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TESI Raffaella IMP.Job Alla mia forza di volontà. A questa città, Padova, che sarà per sempre parte della mia essenza. To my willpower. To this city, Padova, that will be forever part of my essence. 2 Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter I United Nations World Food Programme. The birth of WFP ........................................................... 8 1.1 Historical background. Antecedents: FAO’s pioneering work ............................................................. 8 1.2 UN World Food Programme’s birth .................................................................................................... 16 1.3 1960s: Initiatives at United Nations .................................................................................................... 20 “We began 2011 with even greater challenges, but with the 1.4 Food aid during the Second UN Development Decade of the 1970s .................................................. 22 confidence that ending hunger is possible. 1.5 Food for Development: institutionalizing project food aid ................................................................. 28 1.6 WFP Emergency and Relief Operations .............................................................................................. 31 We will continue to adapt and transform the way we work to meet the immediate needs of the hungry today Chapter II Fighting Hunger Worldwide ......................................................................................................... 35 2.1 Current and previous WFP Executive Directors ................................................................................. 35 and to be a leader in crafting with governments and partners 2.2 UN World Food Programme’s Vision and Mission Statement. United Nation’s system against coherent, long term hunger solution for tomorrow”. hunger................................................................................................................................................... 36 2.3 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ........................................................................................... 41 2.4 World Hunger ...................................................................................................................................... 43 2.5 WFP Strategic Plan (2008-2011) ......................................................................................................... 46 2.6 Strategic Objective Four: Reduce Chronic Hunger and Undernutrition ............................................. 51 Josette Sheeran Chapter III Food for Development: School Feeding Programme .................................................................. 54 Executive Director 3.1 Today’s School Feeding Policy (2008-2011) ……………………………………………….............. 54 United Nation World Food Programme 3.2 WFP’s Guiding Standards ................................................................................................................... 57 3.3 Sustainability through capacity development ...................................................................................... 58 Chapter IV Emergency Operations (EMOPs) and Protracted Relief Operations (PRROs): policies and principles .......................................................................................................................................................... 62 4.1 Emergency Operations ………………………………………………………………………………. 62 4.2 Protracted Relief and Recovery Operations ........................................................................................ 66 Chapter V Case Study: The Transition Process of School feeding in El Salvador ........................................ 69 5.1 Overview ………………………………………………………………………………….………..... 69 5.2 A successful handover experience ………………………………………………………….……….. 73 5.3 The current status of School Feeding in El Salvador ......................................................................... 74 5.3.1 The National Policy Framework ................................................................................................ 75 5.3.2 The Institutional Framework .......................................................................................................75 5.3.3 The Financial Framework .......................................................................................................... 76 5.3.4 Programme design and implementation .................................................................................... 77 5.3.5 School- level arrangements and infrastructure ..........................................................................78 5.4 A preliminary study of the transition process of School feeding in El Salvador ................................ 79 5.4.1 The transition process: milestones ............................................................................................. 79 3 4 5.4.2 Steps of the process in El Salvador ............................................................................................ 80 Introduction Chapter VI Case Study: first WFP Emergency Operations. Report on Iran, Thailand, Algeria, Morocco, Tanganyika ....................................................................................................................................................... 83 6.1 Iran ....................................................................................................................................................... 83 The world has been able to produce enough food to provide every citizen 6.2 Thailand ............................................................................................................................................... 85 with an adequate diet to lead a healthy, active and productive life. Yet 6.3 Algeria ................................................................................................................................................. 86 6.4 Morocco ............................................................................................................................................... 86 the hungry-poor (those earning less than the equivalent of one dollar a 6.5 Tanganyika .......................................................................................................................................... 87 day, or who spend most of their income on food) do not have enough to Chapter VII Interviews ................................................................................................................................... 89 eat. The co-existence of hunger with the capacity to end it is one of the 7.1 Interview with Mr. Ramiro Armando de Oliveira Lopes da Silva, WFP Deputy Executive Director for gravest paradoxes of our time. It is not only morally repugnant and External Relations ................................................................................................................................ 89 7.2 Interview with Mr. Amir Mahmoud Abdulla, WFP Deputy Executive Director and Chief Operating unacceptable but politically, economically, and socially indefensible. Officer ................................................................................................................................................ 101 Poverty is the underlying cause of hunger. Other factors, including 7.3 Interview with Mrs. Ilaria Dettori, Chief School Feeding Programme Design and Support Division ............................................................................................................................ ................................ 113 political irresponsibility, corruption, civil unrest, ethic and religious 7.4 Interview with Mr. Carlo Scaramella, El Salvador ex Country Director .......................................... 123 conflict, sudden natural disasters, and prolonged and wide-spread 7.5 Interview with Mr. Marco Selva, Private Partnerships Manager. Communication, Public Policy and Private Partnerships Division ............................................................................................................ 128 drought, have compounded further the problem of poverty, and thereby hunger. Food is vital in the affairs of all nations, particularly in poor, Appendices .................................................................................................................................................... 132 Dramatis Personae ....................................................................................................................................... 145 food-deficit countries with inadequate food production or insufficient Acknowledgements …….……………………………….....………………………...…………………….. 152 foreign exchange to import the food they need. For the poor, food Ringraziamenti ............................................................................................................................................. 154 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................. 156 insecure people in those countries, the quest for food pervades their daily lives. Food aid should be oriented towards the objective of eventually eradicating hunger and poverty. It should also have as its basic objective its own elimination to help countries and people toward self-reliance and enable people to feed themselves. The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP)
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