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The British War Office
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1976 The rB itish War Office ;: from the Crimean War to Cardwell, 1855-1868. Paul H. Harpin University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Harpin, Paul H., "The rB itish War Office ;: from the Crimean War to Cardwell, 1855-1868." (1976). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 1592. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1592 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BRITISH WAR OFFICE: FROM THE CRIMEAN WAR TO CARDWELL, 1855-1868 A Thesis Presented by Paul H. Harpin Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial Ifillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS May 19 76 History THE BRITISH WAR OFFICE: FROM THE CRIMEAN WAR TO CARDWELL , 1855-1868 A Thesis by Paul H. Harpin Approved as to style and content by: Harold J. Gordon, Jr. , Chairmakyof Committee Franklin B. Wickv/lre, Member Mary B. Wickwire , Member Gerald W. McFarland, Department Head History Department May 1976 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE iv Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. INEFFICIENCY, NEGLIGENCE AND THE CRIMEAN WAR 7 III. REORGANIZATION 1855-1860 . 27 General 27 Correspondence and the Conduct of Business within the War Office 37 Civil-Military Relations 4 9 Armaments and Artillery Administration .... 53 Engineers 57 Clothing 61 Armaments Manufacture 64 The Accountant General's Office 71 Commissariat * 75 Conclusion 81 IV. -
The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover. -
Inventory and Survey of the Armouries of the Tower of London. Vol. I
THE ARMOVRIES OF THE TOWER OF LONDON MCMXVI McKEW PARR COLLECTION MAGELLAN and the AGE of DISCOVERY PRESENTED TO BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY • 1961 1 > SeR-GEokGE Ho\W\RDE KNfioHTAASTEFl oF THE Q.WEN£S*AA)EST/FS ARMORYAWODOn, <»^^= — ^F^H5^— r^l 5 6. : INVENTORY AND SURVEY OF THE Armouries OF THE Tower of London BY CHARLES J. FFOULKES, B.Litt.Oxon, F.S.A. CURATOR OF THE ARMOURIES n> Volume I. r LONDON Published by His Majesty's Stationery Office Book Plate of the Record Office in the Tower by J. MYNDE circa 1760 To The King's Most Excellent Majesty SIRE, laying this History and Inventory of the Armouries of the Tower INof London before Your Majesty, I cannot but feel that, in a work of this nature, it would be unfitting that I should take credit for more than the compilation and collation of a large amount of work done by others in the past. In tracing the changes that have taken place from the time when the Tower was a Storehouse of Military Equipment up to the present day, when it is the resting place of a Collection of Royal and Historical Armours many of which are without equal in Europe, I have availed myself of the National Records and also of the generous assistance of living authorities who have made a special study of the several subjects which are dealt with in these pages. I therefore ask Your Majesty's gracious permission to acknowledge here my indebtedness and gratitude to my predecessor Viscount Dillon, first Curator of the Armouries, who has unreservedly placed at my disposal the vast amount of notes, photographs, and researches, which he had collected during over twenty years of office. -
15 June 2020 [RASC COMPANY ESTABLISHMENT 1944
15 June 2020 [R.A.S.C. COMPANY ESTABLISHMENT 1944 - 1945] The Royal Army Service Corps The Royal Army Service Corps (R.A.S.C.) was the branch of the British Army responsible for the distribution of supplies to units in the field. Likewise, in the Indian Army, the Royal Indian Army Service Corps (R.I.A.S.C.) performed the same function. Both corps had the additional responsibility of transporting supplies as far as the front line, where individual units took over responsibility. The corps were also responsible for the administration and maintenance of barracks and quarters. The R.A.S.C. and R.I.A.S.C. did not issue or maintain weapons, military equipment, or ammunition as this was the responsibility of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps. However, the R.A.S.C. and R.I.A.S.C. did transport ammunition from Base Ordnance Depots to Forward Ammunition Points. It was also the task of the two corps to transport and distribute Petrol, Oil and Lubricants, often known simply as ‘POL’. Just as important, the R.A.S.C. and R.I.A.S.C. were responsible for supplying the food and water to keep the army personnel and animals fed and watered. The corps provided Field Butchery, Field Bakery and Cattle Conducting Sections. The two corps used vehicles, mules, and aircraft to keep the supplies moving. Railway and shipping transportation were the responsibility of the Royal Engineer Movements and Transportation Branch. In the 1700’s, when the British Army developed into a national army as we know it today, transport was provided by civilian contractors. -
Bones in the Tower: a Discussion of Time, Place and Circumstance. Part 2
Bones in the Tower: A Discussion of Time, Place and Circumstance. Part 2 HELEN MAURER WHILE BRITAIN struggled through the Cromwell interregnum, no one had time to ponder Princes' bones.1 The monarchy had had its head cut off. Dead Princes - reminders of a seemingly dead past - might have seemed irrelevant. As society changed, so did the uses of the Tower change. No longer a royal residence and used less frequently for the incarceration of political prisoners, its importance grew as a repository for arms and ammunition, which had become the symbols of sovereignty and power in this new age. This emphasis increased after the Restoration as larger areas within the Tower precincts were given over to the Board of Ordnance. Nor did the Restoration mark a real political return to the past. The resumption of the monarchy under Charles II did not resolve the conflict between King and Parliament. Questions of power remained, and the uncertainty of Charles's tenure persisted. This was the milieu in which another discovery of juvenile bones took place. In discussing this later find, I shall be dealing with two timelines. The first involves a series of profound changes in the physical fabric of the Tower of London. The second traces some of the vicissitudes of Charles II. The discovery of bones provides a nexus of these two lines: a nexus that must be appreciated in order to understand what the bones represented and why they were elaborately commemorated with an urn. Changes in the Tower The use of the Tower of London as a storage place for arms probably goes back to its beginnings. -
A General History of Its Interior Organization and Administration
\ COMPLETE REGULAR ARMY REGISTER OF THE UNITED STATES: \. FOR ONE HUNDRED YEARS, (1779 to 1879.) 'TOGETHER WITH THE VOLUNTEER GENERAL STAFF DURING THE W AR WITH MEXICO, AND A REGISTER OF ALL ApPOINTMENTS BY THE PRESIDEN1' OF THE UP,'1'1!D. J ",,' STATES IN THE VOLUNTEER SERVICE DURING THE 'REBELLION, WITH TUE OFFICIAL MILITARY RECORD OF EACH OFFICER. ALSO, A MILITARY HISTORY of the DEPARTMENT OF WAR, ) AND OF EACH STAFF DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY. WITH VARIOUS TABLES RELATrN( , TO THE ARMY AND OTHER IMPOR'l'ANT MILITARY INFORMATION, - '1 COMPILED FRO)I THE OFFICIAL RECORDS. COMPILED, EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THOMAS H. S. HAMERSLY. WASHINGTON, D. C. T. H. S. HAMERSLY. 1880. .--.. REB ( A MILITARY HISTORY of the DEPARTMENT OF WAR, ANn OF' EACH STAFF DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY. ,VITH VARIOUS TABLES RELATIN TO THE ARMY AND OTHER IMPORTANT llILITARY INFORMATION, COMPILED FRO)[ THE OFFICIAL RECORDS. COMPILED, EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY THOMAS H. S. HAMERSLY. WASHINGTON, D. C. T. H. S. HAlVIERSLY. 1880. I I . I THE WAR DEPARTMENT O~' THE UNITED STATES: A GENERAL HISTORY OF ITS INTERIOR ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION. THE ADMINIS'l'RATION OF THE 'VAR OI"FleE DURING 'l'Hff, REVOLUTION. On 12 June, 1776, the report of a committee which had been appointed ill the Con tinental Congress, to consider the expediency of establishing a'Var Office, was taken up in that body for consideration, when the following resolution was passed: * "Resolved, That a 'Committee ofCongress ' be appointed by the name of the 'Boarel of 'Val' and Ordnance.' to consist of five members. -
Royal Artillery Barracks and Royal Military Repository Areas
CHAPTER 7 Royal Artillery Barracks and Royal Military Repository Areas Lands above Woolwich and the Thames valley were taken artillery companies (each of 100 men), headquartered with JOHN WILSON ST for military use from 1773, initially for barracks facing their guns in Woolwich Warren. There they assisted with Woolwich Common that permitted the Royal Regiment of Ordnance work, from fusefilling to proof supervising, and Artillery to move out of the Warren. These were among also provided a guard. What became the Royal Regiment Britain’s largest barracks and unprecedented in an urban of Artillery in 1722 grew, prospered and spread. By 1748 ARTILLERY PLACE Greenhill GRAND DEPOT ROAD context. The Board of Ordnance soon added a hospi there were thirteen companies, and further wartime aug Courts tal (now Connaught Mews), built in 1778–80 and twice mentations more than doubled this number by the end CH REA ILL H enlarged during the French Wars. Wartime exigencies also of the 1750s. There were substantial postwar reductions saw the Royal Artillery Barracks extended to their present in the 1760s, and in 1771 the Regiment, now 2,464 men, Connaught astonishing length of more than a fifth of a mile 0( .4km) was reorganized into four battalions each of eight com Mews in 1801–7, in front of a great grid of stables and more panies, twelve of which, around 900 men, were stationed barracks, for more than 3,000 soldiers altogether. At the in Woolwich. Unlike the army, the Board of Ordnance D St George’s A same time more land westwards to the parish boundary required its officers (Artillery and Engineers) to obtain Royal Artillery Barracks Garrison Church GRAND DEPOT RD O R was acquired, permitting the Royal Military Repository to a formal military education. -
British Artillery Records Alan E
British Artillery Records Alan E. Mann, AG® [email protected] Background While artillery has been part of the British military since 1346, it wasn’t until 26 May 1716 that King George authorized established of a permanent body of artillery. Originally two companies of field artillery were raised at Woolwich, Kent. Each company was comprised of 100 men. Woolwich continued as the home of the Royal Artillery as it grew over time. Until 1855, the Royal Artillery was administered by the Board of Ordnance and kept records separate from the regular army, which was part of the War Office. Key dates in the history of the Royal Artillery include: 1722 - two additional artillery companies formed at Gibraltar and Minorca, raising total to four. 1741 – Royal Military Acadamy at Woolich Royal Arsenal formed to train Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers. Cadet company formed. 1748 – EIC forms artillery companies for all three presidencies (combined with Royal Artillery in 1862, records before 1862 as part of EIC records) 1756 – Royal Irish regiment of Artillery formed (combined with Royal Artillery in 1801) 1757 – twenty-four companies, now divided into two battalions. 1771 – thrity-two companies in four battalions, with two additional invalid companies made up of unfit men restricted to garrison service. 1793 – four troops of Royal Horse Artillery formed to support the Cavalry. 1801 – Royal Irish Artillery merged into the Royal Artillery 1855 – Board of Ordnance abolished, all personnel transferred to the War Office. All records of RA personnel classified under class WO. 1862 – The separate EIC presential artillery batteries (21 Horse and 48 field batteries) Were combined into the Royal Artillery. -
Staff 1 Airborne Division
27 October 2018 [DIVISIONAL AND CORPS STAFF] 1st Airborne Division Divisional Commander Major General (Acting) Robert Elliot URQUHART, D.S.O.*, H.L.I., p.s.c. Aide-de-Camp Captain (War Substantive) Graham Chatfield ROBERTS, Para R. General Staff Officer (Grade I) – (G.S.O. I) Lieutenant Colonel (Temporary) Charles Baillie MacKENZIE, Camerons General Staff Officer (Grade II) (Operations) – (G.S.O. II) Major (Temporary) Owen Frank NEWTON-DUNN, Wilts R., p.s.c. General Staff Officer (Grade II) (Air) – (G.S.O. II) Major (Temporary) David John MADDEN, R.A. General Staff Officer (Grade II) (Intelligence) – (G.S.O. II) Major (Temporary) Hugh Pownall MAGUIRE, R.U.R. Assistant Adjutant and Quarter-Master General – (A.A. & Q.M.G.) Lieutenant Colonel (Temporary) Philip Henry Herbert Hulton PRESTON, S.Lancs.R. Deputy Assistant Adjutant General – (D.A.A.G.) Major (Temporary) Lawrence Kent HARDMAN, R.A., T.A. Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General – (D.A.Q.M.G.) Major (Temporary) Ernest Rupert HODGES, R.A.S.C. Commander, Royal Artillery – (C.R.A.) Lieutenant Colonel (Temporary) Robert Guy LODER-SYMONDS, D.S.O.*, M.C., R.A.1 Staff Officer, Royal Artillery Major (Temporary) Philip Thomas TOWER, M.B.E., R.A. 1 Promoted Acting Brigadier and Acting Colonel on 29 September 1944 ©www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk Page 1 27 October 2018 [DIVISIONAL AND CORPS STAFF] Commander, Royal Engineers – (C.R.E.) Lieutenant Colonel (War Substantive) Edmund Charles Wolf MYERS, C.B.E., D.S.O., R.E. Staff Officer (Adjutant), Royal Engineers Captain (Temporary) Michael Douglas GREEN, R.E. -
Royal Artillery Barracks and Royal Military Repository Areas
DRAFT CHAPTER 7 – ROYAL ARTILLERY BARRACKS AND ROYAL MILITARY REPOSITORY AREAS Lands above Woolwich and the Thames valley were taken for military use from 1773, initially for barracks facing Woolwich Common that permitted the Royal Regiment of Artillery to move out of the Warren. These were among Britain’s largest barracks and unprecedented in an urban context. The Board of Ordnance soon added a hospital (now Connaught Mews), built in 1778–80 and twice enlarged during the French Wars. Wartime exigencies also saw the Royal Artillery Barracks extended to their present astonishing length of more than a fifth of a mile in 1801–7, in front of a great grid of stables and more barracks, for more than 3,000 soldiers altogether. At the same time more land westwards to the parish boundary was acquired, permitting the Royal Military Repository to move up from the Warren in 1802 and, through the ensuing war, to reshape an irregular natural terrain for an innovative training ground, a significant aspect of military professionalization. The resiting there in 1818–20 of the Rotunda, a temporary royal marquee from the victory celebrations of 1814 at Carlton House recast as a permanent military museum, together with the remaking of adjacent training fortifications, settled the topography of a unique landscape that served training, pleasure-ground and commemorative purposes. There have been additions, such as St George’s Garrison Church in the 1860s, and rebuildings, as after bomb damage in the 1940s. More changes have come since the departure of the Royal Artillery in 2007 when the Regiment’s headquarters moved to Larkhill in Wiltshire. -
3368 Supplement to the London Gazette, 28 June, 1945
3368 SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON GAZETTE, 28 JUNE, 1945 No. T / 62914 Warrant Officer Class II Richard Major (temporary) Harold DRIVER (71734), Royal James CASE, Royal Army Service Corps (Lich- Tank Regiment, Royal Armoured Corps (Oldham). field). Major John DUNCAN (2"9iiV), South African Forces. Major (temporary) Harry William CAS WILL (65898), Major .(temporary) John Philip Gold DUNCAN Royal Army Service Corps (Woiverhampton). (101046), .Koyal Army Service Corps (Whitchurch, Major (temporary) Bertram George CHADWICK Glams.). (P.73759), Royal Indian Army Service Corps. Major (temporary) Stuart Alexander DUNCAN Captain (temporary) William Walker CHAMBERS (04395), Corps of Royal Engineers (Glasgow, S.2). (20*4162), Intelligence Corps (Wishaw). Captain (temporary) Alan Russell McNiven DUNLOP Major (temporary) CHANDAN SINGH (IEC-4967), (86415), Royal Regiment of-Artillery (Glasgow). Indian Armoured Corps. Major (temporary) Joseph William EAGLE (79047), Major (temporary) Donald Reginald Henry Koyal Corps of Signals (Swindon). CHAPLIN (235947), Corps of. Royal Engineers Major (temporary) Richard Alfred EALES (40559), (Croydon). Royal Army Service Corps (Cambridge). Major (temporary) John Felix Salter CHAPMAN, No. T/64477 Warrant Officer Class I William EAMES, A.M.Inst.C.E. (141132), Royal Electrical and Royal Army Service Corps (Cobham, Surrey). Mechanical Engineers (Cobham, Surrey). Major Mathew Hosking EDDY (27932OV), South Subadar CHATURMAN RAI (5685), 7th Gurkha Rifles, African Forces. Indian Army. Major (temporary) Gordon Frank EDMONDS (90568), No. 4602376 Warrant Officer Class II Edward Royal Regiment of Artillery (Torquay). CHERRY, The Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Captain (temporary) Huw Bryant EDWARDS Riding) (Gosport). ,(160292), Royal Corps of Signals (Newport, Mons.). No. 821248 Warrant Officer Class II Ronald Major (temporary) Paul Broughton EDWARDS Joseph Charles Hounsell CLARKE, Royal Regiment (148520), The King's Own Royal Regiment (Lan- of ArtiGlery (Norwich). -
The Royal Artillery at the Battle of Monmouth Courthouse
NJS: An Interdisciplinary Journal Winter 2021 145 Artillery Supported by Infantry: The Royal Artillery at the Battle of Monmouth Courthouse By Michael Timpanaro and Victor Pidermann DOI: https://doi.org/10.14713/njs.v7i1.227 This paper analyzes three questions concerning the Royal Artillery at the Battle of Monmouth Courthouse: how many artillery pieces were used during the battle, which units were employed, and what role the Royal Artillery played in relationship to its parent organizations, the British Army and the British Board of Ordnance. Each of these topics have been seldom discussed, especially in connection to the narrative of the Battle of Monmouth. It is hoped that these inquiries can provide some clarity on the Royal Artillery’s part in the battle, and might spark new efforts of research by future scholars of the American Revolutionary War. In examining these points, careful attention was made in discussing the overall structure of the Royal Artillery and offering a comparison/contrast with its opponent: the Continental Artillery. The main primary source consulted in this discussion was the official Papers of Brigadier-General James Pattison, commander of Royal Artillery forces in North America. These research endeavors resulted in a concrete number of guns used during the Monmouth campaign, some strong indications for the particular units employed, as well as some new insights concerning the traditional interpretation of the battle that may require future analysis. Introduction This paper is the second installment of a series discussing the role of the artillery at the American Revolutionary War Battle of Monmouth Courthouse (June 28, 1778), alternatively known as the Battle of Monmouth.