Page 1 of 41 SUMMARY
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Page 1 of 41 SUMMARY Easton Local Historic District Study Committee Paul Rohr, Chair Deborah Balcarek, Vice-Chair Cathy Adler, Secretary Gregory Strange Gretchen Eldridge Contacts: Paul Rohr, Chair [email protected] or Stephanie Danielson, Land Use Agent Town of Easton 136 Elm Street North Easton, MA 02356 [email protected] 508-230-0641 Date of Public Hearing: Wednesday, April 28, 2010 Date of Town Meeting: Monday, May 17, 2010 Total Number of Properties in Proposed District: 12 Total Number of Resources in Proposed District: 29 Page 2 of 41 INTRODUCTION The Easton Local Historic District Study Committee (the Committee) was appointed by the Easton Board of Selectmen to investigate establishing a Local Historic District within the North Easton Village Historic District. Many years ago the town established the North Easton Village as a National Register District. While this designation is an important tool for increasing public awareness of the historic significance of an area, it does not provide actual protection of the structures within a district. A Local Historic District, however, provides protection from demolitions and inappropriate remodeling. Massachusetts General Law, Chapter 40C, authorizes towns to establish Local Historic Districts through Town Meeting. The Local Historic District provides a regulatory review process for all changes to exterior architectural features of a structure comprising the district when such features are visible from a public way. National Register Districts provide only limited protection and only when federal funds or assistance are being used. The Committee is recommending the town establish a Local Historic District within the North Easton Village comprised of the former Ames Shovel Works complex and the five H. H. Richardson buildings and the Olmsted Rockery located in the village. These structures provide a visual historic perspective easily appreciated by the average Easton citizen. The Ames Shovel Works was an important manufacturing facility not only for the town of Easton, but also for the country as a whole. Ames shovels were, perhaps arguably, considered to be of a superior quality, and are reported to have been used in the construction of the transcontinental railroad. The factory employed many of the area’s Swedish, Irish and Portuguese immigrants, many of whom lived in the worker housing provided by the Ames family. The H. H. Richardson buildings were commissioned by the Ames family, both as gifts to the Town (e.g. the Ames Free Library) or as part of the Ames estates (e.g. the Gate Lodge at Langwater). A Local Historic District will not and is not intended to prevent all changes, demolition, new construction or development. Establishing a district is intended to ensure changes and additions are harmonious with the historic characteristic of the district. Page 3 of 41 METHODOLOGY The Easton Board of Selectmen voted to form the Easton Local Historic District Study Committee on July 27, 2009. The Committee comprised of five residents of Easton, with the guidance of the Massachusetts Historical Commission, started work on the proposed district in December of 2009. Easton has a long history of historic preservation. Formed in 1969, the Easton Historical Commission had compiled an inventory of over 700 historical resources that it expanded and updated through the 1980’s and in 2009 funding for further updating and expansion of the list was approved by the town’s CPC committee. The Commission was instrumental in the formation of the North Easton Historic District in 1972, at the time one of the largest contiguous districts on the National Register. The H.H. Richardson Historic District of North Easton, contained within the North Easton Historic District, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987. In 2004, the Easton Town Meeting approved a Demolition Review Bylaw. In 2009, the Easton Historical Commission completed a Historic Preservation Plan for Easton. The Committee reviewed existing inventory documents along with a series of historical maps. Concentrating its effort on the rich history left by the Ames family during its growth into a world-renowned manufacturing company that literally helped build America, the Committee chose to focus on the buildings included in the H.H. Richardson National Historic District, the buildings that comprised the Ames Shovel Works (The Ames Shovel Shops, the adjacent Handle Shop and the Antrim Hammer Shop) and the Rockery, a memorial cairn for the Civil War dead designed by noted landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. The Committee held several open public meetings including a walking tour of the study area and a presentation and Q & A by Chris Skelly of the Massachusetts Historical Commission. Invitations to a public outreach meeting to gather further public input on February 23, 2010 were mailed to all property owners in the proposed district as well as direct abutters and property owners in the vicinity of the proposed district. Press releases in the Easton Journal and Brockton Enterprise were also issued by the Committee in an attempt to initiate as much public involvement as possible. A Local Historic District will not and is not intended to prevent all changes, demolition, new construction or development. Establishing a district is intended to ensure changes and additions are harmonious with the historic characteristic of the district. Following completion of its work, the Committee held a final public hearing on April 28, 2010 in anticipation of presenting the District for approval at the Easton Town Meeting on May 17, 2010. Page 4 of 41 SIGNIFICANCE The proposed historic district located in North Easton, MA includes the following properties: The Rockery, Oakes Ames Memorial Hall, Ames Free Library, Old Colony Railroad Station, Ames Gate Lodge, F. L. Ames Gardener’s Cottage, and the Shovel Shops as delineated on the submitted map. The significance of this district stems from the founding of the Ames Shovel Company in 1803. The Ames Shovel Company, amongst other contributions, is nationally known for providing the shovels which laid the Union Pacific Railroad and opened the west. The Ames family shaped the town's economy, and was responsible for the presence of H.H. Richardson designed landmark buildings in North Easton. The unique historic industrial village of Easton, Massachusetts and the nation would have developed very differently were it not for this historic industrial complex. In summary, this district is significant in its contemporary form as it is a testament and legacy to one of the most important American architects in history, Henry Hobson Richardson. The shovel complex itself is of major significance in its entirety. The organic growth of, interrelationships between, and functionally determined architecture of each of the buildings are a critical part of the story of the development of the Ames Company and correspondingly the town of Easton. The Ames Company is of major importance to our country; having been used to build our nation’s railroads and infrastructure, military purposes and agriculture. The success of this company enabled the development of the Town of Easton and the architectural commissions of H.H. Richardson and F. L. Olmsted. North Easton, Massachusetts is unique to any place in the world in its collection of these significant structures and its telling of American industrial development. For photographs and additional details on the significance of each resource, see pp. 17-41 below. JUSTIFICATION OF BOUNDARIES The Committee chose the boundaries of the district primarily based on significance of the properties. All of the properties in the proposed district were designed by world renowned architect(s) or were instrumental in the town’s development. Where feasible, boundary lines were drawn to connect adjacent properties into a single contiguous area. However, as with the underlying H. H. Richardson National Landmark District, two of the properties on Elm Street are not physically contiguous with the rest of the proposed district. In April, the Committee voted to specify more precise boundaries at the Gate Lodge to rectify ambiguities in the original National Landmark nomination. The Committee seeks to protect what has been deemed significant on a national level. It has not expanded the district to include neighboring housing or other significant properties in order to make the creation of a Local Historic District more palatable to the citizens of Easton. Page 5 of 41 The Committee recognizes that there are many significant resources nearby, both within the North Easton National Register District, as well as in surrounding neighborhoods. Ongoing survey work is underway in these areas, with several hundred resources expected to be identified and fully documented over the next three years. As those surveys are completed, one or more additional study committees may well be needed in the future. OPTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE BYLAW After extensive deliberation, the Committee decided to stick very closely to the model bylaw recommended by the Massachusetts Historical Commission. Since the proposed district focuses on buildings of national significance, the Committee chose exclusions which would provide appropriate protection for these landmarks. Future study committees should consider exclusions best suited for the areas they study. MAP Page 6 of 41 PROPERTY INDEX MHC Assessor Resource # Street Form/Style Date 1 16U-9 Oakes Ames Memorial Hall 3 Barrows St H. H. Richardson 1879