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Caste Versus Class: Social Mobility in India, 1860- 2012
Caste versus Class: Social Mobility in India, 1860- 2012 Gregory Clark, University of California, Davis Zach Landes, UCLA, Anderson School1 September, 2012 Using surname distributions, we compare long run social mobility rates for elite and underclass groups in India 1860-2012, with those of other societies such as Sweden and the USA. It is not clear whether recent social mobility rates in India should be higher or lower than in the West. The caste system notoriously embedded privilege in elite castes. But since Independence a quota of places in higher education, and in government jobs, have been reserved for the former lower castes. These quotas are now as great as 50% of such positions. Social mobility rates in India, however, prove to be extremely low, and not any higher now than under the Raj. Despite extensive social engineering India seems to be an unusually immobile society. We hypothesize that this immobility stems from continued strong marital endogamy in India. Introduction India is an interesting society in which to study rates of social mobility. On the one hand it entered the modern era with the legacy of the Hindu caste system, which found echoes also in Muslim society, which limited intermarriage, and even social intercourse, between those of different castes. This system of exclusion was so powerful that different castes and sub-castes, even within small geographic areas, have distinct DNA profiles. 2 There is the underfunded and poorly functioning primary and secondary public education system, which those of means have largely abandoned in favor of private schooling. Further many of the poor are located in rural areas for which educational provision is particularly poor, and private 1 With thanks to Lincoln Atkinson for his great help in digitizing the 2.2 million names of the Kolkata voters roll of 2010. -
The Imperial and the Colonized Women's Viewing of the 'Other'
Gazing across the Divide in the Days of the Raj: The Imperial and the Colonized Women’s Viewing of the ‘Other’ Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Vorgelegt von Sukla Chatterjee Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Hans Harder Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Benjamin Zachariah Heidelberg, 01.04.2016 Abstract This project investigates the crucial moment of social transformation of the colonized Bengali society in the nineteenth century, when Bengali women and their bodies were being used as the site of interaction for colonial, social, political, and cultural forces, subsequently giving birth to the ‘new woman.’ What did the ‘new woman’ think about themselves, their colonial counterparts, and where did they see themselves in the newly reordered Bengali society, are some of the crucial questions this thesis answers. Both colonial and colonized women have been secondary stakeholders of colonialism and due to the power asymmetry, colonial woman have found themselves in a relatively advantageous position to form perspectives and generate voluminous discourse on the colonized women. The research uses that as the point of departure and tries to shed light on the other side of the divide, where Bengali women use the residual freedom and colonial reforms to hone their gaze and form their perspectives on their western counterparts. Each chapter of the thesis deals with a particular aspect of the colonized women’s literary representation of the ‘other’. The first chapter on Krishnabhabini Das’ travelogue, A Bengali Woman in England (1885), makes a comparative ethnographic analysis of Bengal and England, to provide the recipe for a utopian society, which Bengal should strive to become. -
English Radicalism and the Struggle for Reform
English Radicalism and the Struggle for Reform The Library of Sir Geoffrey Bindman, QC. Part I. BERNARD QUARITCH LTD MMXX BERNARD QUARITCH LTD 36 Bedford Row, London, WC1R 4JH tel.: +44 (0)20 7297 4888 fax: +44 (0)20 7297 4866 email: [email protected] / [email protected] web: www.quaritch.com Bankers: Barclays Bank PLC 1 Churchill Place London E14 5HP Sort code: 20-65-90 Account number: 10511722 Swift code: BUKBGB22 Sterling account: IBAN: GB71 BUKB 2065 9010 5117 22 Euro account: IBAN: GB03 BUKB 2065 9045 4470 11 U.S. Dollar account: IBAN: GB19 BUKB 2065 9063 9924 44 VAT number: GB 322 4543 31 Front cover: from item 106 (Gillray) Rear cover: from item 281 (Peterloo Massacre) Opposite: from item 276 (‘Martial’) List 2020/1 Introduction My father qualified in medicine at Durham University in 1926 and practised in Gateshead on Tyne for the next 43 years – excluding 6 years absence on war service from 1939 to 1945. From his student days he had been an avid book collector. He formed relationships with antiquarian booksellers throughout the north of England. His interests were eclectic but focused on English literature of the 17th and 18th centuries. Several of my father’s books have survived in the present collection. During childhood I paid little attention to his books but in later years I too became a collector. During the war I was evacuated to the Lake District and my school in Keswick incorporated Greta Hall, where Coleridge lived with Robert Southey and his family. So from an early age the Lake Poets were a significant part of my life and a focus of my book collecting. -
July-September 2016, Volume 18 No. 1
DIALOGUE QUARTERLY Volume-18 No. 1 July-September, 2016 Subscription Rates : For Individuals (in India) Single issue Rs. 30.00 Annual Rs. 100.00 For 3 years Rs. 250.00 For Institutions: Single Issue Rs. 60.00 in India, Abroad US $ 15 Annual Rs. 200.00 in India, Abroad US $ 50 For 3 years Rs. 500.00 in India, Abroad US $ 125 All cheques and Bank Drafts (Account Payee) are to be made in the name of “ASTHA BHARATI”, Delhi. Advertisement Rates : Outside back-cover Rs. 25, 000.00 Per issue Inside Covers Rs. 20, 000.00 ,, Inner page coloured Rs. 15, 000.00 ,, Inner full page Rs. 10, 000.00 ,, DIALOGUE QUARTERLY Editorial Advisory Board Mrinal Miri Jayanta Madhab Editor B.B. Kumar Consulting Editor J.N. Roy ASTHA BHARATI DELHI The views expressed by the contributors do not necessarily represent the view-point of the journal. © Astha Bharati, New Delhi Printed and Published by Dr. Lata Singh, IAS (Retd.) Secretary, Astha Bharati Registered Office: 27/201 East End Apartments, Mayur Vihar, Phase-I Extension, Delhi-110096. Working Office: 23/203 East End Apartments, Mayur Vihar, Phase-I Extension, Delhi-110096 Phone : 91-11-22712454 e-mail : [email protected] web-site : www. asthabharati.org Printed at : Nagri Printers, Naveen Shahdara, Delhi-32 Contents Editorial Perspective 7 Intellectual mercenaries, the Post-Independence Avataras of the Hindu Munshis 1. North-East Scan Assam Floods: Another Perspective 11 Patricia Mukhim Manipur: Maintaining Sanity in the Times of Chaos 14 Pradip Phanjoubam 2. Pre-Paninian India Linguistic Awareness from Rig Veda to Mahabharata 17 Dr. -
One-Time Careers Officer, Institute of Shorthand Writers.)
The Court Reporter by Harry M. Scharf (One-time Careers Officer, Institute of Shorthand Writers.) as published in The Journal of Legal History September 1989 This article is copied by the British Institute of Verbatim Reporters with the kind permission of both Harry Scharf and the original publishers, as noted here: 18/02/2003 via e-mail "We are pleased to grant you permission to use the article, free of charge, provided you grant acknowledgement of its source. Amna Whiston Publicity & Rights Executive Frank Cass Publishers" We have reformatted it to fit the web page, omitting the original page numbers. However, the BIVR cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy of any of the information contained therein. I Background In 1588 Dr. Timothy Bright published the first book in England on a shorthand system, which he termed a 'Characterie'. The following year he was granted a 15-year patent monopoly of publishing books on this system (See Appendixl).1 This was followed in 1590 by a work by Peter Bales called a 'Brachygraphy' from the Greek for shorthand. The object was to produce a verbatim simultaneous account. These publications preceded similar publication in the contemporary Europe. This may therefore be a good occasion to celebrate the centenary of a striking development which must have influenced law-reporting and the requirements of the modern system of judicial precedent. As law-reporters we are primarily concerned with the use of methods of perpetuating the oral elements in legal proceedings. These range from obscure mnemonic and idiosyncratic jottings which had to be quickly extended by their authors to complete contemporary accounts of all that was said. -
Caste and Mate Selection in Modern India Online Appendix
Marry for What? Caste and Mate Selection in Modern India Online Appendix By Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, Maitreesh Ghatak and Jeanne Lafortune A. Theoretical Appendix A1. Adding unobserved characteristics This section proves that if exploration is not too costly, what individuals choose to be the set of options they explore reflects their true ordering over observables, even in the presence of an unobservable characteristic they may also care about. Formally, we assume that in addition to the two characteristics already in our model, x and y; there is another (payoff-relevant) characteristic z (such as demand for dowry) not observed by the respondent that may be correlated with x. Is it a problem for our empirical analysis that the decision-maker can make inferences about z from their observation of x? The short answer, which this section briefly explains, is no, as long as the cost of exploration (upon which z is revealed) is low enough. Suppose z 2 fH; Lg with H > L (say, the man is attractive or not). Let us modify the payoff of a woman of caste j and type y who is matched with a man of caste i and type (x; z) to uW (i; j; x; y) = A(j; i)f(x; y)z. Let the conditional probability of z upon observing x, is denoted by p(zjx): Given z is binary, p(Hjx)+ p(Ljx) = 1: In that case, the expected payoff of this woman is: A(j; i)f(x; y)p(Hjx)H + A(j; i)f(x; y)p(Ljx)L: Suppose the choice is between two men of caste i whose characteristics are x0 and x00 with x00 > x0. -
Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
z:\ ambedkar\vol-09\vol9-01.indd MK SJ 10-1-2013/YS-13-11-2013 1 Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (14th April 1891 - 6th December 1956) z:\ ambedkar\vol-09\vol9-01.indd MK SJ 10-1-2013/YS-13-11-2013 2 BLANK z:\ ambedkar\vol-09\vol9-01.indd MK SJ 10-1-2013/YS-13-11-2013 3 Governing Class and the Servile Class Nobody will have any quarrel with the abstract principle that nothing should be done whereby the best shall be superseded by one who is only better and the better by one who is merely good and the good by one who is bad……. But Man is not a mere machine. He is a human being with feelings of sympathy for some and antipathy for others. This is even true of the ‘best’ man. He too is charged with the feelings of class sympathies and class antipathies. Having regard to these considerations the ‘best’ man from the governing class may well turn out to be the worst from the point of view of the servile classes. The difference between the governing classes and the servile classes in the matter of their attitudes towards each other is the same as the attitude a person of one nation has for that of another nation. - Dr. Ambedkar in ‘What Congress.... etc.’ z:\ ambedkar\vol-09\vol9-01.indd MK SJ 10-1-2013/YS-13-11-2013 4 z:\ ambedkar\vol-09\vol9-01.indd MK SJ 10-1-2013/YS-13-11-2013 5 DR. -
DECLINE and FALL of BUDDHISM (A Tragedy in Ancient India) Author's Preface
1 | DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM (A tragedy in Ancient India) Author's Preface DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM (A tragedy in Ancient India) Dr. K. Jamanadas 2 | DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM (A tragedy in Ancient India) Author's Preface “In every country there are two catogories of peoples one ‘EXPLOITER’ who is winner hence rule that country and other one are ‘EXPLOITED’ or defeated oppressed commoners.If you want to know true history of any country then listen to oppressed commoners. In most of cases they just know only what exploiter wants to listen from them, but there always remains some philosophers, historians and leaders among them who know true history.They do not tell edited version of history like Exploiters because they have nothing to gain from those Editions.”…. SAMAYBUDDHA DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM (A tragedy in Ancient India) By Dr. K. Jamanadas e- Publish by SAMAYBUDDHA MISHAN, Delhi DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM A tragedy in Ancient India By Dr. K. Jamanadas Published by BLUEMOON BOOKS S 201, Essel Mansion, 2286 87, Arya Samaj Road, Karol Baug, New Delhi 110 005 Rs. 400/ 3 | DECLINE AND FALL OF BUDDHISM (A tragedy in Ancient India) Author's Preface Table of Contents 00 Author's Preface 01 Introduction: Various aspects of decline of Buddhism and its ultimate fall, are discussed in details, specially the Effects rather than Causes, from the "massical" view rather than "classical" view. 02 Techniques: of brahminic control of masses to impose Brahminism over the Buddhist masses. 03 Foreign Invasions: How decline of Buddhism caused the various foreign Invasions is explained right from Alexander to Md. -
"Dr. John Ward's Trust (Concluded)," Baptist Quarterly 14.1
Dr. John Ward' s Trust (concluded.) 64. R. A. Griffin, 1861-63, Regent's. Resigned. 65. Albert Williams, 1862-66, Glasgow, where he studied classics & philosophy. He was at Circular Rd., Calcutta, 1866- 78, and in 1879 became President of Serampore. Died in 1883. 66. Frederic William Goadby, 1863-68, Regent's. Gained M.A., London. Ministered at Bluntisham, 1868-76, and Beechen Grove, Watford, 1876-79. In both places he was instrumental in erecting new buildings. He· died suddenly in 1879. 67. Frederick Philpin, 1862-65, Regent's. He resigned the ministry. 68. Henry Harris, 1864-67, Glasgow. Graduated M.A. 69. Francis Wm. WaIters, 1864-69, Rawdon and Edinburgh. vVhen he asked permission to go to Scotland, his Tutor, the Rev. S. G. Green, urged the Trustees to comply with the request as " he is already so acceptable with the Churches that his going to Edinburgh is advisable among other reasons to keep him out of the way of incessant applications to preach more frequently than is desirable for a young Student .. " He settled at Middlesborough. 70. Thomas Greenall Swindill, 1865-68, Bristol. He did not matriculate. After a pastorate at Windsor he moved to Sansome Walk, Worcester. 71. George Pearce Gould, 1867-73, Glasgow. He was elected a student "at the close of a year chiefly passed in the study of German in the University of Bonn." At Glasgow "he acquitted himself very satisfactorily" in spite of a failure in B.A. at his first attempt. He took his M.A. in '70, and was given another year "in the hope that he will devote the year to a thorough course of theological study and get as much exercise in preaching as possible." He became Professor at Regent's, 1885-96 and President, 1896-1921. -
Paper 22 SOCIO-CULTURAL and ECONOMIC HISTORY OF
DDCE/M.A Hist./Paper-22 SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY OF MODERN INDIA By Dr.Ganeswar Nayak Lecturer in History SKCG College Paralakhemundi s1 PAPER-22 SOCIO CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC HISTORY OF MODERN INDIA. INTRODUCTION (BLOCK) During the 17th and 18th century, India maintained a favorable balance of trade and had a steady economy .Self-sufficient agriculture, flourishing trade and rich handicraft industries were hallmark of Indian economy. During the last half of the 18thcentury, India was conquered by the East India Company. Along with the consolidation of British political hegemony in India, there followed colonization of its economy and society. Colonization no longer functioned through the crude tools of plunder and tribute and mercantilism but perpetuated through the more disguised and complex mechanism of free trade and foreign capital investment. The characteristic of 19th century colonialism lay in the conversion of India into supplier of foodstuff and raw materials to the metropolis, a market for metropolitan manufacturer, and a field for investment of British capital. In the same way, Indian society in the 19th century was caught in a inhuman web created by religious superstition and social obscuration .Hinduism, has became a compound of magic, animation and superstition and monstrous rites like animal sacrifice and physical torture had replaced the worship of God.The most painful was position of women .The British conquest and dissemination colonial culture and ideology led to introspection about the strength and weakness of indigenous culture and civilization. The paper discusses the Socio –Cultural and Economic history of modern India. Unit –I, discusses attitude and understandings of Orientalist, Utilitarian and Evangelicals towards Indian Society .It further delineates the part played by Christian Missionaries in India.The growth of press and education analyzed in the last section. -
Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction Du Branch Patrimoine De I'edition
Monumentalizing Tantra: The Multiple Identities of the Hamses'varl Devi Temple and the Bansberia Zamlndari Mohini Datta-Ray Faculty of Religious Studies McGill University, Montreal February 16, 2008 A thesis submitted to McGill University in Partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts © Mohini Datta-Ray 2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-51369-9 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-51369-9 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. -
The First Fifty Years of the Sunday School
THE FIRST FIFTY YEARS OF THE S U N D A Y S C H O O L . W . H . W A TSO N , One of t be Secret a rzes of fl u Sun day Scfiool CA VEN U B R A R! ! NO X CO LLEGE TO R O N TO LON DON SU N D A Y SC H L N I N 6 O L D B A I L E Y O O U O , 5 , . P R EF A C E. UPON occasion Sunda Sch o ol Union in the of the y , the 1 853 n n n year , celebrati g the Jubilee of that I stitutio , its history to that period was recorded in a volume prepared one and by of the Secretaries published by the Committee, ” THE F THE H L entitled HISTORY O SUNDAY SC OO UNION . A desire had been expressed for a Second Edition of and in n for n that Work , prepari g a complia ce with that request the Author discovered that the papers read at the Sunday School Convention of 1 862 contained a large amount of information relative t o the progress of the Sunday- school system which had not any conn ection o n with the hist ry of the Sunday School Unio . He was therefo re led t o consider whether a volume devoted t o the narrative of the o rigin and progress of the Sunday- school system during the first fifty years o f its in w n o f n history, hich the proceedi gs the Su day School Union should be recorded only so far as they materi ally n o i fluenced that pr gress , might not be the most convenient P i REFACE.