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Dædalus coming up in Dædalus: Dædalus on intellectual Richard Posner, Carla Hesse, Arnold Relman & Marcia Angell, Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences property Daniel Kevles, Lawrence Lessig, Adrian Johns, James Boyle, Rebecca Eisenberg & Richard Nelson, Roger Chartier, Arthur Winter 2002 Goldhammer, and classic texts by Diderot and Condorcet; plus a poem by Paul Muldoon, a story by Frederick Busch, and notes Winter 2002: on inequality by Wendy Doniger, Roald Hoffmann, W. G. Runciman, and Leo Breiman comment Ira Katznelson Evil & politics 7 on education Diane Ravitch, with comments by Howard Gardner, Theodore on inequality James K. Galbraith A perfect crime: global inequality 11 after the Sizer, E. D. Hirsch, Jr., Deborah Meier, Patricia Graham, Orlando Patterson Beyond compassion 26 culture wars Thomas Bender, Joyce Appleby, Robert Boyers, Catharine Stimpson, and Andrew Delbanco; plus Antonio Gramsci, Jeffrey Richard A. Epstein Against redress 39 Mirel, and Joel Cohen & David Bloom Christopher Jencks Does inequality matter? 49 Sean Wilentz America’s lost egalitarian tradition 66 on beauty Susan Sontag, Arthur C. Danto, Denis Donoghue, Dave Hickey, James F. Crow Unequal by nature: a geneticist’s perspective 81 Alexander Nehamas, Robert Campbell, David Carrier, Ernst Mayr The biology of race 89 Margo Jefferson, Kathy L. Peiss, Nancy Etcoff, and Martha C. Nussbaum Sex, laws & inequality: India’s experience 95 Gary William Flake Robert W. Fogel & Chulhee Lee Who gets health care 107 on international Stanley Hoffmann, Martha C. Nussbaum, Jean Bethke Ian Shapiro Why the poor don’t soak the rich 118 justice Elshtain, Stephen Krasner & Jack Goldsmith, Gary Bass, David Rieff, Anne-Marie Slaughter, Charles R. Beitz, Jonathan Schell, Carl Kaysen, and Anthony Lewis poetry Frank Bidart Young Marx 129 ½ction Bharati Mukherjee A wedding 131 on time Thomas Gold, Michael Rosbash, Danielle Allen, Mary Douglas, Anthony Grafton, J. Hillis Miller, David S. Landes, Michael notes Howard Gardner on intelligence 139 Gazzaniga, D. Graham Burnett, and Richard K. Fenn Frank Wilczek on the world’s numerical recipe 142 David G.Nathan on clinical research & the future of medicine 147 Neil J. Smelser on a new encyclopedia 151 Gerald Early on Miles Davis &Vince Lombardi 154 U.S. $9.95/Canada $12.95 Inside front cover: Detail from Goya’s “Estragos de la guerra” (Ravages of War), etching num- ber 30 from “Los desastres de la guerra” (The Disasters of War). Some experts believe that this is the ½rst depiction by an artist of the civilian victims of a wartime bombing. See Ira Katznelson on Evil & politics, pages 7–10. Courtesy of the Yale University Art Gallery. Board of editors Joyce Appleby (u.s. history, ucla), Stanley Hoffmann (government, Harvard), Donald Kennedy (environmental science, Stanford), Martha C. Nussbaum (law and philosophy, Chicago), Neil J. Smelser (sociology, Berkeley), Steven Weinberg (physics, University of Texas-Austin) Steven Marcus, Editor of the Academy James Miller, Editor of Dædalus Russell Banks, Fiction Adviser Rosanna Warren, Poetry Adviser Editorial advisers Michael Boudin (law, u.s. Court of Appeals), Wendy Doniger (religion, Chicago), Clifford Geertz (anthropology, Institute for Advanced Study), Carol Gluck (Asian history, Columbia), Stephen Greenblatt (English, Harvard), Thomas Laqueur (European history, Berkeley), Alan Lightman (English and physics, mit), Steven Pinker (neuroscience, mit), Diane Ravitch (education, nyu), Richard Shweder (human development, Chicago), Frank Wilczek (physics, mit) Editorial staff Phyllis S. Bendell, Managing Editor and Director of Academy Publications Sarah M. Shoemaker, Associate Editor Dædalus is designed by Alvin Eisenman Dædalus Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences The Academy was chartered in 1780. Its seal depicts Minerva flanked by a quadrant and a telescope in a ½eld of Indian corn. The sun above the cloud represents the nation’s rising state “in regard to empire, and the arts and sciences,” while the motto, Sub libertate florent, conveys the idea that arts and sciences flourish best in free states. Dædalus was founded in 1955 and established as a quarterly in 1958. The journal’s namesake was renowned in ancient Greece as an inventor, scientist, and unriddler of riddles. Its emblem, a labyrinth seen from above, symbolizes the aspiration of its founders to “lift each of us above his cell in the labyrinth of learning in order that he may see the entire structure as if from above, where each separate part loses its comfortable separateness.” Dædalus Winter 2002 gst number: 14034 3229 rt. Issued as Volume 131, Number 1 All subscription orders, single-copy orders, and © 2002 by the American Academy change-of-address information must be sent in of Arts & Sciences. writing to the Dædalus Business Of½ce, 136 Irv- Who gets health care? ing Street, Suite 100, Cambridge ma 02138. © 2002 by Robert W. Fogel The three faces of intelligence Newsstand distribution by Eastern News Dis- © 2002 by Howard Gardner tributors, Inc., 2020 Superior Street, Sandusky, Does inequality matter? oh 44870; Telephone: 800 221 3148. © 2002 by Christopher Jencks Periodicals postage paid at Boston ma, and at A wedding additional mailing of½ces. © 2002 by Bharati Mukherjee Postmaster: Send address changes to Library of Congress Catalog No. 12-30299. Dædalus, 136 Irving Street, Suite 100, Cambridge ma 02138, u.s.a. isbn 0-87724-029-9 If you wish to reprint an article from Dædalus Editorial of½ces: Dædalus, Norton’s Woods, in another publication or to reproduce an arti- 136 Irving Street, Cambridge ma 02138. cle for classroom or other use, please send a Phone: 617 491 2600. Fax: 617 576 5088. written request to: Email: [email protected]. Permissions Manager, Dædalus, Dædalus publishes by invitation only, and as- 136 Irving Street, Cambridge ma 02138. sumes no responsibility for unsolicited manu- Permission can be granted in most cases; scripts. The views expressed are those of the charges vary according to use of the copyright- author of each article, and not necessarily of ed materials. If you have questions call 617 491 the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 2600 and speak to the permissions manager. Dædalus (issn 0011-5266) is published quarter- Printed in the United States of America by ly by the American Academy of Arts & Sci- Cadmus Professional Communications, Science Press Division, 300 West Chestnut ences. u.s. subscription rates: for individuals - Street, Ephrata $33, one year; $60.50, two years; $82.50, three pa 17522. years; for institutions - $49.50, one year; The typeface is Cycles, designed by Sumner $82.50, two years; $110, three years. Canadian Stone at the Stone Type Foundry of Guinda subscription rates: for individuals - $42, one ca. Each size of Cycles has been separately year; $78.75, two years; $109.50, three years; designed in the tradition of metal types; some for institutions - $60, one year; $102, two sizes appear here for the ½rst time. years; $138.50, three years. All other foreign subscribers must add $7.00 per year to the Maps and graphs were designed by Joe Moore price of u.s. subscriptions. Replacement of Moore+Associates of Cambridge ma. copies for damaged or misrouted issues will be sent free of charge up to six months from the Computer applications run by Peter Johnson of date of original publication. Thereafter back ris, Yale University. copies are available for the current cover price plus postage and handling. With this issue Dædalus enters a new era. Founded in 1955 and launched as a quarterly in 1958, the journal took shape under the pioneering leadership of Walter Muir Whitehill, Gerald Holton, and Philip Rieff–and then flourished for nearly forty years under the distinguished direction of Stephen R. Graubard. Over these years Graubard produced memorable issues on a wide variety of topics, from The Negro American in 1965 to Why South Africa Matters just last year. Professor Graubard, like his predecessors, has left a remarkable legacy that a new editor can only hope to extend. From its inception Dædalus has been notes are meant to keep readers abreast published by one of the nation’s oldest of developments in every ½eld repre- honori½c societies, the American Acad- sented in the Academy. In each issue emy of Arts and Sciences. But from the readers may thus expect to hear from start, Dædalus has been an experiment, some of our nation’s most accom- a work in progress–a bold effort to plished ½gures, addressing topics from bring a variety of specialists from every the meaning of intelligence to the future ½eld of endeavor into ongoing contact of American medicine. with educated readers from all walks of In 1958, upon launching Dædalus as a life. quarterly, Gerald Holton promised to It is in this spirit of interdisciplinary turn the journal into “a medium experimentation that the present issue through which leading scholars in all of Dædalus introduces some novel fea- ½elds can address one another,” in order tures. As before, the journal at its heart to focus “our attention again on that will consist of essays on a single theme which does or should make us members that changes with each issue. But in of one community.” addition to this core of thematic essays, I share this vision. And as I start my we will regularly publish poetry and editorship, I hope to be able–like ½ction; we will occasionally include Whitehill, Rieff, Holton, and Graubard commentary on current events; and we – to honor in practice the eighteenth- will sometimes print letters from our century charter of the American Acade- readers. In addition we are inaugurat- my of Arts and Sciences: ing a new department in the journal To cultivate every art and science which consisting of brief “notes” written may tend to advance the interest, honor, exclusively by Fellows of the American dignity, and happiness of a free, independ- Academy of Arts and Sciences.
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