Timeline / 1820 to 1910 / AUSTRIA
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Timeline / 1820 to 1910 / AUSTRIA Date Country Theme 1821 Austria Economy And Trade In Trieste, Josef Ressel equips the steamship Civetta with a ship’s propeller for the first time. 1825 - 1827 Austria Great Inventions Of The 19th Century A railway line opens between Budweis (Bohemia) and Linz (Upper Austria). The rolling stock was not yet steam-operated. 1825 Austria Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Johann Strauss creates his Wiener Walzer Kapelle, an orchestra specialising in the Viennese Waltz. 1827 Austria Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Franz Schubert composes his Winterreise. 1829 Austria Great Inventions Of The 19th Century The Austrian Danube Steamboat Shipping Company is established. 1836 Austria Great Inventions Of The 19th Century A stretch of the Northern Railway between Floridsdorf and Deutsch-Wagram comes into operation using steam-powered locomotives. 1836 Austria Great Inventions Of The 19th Century Austrian Lloyd, the main steamship company on the Mediterranean, with headquarters in Trieste, is established. 1840 - 1841 Austria Political Context Austria cooperates in a settlement to the Turkish–Egyptian crisis of 1840, sending intervention forces to conquer the Ottoman fortresses of Saida (Sidon) and St Jean d’Acre, and concluding with the Dardanelles Treaty signed at the London Straits Convention of 1841. 1842 Austria Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion The Wiener Philharmoniker is founded. It becomes one of the most famous orchestras in the world. 1842 Austria Reforms And Social Changes Child labour under 12 years of age is outlawed in Austria. 1843 Austria Reforms And Social Changes Date Country Theme Gas lighting is installed on the streets of Vienna. 1847 Austria Reforms And Social Changes Foundation of the Academy of Science in Vienna. 1848 - 1849 Austria Political Context Revolution in Austria-Hungary and northern Italy. 1848 Austria Reforms And Social Changes Silesian Deputy Hans Kudlich introduces legislation to abolish the enforced servitude of peasants in the Reichstag. 1849 - 1850 Austria Migrations The revolutionary General Józef Zachariasz Bem flees Austria for the Ottoman Empire along with 6,000 Hungarian soldiers. He becomes a Turkish General and in 1850 suppresses a Muslim pogrom against the Christian minority in Aleppo. 1850 - 1900 Austria Economy And Trade The majority of fezzes worn as modern headgear in the Ottoman Empire during the second half of the 19th century are produced in the Austrian Empire. 1850 Austria Travelling Archduke Maximilian visits Asia Minor and Egypt. 1850 - 1900 Austria Migrations During the second half of the 19th century the mass migration of Czech-speaking farmers to Vienna to work for Viennese industries finally amounts to half the Viennese population. 1852 Austria Reforms And Social Changes Enactment of a code for Craft Guild regulations offers workers some protection in the Austrian monarchy. 1854 Austria Great Inventions Of The 19th Century The Semmering Railway is the first mainline railway to pass through mountainous territory. 1857 Austria Travelling Sidi Muhammad Bey of Tunis presents a pair of pistols to Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. 1858 - 1910 Austria Cities And Urban Spaces Date Country Theme Vienna’s newly constructed Ringstrasse covers an area of approximately 2,400,000m2 (240 hectares). 1858 Austria Economy And Trade A unified silver currency the Guilder (Gulden) is introduced throughout the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. 1859 Austria Political Context Defeat of the Austrians by a French and Sardinian Army at the Battle of Solferino on 24 June sees terrible losses on both sides. 1859 Austria Political Context At the Peace of Zürich (10 November) Austria cedes Lombardy, but not Venetia, to Napoleon III; in turn, Napoleon hands the province over to the Kingdom of Sardinia. 1860 Austria Migrations Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) is born in Moravia; he emigrates from Moravia to Vienna. 1863 Austria Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Bedrich Smetana's (1824–1884) opera Verkaufte Braut (The Bartered Bride) had its first performance in Prague. 1866 Austria Migrations Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen from south-western Germany is elected as Prince of Romania. 1866 Austria Political Context Following defeat at the Battle of Königgrätz (3 October), at the Peace of Vienna, Austria is forced to cede the Venetian province to Italy. 1867 Austria Reforms And Social Changes The Austrian-Hungarian compromise creates a dual-monarchy that has common ministries only for foreign affairs, defence and public finance. 1867 Austria Fine And Applied Arts The Austrian Museum of Applied Arts purchases the minbar from the Ibn Tulun Mosque in Cairo. 1867 Austria Travelling Sultan ‘Abd al-‘Aziz visits Vienna on 18 July. Date Country Theme 1868 Austria Great Inventions Of The 19th Century The railway across the Brenner Pass (via the Alps) opens. 1868 Austria Migrations Michael Latos is born in Croatia (Austrian Empire) in 1828. He later deserts the Austrian army and flees to the Ottoman Empire, where he makes a military career as Omar Pasha and becomes Minister of War in 1868. 1869 Austria Great Inventions Of The 19th Century Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria attends the opening of the Suez Canal on 17 November. 1869 Austria Cities And Urban Spaces Opening of the new State Opera House in Vienna. 1869 Austria Travelling Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria visits Jerusalem. 1872 - 1891 Austria International Exhibitions The Kunsthistorisches Museum (Museum of Fine Arts) in Vienna is built. 1872 Austria Economy And Trade Foundation of the Austrian Agricultural University in Vienna. 1873 Austria International Exhibitions Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria opens the Weltausstellung, Vienna’s World Trade Fair. 1873 Austria International Exhibitions A copy of the decoration from the Tomb of Khnumhotep is exhibited in the Egyptian Pavilion of the World Trade Fair. 1873 Austria International Exhibitions At the World Trade Fair in Vienna, the Austrian Museum of Applied Art purchases a pair of jugs from Tunisia for the museum. 1873 Austria Cities And Urban Spaces Construction of a new water-supply pipeline from the Alps to Vienna. 1873 Austria Rediscovering The Past Date Country Theme The Austrian archaeologist Alexander Conze organizes excavations in Samothrace. 1874 Austria Fine And Applied Arts Kasper von Zumbusch (1830–1915) begins work on a monument to Empress Maria Theresia, situated on Maria-Theresien-Platz at the Ringstrasse in Vienna. 1874 Austria Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Joseph Strauss composes the opera Die Fledermaus. 1875 Austria Reforms And Social Changes Edmund Count Széchényi establishes Turkey’s first fire brigade in Istanbul. 1875 Austria Migrations Gustav Mahler (1860–1911) is born in Kališt# in Bohemia; he emigrates from there to Vienna in 1875. 1877 Austria Fine And Applied Arts The Viennese Stock Market is completed to a design by Theophil Hansen. 1877 Austria Fine And Applied Arts The Austrian glass manufacture Lobmayr produces glass cups in the Oriental Style. 1877 Austria Migrations Karl Krauss (1874–1936) is born in Ji#ín in Bohemia; he emigrates from Bohemia to Vienna in 1877, where his famous journal Die Fackel (The Torch) is published in 1898. 1878 Austria Political Context In June the signatories at the Congress of Berlin grant Austria the right to occupy and fully administer Bosnia and Herzegovina for an undetermined period. 1879 Austria Fine And Applied Arts Hans Makart (1840–84) designs the “Makart Parade” to celebrate the Silver wedding anniversary of the Imperial couple, Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Empress Elisabeth (“Sisi”). 1881 Austria Economy And Trade The Osterreichische-Alpine Montan-Gesellschaft is founded to mine the rich iron resources of north-west Styria. Date Country Theme 1881 Austria Cities And Urban Spaces Designs for a telephone network in Vienna. 1881 Austria Reforms And Social Changes Construction of the telephone network in Vienna. 1881 Austria Political Context The alliance of the three Emperors of Germany, Russia and Austria recognise the Habsburg Empire’s predominance in the western Balkans. In June, Austria reaches an agreement with King Milan I of Serbia, whereby Austria promises to support an eventual Serbian expansion in the south, while Serbia agrees to exclude any agreement with other powers without Austria’s prior approval. 1883 Austria Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion The Czech writer Frank Kafka is born in Prague; he dies in Klosterneuburg, Austria, in 1924. 1883 Austria Political Context In October, the Austrian Emperor Franz Josef concludes a secret alliance with the Hohenzollern King of Romania, Carol I, against Russia. 1888 Austria Cities And Urban Spaces The Burgtheater (National Theatre) moves from its former residence at the Hofburg (Imperial Castle) to purpose-built premises at the Ringstrasse. 1888 Austria Reforms And Social Changes Austria’s Legislation is passed for the mandatory insurance of workers (employees). 1889 Austria Cities And Urban Spaces The Deutsche Volkstheater (German People’s Theatre) opens in Vienna. 1889 Austria Reforms And Social Changes The Social Democratic Party is founded during the Hainfeld Congress. 1891 Austria Fine And Applied Arts The Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna purchases the Karabakh carpet in Istanbul. 1893 Austria Rediscovering The Past The Egyptian authorities give the head of a Sphinx of Sesostris III to the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. Date Country Theme 1895 Austria Rediscovering The Past A statue of an athlete is found in Ephesus, Turkey;