Posted on Authorea 27 Nov 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160649290.04915964/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. aeweeteudltdiouao S eaels hn5cln omn nt cu,tecuwt the with cfu the (cfu), units forming colony 5 than less became TSA on on plated inocula were Wilmington, plates. ( undiluted sample Scientific, TSA sample the Thermo undiluted on Nippon where saline an placed cm; case remaining of was 5 bottles the and which (diameter, addition, into USA), filter dilution Ikemoto membrane NC, In each placed 100, 0.22micrometer . of Sonic a and each) (TSA) (Since through peeled filtered mL kHz agar amount. were 36 soy (0.25 at used trypticase aliquots paper sonication frequently four four toilet to saline; most min. the subjected 5 sterile the of were for held in was length Japan) and that Ltd., paper the saline Co., hands toilet Technology and normal Scientific gloved of of sheets Japan mL double the of sheets 200 by Ltd., number 4 the containing conducted Kyowa the that of survey of 2500 on revealed a layers gloves four because No. wiping subjects outer with used Glove 1,748 for wiping were with paper (Plastic after paper gloves Association toilet gloves toilet the Industry of Double to sheets Equipment adhering females) examined. Four 15 microbe Sanitary examined. was and of was males number bidets paper (17 the students of toilet and nursing worn use 32 were of Japan) the defecation Osaka, without after gloves and bidets. to of adhering with use microbe the of without number The and with defecation after volunteers hand 32 of spreading the METHODS contamination of on is microbial hands effect with of bidets any the prevention only has of of the bidets done contamination use in of microbial been bidets use the of the have and effectiveness whether defecation on the Japan clear after on in made Studies developed been hands. not were of has hygiene (bidets) it However, spray world. water the throughout with seats toilet Electric INTRODUCTION defecation. (p used after was bidets bidet of a individual. use when the the reduced up significantly The left was was gloves test). use to examined. rank for adhering was bidet buttocks microbe gloves of the of type double number wipe the used.The students the to even nursing used of and bidet were glove) 32 39,449.3 the paper (outer was of of toilet glove time participation of wash second layers the volume, the flow four Results: with select of and defecation to contamination hand free after microbe dominant were volunteers bidets the the known. on of and not worn is defecation use were defecation after the gloves after Double without bidets and of studied. use was with the hands with of hands of contamination contamination microbial in reduction Objective: Abstract 2020 27, November 1 defecation after Oie (bidets) Shigeharu spray of water use with the seats without toilet or electric with hands of contamination Microbial ay-nd iyUniversity City Sanyo-Onoda ihu h s fabdt h vrg value average the bidet, a of use the Without ocuin twsdsoee htrdcino irb otmnto fhnswspsil with possible was hands of contamination microbe of reduction that discovered was It Conclusion: lcrctie et ihwtrsry(ies r ann npplrt l vrtewrd oee,teetn of extent the However, world. the over all popularity in gaining are (bidets) spray water with seats toilet Electric ± 7783cln omn nt cu lv;hwvr tws4,146.9 was it however, glove; / (cfu) units forming colony 77,768.3 1 n a Suetomi Mai and 1 nvitro in 4 hs S eeclue eoial t3 o 8h.I the In hr. 48 for 35 at aerobically cultured were TSA These ± 3,4 tnaddvaino h ubro irb tahdt h gloves the to attached microbe of number the of deviation standard ahsml a iue 0fl,10fl n 1000-fold and 100-fold 10-fold, diluted was sample Each experiments. 1 1 hrfr,ti xeieteaie the examined experiment this Therefore, ± 1477cu/goewe ie was bidet a when glove / cfu 11,427.7 ca. 0 L ntebtl was bottle the in mL) 200 < .01 icxnsinged- Wilcoxon 0.0001, Methods: h microbe The 2 The Posted on Authorea 27 Nov 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160649290.04915964/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. rfe h ril.M atcptdi h eino h td,priiae ndt olcinadanalysis, and collection date in participated analysis, study, date the REFERENCES performed of and design planned article. the collection, the in date revised participated in critically MS participated study, article. the the of drafted design the developed SO CONTRIBUTIONS interest. AUTHORS of conflict reducing no in declare method authors effective The an was the defecation. (bidets) INTEREST of spray in OF time water effective CONFLICT the with also at seats hands be toilet to electric defecation. to adhering of after experiment, presumed faces use fingers this are the of In they conclusion, contamination possible. use, In microbial as medical reducing infections. much in intestinal for effective spreading as developed of be defecation originally prevention to after were found hand bidets was then the Although bidets toilet, of the of using contamination use after fecal the hands prevent their disinfect to or ant wash sufficiently infections not intestinal food. does handling of and norovirus spread the the with on infected impact previous major the coli a of chia has gastroenteritis, that defecation norovirus previous as after as the significant hand such in as of as not feces of confirmed was from cfu contamination was fieldwork the bidets this that in of were effectiveness bidets obtained ( of results used effect were The the bidets used. Subse- the bidets. not when of lower was cantly non-use bidets and when use glove the cfu/ after paper count toilet mean of sheets of presence 4 the with containing quently, with gloves feces bidets disposable diarrheal wearing artificial of ticipants with effectiveness smeared the was reported buttocks already have We DISCUSSION ie a sd h muto irb deigt h lv fe eeainwssgicnl eue when reduced significantly was defecation after glove ( the to used adhering was bidets. microbe bidet of of a amount use The the 39,449.3 used. without was was and bidet bidet with a defecation only after using gloves and without to performed, attached not microbe average cfu of was The more number agar the had GAM shows individuals 1 with five Table performed. culture all was anaerobic compared, TSA experiment, were with this culture agar aerobic in GAM cultured defecation Therefore, with after gloves TSA. anaerobically to attached with and microorganism TSA of cfu with the when aerobically subjects), (5 pre-experiment the In 17007). number; management (bidets) certificate seats toilet Examination RESULTS washing 2017, water warm 8, without finger November and and date; with Hands Approval use (Title: of -, Committee comparison Review - Ethics Therefore, defecation University Prefecture). Frontier after Yamaguchi participation Ube City, contamination the the (Ube with from University Frontier obtained conducted was Ube was the permission experiment from This students counted. nursing volunteer were of TSA on technique filtration membrane OeS ohk ,AiaE aiaA h s feeti oltsaswt ae pa seccosin efficacious is spray water with seats toilet electric of use The A. Kamiya E, Arita H, Aoshika S, Oie 1. anann adhgeei xeietlmodel. experimental in hygiene hand maintaining infections. ± ± 11-14 tnaddvainof deviation standard tnaddvaino h ooyfriguis(f)atce ogoe fe defecation after gloves to attached (cfu) units forming colony the of deviation standard p 5-10 codnl,hn yin fe eeaini fcus important, course of is defecation after hygiene hand Accordingly, < .01 icxnsne-akts)(al 1). (Table test) singed-rank Wilcoxon 0.0001, o xml,otrasrsligfo odhnlr h r netdo subclinical or infected are who handlers food from resulting outbreaks example, For .marcescens S. lsrdodsdifficile Clostridioides ± .marcescens S. ntesraeo h lvswsqatfid fe sn h ies the bidets, the using After quantified. was gloves the of surface the on 7783/goe oee,i a 4,146.9 was it however, glove, / 77,768.3 p < .00)pirt iigteatfiildarelfcs Although feces. diarrheal artificial the wiping to prior 0.00001) a 0.067 was 2 p netDis. Infect J Jpn nvitro in eae netos n enterohemorrhagic and infections, related nvitro in ± ertamarcescens Serratia xeiet ti siae htmicrobial that estimated is It experiment. .4 f/goe n tws4,275 was it and glove, cfu/ 0.249 xeiet.Nml,amdlo the of model a Namely, experiments. 2018;71(4):306-308. ± .marcescens S. 1477/goewe a when glove / 11,427.7 n ie ytepar- the by wiped and , nvitro in 15 u ti loimport- also is it but xeiet the experiment, a signifi- was Escheri- ± 6,069 Posted on Authorea 27 Nov 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160649290.04915964/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. al .Cnaiaino adatrdfcto iho ihu h s ftie et with seats toilet of use the without or with defecation after (bidets)* hand spray water of Contamination 1. Table 41.7 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 5.6 7.1 7.2 7.8 8.5 1.0 14 1.7 13 4.1 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 Sex 4 (cfu)/glove units forming Colony 3 (cfu)/glove 2 units forming Colony 1 no. participant Experiment GenL,Sla A ak ,e l odwre adwsigpatcs nosrainstudy. observation an practices: washing hand worker Food al. bread. et by V, caused Radke norovirus CA, of Selman outbreak LR, foodborne Green A al. 15. et T, Jinbo A, Center Sahara National Y, Diseases, Tsuchiya Viral noro- of for 14. Division routes UD. transmission Parashar hypothetical LH, and Gould K, known Pringle of ME, review Wikswo A AJ, al. Hall et 13. L, Baert management A, outbreak Stals Norovirus E, Mathijs “Updated hygiene CDC. 12. hand Services Human of and effect Health The of VO. Department Rotimi U.S. KA, 11. Al-Abdulghani HA, Mousa WY, Jamal MF, Salama 10. BakR,DksA,Adro E ta.Hnwsigt rvn irhai a-aecenters. day-care in diarrhea prevent to Handwashing al. enteric et of KE, dynamics Anderson Transmission AC, CM. Dykes Hawkins RE, BJ, Black Selwyn 9. LK, of Pickering role HL, the DuPont facility: EE, long-term-care Ekanem a 8. of at prevention outbreak and norovirus control Infection A MA. al. agents Worsley etiologic et 7. of KJ, study Schwab Prospective M, Vinj´e J. of Fomek E, cells HM, Gunn biofilm Wu DJ, against Weber 6. disinfectants JB, of Kotch Efficacy JF, Walsh T. Nakazawa WH, H, Lyman Konishi conta- 5. A, microbial Kamiya of Y, recovery in Huang conditions S, pa- ultrasonication Oie of toilet 4. Importance of LV. Hervey use LI, the Lin on DK, Jeng survey 3. status present “A Association. Industry Equipment Sanitary Japan 2. odProt Food Microbiol. United - outbreaks norovirus foodborne signs: 2009-2012. Vital (CDC). States, Diseases Respiratory and Immunization for viruses. guidelines.” ps://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr6003.pdf prevention hospital. disease teaching Kuwaiti and a in setting ICU an Health in Public infections hospital-acquired on compliance Epidemiol J centers. day-care in bacteria ther. contamination. surface environmental centers. care child in outbreaks gastroenteritis acute of methicillin-resistant surfaces. material from mination 2017. ber, per.” 984(up C):59-66. 1998;41(Suppl < http://www.sanitary-net.com.com/trend/research/toiletpaper2016.html odEvrnVirol Environ Food 2015;32(3):153-158. 066 (10):2417-2423. 2006;69 . 9113(4) 1981;113 . 036(1):27-34. 2013;6 . MRMr otlWl Rep. Wkly Mortal Morb MMWR tpyoocsaureus Staphylococcus : hnbdtntue hnbdtused bidet When used not bidet When mJEpidemiol J Am 445-451. 024(4):131-152. 2012;4 . × × × × × × × × × × × × × × 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 plBacteriol Appl F 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 MRMr otlWl Rep. Wkly Mortal Morb MMWR netCnrlHs Epidemiol. Hosp Control Infect . Microbios > 9318(4):562-572. 1983;118 . cesd8Jnay 2020. January, 8 accessed , 3 lsrdu difficile Clostridium 906() 479-484. 1990;68(5): . 2014;63(22):491-495. 1996;85(345):223-230. . Pediatr. J 1 Female Female Male Male Male Female Female Female Male 816 Male 352 7.2 5 720 310 38 328 115 131 2.4 3.4 664 5.4 × × × × 2009;154(2):253-257. 10 10 10 10 infection. 052 (10):802-810. 2005;26 3 4 4 4 01Mrh4;60(3). March 2011 > niirbChemo- Antimicrob J cesd8Novem- 8 accessed , a Food J Jap Infect J < htt- Am Male Male Male Male J Posted on Authorea 27 Nov 2020 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160649290.04915964/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 2147 Female Female Female Female 75 124 18 97 184 228 244 320 1.0 1.0 paper. toilet ** of 2.0 layers 4 with 2.0 Wiped * 2.0 4.0 4.0 Mean 5.0 32 7.0 31 1.0 30 1.1 29 1.4 28 1.5 27 1.7 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Sex 19 (cfu)/glove units forming Colony 18 (cfu)/glove 17 units forming Colony 16 15 no. participant Experiment p < ± .01(icxnsge-aktest) signed-rank (Wilcoxon 0.0001 tnaddvain* 39,449.3 ** deviation standard × × × × × × × × × × × × × × 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 ± 77834,146.9 77,768.3 4 6 Female Female Male Female Male Male Female Female Male Male Male 265 29 63 15 38 360 172 848 1.5 134 66 420 1.0 4.8 × × × 10 10 10 3 3 3 ± 11,427.7 Female Male Male