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Análisis Estadístico De Estrellas De Hgmn 1 MARCO TEÓRICO

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Análisis Estadístico De Estrellas De Hgmn 1 MARCO TEÓRICO AnAnáálisislisis EstadEstadíísticostico dede EstrellasEstrellas dede HgMnHgMn por Natalia Edith Nuñez Presentado ante la Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física como parte de los requerimientos para la obtención del grado de Doctor en Astronomía de la UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CORDOBA Marzo, 2012 ©FaMAF ± UNC 2012 Director: Jorge Federico Gónzalez Codirector: Emilio Lapasset Gomar ÌNDICE GENERAL 1. MARCO TEÓRICO 1.1. Conceptos sobre clasificación ..................................................................... 1 1.2. Escala de temperaturas ¼...............................¼....................................... 4 1.3. Multiplicidad y rotación ¼.......................................................................... 5 1.4. Abundancias químicas ................................................................................ 6 1.5. Estratificación ............................................................................................. 7 1.6. Procesos físicos ............................................................................................ 8 1.7. Campos magnéticos y manchas químicas ¼.............................................. 10 2. RELEVAMIENTO 2.1. Introducción ¼............................................................................................. 12 2.2. Instrumental: espectrógrafo REOSC ......................................................... 14 2.3. Criterios de selección .................................................................................. 15 2.4. Adquisición y reducción .............................................................................. 18 2.5. Identificación ¼.....................................................................¼.................. 21 2.6. Resultados ................................................................................................... 25 2.7. Discusión ..................................................................................................... 26 3. VARIABILIDAD ESPECTRAL 3.1. Observaciones ¼.......................................................................................... 31 3.2. Reducción .................................................................................................... 32 3.3. Metodología de análisis ¼.......................................................................... 34 3.3.1. Método 1: Inspección visual ................................................................ 35 3.3.2. Método 2: Cálculo de espectro varianza ............................................. 37 3.3.3. Método 3: Cálculo de momentos ......................................................... 38 3.3.3.1.Estimación de errores .................................................................... 39 3.4. Discusión y conclusiones ¼......................................................................... 40 4. CATÁLOGO DE ESTRELLAS DE HGMN 4.1. Introducción ¼.....................¼.................................................................... 49 4.2. Fuentes ¼.................................................................................................... 50 4.3. Determinación de parámetros ¼................................................................ 51 4.3.1. Determinación de Tef, log g y v sen i ¼............................................... 51 4.3.2. Cálculo de d y MV ................................................................................. 51 4.3.3. Tipo espectral y presencia de elementos peculiares ¼...................... 52 4.4. Descripción del CEHgMn ¼....................................................................... 53 4.5. Discusión del catálogo................................................................................. 55 4.5.1. Velocidad rotacional ¼........................................................................ 55 4.5.2. Tipos espectrales ¼............................................................................. 57 4.5.3. Multiplicidad y períodos orbitales ¼.................................................. 57 4.5.4. Tef y log g ¼.......................................................................................... 60 4.6. A modo de conclusión ¼.............................................................................. 64 5. CONCLUSIONES ¼.................................................................................... 66 REFERENCIAS ¼........................................................................................... 69 APÉNDICES Apéndice A: Diagramas Color- Magnitud ¼................................................... 72 Apéndice B: Listas de elementos ¼................................................................ 78 Apéndice C: Catálogo de estrellas de HgMn-CEHgMn ¼............................. 81 ÍNDICE DE TABLAS 1. INTRODUCCIÓN Tabla 1.1.: Los 5 grupos de estrellas peculiares ¼......................................... 2 Tabla 1.2.: Esquema de clasificación de estrellas químicamente peculiares 3 2. RELEVAMIENTO Tabla 2.1.: Estrellas de HgMn en cúmulos ..................................................... 12 Tabla 2.2.: Estrellas seleccionadas .................................................................. 15 Tabla 2.3.: Estrellas observadas en DS .......................................................... 19 Tabla 2.4.: Observaciones realizadas en DC ¼............................................... 20 Tabla 2.5.: Estrellas de HgMn en cúmulos ¼................................................. 27 3.VARIABILIDAD ESPECTRAL Tabla 3.1.: Estrellas seleccionadas para analizar ¼....................................... 34 Tabla 3.2.: Resultados del Método 2 ¼........................................................... 38 Tabla 3.3.: Resultados del Método 3 ¼............................................................ 40 ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS 1. INTRODUCCIÓN Figura 1.1.: Abundancias medidas vs Z. [X]=logXestrella/Xsol ............................ 7 Figura 1.2.: Esquema de la atmósfera de estrellas peculiares ¼................... 9 2. RELEVAMIENTO Figura 2.1.: Diagrama Color-Magnitud de NGC 2232 (log t=7.13) ¼............ 18 Figura 2.2.: Identificación de la línea 3984 Å en DS .................................... 23 Figura 2.3.: Identificación de líneas de elementos peculiares en DC ¼........ 24 Figura 2.4.: Diagrama H-R de las estrellas de HgMn miembros de 30 cúmulos ¼........................................................................................................... 3. VARIABILIDAD ESPECTRAL Figura 3.1.: Determinación de v sen i ............................................................. 33 Figura 3.2.: Detección de línea variable del Hg por inspección visual ¼...... 36 Figura 3.3.: Detección de línea variable del Y por inspección visual ¼........ 36 Figura 3.4.: Método de varianza ..................................................................... 37 Figura 3.5.: Región en torno de 3982.5 Å del YII ¼...................................... 42 Figura 3.6.: Método de varianza para varias estrellas .................................. 45 Figura 3.7.: Comportamiento de los momentos del HgII vs. Tef ¼................ 46 Figura 3.8.: Comportamiento de los momentos del YII vs v sen i ¼............. 46 Figura 3.9.: Distribuciones de v sen i para estrellas variables y constantes 47 Figura 3.10.: Distribuciones de Tef para estrellas variables y constantes ¼ 47 4. CATÁLOGO DE ESTRELLAS DE HGMN Figura 4.1.: Distribuciones de v sen i para estrellas de HgMn y normales .. 56 Figura 4.2.: Distribuciones de v sen i para en cúmulos y campo ¼............... 57 Figura 4.3.: Distribución de Tipos espectrales ¼........................................... 58 Figura 4.4.: Multiplicidad espectroscópica de estrellas de HgMn ¼............. 58 Figura 4.5.: Distribución de log P ¼................................................................ 59 Figura 4.6.: Multiplicidad en estrellas de HgMn ........................................... 54 Figura 4.7.: Relación entre Tef fotométrica y espectroscópica ....................... 54 Figura 4.8.: Relación entre log g fotométrico y espectroscópico ¼................ 60 Figura 4.9.: Distribuciones de Tef para estrellas de HgMn ............................ 61 Figura 4.10.: Distribuciones de log g para estrellas de HgMn ¼................... 61 Figura 4.11.: Abundancia vs Tef ¼................................................................... 62 Figura 4.12.: Tef vs log g ¼.............................................................................. 63 Figura 4.13.: Diagrama H-R de estrellas de HgMn ¼.................................... 65 5. CONCLUSIONES Figura 5.1.: Distribución de estrellas para TYCHO y para el CEHgMn ¼... 68 AGRADECIMIENTOS Ahora que logré llegar a esta instancia me siento muy agradecida con mucha gente que colaboró a que mi tesis pueda ser terminada. Quiero en primer lugar agradecer a mi familia, mi esposo Miguel y mi hija Guadi, que en cada momento me acompañaron, ayudaron y se aguantaron mis ausencias. Los amo con toda mi alma. ¡Mil gracias Goros! Por siempre estar atentos a lo que me hacía falta y a dar una palabra de aliento, al igual que mi hermana Marti que siempre supo escucharme y con sus palabras darme ese abrazo que a la distancia era imposible muchas gracias a mis hermanos Mariano y Willy y sus familias por todo el apoyo y preocupación. Los quiero muchísimo! Mil gracias a los Tibus!, que siempre estuvieron dispuestos a acompañarme durante toda mi vida y especialmente desde que me vine a vivir a San Juan. Muchas gracia Sil, por hacerme el aguante todos estos años en Córdoba, siempre nuestras charlas fueron
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