-Farnsworth Television & Radio Corp., Pontiac St. WGL. 3700 E. LOUISVILLE-tWAVE Inc., 334 E. Broadway. WAVE. FORT WAYNE-Midwest FM Network Inc., 435 Michigan Ave., OWENSBORO-(Owensboro Broadcasting Co.Inc., Livermore Chicago. (See listing for Peoria, Ill.) Road & Byers Ave. Owensboro Messenger and Inquirer WOMI. FORT WAYNE-Northeastern IndianaBroadcasting PADUCAH-tPaducah Broadcasting Co. Inc., Box 1020. WPAD, 1335 Lincoln Bank Tower. Co.Inc., Paducah; WHOP, Hopkinsville; WSON, Henderson, Ky. PADUCAH-tPaducah Newspapers Inc., 408 Kentucky Ave. Pa- GARY-Gary Broadcasting Corp., 545 Broadway. ducah Sun -Democrat. GARY-Gary Printing & Publishing Co. Gary Post -Tribune. HAMMOND-O. E. Richardson, Fred L. Adair, Robert C. Adair WINCHESTER-Winchester Sun Co. Inc., Wall & Cleveland Sts. d/b as Radio Station WJOB, 449 State St. WJOB, Hammond, Winchester Sun. and WASK, Lafayette, Ind. LOUISIANA INDIANAPOLIS-Capitol Broadcasting Corp., Board of Trade ALEXANDRIA-tAlexandria Broadcasting Co. Inc., Fifth & John- Bldg. WISH. ston Sts. KALB. INDIANAPOLIS-Evansville on the Air Inc., 519 Vine St., Evans- ALEXANDRIA-'Central Louisiana Broadcasting Corp., 530 Mur- ville. WEOA and WGBF and WMLL (FM), Evansville, Ind. ray St. INDIANAPOLIS-Indiana Broadcasting Corp., 350 N. Meridian - ALEXANDRIA-James A. Noe, Bernhardt Bldg., Monroe, La. St. WIBC. (See also New Orleans.) INDIANAPOLIS-Indianapolis Broadcasting Inc., Claypool Ho- LAKE CHARLES-James A. Noe, Bernhardt Bldg., Monroe, La. tel. Indianapolis Star. WIRE. (See also New Orleans.) INDIANAPOLIS-Scripps-Howard Radio Inc., 1121 Union Cen- tral Bldg., Cincinnati. WCPO, Cincinnati; WNOX, Knoxville; MONROE-James A. Noe, Bernhardt Bldg., Monroe, La. KNOE. WMC, Memphis. (See also New Orleans.) NEW ORLEANS-#SupremeBroadcastingSystemInc.,2490 INDIANAPOLIS-Universal Broadcasting Co. Inc., No. 607, 129 Dreux Ave. E. Market St. NEW ORLEANS-tLoyola University, 6363 St. Charles Ave. WWL. INDIANAPOLIS-WFBM Inc., 48 Monument Circle. WFBM. Same NEW ORLEANS-James A. Noe, St. Charles Hotel. WNOE, New ownership as WFEA, Manchester, N. H. Orleans; KNOE, Monroe, La.; KOTN, Pine Bluff, Ark. (50%). INDIANAPOLIS-The William H. Block Co., 50 N. Illinois St. NEW ORLEANS-Stephens Broadcasting Co., Hotel Monteleone. KOKOMO-tKokomo Bcstg. Corp., 400% N. Main St. WKMO. WDSU. LAFAYETTE-tWFAM Inc.,4491'2StateSt., Hammond, Ind. NEW ORLEANS-tThe Times Picayune Publishing Co., 601 North WASK, Lafayette, and WJOB, Hammond, Ind. St. MARION-Chronicle Publishing Co. Inc., 610 S. Adams St. Mar- SHREVEPORT-James A. Noe, Bernhardt Bldg., Monroe, La. (See ion Leader -Tribune and Chronicle. also New Orleans.)

36 FMJOURNAL CCONGRATULATIONS on Vol. 1, No. 1. ward to the arrival of a publication."- "I want to compliment you upon this edi- May it be followed by many years of JosephCreamer,Advertising & Promotion tion. I would like to have all of my Broad- publishing notable for editorial competency Director, WOR-WBAM. cast Sales Engineers receive your publica- and integrity.Enterprising, independent, tion."-Norman E. Wunderlich,Executive constructive journalism should be one of "A nice job."-Paul S. Ellison, Director of Soles Director, Federal Telephone and Radio the principal forces in speeding the full Public Relations, Sylvania Electric Products. Corp. flowering of the burgeoning FM industry. Folks on the regulatory side, as well as "It's really swell. Would it be possible to "I wanted you to know that from now on, in my ieague, FM stands not only for FRE- those in industry, need the kind of contribu- obtain five or six additional copies. The tion that can be made by a trade journal one you sent me has been enjoying such QUENCY MODULATION but alsofor Fine Magazine .. edited according to the credo announced in popularity around here that I'm afraid I'm . meaning yours. It's a home - run in anybody's ball park."-Robert A. the maiden issue of THE JOURNAL OF FRE- going to have trouble holding on to it."- Schmid, Vice President, Mutual Broadcasting QUENCY MODULATION.-Paul A. Porter, OPA J. P. Taylor, Advertising Manager, Engineer- System Administrator and former Chairman, FCC. ing Products, RCA. "Extremelyinterestingandespecially "The entire make-up typography, and edi- timely. With the future of FM becoming "An enthusiastic hurrah for the splendid torial content are really very exciting and, more and more crystalized, you have cer- firs, issue of FREQUENCY MODULATION. I, from all indications, FREQUENCY MODULA- tainly struck while the iron is hot."-Sey- personally, thought that the cover was a TION will prove the standard bearer of sev- mour Berkson, General Manager, International beauty and-that rare thing-completely in eral thousand radio stations that will come News Service. keeping with the purpose and spirit of the into existence within the next three years." magazine. Paul deMars piece, by the way, -Alfred L. Hollender, Vice President, Louis "A splendid looking job."-E. F. McDon- is the kind of thing that makes one look for- G. Cowan, Inc. ald, Jr., President, Zenith Radio Corporation. 410 61111M9111Mill ReaderReaction trwlMin Volume One, Number One ofFREQUENCY MODULATION remember that there's plenty ofroom for improvement, hadn't been out more than a dayor two before our offices nor to keep our eye on oui job. Which is, to bring ideas were busy with a small avalanche of wires and lettersand inspiration to theFMIndustry, to give it cohesion, expressing reader reaction. Shown on thispage are theto interpret trends, to report happenings, andto help first. Naturally, we'reelated.But not tooelatedto guide it toward a useful and profitableexistence.

"I congratulate you on the smart format "Put together very nicely in contentsas "Congratulations on thebirthof FRE- and editorial content."-Robert Friedheim, wellas appearance."-Garo WillardRay, QUENCY MODULATION. We are very much Manager, NBC Radio -Recording Division. Consulting Radio Engineer. impressed-and wish you all success."- Paul FGodley, Paul Godley Co., Consulting "Congratulations!Ibelieve you have "There is no questions that underyour Radio Engineers. made a major contribution to the industry guidance, FREQUENCY MODULATION will be in your first issue of THE JOURNAL OF FRE- the big influence in this particular field."- "Generally speaking Idon't greet new QUENCY MODULATION. I generally approach Frank R. Smith, General Manager, WWSW. trade papers with enthusiasm for itmeans a r ew publication prepared to waste time one more publication to read. But because separating the wheat from the chaff. Your "A very good job."-Ewell K. Jett, FCC of the subject matter and the format, I first issue of THE JOURNAL OF FREQUENCY Commissioner. look forward very much to getting intoyour MODULATIONisall wheat-no chaff."- "Very well put together."-Harlow Roberts, new journal."-FrankStanton,President, Walter E. Barber, Promotion Director, WGYN. Vice President, Goodkind, Joice & Morgan. Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc.

"Volume 1, Number 1 of THE JOURNAL "Contentsveryinteresting."-RalphC. "The publication looks very good."-Ray OF FREQUENCY MODULATION looksswell. Powell, Sales Manager, Presto Recording Corp. C.Ellis, vice president, Raytheon Manufac- FM is going on to great things, and, with turing Co. this pattern, THE JOURNAL will move up- "I have gone through this first issue quite ward and onward in step with this great thoroughly and compliment you on doing "I like its format and the way the stories scientific advance."-James LawrenceFly, an excellent job."-Ray H. Manson, Presi- are handled. May it prosper."-J. J. Weed, former Chairman, FCC. dent, Stromberg-Carlson Co. Weed & Co., radio station representatives.

MARCH, 1946 37 MAINE DETROIT-tIntemational Union, United Automobile, Aircraft and AUGUSTA-Gannett Publishing Co. Inc., 119 Exchange St. Au- Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW -CIO), 411 gusta Kennebec Journal. WGAN, Portland. Me. W. Milwaukee Ave. Also applicant for Flint, Mich., Chicago, BANGOR-t Portland Broadcasting System Inc., 645-A Congress Cleveland, Newark, Los Angeles. St., Portland, Me. WGAN, Portland. DETROIT-James F. Hopkins Inc., 6559 Hamilton Ave. WJBK. LEWISTON-Twin Cities Broadcasting Inc., 223 Lisbon St. Lewis- DETROIT-tICIng-Trendle Broadcasting Corp., 1700 Stroh Bldg. ton Le Messager. WCOU. WXYZ. Same ownership as WOOD, Grand Rapids, Mich. PORTLAND-Portland Broadcasting System Inc., 645-A Congress DETROIT-Knight Radio Corp., 44 E. Exchange St., Akron, 0. St. Portland Press -Herald and Express. WGAN. Detroit Free Press. (See listing for Akron.) DETROIT-Tellair Co., 1700 Firestone Parkway, Akron, 0. (See MARYLAND Akron.) ANNAPOLIS-t The Capital Broadcasting Co., Carvel Hall Hotel. DETROIT-tWJR, The Goodwill Station Inc., 2100 Fisher Bldg. BALTIMORE-t The A. S. Abell Co., Baltimore & Charles Sts. WJR. Same ownership as WJAR, Cleveland; KMPC, Beverly Baltimore Sun and Evening Sun. Hills, Cal. BALTIMORE-Atlas Broadcasting Co., 101 Old Town Bank Bldg. ESCANABA-tJohn P. Norton, 520 Third Ave. S. Escanaba Daily BALTIMORE-tBaltimore Broadcasting Corp., North Ave. at Press. Hartford Ave. WCBM. FLINT-tFlint Broadcasting Co., 503 S. Saginaw St. WFDF. BALTIMORE-t The Baltimore Radio Show Inc., 10 E. North Ave. FLINT-International Union, United Automobile, Aircraft and WFBR. Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW -CIO). (See BALTIMORE-t Belvedere Broadcasting Corp., 1408 Kingsway Rd. Detroit, Mich.) BALTIMORE-Hearst Radio Inc., Lexington Bldg. Baltimore News - GRAND RAPIDS-John E. Fetzer and Rhea Y. Fetzer d/b as Post. WEAL. (See New York City.) Fetzer Broadcasting Co., 124 W. Michigan Ave., Kalamazoo. BALTIMORE-tMaryland Broadcasting Co., 7 E. Lexington St. WJEF. Same ownership as WKZO, Kalamazoo, Mich. WITH, Baltimore; WLEE, Richmond, Va. GRAND RAPIDS-Grand Rapids Broadcasting Corp., 1325 Under- BALTIMORE-tMonumental Radio Co., 811 W. Lanvale St. WCAO. wood Ave. SE. BALTIMORE-WHOW Inc., 313 N. Charles St. (Ben Strouse, man- GRAND RAPIDS-King-TrendleBroadcastingCorp.,National ager of WWDC, Washington, president; G. Bennett Larson, Bank Bldg. WOOD. Same ownership as WXYZ, Detroit. manager of WPEN and WPEN-FM, Philadelphia, treasurer.) GRAND RAPIDS-Lear Inc., 1480 Buchanan Ave. SW. FREDERICK-tThe Monocacy Broadcasting Co., E. Church St. GRAND RAPIDS-Midwest FM Network Inc., 435 N. Michigan WFMD. Ave., Chicago. (See listing for Peoria, Ill.) HAGERSTOWN-tHagerstown Broadcasting Co., 33 W. Franklin GRAND RAPIDS-Leonard A. Versluis, 6 Fountain St. NE. WLAV. St. WJEJ. JACKSON-WIBM Inc., Hotel Hayes. WIBM. SALISBURY-tPeninsula Broadcasting Co., Radio Park. WBOC. LANSING-$WJIM Inc., Bank of Lansing Bldg. WJIM. MASSACHUSETTS MUSKEGON-tAshbacker Radio Corp., 424 Apple Ave. WKBZ. BOSTON-Columbia Broadcasting System Inc., 182 Tremont St. Same ownership as WKLA, Ludington, Mich. WEEI. See listing for Los Angeles. OWOSSO-The Argus Press Co., 201 E. Exchange St. BOSTON-Massachusetts Broadcasting Co., Copley Plaza Hotel. PONTIAC-tPontiac Broadcasting Co., Riker Bldg. WCAR. WCOP. Same ownership as Cowles Broadcasting Co., Des PORT HURON-f The Times -Herald Co., 907 Sixth St. Moines. ROYAL OAK-Royal Oak Broadcasting Co., 212 W. Sixth St. BOSTON-Matheson Radio Co. Inc., 62 Boylston St. WHDH. (Now WEXL. owned by Boston Herald -Traveler.) SAGINAW-t Saginaw Broadcasting Co., Eddy Bldg. WSAM. BOSTON-The Northern Corp., 70 Brookline Ave. WMEX. WYANDOTTE-*Wyandotte News Co., 3042 First St. Wyandotte BOSTON-Templetone Radio Manufacturing Corp., New London, News -Herald. Conn. MINNESOTA BOSTON-Unity Broadcasting Corp. of Massachusetts (ILGWU), 25 La Grange Square. (See also New York City.) DULUTH-Elmer A. Benson, Appleton, Minn. BOSTON-The Yankee Network Inc., 21 Brookline Ave. WNAC, MANKATO-1-F. B. Clements & Co., 101 N. Second Ave. KYSM. Boston; WEAN, Providence, R. I.; WAAB, Worcester, Mass.; MINNEAPOLIS -ST. PAUL-Elmer A. Benson, Appleton, Minn. WICC, Bridgeport, Conn.; WHTD, Hartford, Conn. Also FM MINNEAPOLIS -ST. PAUL-Columbia Broadcasting System Inc. stations WGTR, Worcester, and 'WMTW, Portland, Me. WCCO. (See Los Angeles, Cal.) BROCKTON-'Cur-Nan Co., 10 Postoffice Sq., Boston. MINNEAPOLIS -ST. PAUL-tIndependent Merchants Broadcast- BROCKTON-Enterprise Publishing Co., 60 Main St. Enterprise - ing Co., 1730 Hennepin Ave. WLOL. Interlocking ownership Times. with WIND, Chicago. BROCKTON-Mitchell G. Meyers, Reuben Aronheim and Mil-' MINNEAPOLIS -ST. PAUL-$KSTP Inc., Hotel St. Paul. KSTP. ton H. Meyers, 717 Main St., Fitchburg, Mass. WEIM, Fitchburg. MINNEAPOLIS -ST. PAUL-tMinnesota Broadcasting Corp., 115 BROCKTON-Plymouth County Broadcasting Corp., 106 Main St. E. Grant St. St. Paul Pioneer Press and Dispatch. WTCN. MINNEAPOLIS -ST. PAUL-Northwestern Theological Seminary CAMBRIDGE-Harvey Radio Laboratories Inc., 447 Concord Ave. and Bible Training School, 20 S. Eleventh St. CHICOPEE-Regional Broadcasting Co., 225 High St., Holyoke, MINNEAPOLIS -ST. PAUL-tWMIN Broadcasting Co., Mass. Anthony Ave. WMIN. 1287St. FALL RIVER-tFall River Broadcasting Co. Inc., 102 S. Main St. Fall River Herald News. WSAR. MOORHEAD-KVOX Broadcasting Co., 613I,First Ave. N., Far- FITCHBURG-tMitchell G. Meyers, Ruben Aronheim and Mil- go, N. D. KVOX. Same ownership as KSJB, Jamestown, N. D. ton H. Meyers, 717 Main St. WEIM. (See also Brockton, Mass., ROCHESTER-Elmer A. Benson, Appleton, Minn. and Waterbury, Conn.) ROCHESTER-tSouthern Minnesota Broadcasting Co., First Ave. GREENFIELD-*John W. Haigis, 354 Main St. WHAT. Bldg. KROC. GREENFIELD-*Recorder Publishing Corp., 397 Main St. Green- ST. CLOUD-The Times Publishing Co., 18 Sixth Ave. KFAM. field Recorder -Gazette. WINONA-Winona Radio Service, 216 Center St. Winona Repub- HAVERHILL-tHaverhill Gazette Co., 179 Merrimack St. lican -Herald. KWNO. HOLYOKE-tThe Hampden -Hampshire Corp., 180 High St. Holy- oke Transcript -Telegram. WHYN. MISSISSIPPI LAWRENCE-tHildreth & Rogers Co., 283 Essex St. Lawrence CLARKSDALE-tBirney Imes, Sr. Columbus (Miss.) Commercial - Eagle and Tribune. WLAW. Dispatch. WCBI, Columbus; WELO, Tupelo, Miss. LOWELL-Merrimac Broadcasting Co.Inc.,39 Kearney Sq. COLUMBUS-Maj. Birney Imes, Jr., Gilmer Hotel. WCBI, Colum- WLLH. Same ownership as WMAS, Springfield, Mass. bus; WELO, Tupelo, Miss. NEW BEDFORD-tE. Anthony & Sons, Inc., 12 Market St. WNBH, JACKSON-$Lamar Life Insurance Co., Box 2171. WJDX. New Bedford; WOCB, West Yarmouth, Mass. MERIDIAN-Maj. Birney Imes, Jr., Gilmer Hotel, Columbus, NEW BEDFORD-Bay State Broadcasting Co., 229 Coffin Ave. Miss. WCBI, Columbus; WELO, Tupelo, Miss. NORTH ADAMS-tJames A. Hardman, 25 Bank St. North Adams TUPELO-Maj. Birney Imes, Jr., Gilmer Hotel, Columbus, Miss. Transcript. WELO, Tupelo; WCBI, Columbus. PITTSFIELD-'Eagle Publishing Co.,33 EagleSt.Berkshire Evening Eagle. PITTSFIELD-tMonroe B. England, 8 Bank Row. WBRK. MISSOURI CAPE GIRARDEAU-Oscar C.Hirsch,324 Broadway. KFVS. SALEM-'North Shore Bcstg. Co., 126 Washington St. WESX. Same ownership as WKRO, Cairo. Ill. SPRINGFIELD-tWMAS Inc., 1757 Main St. WMAS. Same owner- JEFFERSON CITY-Capital Broadcasting Co.,210 Monroe St. ship as WLLH, Lowell, Mass. Jefferson City Capital -News and Post -Tribune. KWOS. WALTHAM-Bieberbach BroadcastingCorp., 10 PostOffice JOPLIN-tJoplin Broadcasting Co., Frisco Bldg. Joplin Globe and Square, Boston, Mass. News -Herald. WMBH. WALTHAM-Raytheon Manufacturing Co., Foundry Ave. KANSAS CITY-tKansas City Star Co., 1729 Grand Ave. WDAF. MICHIGAN KANSAS CITY-KCMOBroadcasting Co.,CommerceBldg. ANN ARBOR-tWashtenaw Bcstg. Co., 516 E. Liberty St. WPAG. KCMO. BATTLE CREEK-Federated Publications Inc., 38 W. State St. KANSAS CITY-tWHB Broadcasting Co., Scarritt Bldg. WHB. Battle Creek Enquirer and News. WELL. ST. JOSEPH-KFEQ Inc., Schneider Bldg. St. Joseph News -Press BAY CITY-Bay Broadcasting Co. Inc., 100 Center Ave. WBCM. and Gazette., KFEQ. BENTON HARBOR-t PalladiumPublishingCo., 61WallSt. ST. LOUIS-Columbia Broadcasting System, 401 S. Twelfth Blvd. Benton Harbor News -Palladium. KMOX. (See also Los Angeles, Cal.) DEARBORN-*Herman Radner, 17330 Wildemere Ave., Detroit. ST. LOUIS-Globe-Democrat Publishing Co., 1133 Franklin Ave_ WIBM, Jackson, Mich. St. Louis Globe -Democrat.

38 FMJOURNAL War is Never Over for the RED CROSS

They need your Red Cross today-and for many tomorrows!

THEYlie in hospitals, thousands of America's finest - sick, cruelly maimed in the fight for our freedom. Who is to write their letters, hear their troubles, answer when they call for "Mom"? Mom can't be there. But your Red Cross can, and must be there. Many thousands more young Americans are still overseas. They, too, count on the Red Cross for comfort and cheer. So won't you give to the Red Cross? Give now. This is your chance to say, "Thanks, Soldier, for all you've done!" YOUR Red Cross MUST CARRY ON / This space contributed by THE JOURNAL OF FREQUENCY MODULATION

MARCH, 1946 39 MISSOURI-Continued ATLANTIC CITY-t Press -Union PublishingCo.,1900Atlantic ST. LOUIS-tMissouri BroadcastingCorp.,3601LindellBlvd. Ave. WBAB. WIL. BRIDGETON-tEastern States Broadcasting Corp., Carll's Cor- ST. LOUIS-tThomas Patrick Inc., 4965 Lindell Blvd. KWK. ner. WSNJ. Same ownership as WTTM, Trenton, N. J. NEWARK-Atlantic Broadcasting Co.Inc.(now New Jersey ST. LOUIS-tPulitzer Publishing Co., 12th & Olive Sts. St. Louis Broadcasting Corp.), 2866 Hudson Blvd., Jersey City, N. J. Post -Dispatch. KSD. WHOM. (See also Cowles Broadcasting Co., Des. Moines.) ST. LOUIS-tSt. Louis University, 221 N. Grand Blvd. WEW. NEWARK-Evening News Publishing Co., 215 Market St. WBYN, ST. LOUIS-t Star -Times PublishingCo.,12th & Delmar Sts. Brooklyn, N. Y. KXOK. Same ownership as KFRU, Columbia, Mo. NEWARK-Fidelity Media Broadcasting Corp., 222 Tonnele Ave., ST. LOUIS-Unity Broadcasting Corp. of Missouri (ILGWU), 110 Jersey City, N. J. N. 9th St. (See New York City.) NEWARK-International Union,UnitedAutomobile,Aircraft SPRINGFIELD-Springfield Broadcasting Co. Inc., 508 St. Louis and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW -CIO), St. Springfield News and Leader -Press. KGBX. 411 W. Milwaukee Ave., Detroit. (See Detroit, Mich.) NEWARK-Radio Projects Inc., Room 2201, 233 Broadway, New NEBRASKA York City. Newark Star -Ledger. (Newhouse Newspapers; see LINCOLN-tCornbelt Broadcasting Corp., Stuart Bldg. KFOR. Jamaica, N. Y.) Same ownership as KOIL, Omaha. NEW BRUNSWICK-*Home News Publishing Co., 127 Church St. LINCOLN-KFAB Broadcasting Co., Sharp Bldg. Lincoln Star New Brunswick Home News. and Nebraska State Journal. KFAB. PATERSON-North Jersey Broadcasting Co. Inc., 115 Ellison St. OMAHA-Central State Broadcasting Co., Omaha National Bank WPAT. Bldg. KOIL. Same ownership as KFOR, Lincoln. PATERSON-*The Passaic Daily News, 140 Prospect St., Passaic, N. J. OMAHA-[Inland Broadcasting Co., 2027 Dodge St. KBON. TRENTON-t Mercer Broadcasting Co., 10 S. Stockton St. Tren- OMAHA-tWorld Publishing Co., 15th & Farnam Sts. Omaha ton Times. World Herald. KOWH. TRENTON-Trent Broadcast Corp., 35 W. State St. WTTM. Same ownership as WSNJ, Bridgeton, N. J. NEVADA LAS VEGAS-'Nevada Broadcasting Co., Box 1310. KENO. NEW YORK RENO-tReno Newspapers Inc., 123 N. Center St. Reno Nevada ALBANY-WOKO Inc., 6 Elk St. Albany Knickerbocker News. State Journal and Gazette. Speidel Newspapers, also own or WOKO. control KDON, Monterey, Cal.; KFBC, Cheyenne, Wyo.; WGNY, BINGHAMTON-Binghamton Press Co. Inc., 19 Chenango St. Newburgh, N. Y.; WKIP, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. BROOKLYN-Frequency Broadcasting Corp., 1250 Atlantic Ave. BROOKLYN-Elias I. Godofsky, 26 Court St. NEW HAMPSHIRE BUFFALO-t Roy L. Albertson, 485 Main St. WBNY. CLAREMONT-tClaremont Eagle Inc., 19 Sullivan St. Claremont BUFFALO-Buffalo Broadcasting Corp., Rand Bldg. WGR and Eagle. WKBW. MANCHESTER-t Harry M.Bitner,CarpenterHotel. WFEA. BUFFALO-tWEBR Inc., 23 North St. Buffalo Courier -Express. Same ownership as WFBM, Indianapolis, Ind. WEBR. MANCHESTER-tThe Radio Voice of New Hampshire Inc., 1819 BUFFALO-IWBEN Inc., Hotel Statler. Buffalo News. WREN. Elm St. WMUR. CORAM-Suffolk Broadcasting Corp., 330 New York Ave., Hunt- PORTSMOUTH-tWHEB Inc., Box 120. WHEB. ington, N. Y. CORNING-t W A. Underhill & E. S. Underhill, Jr., 114 Walnut NEW JERSEY St. Corning Leader. ASBURY PARK-*Asbury Park Press Inc., 605 Mattison Ave. DUNKIRK-'Dunkirk Printing Co.,8E. Second St. Dunkirk - ATLANTIC CITY-tNeptuneBroadcastingCorp.,SteelPier. Fredonia Observer. WFPG. Interlocking ownership with WKNY, Kingston, N. Y.; ELMIRA-Elmira Star -Gazette Inc., 201 Baldwin St. Elmira Star - WSTV, Steubenville, O.; WJPA, Washington, Pa. Gazette and Advertiser. WENY.

tailor-made for the man who wants authoritative information from the Wash- If your sights are on ington fountainhead.

TELEVISION DIGEST & FM REPORTS may fit your need. Write today for a sample of Martin Codel's TELEVISION DIGEST & FM It interprets trends, digests and analyzes the current mailing, including weekly REPORTS goes weeklytohundreds of the news, cuts through the maze of supplement, and find out. No obligation, alert executives who want to keep a Washington data,digs out and spot- of course. The weekly newsletters have step ahead of these swiftly moving arts. lights FM and TV opportunities.It's included such supplements as:

IK Directories ofFM and TV License and CP Holders, with detailed data about each. Film Producer:"The most reliable * Directories of FM and TV Applicants, detailed and kept up-to-date. * Cumulative Logs of Conditional Grants for New FM Stations. source of information in the television * FCC Rules and Engineering Standards Governing FM and TV, with charts, etc. field."-GEORGE SLAFF, Samuel Gold- * Allocation Plan for FM Broadcasting Stations (plus all assignments to date). wyn Productions Inc. * Television Allocation Maps (set of 13 specifying TV allocations by cities). * Estimates of Capital Investment and Operating Costs of FM and TV Stations. Station Manager:"A realcontri- . and numerous other directoriesandtabulations, printed in loose-leaf form for which bution to the development of television ready -reference binders are provided. Supplements are issued and revised regularly. and FM."-GEORGE M. BURBACH, KSD.

Engineer: "Your supplements and file data save us the cost of a full-time staffman."-PAUL A. DE MARS, Raymond M. Wilmotte, Inc.

Attorney:"A good job!"-JAMES LAWRENCE FLY, former Chairman, FCC. 1519 Connecticut Ave. N.W., Washington, D. C.

40 FMJOURNAL HORNELL-M. H. Greenhow Co., 85 Canisteo St. Hornell Tri- DURHAM-tDurhsun Radio Corp., 138 E. Chapel Hill St. Durham bune. Herald and Sun. WDNC. ITHACA-tComell University, Savings Bank Bldg. WHCU. FAYETTEVILLE-t Cape Fear Broadcasting Co., 114 Anderson St. JAMAICA-Radio Projects Inc., Room 2201, 233 Broadway, New WFNC. York City. Long Island Daily Press. Newhouse Newspapers; GASTONIA-W. C. Todd, Bank of Commerce Bldg. WGNC. also applicant for Newark, N. J., West New Brighton, N. Y., GOLDSBORO-Eastern Carolina Broadcasting Co. Inc., Borden and Syracuse, N. Y. Bldg. WGBR. JAMESTOWN-t James Broadcasting Co. Inc., Hotel Jamestown GREENSBORO-Greensboro Broadcasting Co. Inc., Ashe St. Ex- Bldg. WJTH. tension. WGBG. Interlocking ownership with WMFR, High KINGSTON-Kingston Broadcasting Corp., Broadway Theatre Point, N. C. Bldg. WKNY. (See also Neptune Broadcasting Corp., Atlantic GREENSBORO-tGreensboro News Co., corner N. Davis & Gas- City, N. J.) ton Sts Greensboro News and Record. MOUNT VERNON-Hudson Broadcasting System Inc., 1775 Broad- GREENSBORO-North Carolina Broadcasting Co. Inc., 0. Henry way, New York City. Hotel. WBIG. (See also Southeastern Broadcasting Co., Char- NEW YORK CITY-Amalgamated Broadcasting System Inc., 15 lotte, N. C.) Union Square. Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, Sidney Hillman, president. Applicant also for Chicago, Philadel- HICKORY-tCatawba Valley Broadcasting Co. Inc., Radio Bldg. phia, Rochester. WHKY. NEW YORK CITY-American Broadcasting Co. Inc., 30 Rocke- HIGH POINT-t High Point Enterprise Inc., 305 N. Main St. High feller Plaza. WJZ, New York; WENR, Chicago; KECA, Los Point Enterprise. Angeles; KGO, San Francisco. Also applicant for FM in New HIGH POINT-tRadio Station WMFR, 1561S. Main St. WMFR. York, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco. Interlocking ownership with WGBG, Greensboro, N. C. NEW YORK CITY-Book of the Month Club Broadcasting Corp., RALEIGH-News & Observer Publishing Co., 114 W. Martin St. 385 Madison Ave. RALEIGH-MPTF Radio Co., Insurance Bldg. WPTF. NEW YORK CITY-Debs Memorial Radio Fund Inc., 117 W. 46th ROANOKE RAPIDS-tTelecast Inc. St. Jewish Daily Forward. WEVD. ROANOKE RAPIDS-tWCBT Inc., Box 629. WCBT. NEW YORK CITY-Bernard Fein, 26 Pinecrest Drive, Hastings - ROCKY MOUNT-tJosh L. Horne, 150 Howard St. Rocky Mount on -the -Hudson, N. Y. Telegram. NEW YORK CITY-Greater New York Broadcasting Corp., 730 Fifth Ave. WNEW and WOV. ROCKY MOUNT-tWilliam Avera Wynne, Box '752. WEED. NEW YORK CITY-Hearst Radio Inc., 25 W. 43rd St. New York SALISBURY-tPiedmont Broadcasting Co., Yadkin Hotel. Salis- Journal -American. WINS. Same ownership as WBAL, Balti- bury Post. WSTP. more; WCAE, Pittsburgh; WISN, Milwaukee. Also applicants WASHINGTON-tTar Heel Broadcasting System Inc., Bank of for FM in Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Milwaukee, San Francisco. Washington Bldg. WRRF. NEW YORK CITY-Metropolitan Broadcasting Service, 111 WILMINGTON-tRichard AustinDunlea,CastleHayne Rd. Broadway (c/o Orie R. Kelly). WMFD, NEW YORK CITY-News Syndicate Co. Inc.,220 E. 42nd St. WILMINGTON-tR. B. Page & R. B. Page, Jr., Murchison Bldg. New York Daily News. Wilmington Star and News. NEW YORK CITY-New York Sun Broadcasting Co. Inc., 280 WILSON-P. D. Gold Publishing Co., 113 Goldsboro St. Wilson Broadway. New York Sun. Times. NEW YORK CITY-NMU Broadcasting Co. Inc., 346 W. 17th St. WILSON-Penn Thomas Watson, P. 0. Box 976. WGTM. WINSTON-SALEM-Piedmont Publishing Co., 416 N. Marshall St. NEW YORK CITY-Peoples Radio Foundation Inc., 100 Fifth Ave. Winston-Salem Journal and Twin City Sentinal. WSJS and NEW YORK CITY-Supreme Broadcasting SystemInc.,37-21 WMIT (FM Rural). This is application for Community station. Eighty-fifth St., Jackson Heights, L. I. WINSTON-SALEM-t C. G. Hill and George D. Walker, Pepper NEW YORK CITY-Unity BroadcastingCorp.of New York, (ILGWU), 1710 Broadway; David Dubinsky, president. Applicant Bldg. WAIR. alsofor Boston, Philadelphia, Chattanooga,St.Louis, Los NORTH DAKOTA Angeles. FARGO-Northwest Broadcasting Co., Gardner Hotel. NEW YORK CITY-WBNX Broadcasting Co. Inc., 260 E. 161st St. WBNX. NEW YORK CITY-WLIB Inc.,846Flatbush Ave.,Brooklyn, OHIO New York Post. WLIB. AKRON-The Akron Radio Corp., 2200 First -Central Tower. NEW YORK CITY-WMCA Inc., 1657 Broadway. WMCA. AKRON-Allen T. Simmons, Box 830. WADC. OGDENSBURG-tSt. Lawrence Broadcasting Corp., 2315 Knox AKRON-Knight Radio Corp., 44 E. Exchange St. Akron Beacon - St. WSLB. Journal, Detroit Free Press, Chicago Daily News, Miami Her- ONEONTA-Oneonta Star Inc., 12 Broad St. ald, WQAM, Miami; purchase of 42% in WIND, Chicago, pend- OSWEGO-tPalladium-Times Inc., 172 W. First St. ing. Also applicant for FM in Chicago, Detroit, Miami. POUGHKEEPSIE-Poughkeepsie Newspapers Inc., 85 New Mar- AKRON-Summit Radio Corp., 106 S. Main St. WAKR. ket St. Poughkeepsie New Yorker. WKIP. (See also Reno News- AKRON-Telair Inc., 1200 Firestone Parkway. Also applicant for papers Inc., Reno, Nev.) FM in Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit. ROCHESTER-tAmalgamated Broadcasting System Inc., 11 Union AKRON-United Broadcasting Co., 418 Plain Dealer Bldg., Cleve- Square, New York City. (See New York City.) land. WHKK. (See also Cleveland, 0.) ROCHESTER-Monroe Broadcasting Co. Inc., 191 East Ave. ALLIANCE-tReview Publishing Co., 28 Linden Ave. Alliance SYRACUSE-t Central New York Broadcasting Corp., 224 Harri- Review. son St. WSYR. Same ownership as WTRY, Troy, N. Y.; WKNE, ASHLAND-tRobert M. Beer and Edgar Koehl d/b as Beer & Keene, N. H.; WELE, New Haven, Conn. Also applicant for FM Koehl, 40 E. Second St. Ashland Times -Gazette. in Troy, N. Y. ASHTABULA-WICA Inc., 221 Center St. Ashtabula Star -Beacon. SYRACUSE-tOnondaga Radio Broadcasting Corp., Warren & WICA. Jefferson Sts. WFBL. ATHENS-t Messenger Publishing Co., 43 W. Union St. Athens SYRACUSE-tRadio ProjectsInc., Room 2201,233 Broadway, Messenger. New York City. Syracuse Herald -American. (See Jamaica, N. BELLAIRE--Tri-City Broadcasting Co., 3266 Guernsey St. Mar- Y.) tins Ferry -Bellaire Times Leader. SYRACUSE-tSyracuse Broadcasting Corp., 306 S. Salina St. CANTON-Ohio Broadcasting Co., 550 Market Ave. S. Canton SYRACUSE-tWAGE Inc., 108 W. Jefferson St. WAGE. Repository. WHBC. TROY-Troy Broadcasting Co. Inc., 92 Fourth St. WTRY. (See CANTON-Stark Broadcasting Corp., 2547 Broad Ave. N.W. also Central New York Broadcasting Corp., Syracuse, N. Y.) CANTON-P. C. Wilson, 1414 Twelfth St. NE. TROY-tTroy Record Co., 501 Broadway. Troy Record and Times - CINCINNATI-tBuckeye BroadcastingCo.,140 W. NinthSt. Record. WSAI. Same ownership as WJJD, Chicago. UTICA-Utica Observer -Dispatch Inc., 221 Oriskany Plaza. CINCINNATI-4Cincinnati Times -Star Co., 800 Broadway. WKRC. UTICA-tWIBX Inc., 187 Genesee St. WIBX. CINCINNATI-tThe Crosley Corp., Ninth & Elm Sts. WLW. Also WATERTOWN-tThe Brockway Co., 120 Arcade St. Watertown applicant for FM in Columbus, Dayton, Washington. Times. WWNY. CINCINNATI-tScripps-Howard Radio Inc., Union Central Bldg. WEST NEW BRIGHTON-Radio ProjectsInc., Room 2201,233 WCPO. Cincinnati Post. Same ownership as WNOX, Knoxville; Broadway, New York City. (See Jamaica, N. Y.) WMC, Memphis. Also applicant for FM in Cleveland, Pittsburgh, WHITE PLAINS-'Westchester Broadcasting Corp., Post Road Indianapolis, Memphis, San Francisco. & Chester Ave. White Plains Reporter -Dispatch. WFAS. CINCINNATI-tL. B. Wilson Inc., Hotel Gibson. WCKY. CLEVELAND-Cleveland BroadcastingInc.,1708 Union Com- merce Bldg. CLEVELAND-International Union, United Automobile, Aircraft NORTH CAROLINA and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (UAW -CIO), AHOSKIE-Parker Brothers Inc., corner McGlohon and North 411 W. Milwaukee Ave., Detroit. (See Detroit, Mich.) Sts. CLEVELAND-National Broadcasting Co. Inc., 815 Superior Ave. BURLINGTON-tAlamance Broadcasting Co. Inc., 3101,S. Main NE. WTAM. (See Washington, D. C.) St. WBBB. CLEVELAND-Samuel R. Sague, 210 Heights Rockefeller Bldg., BURLINGTON-Burlington-Graham Broadcasting Co., State The- Cleveland Hts., 0. atre Bldg. CLEVELAND-Scripps-Howard Radio Inc., Union Central Bldg., CHARLOTTE-t Southeastern Broadcasting Co., Jefferson Stand- Cincinnati. Cleveland Press. (See Cincinnati, 0.) ard Bldg. WBT. Interlocking ownership with WBIG, Greens- CLEVELAND-Telair Co., 1200 Firestone Parkway, Akron. (See boro, N. C.; WORD, Spartanburg, S. C. Akron, 0.)

MARCH, 1946 41 OHIO-Continued MUSKOGEE-tMuskogee Broadcasting Co., 800 Manhattan Bldg. CLEVELAND-United Broadcasting Co., 418 Plain Dealer Bldg. MUSKOGEE--Oklahoma PressPublishingCo.,Barnes Bldg. Cleveland Plain Dealer. WHK. Same ownership as WHKC, Muskogee Phoenix and Times -Democrat. KBIX. Columbus, and WHKK, Akron, and minority owner of WKBN, OKLAHOMA CITY-tKOMA Inc., 13iltmore Hotel. KOMA. Same Youngstown. Also applicant for FM in Columbus and Akron. ownership as KTUL, Tulsa. CLEVELAND-United Garage & Service Corp., 2020 W. Third St. OKLAHOMA CITY-$WKY RadiophoneCo.,SkirvinTower CLEVELAND-WGAR Broadcasting Co., 12th St. & Euclid Ave. Hotel. Oklahoma City Oklahoman and Times. WKY. Same WGAR. Same ownership as WJR, Detroit, and KMPC, Beverly ownership as KLZ, Denver, and KVOR, Colorado Springs. Hills, Cal. OKLAHOMA City-tPlaza Court Broadcasting Co., Plaza Court. CLEVELAND-WJW Inc., 1375 Euclid Ave. WJW. KOCY. COLUMBUS-The Crosley Corp., Crosley Square, Cincinnati. (See OKLAHOMA City-Sooner Broadcasting Co., 2712 First National Cincinnati.) Bldg. COLUMBUS-Ohio Council of Farm Cooperatives, 16 E. Broad St. OKLAHOMA CITY-t0. L. Taylor, 1800 W. Main St. KTOK. COLUMBUS-tLloyd A. Pixley, Martha P. Pixley, Milton A. SHAWNEE-tKGFF Broadcasting Co., Ninth & Bell Sts. Shawnee Pixley and Grace M. Pixley, d/b as The Pixleys, 33 N. High St. News -Star. KGFF. WCOL. TULSA-tFred Jones and Mary Eddy Jones d/b as Fred Jones COLUMBUS-United Broadcasting Co., Plain Dealer Bldg., Cleve- Broadcasting Co., 1201 S. Boston St. land. WHKC. (See Cleveland.) TULSA-Tulsa Broadcasting Co., National Bank of Tulsa Bldg. COLUMBUS-Unity Corp., 1014 Edison Bldg., Toledo, 0. (See KTUL. Same ownership as KOMA, Oklahoma City. Toledo.) TULSA-World Publishing Co., and Tulsa Tribune Co., 317 S. DALTON-Ohio Council of Farm Cooperatives, 16 E. Broad St., Boulder St. Tulsa World and Tulsa Tribune. Columbus, 0. DAYTON-The Crosley Corp., Ninth & Elm Sts., Cincinnati. (See OREGON Cincinnati, 0.) GRANTS PASS-Southern Oregon Broadcasting Co., P. 0. Box DAYTON-Great Trails Broadcasting Corp.,121 N. Main St. 43. Grants Pass Courier. KUIN. WING. Same ownership as WIZE, Springfield, and Lancaster MEDFORD-*Medford Printing Co., 27 N. Fir St. Medford Mail (0.) Eagle -Gazette. Tribune. KFLW, Klamath Falls, Ore., and KRNR, Roseburg, Ore. DAYTON-Miami Valley Broadcasting Corp., 45 S. Ludlow St. Dayton Daily News. WHIO. Same ownership as WIOD, Miami MEDFORD-tMrs. W. J. Virgin, Rose Lane. KMED. (Miami News), WSB, Atlanta (Atlanta Journal). PORTLAND-tStanley M. Goard, George W. Phillips, Robert T. DAYTON-Skyland Broadcasting Corp., Callahan Bldg. (Ronald Zabell, James L. Murray d/b as Broadcasters Oregon, Ltd., 411 Woodyard, owner of WINK, Fort Myers, Fla., and 40% owner of SW Salmon St. WIZE, Springfield, 0., president.) PORTLAND-tKALE Inc., 919 SW Taylor St. Oregon Journal. DOVER-"Tuscora Broadcasting Co., 350 Reporter Ct. Dover Re- KALE. porter. PORTLAND-tKOIN Inc., Broadway & Salmon. KOIN. PORTLAND-MXL Broadcasters, Orpheum Bldg. KXL. Inter- DUNKIRK-Ohio Council of Farm Cooperatives, 16 E. Broad St., locking control with KFPY, Spokane, Wash.; KGIR, Butte, Columbus, 0. Mont.; KPFA, Helena, Mont.; KRBM, Bozeman, Mont. S. Main FINDLAY-Fred R. Hover d/b as Findlay Radio Co., 500,, PORTLAND-tOregonian PublishingCo.,537 SW Sixth Ave. St. WFIN. Portland Oregonian. KGW. FOSTORIA-*Laurence W. Harry, 920 N. County Line St. PORTLAND-tPacific Radio Advertising Service, 613 SW Alder FOSTORIA-Lucian E. Kinn, 963 N. Union St. St. KWJJ. FREMONT-*Robert F. Wolfe & Margaret Wolfe d/b as Robert PORTLAND-Westinghouse Radio Stations Inc., 1011 SW Sixth F. Wolfe Co., RFD No. 1. St. KEX. Also licensee of Stations KYW and KYW-FM, Phila- HAMILTON-*Fort Hamilton Broadcasting Co., Second National delphia; WBZ and WBZ-FM, Boston; WBZA and WBZA-FM, Bank Bldg. WMOH. Springfield, Mass.; KDKA and KDKA-FM, Pittsburgh; WOWO LANCASTER-Ohio Council of Farm Cooperatives, 16 E. Broad and WOWO-FM, Fort Wayne, Ind. St., Columbus, 0. PENNSYLVANIA LEBANON-Ohio Council of Farm Cooperatives, 16 E. Broad St., ALLENTOWN-tLehigh Valley Broadcasting Co., 39 N. Tenth St. Columbus, 0. Allentown Call and Chronicle. WSAN. LIMA-Fort Industry Co., New Center Bldg., Detroit, Mich. (See ALLENTOWN-N. Joe Rahall, Sam G. Rahall, Farris E. Rahall Detroit.) and Deem F. Rahall tr/as Allentown Broadcasting Co., 21412 LIMA-Unity Corp.Inc.,1014 Edison Bldg., Toledo,0.(See Main St., Beckley, W. Va. (See also Norristown, Pa.) Toledo.) ALTOONA-tGable Broadcasting Co., 1320 Eleventh Ave. WFBG. LORAIN-Lorain Journal Co., 205 Seventh St. BEAVER FALLS-Beaver County Broadcasting Corp., 622 Sev- MANSFIELD-Mansfield Journal Co., 24 W. Fourth. St. enth Ave. MANSFIELD-Richland Inc., 144% Park Ave., West Mansfield. BEAVER FALLS-Tribune Printing Co., 715 Thirteenth St. Bea- WMAN. ver Falls -New Brighton News Tribune. MANSFIELD-Unity Corp. Inc.,1014 Edison Bldg., Toledo, 0. BETHLEHEM-Associated Broadcasters Inc.,516 Northampton (See Toledo.) St., Easton, Pa. (See WGAL, Inc., Lancaster, Pa.) MARION-$Marion Broadcasting Co., N. Main St. WMRN. BETHLEHEM-tBethlehem Globe Publishing Co., 202 W Fourth NEWARK-tAdvocate Printing Co., 25 W. Main St. Newark Ad- St. vocate and American Tribune. BRADFORD-tBradford Publications Inc., 43 Main St. Bradford SPRINGFIELD-Radio Voice of Springfield Inc., 117 W. High St. Era and Star & Record. WIZE. Same ownership as WING, Dayton, and Lancaster (0.) BUTLER-Eagle Printing Co. Inc., 114 W. Diamond St. Butler Eagle -Gazette. Eagle. SPRINGFIELD-Unity Corp. Inc., 1014 Edison Bldg., Toledo, 0. BUTLER-David H. Rosenblum tr/as Butler Broadcasting Co., 357 (See Toledo.) N. Main St. WISR. STEUBENVILLE-Valley BroadcastingCo.,ExchangeRealty CLEARFIELD-tAirplane and Marine Instruments Inc. Bldg. WSTV. DU BOIS-tTri-County Broadcasting Co. Inc., 80 N. Park Place. TOLEDO-Community Broadcasting Co., 709 Madison Ave. WTOL WCED. TOLEDO-tFort Industry Co., New Center Bldg., Detroit, Mich. EASTON-*Easton Publishing Co. Easton Express. WSPD. Also owns or controls WGBS, Miami, Fla.; WLOK, Lima, O.; WAGA, Atlanta, Ga.; WHIZ, Zanesville, O.; WMMN, ERIE-tPresque Isle Broadcasting Co., 121 W. 10th St. WERC. Fairmount, W. Va.; WWVA, Wheeling, W. Va.' with minority ERIE-Unity Corp. Inc., 1014 Edison Bldg., Toledo, 0. (See To- interests in CKL,W, Windsor -Detroit, and KIM', Seattle, Wash. ledo.) Also applicant for FM in Miami, Atlanta, Wheeling. ERIE-WLEU Broadcasting Corp., Commerce Bldg. WLEU. TOLEDO-Toledo Blade Co.,533 SuperiorSt.Toledo Blade. HARRISBURG-Harold 0. Bishop, 604-A Maclay. Owned by Paul Block interests which control WWSW and HARRISBURG-Keystone Broadcasting Corp., 31 N. Second St. WMOT (FM), Pittsburgh, Pa. WKBO. (See WGAL Inc., Lancaster, Pa.) TOLEDO-tUnity Corp. Inc., 1014 Edison Bldg. Also applicant for FM in Columbus, Springfield, Lima and Mansfield (all Ohio) HARRISBURG-tThe Patriot Co., 105 N. Front St. Harrisburg and Erie, Pa. Patriot and News. WARREN-"Frank T. Nied and Perry H. Stevens, d/b as Nied & HARRISBURG-tWHP Inc., Telegraph Bldg. Harrisburg Tele- Stevens, First Central Tower, Akron. WRRN. graph. WIIP. WOOSTER-$Wooster Republican Printing Co., 212 E. Liberty St. HAZLETON-Hazleton Broadcasting Service Inc., Hazleton Na- Wooster Record. tional Bank Bldg. WAZL. (See WGAL Inc., Lancaster, Pa.) YOUNGSTOWN-tWFMJ Broadcasting Co., 101 W. Boardman St. JOHNSTOWN-tWJAC Inc. Johnstown Tribune. WJAC. Youngstown Vindicator. WFMJ. LANCASTER-tPeoples Broadcasting Co., R. D. 3. YOUNGSTOWN-$WKBN Broadcasting Corp., 17 N. Champion St. LANCASTER-tWGAL Inc., 8 W. King St. Lancaster New Era WKBN. and Intelligencer-Journal. WGAL. Same interests own or control WAZL, Hazleton, Pa.; WEST, Easton, Pa.; WORK, York, Pa.; ZANESVILLE-Southeastern Ohio Broadcasters Inc. Lind Arcade WKBO, Harrisburg,Pa.; WRAW, Reading, Pa.(minority); Bldg. WHIZ. Same ownership as Fort Industry Co. (See Toledo.) WDEL, Wilmington, Del. Applicant for FM in Wilmington, OKLAHOMA Del., Hazleton, York, Bethlehem, Harrisburg. ARDMORE-tJohn F. Easley, Hotel Ardmore. Ardmore Ardmor- LEWISTOWN-Lewistown Broadcasting Co.,5 W. Market St. ette. KVSO. Lewistown Sentinel. WMRF. DURANT-Democrat Printing Co.,129 N. Third Ave. Durant MEADVILLE-tDr. H. C. Winslow, M.D., 883 Water St. Daily Democrat. NORRISTOWN-Rahall Broadcasting Co., 21912 Main St., Beck- LAWTON-tOklahoma Quality Broadcasting Co.,17th & East ley, W. Va. (See also Allentown, Pa.) Ave., Oklahoma City. KSWO. NEW CASTLE-WKST Inc., Cathedral Bldg. WKST.

42 FMJOURNAL OIL CITY-Derrick Publishing Co., 5 Center St. Oil City Derrick CHATTANOOGA-tWDOD Broadcasting Corp., Hamilton Nation- and Blizzard. al Bank Bldg. WDOD. PHILADELPHIA-Amalgamated Broadcasting System Inc.,11 CHATTANOOGA-Mark K. Wilson, 406 Loveman Bldg. Union Square, New York City. (See New York City.) CLARKSVILLE-tWilliamKleeman,Masonic TempleBldg. PHILADELPHIA-Percy B. Crawford, P. 0. Box 1. WJZM. PHILADELPHIA-Crescent Broadcast Corp., 1017 Public Ledger CLARKSVILLE-theaf-Chronicle Co., 112 S. Second St. Clarks- Bldg. ville Leaf -Chronicle. PHILADELPHIA-Independence Broadcasting Co., Ledger Bldg. JACKSON-tSun Publishing Co. Inc., 104 W. Baltimore St. Jack- WHAT. son Sun. WTJS. PHILADELPHIA-The Philadelphia Inquirer, a division of Tri- JOHNSON CITY-tWJHL Inc., 412 S. Roan St. WJHL. angle Publications Inc., 400 N. Broad St. Application pending KNOXVILLE-tS. E. Adcock, 531 S. Gay St. WROL. for purchase of WFIL and WFIL-FM. KNOXVILLE-Radio Station WBIR Inc., 406 W. Church St. WBIR. PHILADELPHIA-Unity BroadcastingCorp.ofPennsylvania (See American Broadcasting Corp. of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.) (ILGWU), 128 N. Tenth St. (See New York City.) KNOXVILLE-t Knoxville Publishing Co., 618 S. Gay St. Knox- PHILADELPHIA-WDAS Broadcasting Station Inc., 1211 Chest- ville Journal. nut St. WDAS. MEMPHIS-t Herbert Herff, 295 Union Ave. PITTSBURGH-Allegheny Broadcasting Corp., Union Trust Bldg. MEMPHIS-Memphis Publishing Co., 495 Union Ave. Memphis KQV. Commercial Appeal. WMC. (See Scripps -Howard Radio Inc., PITTSBURGH-Liberty BroadcastingCo.,708SinclairBldg., Cincinnati, 0.) Steubenville, 0. WSTV, Steubenville. MEMPHIS-WMPS Inc., 62 N. Main St. WMPS. PITTSBURGH-Pittsburgh Radio Supply House, 411 Seventh Ave. WJAS. Same ownership as WHJB, Greensburg, Pa. MEMPHIS-$Hoyt B. Wooten, Hotel Peabody. WREC. PITTSBURGH-Scripps-Howard Radio Inc., 1121 Union Central NASHVILLE-Nashville Radio Corp., 1100 Broadway. Nashville Bldg., Cincinnati. Pittsburgh Press. (See Cincinnati, 0.) Banner and Nashville Tennessean. PITTSBURGH-WCAE Inc., William Penn Hotel. Pittsburgh Sun - NASHVILLE-tJack M. Draughon & Louis R. Draughon d/b as Telegraph. WCAE. (See Hearst Radio Inc., New York City.) WSIX Broadcasting Co., Nashville Trust Bldg. WSIX. PITTSBURGH-West Virginia Radio Corp., 446 Spruce St., Mor- TEXAS gantown, W. Va. WAJR, Morgantown. Also applicant for Mor- ABILENE-Reporter Broadcasting Co., Hilton Hotel. Abilene Re- gantown, W. Va. porter News. KRBC. POTTSVILLE-Miners Broadcasting Service, Coal and E. Nor- AMARILLO-Amarillo Broadcasting Corp., 109 E. Fifth St. KFDA. wegian Sts. (See American Broadcasting Corp. of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.) READING-Berks Broadcasting Co., 533 Penn St. WEEU. AMARILLO-Plains Radio Broadcasting Co., Eighth & Harrison READING-tHawley Broadcasting Co., 30 N. Fourth St. Reading Sts. Amarillo Globe & News. KGNC. Eagle and Times. AUSTIN-Frontier Broadcasting Co. Inc., Norwood Bldg. Austin READING-Reading Broadcasting Co., 533 Penn St. WRAW. (See American and Statesman. KNOW. WGAL Inc., Lancaster, Pa.) BEAUMONT-tKRIC Inc., 380 Walnut St. Beaumont Enterprise SCRANTON-f Scranton Broadcasters Inc., 1000 Wyoming Ave. and Journal. KRIC. WGBI. BROWNSVILLE-'Brownsville Herald Publishing Co., 1263 SE SHARON-Sharon Herald Broadcasting Co., Box 541. WPIC. Adams St. SUNBURY-tSunbury Broadcasting Corp., 1150 N. Front St. Sun- COLLEGE STATION-Agricultural & MechanicalCollege.of bury Daily Item. WKOK. Texas. WTAW. UNIONTOWN-tFayette BroadcastingCorp.,3W. MainSt. DALLAS-A. H. Belo Corp., 801 Commerce St. Dallas News. WMBS. WFAA. UNIONTOWN-$Uniontown Newspapers Inc., 8 Church St. Union- DALLAS-Dalworth Broadcasting Co. town Herald and Standard. DALLAS-KRLD Radio Corp., Times -Herald Bldg. Dallas Times - WASHINGTON-Observer Printing Co., 122 S. Main St. Wash- Herald. KRLD. ington Observer and Reporter. FORT WORTH-Carter Publications Inc., 400 W. Seventh St. Fort WASHINGTON-Washington Broadcasting Co., George Washing- Worth Star -Telegram. KGKO. ton Hotel. WJPA. GALVESTON-tICLUF Broadcasting Co.Inc.,6002 Broadway. WILKES-BARRE-tLouis G. Baltimore, 62 Franklin St. WBRE. KLUF. WILKES-BARRE-Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-PittstonBroadcasting HARLINGEN-tHarbenito Broadcasting Co. Inc., Box 711 KGBS. Co. Inc., 156 Prospect St. HARLINGEN-Valley Publishing Co., 213S. Second St. Har- WILLIAMSPORT-tWRAK Inc., 244 W. Fourth St. Williamsport lingen Valley Morning Star. Gazette -Bulletin and Sun. WRAK. HOUSTON-f Houston Printing Co., 2318 Polk Ave. Houston Post. YORK-f Susquehanna Broadcasting Co., 47 E. Market St. WSBA. KPRC. YORK-tWhite Rose Broadcasting Co., 35 E. King St. HOUSTON-tKTRH Broadcasting Co., Main & Texas. Houston YORK-York Broadcasting Co., 13 S. Beaver St. WORK. (See Chronicle. KTRH. WGAL Inc., Lancaster, Pa.) HOUSTON-Lee Seegal Broadcasting Co., Citizens Bank Bldg. HOUSTON-Texas Star BroadcastingCo.,Southern Standard RHODE ISLAND Bldg. KTHT. PAWTUCKET-Pawtucket Broadcasting Co., 450 Main St. WCFI. McALLEN-Valley Evening Monitor Inc., 21 S. Twelfth St. Mc- PROVIDENCE-Cherry & Webb Broadcasting Co., 15 Chestnut Allen Valley Monitor. St. WPRO. SAN ANGELO-KGKL Inc., Saint Angelus Hotel. San Angelo PROVIDENCE-Colonial Broadcasting Co., Putnam Savings Bank Standard Times. KGKL. Interlocking ownership with KBST, Bldg., Putnam, Conn. Big Spring, Tex.; KPLT, Paris, Tex.; KRIS, Corpus Christi, Tex. SAN ANTONIO-tHoward W. Davis tr/as The Walmac Co., Na- PROVIDENCE-The Outlet Co., 176 Weyhosset St. WJAR. tional Bank of Commerce Bldg. KMAC. PROVIDENCE-Providence Journal Co., 75 Fountain St. SAN ANTONIO-Express Publishing Co., publisher of San An- PROVIDENCE-The Yankee Network Inc., Crown Hotel. WEAN. tonio Express. (See Boston, Mass.) SAN ANTONIO-Southland Industries Inc., WOAI Bldg. WOAI. WOONSOCKET-Joseph M. Viana, 13-17 Social St. SAN ANTONIO-SunshineBroadcastingCo., GunterHotel. KTSA. SOUTH CAROLINA TEMPLE-Bell Broadcasting Co. Inc., Kyle Hotel Bldg. Temple ANDERSON-$Wilton E. Hall, 115 E. Market St. Anderson In- Telegram. KTEM. dependent and Daily Mail. WAIN'. TEXARKANA-tKCMC Inc.,317 Pine St. Texarkana Gazette. CHARLESTON-tAtlantic Coast Broadcasting Co., 133 Church St. KCMC. Charleston News & Courier. WTMA. TYLER-East Texas Broadcasting Co., 115 S. College St. KGKB. COLUMBIA-t Surety Life Insurance Co., 1811 Main St. WIS. VERNON-Northwestern Broadcasting Co.,1818 Wilbarger St. GREENVILLE-tGreenville News -Piedmont Co.,305 Main St. KVWC. Greenville News & Piedmont. WFBC. WACO-Frontier Broadcasting Co., 408 Amicable Life Bldg. Waco GREENVILLE-t Textile Broadcasting Co., 3 College St. WMRC. Times -Herald. WACO. GREENWOOD-tGrenco Inc., Willson St. WCRS. WICHITA FALLS-tTimes Publishing Co. of Wichita Falls, 7th & ROCK HILL-York County Broadcasting Co., National Bank Scott Sts. Wichita Falls Times and Record -News. Bldg. WRHI. WICHITA FALLS-Wichita Broadcasters, Kemp Hotel. KWFT. SPARTANBURG-$Spartanburg Advertising Co., 224 E. Main St. WSPA. UTAH SPARTANBURG-Spartanburg Broadcasting Co., 291 E. Main St. Spartanburg Herald -Journal. WORD. (See also Southeastern SALT LAKE CITY-tlntermountain Broadcasting Corp., Tribune - Broadcasting Co., Charlotte, N. C. Telegram Bldg. KDYL. VERMONT TENNESSEE BRATTLEBORO-Brattleboro Publishing Co., 73 Main St. Brat- BRISTOL-$Radiophone Broadcasting Station, 410 State St. WOPI. tleboro Reformer (daily) and Vermont Phoenix (weekly). CHATTANOOGA-tUnityBroadcastingCorp.ofTennessee (ILGWU), 1024 Hamilton National Bank Bldg. (See New York VIRGINIA City.) DANVILLE-PiedmontBroadcastingCorp.,HotelDanville. CHATTANOOGA-Ramon G. Patterson and Louise Patterson WBTM. (See also Lynchburg Broadcasting Co., Lynchburg, Va.) Pursley d/bas WAPO Broadcasting Service, Read House. HARRISONBURG-Shenandoah Valley Broadcasting Corp., New- WAPO. man Bldg. WSVA.

MARCH, 1946 43 VIRGINIA-Continued WHEELING-Community Broadcasting Inc., 608 Woodlawn Ave. LYNCHBURG-tOld Dominion Broadcasting Co., 218 Woodland WKWK. Same ownership as WJLS, Beckley, W. Va. Ave. WHEELING-West VirginiaBroadcastingCo.,Hawley Bldg. LYNCHBURG-tLynchburg Broadcasting Corp., Page St. WLVA. WWVA. (See Fort Industry Co., Toledo, 0.) Interlocking ownership with WBTM, Danville; WSLS, Roanoke. NEWPORT NEWS-Htunptc^ RoadsBroadcastingCorp.,2400 WISCONSIN West Ave. Newport News 'ress and Times -Herald. WGH. GREEN BAY-tGreen Bay Newspaper Co., Walnut & Madison NORFOLK-tWTAR Radio National Bank of Commerce Sts. Green Bay Press -Gazette. Bldg. Norfolk Virginian -Pilot and Ledger -Dispatch. WTAR. GREEN BAY-WHBY Inc., Bellin Bldg. WTAQ. Same ownership PORTSMOUTH-tPortsmouth Radio Corp., 205 Professional Bldg. as WHBY, Appleton, Wis. WSAP. GREENFIELD-Milliam C. Forrest, RFD No. 2, Poynette, Wis. PORTSMOUTH-Portsmouth Star Publishing Co., 101 High St. WIBU, Poynette. RICHMOND-tHavens & Martin Inc., 3301 W. Broad St. WMBG. GREENFIELD-Midwest Broadcasting Co., 800 Brander Bldg., RICHMOND-Richmond Radio Corp., 323 E. Grace St. Richmond Milwaukee, Wis. News -Leader and Times -Dispatch. WRNL. JANESVILLE-Gazette Printing Co., 200 E. Milwaukee St. Janes- ROANOKE-Roanoke Broadcasting Corp., Shenandoah Life Bldg. ville Gazette. WCLO. WSLS. (See also Lynchburg Broadcasting Co., Lynchburg, Va.) LA CROSSE-#WKBH Inc., 409 Main St. WKBH. ROANOKE-Times-World Corp., 201 W. Campbell Ave. Roanoke MADISON-tBadger Broadcasting Co., 110 E. Main St. Madison Times and World -News. WDBJ. Capital -Times. WIBA. VIENNA-Edwin H. Armstrong, C. M. Jansky, Jr. & Stuart L. MARSHFIELD-Dairylands Broadcasting Service Inc., north end Bailey d/b as FM Development Foundation, 970 National Press of Central Ave. Interlocking ownership with WIGM, Medford, Bldg., Washington, D. C. Maj. Armstrong is licensee of FM Wis. Also applicant for Stevens Point and Wisconsin Rapids. station WFMN, Alpine, N. J. MILWAUKEE-Hearst Radio Inc., 123 W. Michigan St. Milwaukee WINCHESTER-tRichard Field Lewis, Jr., Kerr St.. WINC. Sentinel. WISN. (See New York City.) MILWAUKEE-Myles H. Johns, 225 E. Bradley Road. WOSH, Oshkosh, Wis. WASHINGTON MILWAUKEE-Midwest Broadcasting Co., 800 Brunder Bldg. EVERETT-Everett Broadcasting Co. Inc., State Highway No. 1. MILWAUKEE-Milwaukee Broadcasting Co., 711 Empire Bldg. KRKO. WEMP. Interlocking stockholders with WIBA, Madison, Wis. LONGVIEW-Twin City Broadcasting Corp.,14th & Hudson. MILWAUKEE-Midwest FM Network, 435 N. Michigan Ave., Chi- Longview Daily News. KWLK. cago, Ill. (See listing for Peoria, Ill.) SEATTLE-tEvergreen Broadcasting Corp., Smith Tower. KEVR. OSHKOSH-tOshkosh Broadcasting Co., 151% Main St. WOSH. Interlocking with KTYW, Yakima; KGEZ, Kalispell, Mont. RACINE-tRacine Broadcasting Corp., 41 Main St. Racine Jour- SEATTLE-aisher's Blend Station Inc., 1326 Fifth Ave. KOMO. nal -Times. WRJN. SEATTLE-#Queen City Broadcasting Co., Cobb Bldg. KIRO. RICE LAKE-WJMC Inc., John and Main Sts. WJMC. Interlock- SEATTLE-tRadio Sales Corp., 2939 Fourth Ave. S. KRSC. ing ownership with WEBC and WDUL (FM), Duluth. Minn.; SEATTLE-Seattle Broadcasting Co., Northern Life Tower. KOL. WMFG, Hibbing, Minn.; WHLB, Virginia, Minn.; WEAU, Eau Interlocking ownership with KGA, Spokane. Claire, Wis.; KVOL, Lafayette, La. SPOKANE-Louis Wasmer Inc., Radio Central Bldg. KGA. SHEBOYGAN-=Press Publishing Co., 636 Center Ave. Sheboygan Press. WHBL. STEVENS POINT-Dairylands Broadcasting Service Inc., north WEST VIRGINIA end of Central Ave., Marshfield, Wis. (See Marshfield, Wis.) BECKLEY-tBeckley Newspapers Corp., 341 W. Prince St. Beck- WAUSAU-Central Broadcasting Co., Wausau, Wis. Interlocking ley Post -Herald and Raleigh Register. ownership with WJMC, Rice Lake, Wis.; WEBC and WDUL BECKLEY-tJoe L. Smith, Jr., 608 Woodlawn Ave. WJLS, Beck- (FM), Duluth, Minn.; WHLB, Virginia, Minn.; WFMG, Hibbing, ley. Same ownership as WKWK, Wheeling, W. Va. Minn.; WEAU, Eau Claire, Wis.; KVOL, Lafayette, La. BLUEFIELD-tDaily Telegraph Printing Co., 623 Commerce St. WAUSAU-The Journal Company (Milwaukee Journal). 333 W. Bluefield Telegraph and Sunset News. WHIS. StateSt.,Milwaukee, Wis. Milwaukee Journal. WTMJ and CHARLESTON-Charleston Broadcasting Co., 1016 Lee St. WCHS. WTMJ-FM. Same ownership as WBLK, Clarksburg; WSAZ, Huntington; WAUSAU-tRecord-Herald Co., 316 Scott St. Wausau Record - WPAR, Parkersburg, all W. Va. Herald. CHARLESTON-Kanawha Valley Broadcasting Co., 208 Dickin- WISCONSIN RAPIDS-DairylandsBroadcastingServiceInc., son St. WGKV. north end of Central Ave., Marshfield, Wis. (See Marshfield, CLARKSBURG-Charleston Broadcasting Co., 444'h W. Pike St. Wis.) WBLK. (See same company's application for Charleston, W. Va.) WISCONSIN RAPIDS-William F. Huffman, 1041 Fourth St.S. HUNTINGTON-Greater Huntington Radio Corp., 724 Fourth Ave. Wisconsin Rapids Tribune. WFHR. HUNTINGTON-tHuntington Broadcasting Corp., 1811 Kite Ave. WYOMING HUNTINGTON-WSAZ Inc., Keith Albee Bldg. WSAZ. (Same CHEYENNE-tFrontier Broadcasting Co., 16th & Central Sts. ownership as Charleston Broadcasting Co., Charleston, W. Va.) Wyoming State Tribune and Leader. KFBC. LOGAN-Clarence H. Frey and Robert 0. Greever, Box 720, Lo- gan Banner. WLOG. PUERTO RICO MORGANTOWN-West Virginia Radio Corp., 446 Spruce St. SAN JUAN-Puerto Rico Communications Authority, Salvador Morgantown Post and Dominion News. WAJR. Also applicant Brau between San Jose and Cristo Sts. (Community.) for FM in Pittsburgh, Pa. SAN JUAN-Puerto Rico Communications Authority, Salvador PARKERSBURG-Ohio Valley Broadcasting Corp., Gunter Bldg. Brau between San Jose and Cristo Sts. (Rural.) WPAR. (See Charleston Broadcasting Co., Charleston, W. Va.) SAN JUAN-Radio Americas Corp., 4 Muella St.

less, tested for its constitutionality in the 'America Has No Place for Caesars' courts. What the passage of the Lea Bill means to Petrillo in his current negotiations with IIIERE IN AMERICA, we have no He had banned the broadcasting of music NAB is uncertain at this time. He has not place for Caesars, anywhere, at any from outside the United States to listeners thrown any monkey wrenches in the way time." within this country. He had forbidden the of the scheduled April 8 meeting in New Ohio CongressmanClarenceBrown's duplication of AM musical programs over York between members of the AFM execu- words called forth from members of the FM affiliates. tive board and NAB President Miller's House of Representatives a rousing burst His power to amend, annul, interpret committee, yet. It might be that passage of applause and foot -stomping.Itcli- the American Federation of Musicians' by- of the Lea Bill will serve to accelerate an maxed a three-hour debate on the Lea laws, to promulgate his own rules, was agreement. Bill to penalize coercive practices in broad- that of a dictator. Congress was fed up There seems little doubt that, in the casting, which was passed Feb. 21 by a with labor czars. present temper of Congress, the bill will landslide vote of 222 to 43. Before the shackles of Petrilloism are be approved by the Senate and signed by Petrillo had told Congress to go to hell, stricken from American broadcasting com- the President. However, should the present refusing to appear for hearings. He had pletely, the bill must first be approved by wave of antipathy toward labor subside, defied President Roosevelt. He had banned the Senate(it was substituted forthe or should a really comprehensive program high school children at the Interlochen much milder Vandenberg Bill, which was of labor legislation be enacted, there is a music festival from playing on the air. voted by the Senate last year and which question as to the Lea Bill's life. To many He had kept military bands from partici- dealt mainly with the Interlochen situa- observers, singling out a specific individ- pating in civic and charitable ceremonies. tion), signed by the President, and, doubt- ual as the object of legislation is bad law.

44 FM JOURNAL MAGAZINE ARTICLES (A few leading references since January, 1944) A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FM Costs For FM Stations. By W. J. Damm. Electronics, July, 1944. Educational FM Broadcasts; Frequency Allo- Sel2cted references from the Radio and Tele- FM for Education.U. S. Office of Educa- cationProblems; Operating and Construc visionBibliography prepared by William C. tion, Washington, D. C. 1945. 55 pp. Sug- tional Costs.By R. Nathan. Radio News Ackerman,Director,CBS ReferenceDept. gestions for planning, licensing and utiliz- May, 5944. ing educational FM radio stations owned Facts on FM Station Ownership; With Cost BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, ETC. and operated by school systems, colleges Data. P. B. Hoefer, Radio News, June, 1945. and universities. Appendix gives data on AReport to America on Radio Broadcasting. applications, service areas and costs. Writ- FCC Places FM in 88-108 Megacycle Band. National Citizens Political Action Com- EiectIoni,,, August, 1945. mittee, New York, N. Y. 1945. 8 pp. A ten by William Dow Boutwell, assisted by report and petition urging that FM Ii- Ronald R. Lowdermilk and Gertrude G. Frequency and Phase Modulation.By A. cer.ses be granted "to prevent the concen- Broderick. Hund. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, September, 1944. tration of control of broadcast facilities in Frequency Modulation.American Institute the hands of a select few." of Electrical Engineers, 29 W. 39th St., Frequency Modulation and Its Post -War Fu- New York, N. Y. 1945. 52 pp. Illustrations ture.J. E. Brown, Electronics, June, 1944. Brcadcasting's Better Mousetrap.National Association of Broadcasters (FM Depart- and diagrams used in a lecture course FM in World War II.By W. S. Marks, Jr. ment) , Washington, D. C. 1940. 18 pp. October -December,1940.Alsocontains Radio News, February, 1944. bibliography of articles on FM, 1922-1940. One of a series of small popular booklets FM and Freedom of the Air.A. Barth and to explain and promote FM, issued by FM Frequency Modulation.By August Hund. E. Katz, American Mercury, July, 1945. Broadcasters, Inc. The following are also McGraw-Hill Book Co., 33o W. 42nd St., By Milton NAB publications: A Profile of Frequency New York, N. Y. 1942. 375 pp. An engi- FM: Radio Wave of the Future. Stewart. Common Sense, October, 1944. Modulation, 1940. to pp.; Who Wants to neering text covering both basic principles Buy a Buggy?, 1941.11pp.; FM, 1944. and design of commercial apparatus with Frequency -Modulation Terminology. By H. 17pp.;Fifth Annual Meeting Report, 8 pp. bibliography of periodical references. Stockman and G. Hok. Proceedings of the 1944. 66 pp.;a booklet reprinting ad- Institute of Radio Engineers, March, 1944. dresses, reports and discussions at the an- Frequency Modulation.By K. R. Sturley. nual meeting, January 26-27, 1944; The Hulton Press, Ltd., London, England. 1942. Planning an FM Station.By P. B. Laeser. History of Frequency Modulation, g pp., The first of a series of Technical Mono- Electronics, February, 1945. a reprint from FM Radio -Electronics En- graphs based on a series of artides in Radio Progress During 1943; Frequency Mod- gineering of March, 1944, containing Ma- Electronic Engineering. ulation.Proceedings of the Institute of jor Edwin H. Armstrong's testimony be- Series of PanelReports andRecommenda- Radio Engineers, March, 1944. foretheSenateInterstateCommerce tions.Radio Technical Planning Board. Radio Progress During 1944; Frequency Mod- Committee on December6, 1943. Miss Martha Kinzie, General Electric Co., ulation.Proceedings of the Institute of Bridgeport, Conn.1944.Discussionof Radio Engineers, March, 1945. FM: An Introduction to Frequency Modula- technical aspects of frequency allocations. tion. By John F. Rider. John F. Rider A Report of the NAB Executive War Con- PLhlisher, Inc., 404 4th Ave., New York, The Newspapers and FM Radio.By Ernest ference Symposium Covering the Post-Wor N. Y. 1940. 142 pp. This book gives special L. Owen. School of Journalism Publica- Future of Broadcasting.By W. B. Lodge, attention to FM receivers and the general tions, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. Maj. Armstrong and Paul Chamberlain. maintenance problems confronting radio 1944. 8 pp. An analysis by the publisher of HighEghts of comments on FM Communi- servicemen. the Syracuse Post -Standard. cations, September, 1944.

PROFILE come in over the transom. Only two isa simple one: "Good music and (Continued from page 23) national advertisers have used WMIT news."The music is primarily light teristicswere suchthatthetowns- during that period. popular and heavy concert with some people had virtually no radio recep- With the war over and the produc- dance and hillbilly music interspersed tion. WMIT installed a receiver at the tion of FM sets about to be resumed throughout the schedule. News is gen- Inn and people who had lived in the on a mass production basis, WMIT is erally picked up from NBC or WSJS. vicinity all their lives were able to hear clearing its decks for an all-out promo- Executive director of WMIT is Har- and enjoy radio for the first time. tion job, with the main emphasis on old Essex, formerly in charge of WSJS, Receivers were also installed by the dealers. It is planned to send out a and now in charge of both operations. station in three Winston-Salem high forceof men who will completely Just before WMIT went on the air, schools. Time on the station was of- blanket WMIT's service area and talk Gordon Gray volunteered for service in fered to the Board of Education for to dealers about FM. The station will the Army and Mr. Essex took over the specialschoolprogramming.Each furnish every dealer with stamped ad- FM operation. school alternated with a weekly half- dressedpostcardsaskingforthe Elizabeth Trottman, program direc- hourshow andstationpersonnel names and addressesofpeopleto tor, has been with the station three helped with the productions. whom they sold FM receivers, in an ef- years. She came in as a control opera- While WMIT does not have a net- fort to Wild up a complete mailing list tor,platterturner and announcer, work affiliate,it carries some of the of FM homes in the area. graduating to her present job when NBC programs which are aired by An attempt will also be made to sell Bob Estes took over the programming WSJS. This unorthodox verbalar- the dealer on the idea that his job does of WSJS. rangement carries with it no commit- not end with the selling of the re- WMIT's new high -band allocation is ments to NBC. ceiver. He's got to learn how to service on 97.3 mc. On order is a 1 kw. trans- Although it was licensed as a com- them and how to install dipoles. The mitter which the management feels is mercial station, WMIT has not yet station plans a series of free advertis- sufficient to blanket its service area. made any effort to sell time over its fa- ing plugs over the air for dealers in Present plans call for operations on cilities. What sponsors it has had over its area. both bands. the course of nearly three years have The station's basic program formula -GEORGE M. HAKIM

45 MARCH, 1946 THE COMMUNITY STATION (Continued from page 13) EWELL K.(FOR KIRK) JETT isvariously known among his close friends as "Admiral," ropolitan stationisprotected toits 1000 uv/m contour. "Chief" or "The Globe Trotter." The affec- KANSAS CITY Now let us examine Figure 1. This tionate cognomen "Admiral" referstothe shows the soon, the 500, and the 5o fact that he served with the U. S. Navy from uv/m contours of both a Community 1911 until1929;he'snow "Lt ,U.S.N., Ret.". The "Chief" isa stationinSilverSpring and ofa reminder that he IS A Metropolitan station in Washington. was Chief Engineer of the FCC from Janu- These contours are based on theoreti- ary, 1938 untilhis elevation to the Federal calcalculations assuming a smooth CommunicationsCommission in February, earth; vary in practice with topography. 1944, an appointment hailed by theradio Figure I also shows the mileages an- industry because of its merit basis and non- ticipated for both types of stations for political character. The "Globe Trotter" des- K the three levels of signal intensities. ignation he earned as American delegate to Obviously, there is quite a difference. radio and telecommunications conferences in But now look at Table 1. At the woo Mexico City in 1933, Havana 1937, Bucharest uv/m contour, the Community station 1937, Juneau1937,Cairo1938, Santiago covers a population of 675,000 and the 1940. Metropolitan station 1,102,000. At the During the war, Commissioner Jett served 500 uv/m contour,the Community as chairman of the Coordinating Committee 0 station covers 876,000 and the Metro- of the Board of War Communications, and politan station 1,127,000. And, at the from 1939 to 1941, he was chairman of the 5o uv/m contour, the Community sta- Inter -Department Radio Advisory Committee. tion covers 1,103,000, while the Metro- Latterly he was chairman of the American politan station covers 1,627,000. delegation to the North American Regional Let's examine thosefigures more Broadcast Engineering Conference. closely. Note that when the Commu- He is o fellow of the Institute of Radio nity station drops from its l000 uv/m Engineers.His term as FCC commissioner contour to its 500 uv/m signal, it picks expires in 1950. up 201,000 in population, while the Metropolitan station only adds 25,000 undesired signal (Belair) is better than to its coverage under the same circum- so to 1 at the 500 uv/m contour of stances. When the Community sta- the Silver Spring station. tion's signal goes out to the 5o uv/m Let us now make a comparison of contour, it has added another 227,000, the three classes of FM stations, Com- but the Metropolitan station has added munity,MetropolitanandRural. another 500,000. But look at Figure I Take, for example, the Minneapolis - MARKET again. The Silver Spring Community St. Paul metropolitan district(popu- station at its moo uv/m contour in- lation 911,077). Since Minneapolis is cludes nearlyallof theDistrict of the largest city of that district, it would Columbia and a goodly portion north, be permissible to operate a Communi- and at its 500 uv/m contour it goes out ty station in St. Paul.1 Figure 2 shows still farther in all directions. thevariouscontours forthethree Interference -Free Service classes of stations. From a radius view- Again reverting to the rules for Com- point, there is quite a difference between the Community and the Metro- PORTER BUILDING munity stations, I pointed out that no protection is afforded this class of sta- politan station, and a further differ- KANSAS CITY, MO. tion. This is not strictly true because ence between the Metropolitan and under FCC standardsobjectionable the Rural station. interference is not considered to exist Potential Audience EVERETT L. DILLARD for co -channel operation of Commu- But look at the population cover- nity station (5o miles) when the ratio age. Assuming that the 500 uv/m con- General Manager of desired to undesired signals is so to tour represents protected coverage, the s or better. We can assume, therefore, St. Paul Community station will serve ELIZABETH WHITEHEAD that a Community station will have a population of 721,000 (see Table 2) Station Director interference -free service at least to its as against the Minneapolis Metropoli- 500 uv/m contour. This can be plotted tan station's coverage of 1,087,000 peo- on Figure 1 by using Belair, Maryland, ple, and the Rural station's coverage north and slightly east of Baltimore, of1,351,000. Note alsothat theSt. asthe next Community station,50 Paul Community station's 5oc uv/m miles away from Silver Spring. It will contour embraces the city of Minne- Pioneer FM Station in the be seen that the 500 uv/m contour apolis. Kansas City Area extends out to a distance of 14 miles It should be mentioned in this con- from Silver Spring, and that the 5o nection-and this goes for the Wash- uv/m contour of the Belair station ex- ington case, too-that under FCC engi- tends out to 32 miles in the direction neering standardsamedian field in - Ask for Rate Card of Silver Spring. Thus the ratio of the 1 Both St. Paul and Minneapolis ar_ eligible desired signal(Silver Spring) to the for Metropolitan and Rural stations.

46 FMJOURNAL tensity of 3,000 to 5,000 uv/m should be placed over the principal city to be served, and a median field intensity of i,000 uv/m should be placed over the business district of cities of to,000 at greater population within the metropolitan district served.These figures are based upon the usual noise levels encountered in the several areas and upon the absence of interference from other FM stations. Obviously, the Com- H. V. ANDERSON & ASSOCIATES KEAR & KENNEDY munity station would provide no such 715 American Bank Bldg., New Orleans, La. 1703 K Street, N.W. Washington 6, D. C. coverage. However, itis my opinion Telephone: Raymond 0111 Telephone: Republic 1951 Dr. Frank O. Kear Robert L. Kennedy that experience will prove that good JOHN BARRON service can be rendered at signal levels Earle Bldg. Washington 4, D. C. JOHN J. KEEL far below these values and that the Telephone: National 7757 Earle Bldg. Washington 4, D. C. Community station will have no diffi- Telephone: National 6513 CHAMBERS & GARRISON cultyservingresidential districts 1519 Connecticut Ave. Washington 6, D. C. LENT & POAST throughout most metropolitan areas Telephone: Columbia 8544 1319 F St. N.W. Washington 4, D. C. thesize of Washington and Minne- Joseph A. ChambersMillard M. Garrison Telephone: Distrist 4127 W. C. Lent L. M. Poast apolis. COLTON & FOSS Let us again revert to Figure 2. It is 927 -15th St. N.W. Washington, D. C. LOHNES & CULVER safe to assume that the St. Paul Com- Telephone: Republic 3883 Munsey Bldg. Washington 4, D. C. munity station will provide interfer- Roger B. Colton William L. Foss Telephone: District 8215 ence -freeservice in many directions COMMERCIAL RADIO EQUIPMENT CO. MAY & BOND out to its 5o uv/m contour, which em- 1319 F St., NW. Washington 4, D. C. 1422 F St., NW. Washington 4, D. C. braces a potential audience of 885,000. Telephone: District 1319 Porter Bldg. Kansas City 2, Mo. Telephone: Republic 3984 This figure can be compared with the Telephone: Logan 8821 Russell P. May Clyde H. Bond Metropolitan station's coverage to its 1584 Cross -Roads -of -the -World Hollywood 28, Calif. FRANK H. McINTOSH 5o uv/m contour embracing 1,374,000 Telephone: Hillside 9008 710 -14th St. NW. Washington 5, D. C. or the Rural station's 5o uv/m cover- Everett L. Dillard Robert F. Wolfskill Telephone: Metropolitan 4477 age totalling 1,736,000. (Washington) (Kansas City) McNARY & WRATHALL Community vs. Metropolitan JOHN CREUTZ National Press Bldg.Washington 4, D. C. 328 Bond Bldg. Washington 5, D. C. Telephone: District 1205 Those aretwo examplesof my Telephone: Republic 2151-2 James C. McNary Grant R. Wrathall thesis: That a Community station can compete-at small cost-withitsbig COMER L. DAVIES GARO W. RAY P.O. Box 71 College Park, Md. 991 Broad St. Bridgeport, Conn. brother Metropolitan station inthe Telephone: Warfield 9089 Telephone: Bridgeport 5-2055 same market. Incidentally, of the 328 conditional GEORGE C. DAVIS RING & CLARK grants made by the FCC up to Febru- Munsey Bldg. Washington 4, D. C. Munsey Bldg. Washington 4, D. C. Telephone: District 8456 Telephone: Republic 2347 ary 18, only 35 were for Community Andrew D. Ring Lt. Comdr. R. L. Clark stations. There were pending at that GILLE BROS. time 446 applications for new FM sta- 1108 N. Lillian Way Hollywood 38, Calif. WELDON & CARR tions of all classes, but not quite 40 Telephone: Gladstone 6178 1605 Connecticut Ave.Washington 9, D. C. Benson D. Gille C. E. Taylor Telephone: Michigan 4151 were for Community stations. James 0. Weldon Lester H. Carr To sum up: Community stations are GLENN D. GILLETT a splendid investment for broadcasters National Press Bldg.Washington 4, D. C. NATHAN WILLIAMS Telephone: National 3373 20 Algoma Blvd. Oshkosh, Wis. who cannot afford the major outlays Telephone: Blackhawk 22 necessary for Metropolitan or Rural PAUL GODLEY CO. FM stations, because: Lab: Great Notch, N. J. RAYMOND M. WILMOTTE, INC. Telephone: Little Falls 4-1000 PAUL A. deMARS, ASSOCIATE 1. The cost of a Community station Offices: Upper Montclair, N. J. 1469 Church St. N.W.Washington 5, D. C. is only about one-third that of a Telephone: Montclair 2-7859 Telephone: Decatur 1231 Metropolitan station. Paul F. Godley, Murray G. Crosby & Staff 236 W. 55th St. New York City 19 2.The Community station can compete, in many cases, with a Metro- politan stationin the same area COBRA crystal. Its stylus, floating freely in the for the concentrated metropolitan (Continued from page 20) record groove, is an extension of a district population. trian-born physicist, Henry P. Kalmus, tiny metal vane that is hinged at the and, in about two years, he came up upper end. In following the vibrations The spectrum has been likened to a with the answer. of the record, it modulates an RF sig- lughway,withthefrequencies,the Kalmus evolved anentirely new nal that originates in a special circuit, lanes on which broadcasterstravel. method of playing records that reduced part of which is a tiny coil in the pick- FM is a new, broad lane, already con- surface noise and record wear to an up head mounted beside the vane. structed, awaiting the new model cars. insignificantminimum,andrepro- Pressure on the recordisonly14 Carrying the analogy along, I see the duced a phonograph record via FM grams. As a result of light pressure and Community station as the 1946 station with greater fidelity and natural tone freedom from lateral resistance,sur- wagon-you won't use it for long trips, quality than a live broadcast by the face noise is virtually eliminated and but you willuseittobringthe same orchestra over. AM. It was the records are reproduced with an un- groceries home. Cobra, which is neither magnetic nor precedented tone quality.

MARCH, 1946 47 Disagrees with FCC The decision of the Federal Commun- ications Commission to keep FM in a band where its service range is bound to be curtailed is beyond my understanding. At the hearing on which this decision was OPINION based, not only the Zenith measurements, but the commission's own Andalusia measurements showed the superiority of the old band. One by one the theories of the commission's expert, K. A. Norton, first Better Primary Service Dimensions of Broadcasting putforthinOctober,1944,has been In most cases [FM] service will be sat- Professor Sumner H. Slichter of Har- disproved. . .. The issue is no longer a isfactory out to a distance of 75 to 8o vard has pointed to a pent-up postwar technical one. The issue is a public one miles from the transmitter; however, in demand for 23,000,000 radio receivers. Dr. and it is simple: Are we going to have thickly populated areas, service may only Orestes H. Caldwell, the former Federal the best service of which FM is capable, be satisfactory out to go miles. .. .In Radio Commissioner, has estimated the limited only by the laws of nature, or most cases, primary service with an FM market for civilian radio products, within are we going to have one hedged in by station will be greater than the AM sta- a year following the defeat of Germany, regulationsandrestrictedbyartificial tion. I won't say in every case that the at$1,000,000,000. A recentsurveyby means.-Enwm H. ARMSTRONG. FM will give greater service than AM, Stewart Brown & Associates reported a butIthink in the majority of cases it postwar market for an estimated roo,000, Agrees with FCC will.-FCC COMMISSIONER JEITbefore 000 new receivers within the first five or If the Commission had created a split - House Appropriations Committee. six years after total victory. Other esti- band FM service, it would have imposed mates indicate the following investments an unsound and uneconomic allocation and other totals at the end of the first system, which would have increased the Increase inNews Jobs five postwar years: too television stations, cost of enjoying FM broadcasting service As far as FM is concerned, I don't fore- $6o,000,000; 4,000 FM transmitters, $120,- and imposed extra expense on every pur- see many changes (in radio news report- 000,000; zo million FM receivers, $2,000,- chaser of a new FM receiver. The Commis- ing) except that the increased number of 000,000. (Radio products, almost entirely sion adopted instead the policy calculated stations made possible in this band will for war uses were manufactured in 1944 to give the public the best technical FM result in more specialized news on certain at the rate of $4,000,000,000 a year in com- service at the lowest cost. One of the most FM stations not affiliated with networks. parison with a peacetime rate of $325,000,- important obstacles to the forward march For instance, one station in a city might 000) -WILLIAM C. ACKERMAN, director of of FM has therefore been eliminated and want to concentrate on its local, state and CBS reference Dept., in Public Opinion the industry can now proceed with full regional news and another on sports news, Quarterly. confidence.-JOHN BALLANTYNE, president, another on religious, educational and club Philco Corp. news, etc. The greatest effectthat FM A New Day Dawning will have on our business, therefore, prob- Radio todayis on the threshold of Converters in Reconversion ably will be an increase in jobs.-PAta. W. astounding developments in FM and tele- Cheap converters [for low band sets] WHITE, News Director, CBS. vision which may completely alter our advocated by severalreceiver manufac- mode of life and our appreciation of the turers, will not be feasible nor satisfac- arts and sciences. As a necessary accom- tory. Only five -tube converters may be Would Avoid Errors of AM paniment of technical advances, radio af- satisfactory.However, thesensitivityof The most pressing task before the Com- fords an opportunity to enrich commu- reception will not be as good as we would mission is the licensing of FM broadcast- nity life and to make substantial contribu- liketo have it.-MAJ. EDWIN H. ARM- tionsinthefield ing. . . . Itis widely believed that FM of public service.-, STRONG, in a statement to Retailing, fol- willsoonrival and thereaftersurpass ROSEL H. HYDE, FCC general counsel. lowing FCC decision on two -band FM. standardbroadcastingastheaccepted means of broadcasting in the U S The Commission is concerned not mere- lywith hastening FM, butalso with establishing it on sound licensing foundations, so that we will not have to spend the next 20 years in undoing the errors made in the first six months.-FCC report to House Appropriations Committee.

Sensible Comparison Radio, operating in time, has a great advantage with audiences that work while they listen. The vast soap opera audience about which many people are so superior is a working audience in the home. Many years before the radio the operatives in the cigar and cigarette factories were en- tertainedby professionalreaders. The nearest approach to that inthe space realm is the man who sticks up the morning paper against the coffee pot at breakfast. On the other hand, it is hard to visualize people getting their stock market reports, their classified ads and their new tax schedules over the radio. These things have to be spread out, compared and Drown for FM JOURNAL by Steinitz studied.-New York Times. "I'm telling you, this set you sold me isn't static -free."

48 FMJOURNAL FROM THE BUILDERS OF FINCH FACSIMILE

the new FINCH ROCKET* FM Antenna

The Rocket' Antenna designed by Andrew Alford and built by Finch Telecommunications Inc.., for FM and Facsimile station WGHF New York, is now inexpensively available for all FM stations on the new high -frequency assignments. Simple, rugged, uncritical with the seal end insulator protected from the elements. Omni- directional coverage. Pure horizo-ital polariza- tion. A single unit has a suostantial gain over a comparative half wave; several antennas may be stacked to obtain still higher gain. Constructed promptly to order at reasonable cos-. Write or call for particulars.

NEW YORK S

'Trade Name-Rocket Antenna as installed for New York's new FM and FAX Broadcasting station WGHF, 70 E. 40th St. AtTHE 'NOTCH in the WatchingMountains

Pioneers... ,11,1,- than (I century 44. at vt)nr serrice.IIerr 111_4(; I \ I 'Fit) N /2,ith1es and A1 puu--rt

CONSULTING RAMO ENGINEERS

Broadcosiing Electronics Comm L. ric.itions Laboratory: Great Wotc-11, N. J. Office: Upper telDatec ir, N. J. Phones: LITT- E=ALL; 4-1000 MONTCLAIR ;-7E59