Studies and Perspectives Series – the Caribbean – No
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ISSN 1728-5445 eclac subregional studies and headquarters SERIES PERSPECTIves for the caribbean A study on the creative industry as a pillar of sustained growth and diversifcation The flm and music sectors in Jamaica: lessons from case studies of successful frms and ventures Michael Hendrickson Sonjah Stanley Niaah 72 A study on the creative industry as a pillar of sustained growth and diversification The film and music sectors in Jamaica: lessons from case studies of successful firms and ventures Michael Hendrickson Sonjah Stanley Niaah This document has been prepared by Michael Hendrickson, Economic Affairs Officer of the Economic Development Unit of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) subregional headquarters for the Caribbean, and Sonjah Stanley Niaah, consultant, with research support provided by Machel Pantin, Economic Affairs Assistant of the Economic Development Unit and Cush Sewell-Lewis, Research Assistant, and Gillian Wilkinson-McDaniel, Senior Director for Entertainment of the Ministry of Culture, Gender, Entertainment and Sport. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization. United Nations publication ISSN: 1728-5445 (electronic version) ISSN: 1727-9917 (print version) LC/TS.2017/159 LC/CAR/TS.2017/20 Distribution: Limited Copyright © United Nations, March 2018. All rights reserved. Printed at United Nations, Santiago S.17-01303 Applications for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Publications and Web Services Division, [email protected]. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and to inform ECLAC of such reproduction. ECLAC – Studies and Perspectives Series – The Caribbean – No. 72 A study on the creative industry as a pillar… Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 9 I. Music and the changing digital landscape ................................................................................. 13 A. Value and composition of the Jamaican music sector ............................................................ 15 B. The music value chain in Jamaica .......................................................................................... 21 C. Methodology and framework for case studies ....................................................................... 23 D. Case studies along the music value chain in Jamaica ............................................................ 24 1. Songwriters and copyrights collection case study .......................................................... 26 E. Digitization, distribution and the changing music studio ....................................................... 26 1. Developing artists within the local music sector- Alpha Boys Institute ....................................................................................................... 28 2. Tuff Gong – a successful studio in a digitized music marketplace ................................ 29 3. Stage shows .................................................................................................................... 30 4. Reggae Sumfest – a stage show case study .................................................................... 34 II. The film industry in Jamaica ...................................................................................................... 39 A. Background ............................................................................................................................ 39 B. The film value chain in Jamaica ............................................................................................. 42 C. Major challenges along the value chain in Jamaica ............................................................... 44 1. Insufficient affordable finance ....................................................................................... 44 2. Challenges in the areas of script writing, distribution and exhibition ................................................................................................................. 44 3. Film production .............................................................................................................. 46 4. Trading arrangements .................................................................................................... 46 5. Local content in media programming ............................................................................ 46 6. Government policy ......................................................................................................... 47 D. Creative industries survey results: film subsector .................................................................. 48 E. Case study one –the UWI Community Film Project .............................................................. 49 3 ECLAC – Studies and Perspectives Series – The Caribbean – No. 72 A study on the creative industry as a pillar… 1. Critical success factors in the UWI Community Film Project ....................................... 52 2. UWI Community Film Project: the way forward ........................................................... 55 F. Case study two – the film “Songs of Redemption” ................................................................ 56 1. Critical success factors ................................................................................................... 56 G. Legends of Ska ....................................................................................................................... 58 H. Prospects for value-added across value chains: film and music-based tourism ................................................................................................ 60 III. Recommendations to facilitate the development of a more successful film and music industry in Jamaica ............................................................................................ 61 A. Strengthen the weakest links in the music and film value chains .......................................... 61 B. Develop a harmonized policy approach towards content requirements ................................. 62 C. Strengthen the other components of the value chain and network ......................................... 63 D. An innovative approach to film financing .............................................................................. 63 E. A distribution model for the digital age ................................................................................. 63 F. Leverage the regional market and international trade agreements ......................................... 64 G. A modern intellectual property regime .................................................................................. 64 H. An up to date creative industries information system ............................................................ 64 I. A youth apprenticeship programme ....................................................................................... 64 J. A comprehensive policy framework ...................................................................................... 65 IV. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 67 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................ 69 Studies and Perspectives Series – The Caribbean: issues published .................................................. 73 Tables Table 1 Jamaica’s trade in creative goods and services ..................................................................... 15 Table 2 Careers in the music industry ................................................................................................ 16 Table 3 Entertainment events 2012-2016 ........................................................................................... 19 Table 4 Capital expenditure and linkages - film ................................................................................. 20 Table 5 Payment of royalties disbursed by JACAP, 2012-2016 ........................................................ 25 Table 6 Number of licences issued at Parish level ............................................................................. 33 Table 7 Number of cohorts trained from different communities ........................................................ 52 Figures Figure 1 How countries around the world fund music – minimum amounts spent by country’s Federal Arts Agency on music-related items ................................................... 12 Figure 2 Smartphone usage for music by service ................................................................................ 14 Figure 3 Percentage of males and females registered with the MCGES e-registry 2015-present .......................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 4 CCIE Government of Jamaica budget expenditure ..............................................................