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THE HISTORY of SPORT and PHYSICAL EDUCATION AS a FIELD of STUDY in HIGHER EDUCATION. Th n t r 'I f 77-1856 I t I i THURMOND, Raymond Clyde, 1921- ; THE HISTORY OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION I AS A FIELD OF STUDY IN HIGHER EDUCATION. The University of Oklahoma, Ed.D., 1976 Ï Education, physical Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 4sio6 © Copyright 1976 by Raymond Clyde Thurmond PLEASE NOTE: Pages 28-29 are lacking in number only, no text is missing. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE THE HISTORY OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION AS A FIELD OF STUDY IN HIGHER EDUCATION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION BY RAYMOND CLYDE THURMOND Norman, Oklahoma 1976 THE HISTORY OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION AS A FIELD OF STUDY IN HIGHER EDUCATION APPROVED BY 2 DISSERTATION COMMITTEE TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......... vii INTRODUCTION......... 1 Chapter I. CONTEXT FOR INQUIRY.......................... 4 Statement of the Problem................. 12 Need for the Study............. 14 Purpose of the Study......... 16 II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE..................... 17 General Review of the Literature......... 17 Literature on the Teaching of Courses 22 Literature on Textbooks ..... 24 Literature on Theses and Dissertations.... 28 Review of the Development of periodicals.. 38 III. DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY....................... 44 Design......... 44 Methodology for Course Offerings 55 Methodology for Text books ......... 58 Methodology for Theses and Dissertations.. 51 Methodology for the Periodical Literature. 52 Limitations of the Study.................. 64 IV. CDURSES IN THE HISTORY OF SPORT AND • PHYSICAL EDUCATION.. ................... 56 V. TEXTBOOKS USED IN THE TEACHING OF THE HISTORY OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION 91 VI. MASTER'S THESES AND DDCTDRAL DISSERTATIONS IN THE HISTORY OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION.................................... 105 VII. THE HISTORY OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN PROFESSIONAL PHYSICAL EDUCATION JOURNALS.. 138 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.............. 157 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................... 525 111 LIST OF TABLES 1. Table of History Classification.......o • 53 2. Classification of Sources Utilized in History of Physical Education Textbooks.............. 50 3. History and philosophy of Physical Education Required in Professional physical Education Schools in 1914.............................. 67 4. Response to Mailed Questionnaires on the Teaching of Courses in the History of Sport and physical Education....................... 69 5. Most Frequently Used Course Titles in 1970 in The History of Sport, physical and Health Education, Recreation by College Enrollment and Level Offered............. 71 6. Frequency Distribution of Course Titles in Graduate Courses in the History of Sport, physical and Health Education in Selected Colleges, 1973.............. 75 7. Frequency Distribution of Graduate Courses in the History of Sport, Physical and Health Education, Recreation in Selected Colleges, 1973 ......... SO 8. Annual Frequency of Offering of Courses in the History of Sport, physical and Health Education, Recreation, 1970........... 83 9. Distribution of 288 Courses in the History of Sport and physical Education According to Size of College and Required Status........ 86 10. Evaluation of Faculty Competence to Teach Courses in the History of Sport, Physical and Health Education, Recreation........... 88 11. Evaluation of Library Resources in Colleges Offering Courses in the History of Sport, physical and Health Education, Recreation.... 89 12. Frequency Distribution of Textbooks Used in the Teaching of the History of Sport and physical Education, 1970..................... 93 13. Analysis of Sources Cited in Textbooks in the History of Physical Education............ 97 14. Summary of Sources Cited in Textbooks in the History of Physical Education................ 98 15. Frequency of Sources Cited in Textbooks in the History of Physical Education............. 100 16. Analysis of Space Devoted to Historical Periods in Textbooks in the History of Sport and physical Education .................. 103 IV 17. Comparison of Relation of Historical Studies to Total Number of Theses and Dissertations in physical Education................... 112 18. Chronological Summary of Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations in the History of Sport and Physical Education 1927-1973...... 116 19. Extract From Rank List of Universities As To Number of Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations in the History of Sport and Physical Education............................ 117 20. History Classification of Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations in History of Sport and Physical Education By College 1927-1973... 118 21. Summary of History Classification of Theses and Dissertations in the History of Sport and Physical Education........... 123 22. Subject Topics of 1281 Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations....................... 125 23. Summary of Subject Topics of Theses and Dissertations in the History of Sport and physical Education........ .................. 126 24. Publication of Theses and Dissertations in Professional Journals......................... 128 25. Comparison of History Classification of Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations and Professional Journal Articles............. 130 26. Colleges of Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations Published in Professional Journals 1927-1972................... 132 27. Chronological Bibliography of Books Published From Theses and Dissertations in the History of Sport and Physical Education......... 133 28. Chronological Summary of Number of Titles, Number and Percentage of Titles Concerned With History in professional physical Education Journals............... 140 29. Summary of Historical Titles in Professional Physical Education Journals............ 143 3D. History Classification of Historical Papers Published in Professional Physical Education Journals.................... 145 31. Subject Topics of Papers Published in pro­ fessional Journals in the History of Sport and physical Education..................... 147 32. Summary of Subject Topics of papers Published in Professional Journals in the History of Sport and Physical Education................. 149 33. Most Prolific Authors of Historical Papers in Professional Journals........... 151 34. Sport History Papers Published in Selected History Journals............... 153 LIST OF APPENDIXES A. Survey of the Teaching of the History of Sport and Physical Education.................. 170 B . Frequency Distribution of Course Titles in the History of Sport, Physical and Health Education, Recreation By College Enrollment and Level Offered, 1970.............. 171 C . Alphabetical List of Course Titles in the History of Sport and physical Education 1970-1973...................................... 175 0. Frequency Distribution of Courses in the History of Sport, physical and Health Education, Recreation That Are Required for Degrees...... 178 E. Method and Operational Definitions of Ratings for Subjective Evaluations......... 181 F . Chronological Summary of Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations in the History of Sport and Physical Education by Decades 1920-1970...................................... 182 G . Rank List of Universities As To Number of Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations in the History of Sport and physical Education........................ 189 H . Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations Related to the History of Sports, Health, physical Education, Recreation, 1927-197S..... 192 1. Bibliography of Papers Related to the History of Sports, Health, physical Education and Recreation From American Professional Journals, 1894-1975............ 410 VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge Dr. John L. Hutchinson, San Francisco State University and co-author of Rice, Hutchinson, Lee, Brief History of Physical Education, who gave me the idea and inspiration for this study in class in the mornings and nurtured it on the golf course in the afernoons. A special acknowledgement to the late Dr. Claude Kelley, mentor and friend, who encouraged me to pursue the idea. lYly thanks to each member of the Committee for each one's individual contribution. A special thanks to my wife for love and support during the entire process from the idea to the completion. My gratitude to my parents-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. B. A. Hasty, Sr. for their assistance and understanding. To all of my students, who have made me know each day the joy and mutuality of the life-long process of learning, my appreciation. Vll THE HISTORY.OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION AS A FIELD OF STUDY IN HIGHER EDUCATION INTRODUCTION Sport and physical education have long been a part of history and of education. Examples of the unique role of sport in history are that the historian, Timaeus (ca. 350 B.C.) instituted the use of the Olympiad by Greek historians as a method of reckoning time;^ and that in the Chinese language the original form of the character for historian was a hand holding a receptacle used to hold 2 tallies at archery contests. In education there are indications that sports have been included in the training of youth from recorded history. The Iliad and the Odyssey of Homer (_ca. BSD B.C.) contain descriptions of 3 these sports activities of ancient cultures. In the history of higher education there is perhaps no area that has been more neglected as a subject of scholarly Oskar Seyffert, Dictionary of Classical Antiquities: Mythology, Religion, Literature, Art, r'ëvl and
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