ANU Heritage Study Acton Campus Volume 1: Heritage Study
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ANU Heritage Study Acton Campus Volume 1: Heritage Study Report prepared for The Australian National University April 2012 Report Register The following report register documents the development and issue of the report entitled ANU Acton Campus—Heritage Study, undertaken by Godden Mackay Logan Pty Ltd in accordance with its quality management system. Godden Mackay Logan operates under a quality management system which has been certified as complying with the Australian/New Zealand Standard for quality management systems AS/NZS ISO 9001:2008. Job No. Issue No. Notes/Description Issue Date 10-6239 1 Draft Report September 2011 10-6239 2 Final Report April 2012 Copyright and Moral Rights Historical sources and reference material used in the preparation of this report are acknowledged and referenced at the end of each section and/or in figure captions. Reasonable effort has been made to identify, contact, acknowledge and obtain permission to use material from the relevant copyright owners. In accordance with the contract terms for this project GML: • vests copyright in all material produced by GML (but excluding pre-existing material and material in which copyright is held by a third party) in the client for this project (and the client’s successors in title); • retains the right to use all the material produced by GML for this project for GML’s ongoing business and for professional presentations, academic papers or publications; and • waives the Moral Rights of both GML and the project team members in this work, in accordance with the (Commonwealth) Copyright (Moral Rights) Amendment Act 2000. Executive Summary This Heritage Study is the first comprehensive and integrated assessment of the built, natural and Indigenous heritage values of the Acton Campus of ANU against the Commonwealth and National Heritage criteria. This assessment has identified Commonwealth Heritage values against eight of the criteria and that it meets the threshold for National Heritage listing for historic heritage values. The heritage values of the campus are embodied in the layered cultural landscape of the campus, and its various elements and places, some of which are already listed individually in the Commonwealth Heritage List. The Commonwealth’s Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) and its accompanying regulations require all government agencies to conserve and manage the heritage values of places in their control. The ANU has committed to the identification, protection and conservation of the heritage values it manages through its Heritage Strategy 2010–2012. The ANU’s commitment to managing its heritage values is illustrated by the range of heritage management tools it has developed and in the active role of the ANU Heritage Officer within the Facilities and Services Division. This Heritage Study is one such tool and satisfies an obligation of the EPBC Act to identify the heritage values of the whole of the Acton campus. The cultural landscape of the campus reflects all the phases of the history of the University. The layers of history and importance begin with Indigenous occupation of the site and extend to Griffin’s plans for the development of Canberra as the national capital of Australia and the formation and growth of the University. The influence of the various strong personalities—Academic Advisers, architects and planners—and ANU’s unique contribution and international standing in fields of scientific research and endeavour are also visible. These places, values and achievements are to be recognised, celebrated and conserved as the University plans its future development up to 2030. To conserve the ANU’s heritage values, the Facilities and Services Division will continue to actively develop, revise and implement its heritage management tools which support the conservation of the array of heritage values and ANU Heritage Study, Acton Campus—Volume 1: Heritage Study—April 2012 i places. This study acknowledges the obligations on the site’s managers that arise from the heritage values of the campus and emphasises the need for rigorous internal self- assessment and peer-review processes in any future development proposals. This report forms Volume 1 of the Heritage Study. Volume 2, the Heritage Inventory, contains a series of heritage inventories for individual elements, buildings and sites of the campus to be assessed against the Commonwealth and National Heritage criteria. Using a template developed by Godden Mackay Logan, these include descriptions, historical overviews and heritage assessments of the individual places of the Acton campus to be recognised for their heritage value and contribution to the campus as a whole. Figure ES1: ANU Acton campus. The boundary of the campus is marked in yellow and is a place identified in this Heritage Study as having exceptional heritage value. Individual elements within the site contribute to the cultural landscape of the site’s exceptional value and/ or have exceptional value in their own right. These elements are indicated in yellow and hatched, including the Acton Conservation Area, University House and setting, Menzies Library and setting, Sullivans Creek, ANU School of Art, Ellery Crescent, University Avenue and Toad Hall. (Refer to Section 7.0 for further information). ii ANU Heritage Study, Acton Campus—Volume 1: Heritage Study—April 2012 Contents Page Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................... i 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Study Area ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 ANU Administrative Precincts ................................................................................................................ 1 1.4 Structure of the Report ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Listings ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5.1 Statutory Listings.............................................................................................................................. 3 1.5.2 Other Heritage Listings .................................................................................................................... 4 1.6 Previous Studies ..................................................................................................................................... 6 1.7 Current and Future Studies .................................................................................................................... 6 1.8 Authorship ............................................................................................................................................... 7 1.9 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.10 Endnotes ............................................................................................................................................. 12 2.0 ANU Acton Campus—Setting the Scene ........................................................................................... 13 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 13 2.2 History of the Site .................................................................................................................................. 13 2.2.1 Historic Phases used in the Report .............................................................................................. 13 2.2.2 Early Canberra ............................................................................................................................... 13 2.2.3 The Australian National University ............................................................................................... 20 2.3 Site Context—Surrounding Institutions ............................................................................................... 22 2.3.1 Background .................................................................................................................................... 22 2.3.2 Black Mountain to the West of the ANU ....................................................................................... 22 2.3.3 Acton Peninsula and Lake Burley Griffin ..................................................................................... 26 2.3.4 Civic and the City Boundary of ANU ............................................................................................ 28 2.3.5 Overview Description of the Site ................................................................................................... 32 2.4 Endnotes ............................................................................................................................................... 38 3.0 Environmental Context ........................................................................................................................