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Advisory Circular (A C) Provides Guidance for the Flight Test Evaluation of Transport Category Airplanes

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Advisory Circular (A C) Provides Guidance for the Flight Test Evaluation of Transport Category Airplanes Advisory US. DepartmenT Of TronsporTOTiOCl Federal Aviation Circular Administ ration Subject: FLIGHT TEST GUIDE FOR Date: 3/29/2011 AC No: 25-7B CERTIFICATION OF TRANSPORT Initiated By: ANM-110 CATEGORY AIRPLANES This advisory circular (A C) provides guidance for the flight test evaluation of transport category airplanes. Thi s AC includes fl ight test methods and procedures to show compliance with the regulations contained in subpart B of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 25, which address airplane perfomlance and handling characteristics. Part 25 has been amended signi ficantly since the last revision of this AC and, likewise, guidance and policy have changed in many areas as experience has been gained. During thi s time period, technology has advanced as well , resulting in a need for new or modified test techniques. Thi s revision, AC 25-78, adds acceptable means of compliance for the regulatory changes associated with amendments 108, 109, and 115 to part 25 , and a revised means of compliance for expansion oftakcoffand landing data for higher airport elevations. Means of compliance associatcd with night in icing conditions was removed as this material is now contained in AC 25-25. Ali Bahrami Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate Aircraft Ccrti fication Service 3/29/2011 AC 25-7B Table of Contents Paragraph Page No. Introduction _________________________________________________________________ 1 1. Purpose. ______________________________________________________________ 1 2. Cancellation. __________________________________________________________ 1 3. Background.___________________________________________________________ 1 4. Applicability. __________________________________________________________ 1 5. Related Publications. ____________________________________________________ 2 Chapter 1 - General ___________________________________________________________ 3 1. Applicability - § 25.1 [Reserved] __________________________________________ 3 2. Special Retroactive Requirements - § 25.2 [Reserved] _________________________ 3 Chapter 2 - Flight_____________________________________________________________ 4 Section 1. General _________________________________________________________ 4 3. Proof of Compliance - § 25.21. ____________________________________________ 4 4. Load Distribution Limits - § 25.23 [Reserved]_______________________________ 16 5. Weight Limits and Center of Gravity Limits - §§ 25.25 and 25.27 [Reserved] ______ 16 6. Empty Weight and Corresponding Center of Gravity - § 25.29 Reserved] _________ 16 7. Removable Ballast - § 25.31 [Reserved] ___________________________________ 16 8. Propeller Speed and Pitch Limits - § 25.33. _________________________________ 16 Section 2. Performance ____________________________________________________ 17 9. General - § 25.101 _____________________________________________________ 17 10. Takeoff and Takeoff Speeds - §§ 25.105 and 25.107._________________________ 19 11. Accelerate-Stop Distance - § 25.109. _____________________________________ 28 12. Takeoff Path - § 25.111 ________________________________________________ 55 13. Takeoff Distance and Takeoff Run - § 25.113 ______________________________ 63 14. Takeoff Flight Path - § 25.115___________________________________________ 67 15. Climb: General - § 25.117. _____________________________________________ 69 16. Landing Climb: All-Engines-Operating - § 25.119.__________________________ 69 17. Climb: One-Engine-Inoperative - § 25.121 ________________________________ 70 i 3/29/2011 AC 25-7B Table of Contents (continued) Paragraph Page No. 18. En Route Flight Paths - § 25.123. ________________________________________ 72 19. Landing - § 25.125____________________________________________________ 72 Section 3. Controllability and Maneuverability ________________________________ 80 20. General - § 25.143. ___________________________________________________ 81 21. Longitudinal Control - § 25.145 _________________________________________ 94 22. Directional and Lateral Control - § 25.147 _________________________________ 99 23. Minimum Control Speed - § 25.149 _____________________________________ 102 Section 4. Trim __________________________________________________________ 109 24. Trim - § 25.161 [Reserved]____________________________________________ 109 Section 5. Stability _______________________________________________________ 109 25. General - § 25.171. [Reserved]_________________________________________ 109 26. Static Longitudinal Stability and Demonstration of Static ____________________ 109 Longitudinal Stability - §§ 25.173 and 25.175. ________________________________ 109 27. Static Directional and Lateral Stability - § 25.177 __________________________ 111 28. Dynamic Stability - § 25.181. __________________________________________ 114 Section 6. Stalls__________________________________________________________ 115 29. Stall Testing. _______________________________________________________ 116 Section 7. Ground and Water Handling Characteristics ________________________ 132 30. General____________________________________________________________ 133 Section 8. Miscellaneous Flight Requirements ________________________________ 136 31. Vibration and Buffeting - § 25.251.______________________________________ 136 32. High Speed Characteristics - § 25.253. ___________________________________ 141 33. Out-of-Trim Characteristics - § 25.255. __________________________________ 145 Chapter 3 - Structure ________________________________________________________ 149 Chapter 4 – Design and Construction___________________________________________ 150 ii 3/29/2011 AC 25-7B Table of Contents (continued) Paragraph Page No. Section 1. General [Reserved]______________________________________________ 150 Section 2. Control Surfaces [Reserved] ______________________________________ 150 Section 3. Control Systems ________________________________________________ 150 34. General - § 25.671 ___________________________________________________ 150 35. - 45. [Reserved]_____________________________________________________ 150 46. Flap and Slat Interconnections - § 25.701. ________________________________ 150 47. Takeoff Warning System - § 25.703. [Reserved] ___________________________ 151 Section 4. Landing Gear __________________________________________________ 151 48. - 51. [Reserved]_____________________________________________________ 151 52. Retracting Mechanism - § 25.729._______________________________________ 151 53. Wheels - § 25.731. ___________________________________________________ 152 54. Tires - § 25.733 [Reserved] ____________________________________________ 154 55. Brakes - § 25.735 ____________________________________________________ 154 56. Skis - § 25.737 [Reserved]_____________________________________________ 169 Section 5. Floats and Hulls ________________________________________________ 169 57. - 59. [Reserved]_____________________________________________________ 169 Section 6. Personnel and Cargo Accommodations _____________________________ 169 60. - 61. [Reserved]_____________________________________________________ 169 62. Pilot Compartment View - § 25.773._____________________________________ 170 63. - 72. [Reserved]_____________________________________________________ 170 Section 7. Emergency Provisions____________________________________________ 170 73. Ditching - § 25.801 [Reserved]_________________________________________ 170 74. Emergency Egress Assist Means and Escape Routes - § 25.810. _______________ 170 75. - 83. [Reserved]_____________________________________________________ 170 Section 8. Ventilation and Heating__________________________________________ 170 84. Ventilation - § 25.831 ________________________________________________ 170 iii 3/29/2011 AC 25-7B Table of Contents (continued) Paragraph Page No. 85. Cabin Ozone Concentration - § 25.832 [Reserved] _________________________ 171 86. Combustion Heating Systems - § 25.833 [Reserved] ________________________ 171 Section 9. Pressurization __________________________________________________ 171 87. Pressurized Cabins - § 25.841.__________________________________________ 171 88. Tests For Pressurized Cabins - § 25.843 __________________________________ 174 Section 10. Fire Protection [Reserved] ______________________________________ 175 Section 11. Miscellaneous [Reserved] _______________________________________ 175 Chapter 5 - Powerplant ______________________________________________________ 176 Section 1. General _______________________________________________________ 176 89. Installation - § 25.901. [Reserved] ______________________________________ 176 90. Engines - § 25.903. __________________________________________________ 176 91. Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control System (ATTCS) - § 25.904._______________ 179 92. Propellers - § 25.905._________________________________________________ 181 93. Propeller Vibration and Fatigue - 25.907 [Reserved] _______________________ 181 94. Propeller Clearance - § 25.925 [Reserved]________________________________ 181 95. Propeller Deicing - § 25.929.___________________________________________ 182 96. Reversing Systems - § 25.933.__________________________________________ 182 97. Turbojet Engine Thrust Reverser System Tests - § 25.934. [Reserved] ______________ 185 98. Turbopropeller-Drag Limiting Systems - § 25.937 __________________________ 185 99. Turbine Engine Operating Characteristics - § 25.939 ________________________ 187 100. Inlet, Engine, and Exhaust Compatibility - § 25.941. [Reserved] ___________
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