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Jamaica Was Discovered by Columbus in 1494. Spanish Settlers Named the Island Santiago

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Jamaica Was Discovered by Columbus in 1494. Spanish Settlers Named the Island Santiago THE ORDERS AND MEDALS OF JAMAICA By Dragomir Acovic Jamaica was discovered by Columbus in 1494. Spanish settlers named the island Santiago. The native Arawak Indians were exterminated with such fervor that no traces remained--except for the two supporters in the ~amaican Coat of Arms. In 1655 British expeditionary forces under Admiral W. Penn and General R. Venables captured the island and imposed the military rule which was ended six years later, when Lord Windsor introduced new legal system which perpetuated itlelf for the next two centuries and served as constitutional basis of ~amaica. Slave trade and sugar plantations remained basis of the island economy until 1807, when the slave trade was abolished (the Law of Emancipation was to come in force in 1833). By the middle of the century, the abolishment of protective tariff for colonial goods on British market brought economic crisis to the culmi- na tion. In 1865 the Morant Bay Uprising of the negroes, led by Paul Bogle and George William Gordon, resulted in massacre and in abolishment of the Constitution. The Crown Colony Government was proclaimed. New wave of civil and social unrests shook the island in 1920-30, and in 1944 the new Constitution was granted. In 1958 [amaica entered the West India Federation, and in 1962 their Inde- pendence was declared. The British Honours System remained in force until 1968, when the Govern- ment decided to change it for a new national system. A Select Committee of the House of Representatives and the Senate, presided by Rt. Hon. Hugh 8hearer, the Prime Minister, formed the criteria and a draft of the National Honours and Awards Act, which was promulgated in 1969. In the next year, Governor Gen- eral Sir Clifford Campbel made first awards. The honour was first rendered to the Heroes of the Jamaican Freedom. Of the five, only Sir Alexander Bustamante was still living and was able to receive the Order of National Hero in person. The other four were either executed in 1865 (Bogle and Gordon), or either died before the first awards were distributed (Garvey and Manley). The Act No. 21 of 1969 was ammended in 1973 with the institution of the Or- der of the Nation, reserved for the Governors General. The precedence of the Orders and Medals of Jamaica is as follows: i- Order of the National Hero 2- Order of the Nation 3- Order of Merit -4- 4- Order of ~amaica 5- Order of Distinction--Commander Class 6- Order of Distinction--Officer Class 7- Badge of Honour for Gallantry 8- Badge of I-Ionour for Meritorious Service 9- Badge of Honour for Long and Faithful Service I0- Medal of Honour for Gallantry 1 i- Medal of Honour for Meritorious Service 12- Medal of Honour for Long Service and Good Conduct 13- Medal of Honour for Efficient Service THE ICONOGRAPHY OF ORDERS AND MEDALS OF IAMAICA: Heraldic Charges: C oat of Arms- The Coat of Arms of Jamaica was granted in 1661, and is, there- fore, one of the oldest in existence. The actual Coat of Arms is: "Argent, a cross gules charged with five pineapples or Crest: a crocodile on a log, all proper. Mantling: gules and ermine. Supporters: dexter- a V~est Indian native woman holding a bas- ket of fruit, all proper; sinister- a ~Vest Indian man with a bow in his exterior hand, all proper. Motto: OUT OF MANY, ONE PEOPLE. " The motto, which originally read INDUS UTERQUE SERVIET was changed to the present in 1962. Full achievement should be understood to mean that the complete Coat of Arms (shield, helmet, mantling, crest, supporters, motto) has been represented. National Golours- The National Flag of Jamaica, adopted on the 6th of August 1962, consists in a gold saltire between triangular fields of black (at the hoist and the fly) and green (at the top and bottom). The colours are said to represent hope and agriculture (green), heavy past (black) and golden sun (gold). The national colours appear in various combinations in the rib- bons of almost all the orders and all medals of Jamaica. Floral Charges: Pineapple -This charge is closely related to the heraldic achievement of ~amaica. Besides appearances in the shield of the arms, pine- apple charge is to be found between the points of the star of the Order of Nation. Lignum vitae - The blue flower of "lignum vitae" appears in the obverse of the Order of Merit, while both flowers and leaves appear in the ob- verse of the Badge of Honour. Ackee flower- The flower and leaves of ackee (Blighia sapida-Sapindaceae) (fruit of ackee) appear in the obverse of the Order of ~amaica. -5- Laurel/Oak -Standard iconographic charge, without any special meaning and indiscriminately used. While laurel leaves are most often used in military a.wards, oak leaves are generally connected with civilian awards. THE ORDER OF NATIONAL HERO Instituted by the National Honours and Awards Act in 1969 as senior Order of Jamaica. BADGE: Shape- Fourteen pointed star with ball finials; position of the star is secondary (note: primary position with stars is when single points form upper and lower ends of vertical axe- consequently the sec- ondary position is when vertical axis passes between the upper and lower pairs of points). Composition- Silver gilt, white enamelled. Description- Suspension: Silver gilt, green enamelled laurel wreath is posed between the upper pair of points of the star. Medaillon: Black enamelled circular medaillon, charged with the full achievement of the Coat of Arms of ~amaica of gold. Ring Surrounding the Medaillon: Dark green (or black ?) enam- elled, gold edged, inscribed HE BUILT A CITY WHICH HATH FOUNDATIONS in gold. Note: The reverse of the Badge is plain and unenamelled. The name of the recipient should be engraved at the center. RIBBON: Ribbed moire silk in national colours of ~amaica: black-yellow-green (stripes being of equal width). ORGANIZATION: The Order is awarded in one class. The Badge is worn suspended from the cravat. Q UALIFICATIONS FOR THE AWARD: The senior order of Jamaica is awarded extremely sparse for the most extraordi- nary merit for the Nation. The award is usually made either upon the retirement of the prospective recipient from the public life, or posthumuously. In the first four years of existence, it has been awarded five times only (four of that post- humuously): to George W. Gordon (-1865), to Paul Bogle (-1865), to Marcus Garvey (-1940), to NormanW. Manley (-1969) and to Sir Alexander Bustamante. The qualifications for the award and the promotion of the proposal for each candidate are in the discretion of the Advisory Committee. The report is submit- ted to the Prime Minister, and through him, to the Governor General of Jamaica. Each recipient of the Order is entitled to be styled "Right Excellent," and to each a monument is to be erected in the National Heroes Park as well. The Chancellor of the Order is The Governor General. -6- .
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