IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 24, Issue 8, Ser. 10 (August. 2019) 32-36 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org
Performance of Minor Port in Kanyakumari - A Case Study
Dr. S. Subramanian1, A. Kandhavel2 1Professor, Department of Commerce, Ananamalai University, Annamalai Nagar. Tamil Nadu, India, 608002 2Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, Annamalai University,Tamil Nadu, India, 608002 Annamalai Nagar. Corresponding Author: Dr. S. Subramanian
Abstract: The paper highlighted the Kanyakumari Minor Port performance and its efficiency. Indian ports are divided into two categories viz., Major ports and Minor ports. The ports are marked by its draft level, cargo handling facilities for export and import operations, coastal services. There are 12 major ports and 212 minor ports are in India. India has 7517 km coastal line which accommodates nine states and four union territories. The authors studied Tamil Nadu maritime board besides Kanyakumari minor port. The authors collected primary data from 100 respondents from Kanya kumari port. The collect data were analysed by using Chi- Square, ANOVA along with simple percentage. The hypotheses are tested, of which few proved and few disproved. The overall performances are is good and appreciable.
Key words: minor port - major port - draft level - export/ import – awareness - seasons ------Date of Submission: 16-08-2019 Date of Acceptance: 31-08-2019 ------
I. INTRODUCTION Indian coastal line 7517Kms, it has 12 major ports and 212 minor ports in 9 Maritime States and 4 Union Territories. The major ports are controlled by Central Government by Indian Port Act 1908. The minor ports are controlled by State Government. It has more than 85 percentage international trade operation by coastal line1.
Major ports in India According to section 3 (8) of Indian port Act 1908, any port may come under the control of the Central Government or any official gazette notification declaration or any law of the province in force, have declared to be a major port. The ministry of shipping is the administrator of all the Major Ports under the Port Act 1908 and Major Port Trust Act of 1963.2 The central government of India nominated the board members as trustees to regulate the operation of major ports.
Minor Ports in India There are 212 minor ports situated along the peninsula coast line and sea island. These ports are located in Gujarat (46), Maharashtra (48), Goa (5), Daman & Diu (2), Karnataka (9), Kerala (17), Tamil Nadu (23), Pondicherry (3), Andhra Pradesh (12), Orissa (13), West Bengal (1), and Andaman & Nicobar Island (23). Out of these minor ports, only some ports are well developed and provide all weather berthing facilities for cargo handling. In 2016 – 2017 only for 70 minor ports were reported to have handled cargo traffic. The effectiveness of minor ports in meeting the growing volume of cargo traffic in the backdrop of saturation of existing capacities at the major ports cannot be overlooked. Recognizing the importance of minor ports, maritime states have launched initiatives for their development, through the participation of private sector. This has led to significant growth in the cargo traffic handled by the minor ports in the past few years.3
Tamil Nadu Maritime Board Tamil Nadu has the second longest coastline (1076 KMs) with 3 major ports and 23 minor ports. The minor ports in Tamil Nadu were administered and controlled by the Tamil Nadu Port Department. Keeping in
1 MCCI, T he Madras Chamber of Commerce Report, State Planning Commission, 2015, p, 6. 2. Basic port statistics of India, Ministry of Road Transport and Highway in Government of India, 2014 – 2015, p, 13. 3 “Et all”, p, 27. DOI: 10.9790/0837-2408103236 www.iosrjournals.org 32 |Page Performance of Minor Port in Kanyakumari - A Case Study line with the maritime history and in realizing the need for growth in the maritime sector, the erstwhile Tamil Nadu Port Department was converted into Tamil Nadu Maritime Board under the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board Act, 1995 (Tamil Nadu Act 4/96) with effect from 18.03.1997. The Minister for Highways and Minor Ports, Government of Tamil Nadu is the ex-officio Chairman of the Board.4
Kanyakumari Minor Port: Kanyakumari is the southern end of India and meeting place of the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. The sunrise over the Bay Bengal respectively and the Indian Ocean spreads in the front on full moon evening sun rest and moonrise can be seen at the save more meant the district has a coastal line of 65.8 KM.5. This port situated in Kanyakumari district, solely meant for facilitating ferry service between shore visit Vivekananda Rock Memorial and Ayyan Thiruvalluvar Statue. MS Poompuhar Shipping Corporation Ltd., is operating this ferry services. Kanyakumari port is situated at the southernmost tip of the Indian peninsular in latitude 80 4’ 6” North and longitude 77 32’ 2” East in Kanyakumari district. The southernmost end of Tamil Nadu and the lands of India is one of the most popular Tourist spot of the country. The town is at its best during Chaitra Poornima (Full moon day) when the sun moon are face to face at the same horizon. Other full moon days are also special when you can see the sun set and the Mon rise almost simultaneously.
Vivekananda Rock: Vivekananda Rock is about a hundred meters from the shore and a regular ferry service exits between the mainland jetty and the rock. The Rock has two man daps (halls): one belonging to a Holy Foot. The holy foot is a foot shaped carving found on the rock and is believed to be the foot priest of Goddess kumara who stood on this rock on one leg and preformed the Tapagya (penance). The Rock memorial has a tall statue of swami Vivekananda whose photographs are not allowed to be taken from inside the hall. Below the statue was mentioned the year of death of the swami and the probable dates when swami attained Samadhi on the rock. Here, passenger can see both sun rise and sun set and it is one of the main tourist attractions here. Golden Hoses of the Horizon are very impressive with a silhouetee the of the rock memorial, Timing 7:30 am to 4 pm. Passenger should enter main gate to the jetty for ferry before 4 pm after that entry is denied. Nobody is allowed their after sun set. So if passenger were planning evening visit hurry up and leave well before sun set so as to watch it sun set. The ferry tickets are Rs. 50 for a ride per head. Children below 5 years are free, there is no half ticket. The Rock memorial has an entrance ticket of Rs.20 per head.6 The first stop of the ferry is the Vivekananda Rock people get off here for the rock and those done with their visit get on to the ferry for its next stop at Thiruvalluvar statue and the ferry returns to the boarding jetty. The operator asks that passenger don a life serving jacket and drop it is the bin at the next stop while getting off. This is only done in letter and not is the spirit of safety.
Thiruvalluvar Statue Thiruvalluvar statue is dedicated to equably the greatest Tamil poet, philosopher and saint Thiruvalluvar. The rock supports a huge statue of the saint carved out of many rocks that were there joint together. It was inaugurated recently. The statue is about 133 feet long which corresponds to 133 chapters in the greatest spic written by the saint – Thirukkural tourists can climb up to the feet of the statue. The view from this point is quite breath taking. It is a very entertaining and enlightening piece of work and inspires one to lead a very principled and more life. It is a must read for anyone who visits this place and it is advisable to spend at least half an hour specially dedicated for this exercise. Dr APJ Abdual Kalam, the former president of India, picked 12 verses of the poet and he translated them with the desire that visitors pick one of them as a guiding principle of their life. It is to be highlighted that nowhere in the history of world architecture, such a standing human form, fully made of granite has ever been attempted and that too in the midst of the sea waves. The statue is an embodiment of the essence of Tamil classic “Thirukkural” a collection of pithy verses authored by saint Thiruvalluvar, which marks the quintessence of the Tamil spirit. The statue is fully made up of granite stones, weighing 700 tonnes, comprising 3681 pieces of granite boulders, each weighing 3-8 tonnes. The statue proper, stands 95 feet tall on a pedestal of 38 feet is high and the whole structure has been designed based on the spirit of the poets’ great work “Thirukkural”.
4 Manual, Tamil Nadu Maritime Board, 2017 p, 1 5 Kanyakumari Tourist guide book, Tamil Nadu Tourist Corporation, 2002 – 2003, p.11. 6 Kanyakumari Tourist Guide Book, 2017, Tamil Nadu Tourist corporation, page 2 - 3 DOI: 10.9790/0837-2408103236 www.iosrjournals.org 33 |Page Performance of Minor Port in Kanyakumari - A Case Study
In the design of the statue, the 38 feet high pedestal depicts the first 38 feet chapters which deal with the virtue and the state proper of 95 feet depicts the rest of the 95 chap hers, which deal with wealth and love.7
Statement of problem: Tourism creates any job opportunities. Tourism is a labour – intensive industry- that is, it requires a large number of workers. But most tourism is seasonal, that is, there are times in a year when visits to a destination reach a peak, especially at seaside and ski resorts. As a result, many tourism jobs are part time and causal. The majority of tourism employs and the links to other industries, such as catering and restaurant work, mean that governments actively encourage tourism development.8
Objectives: The study has following objectives. These are as follows: 1. To study the tourist economic status and their expenditure. 2. To analysis the exiting port facilities to promote tourism. 3. To analysis seasonal crowed and remedial measures.
Hypothesis: H01: There is no association between port visitors satisfaction with port facilities H02: There is no relationship between port visitors’ status and spending charges for port visit. H03: There is no significance between port visitor’s status and season of port visit H04: There is no significance between port visitor’s status and awareness of port
Methodology: The study based on primary data. The primary data were collected directly from respondents by well structure questionnaire/schedule in Kanyakumari minor port.
Sample Design: There are 100 respondents were chosen as a sample respondents by judgment sampling method and convenient sampling method was adopted for collection of primary data from the respondents.
Period of study: The primary data were collected from respondents in Kanyakumari minor port during September 2018. The collected dates are analysed and interpreted during October – December 2018.
Tools for Analysis: The collect data were proceeding by the statistical tools like ANOVA and Chi-square test, besides; the researcher used simple percentage analysis.
Testing the hypothesis: H01: There is no association between visitors satisfaction with port facilities Result: Ho1: There is association between visitors satisfaction with port facilities Kanyakumari port is international tourist place in Tamil Nadu. The port is providing various facilities to the visitors such as boating, first aid box, safety equipment, food facility, rest facility and hotel facility. People from various regions are visiting the port. This study is about the variance between the facilities provided by the port and visitor’s satisfaction, this assumption tested by using the ANOVA tools. The following table testing this hypothesis
TABLE 1 ANOVA Sum of PORT FACILITIES Df Mean Square F Sig. Squares Between groups 0.004 1 0.004 0.126 0.723 BOATING within groups 2.906 98 0.030 Total 2.910 99
7 Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation, 2000, p, 14. 8 Baskar. B and Manikandan, Development of Craft Tourism Services in Tamil Nadu, International of Journal of World Research, January 2016, vol: 1 issue xxv, p, 50. DOI: 10.9790/0837-2408103236 www.iosrjournals.org 34 |Page Performance of Minor Port in Kanyakumari - A Case Study
Between groups 0.202 1 0.202 7.297 0.008 SAFETY Within groups 2.708 98 0.028 Total 2.910 99 Between groups 0.202 1 0.202 7.297 0.008 FOOD Within groups 2.708 98 0.028 FACILITY Total 2.910 99 Between groups 0.000 1 0.000 0.041 0.839 REST FACILITY Within groups 0.990 98 0.010 Total 0.990 99 Between groups 0.007 1 0.007 0.170 0.681 HOTEL Within groups 3.833 98 0.039 FACILITY Total 3.840 99
The Table 1, shows that F value of satisfaction of port facilities (boating 0.126, safety 0.7297 food facilities 7.297, rest facility 0.041, hotel facility 0.170) are greater than 5 per cent level of significance. Hence the stated hypothesis, there is no association between visitor satisfaction with port facilities. This H01 hypothesis is rejected. Therefore, the visitor satisfaction with port facilities is associated. H02: There is no relationship between visitors’ status and expenses for port visit Result: H02: There is relationship between visitors’ status and expenses for port visit
People from various regions are visiting the Kanyakumari minor port. They are doing various occupations. The visitors are some amount spending for port visit. This study is analyzed relationship between visitor’s status and expenses for port visit. In this hypothesis is tested by using the chi square tools. The following table testing the hypothesis:
TABLE 2 Expenses
Below 10001- 20001- 30001- Above Status Total Chi square value Df Sig 10000 20000 30000 40000 40000 Employed 39 9 3 1 3 55 Business 8 5 1 1 3 18 Unemployed 9 0 0 0 1 10 13.328 12 0.346 Student 14 0 1 1 1 17 Total 70 14 5 3 8 100
From the Table 2, are cross table chi square sample test analysis reports delivered that H02> 0.05, H02 is accepted at 5 per cent level of significance in case visitor’s status and expenses for port visit. Therefore, the calculated value greater than table value (0.346 > 0.05) since, Null hypothesis is rejected at 5 per cent level of significance. Hence it can be conclude that visitors’ status and expense for port visit are related. H03: There is no significance between visitors’ status and season of port Result: H03: There is significance between visitors’ status and season of port Kanyakumari minor port visitors are doing various field and region. They are visit to different season in the port like holidays, festival time, summer, and etc. This study is analyzed significance between visitor’s status and season of port visit. In this hypothesis is tested by using the chi square tools. The following table testing the hypothesis:
TABLE 3 Season Status Festival Chi square Holidays Summer Others Total Df Sig Time value Employed 27 8 9 12 55 Business 10 4 3 1 18 Unemployed 6 1 3 0 10 28.199 9 .001 Student 4 0 12 1 17 Total 47 13 26 14 100
DOI: 10.9790/0837-2408103236 www.iosrjournals.org 35 |Page Performance of Minor Port in Kanyakumari - A Case Study
From the Table 3, are cross table chi square sample test analysis reports distributed that H03> 0.05, H03 is accepted at 5 per cent level of significance in case visitor’s status and season of port visit. Therefore, the calculated value less than table value (0.001< 0.05) since, Null hypothesis is accepted at 5 per cent level of significance. Hence it can be conclude that visitors’ status and season of port visit are not significance. H04: There is no significance between visitors’ status and awareness of port Result: H04: significance between visitor’s status and awareness of port People from various regions are visiting the Kanyakumari minor port. They are doing various occupations. Hence, how to they are aware of the Kanyakumari minor port. This study is analyzed connection between visitor’s status and awareness of port. In this hypothesis is tested by using the chi square tools. The following table testing the hypothesis:
TABLE 4 Awareness
Family and Chi square Status Already I Know Internet Travel Agency Total Df Sig Friends value Employed 22 19 14 0 55 Business 8 7 3 0 18 Unemployed 2 2 5 1 10 28.435 9 .001 Student 2 2 13 0 17 Total 34 30 35 1 100
From the Table 4, are cross table chi square sample test analysis reports dispersed that H04> 0.05, H04 is accepted at 5 per cent level of significance in case visitor’s status and awareness of port. Therefore, the calculated value less than table value (0.001< 0.05) since, Null hypothesis is accepted at 5 per cent level of significance. Hence it can be conclude that visitors’ status and awareness of port are not significance.
II. CONCLUSION The Kanyakumari is the famous tourist place to visit all level of people, irrespective of sex, age, cast and religions. The Government of Tamil Nadu and Private sector’s jointly offering quality of services to the people especially for tourist. The existing port facilities are up to the mark. Irrespective of income, the all groups could be enjoyed. All the respondents aware of seasons and non season, facilities offered like boat, hotels, food and medical facilities in the port area. The overall performance and respondents’ satisfaction are good and appreciable.
REFERENCES [1]. Basic Indian Port Statistics Report, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways in Government of India, 2014 – 2015. [2]. Baskar and Manikandan,(2016), “Development of Craft Tourism Service in Tamil Nadu,” International Journal of World Research, Delhi. [3]. Gopalakrishnan. G and Kalyanasundaram. P (2016), “An Empirical Study of Tourism Preferences at Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu,” International Journal of Engineering Technology Management and Applied Science, Bangalore. Volume 4. [4]. Harbouring Trouble, The Social and Environmental Upshot of Port in India, 2010. [5]. High way and Minor Port Department Report, Ministry of Tamil Nadu, 2015. [6]. Iniyan. E (2015), “Tourism in Tamil Nadu: Role of Culture / Heritage Sites in Tourist Satisfaction and Tourism Development,” International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies, Scholar Publication, Assam. [7]. Kanniyakumari Tourist Guide Book, Tamil Nadu Tourist Corporation, 2017. [8]. Manual, Tamil Nadu Maritime Board, 2017. [9]. Pre – Feasibility Study on development of a large multi – user minor port in Tamil Nadu, Madras Chamber of Commerce & Industry, 2015. [10]. Robinson.M and Vijayakumar. M (2016), “A study on Tourism Marketing Development,” International Journal for Innovation Research in Science & Technology, Delhi. [11]. Siva.E (2016),”Tourist Places at Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu”, Journal of Basic and Applied Research. [12]. Srinivas Rao. R, (2016), “Emerging Trends in Hospitality Tourism,” International Journal of Research Granthalayah, Andhra Pradesh, volume 1. [13]. www.tnmaritime.com.
DOI: 10.9790/0837-2408103236 www.iosrjournals.org 36 |Page