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Journal of the International Palm Society Vol. 52(1) Mar. 2008 Essential Palm Palms:Essential Palm Palms 1/22/08 11:34 AM Page 1 the INTERNATIONAL PALM SOCIETY, INC

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Palms Journal of the International Palm Society Vol. 52(1) Mar. 2008 Essential palm Palms:Essential palm Palms 1/22/08 11:34 AM Page 1 THE INTERNATIONAL PALM SOCIETY, INC. The International Palm Society Palms (formerly PRINCIPES) Journal of The International Palm Society Founder: Dent Smith An illustrated, peer-reviewed quarterly devoted to The International Palm Society is a nonprofit corporation information about palms and published in March, engaged in the study of palms. The society is inter- June, September and December by The International national in scope with worldwide membership, and the Palm Society, 810 East 10th St., P.O. Box 1897, formation of regional or local chapters affiliated with the Lawrence, Kansas 66044-8897, USA. international society is encouraged. Please address all inquiries regarding membership or information about Editors: John Dransfield, Herbarium, Royal Botanic the society to The International Palm Society Inc., P.O. Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, United Box 1897, Lawrence, Kansas 66044-8897, USA. e-mail Kingdom, e-mail [email protected], tel. 44- [email protected], fax 785-843-1274. 20-8332-5225, Fax 44-20-8332-5278. Scott Zona, Fairchild Tropical Garden, 11935 Old OFFICERS: Cutler Road, Coral Gables, Miami, Florida 33156 President: Paul Craft, 16745 West Epson Drive, USA, e-mail [email protected], tel. 1-305- Loxahatchee, Florida 33470 USA, e-mail 669-4072, Fax 1-305-665-8032. [email protected], tel. 1-561-514-1837. Associate Editor: Natalie Uhl, 228 Plant Science, Vice-Presidents: John DeMott, 18455 SW 264 St, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA, e- Homestead, Florida 33031 USA, e-mail mail [email protected], tel. 1-607-257-0885. [email protected], tel. 1-305-248-5109. Growing Palms Editor: Randal J. Moore, 15615 Bo-Göran Lundkvisti, P.O. Box 2071, Pahoa, Hawaii Boulder Ridge Ln., Poway, California 92064 USA, e- 96778, USA, e-mail [email protected], tel. 1-808- mail [email protected], tel. 1-858-513-4199. 965-0081. Supplement Editor: Jim Cain, 12418 Stafford Corresponding Secretary: Sue Rowlands, 6966 Springs, Houston, Texas 77077 USA, e-mail Hawarden Drive, Riverside, California 92506 USA, e-mail [email protected], tel. 1-281-558-6153. [email protected], tel. 1-951-780-8771. Manuscripts for PALMS, including legends for figures Administrative Secretary: Larry Noblick, and photographs, should be typed double-spaced Montgomery Botanical Center, 11901 Old Cutler Road, and submitted as hard-copy and on a CD (or e- Miami, Florida 33156 USA, e-mail mailed as an attached file) to John Dransfield, [email protected], tel. 1-305-667-3800 Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, ex 104. Surrey, TW9 3AE, United Kingdom. Further Treasurer: Horace O. Hobbs, 7310 Ashburn, Houston, guidelines for authors are available on request from Texas 77061 USA, e-mail [email protected], tel. the Editors. 1-713-890-1186. Annual membership dues of US$35.00 for Individuals Directors: 2006–2010: Elena Beare, Uruguay; Norman and US$45.00 for Families include a subscription to Bezona, Hawaii; Faith Bishock, Florida; Tim Cooke, the Journal. Subscription price is US$40.00 per year California; Larry Davis, Florida; John Dransfield, United to libraries and institutions. Dues include mailing of Kingdom; Ray Hernandez, Florida; Horace Hobbs, Texas; the Journal by airlift service to addresses outside the Don Kurth, California; Bo-Göran Lundkvist, Hawaii; USA. Gerald Martinez, France; Santiago Orts, Spain; Jeanne Change of Address: Send change of address, Price, Australia; Fernando Roca, Peru; Toby Spanner, phone number or e-mail to The International Palm Germany. 2004–2008: Lyle Arnold, California; Bill Baker, Society, P.O. Box 1897, Lawrence, Kansas 66044- Texas; Libby Besse, Florida; Jeff Brusseau, California; Jim 8897, USA, or by e-mail to [email protected] Cain, Texas; Paul Craft, Florida; John DeMott, Florida; Garrin Fullington, Hawaii; Haresh, India; Rolf Kyburz, Claims for Missing Issues: Claims for issues not Australia; Leland Lai, California; Leonel Mera, Dominican received in the USA should be made within three Republic; Larry Noblick, Florida; John Rees, California; months of the mailing date; claims for issues outside (Int’l S&H: $20.00) Sue Rowlands, California; Scott Zona, Florida. the USA should be made within six months of the Betrock’s Essential Guide to Palms —$29.95 ea + $1.80 FL tax + $7.00 S&H in U.S. = $38.75 Make checks payable to Betrock Information Systems, Inc. 7770 Davie Rd. Ext., Hollywood, FL 33024 mailing date. Bookstore: Tim Cooke, PO Box 1911, Fallbrook, CA Phone: 954-981-2821 Fax: 954-981-2823 www.betrock.com or www.hortworld.com 92088-1911 USA, e-mail [email protected] Periodical postage paid at Lawrence, KS, USA. Postmaster: Send address changes to The Chapters: See listing in Roster. Name International Palm Society, P.O. Box 1897, Address Website: www.palms.org Lawrence, Kansas 66044-8897, USA. City State Zip PALMS (ISSN 1523-4495) Phone Cell FRONT COVER Mailed at Lawrence, Kansas Mar. 27, 2008 Visa MasterCard Amex Exp. Date Security Code # of copies © 2008 The International Palm Society The compound terminal inflorescence of Tahina Card# Signature spectabilis, a marvelous new palm from Madagascar. This publication is printed on acid-free paper. See article by J. Dransfield et al., p. 31. Photo by J. Dransfield. PALMS Vol. 52(1) 2008 CONTENTS A Remarkable Ravenea from the Features 11 Montane Forest of Andilamena, Madagascar M. RAKOTOARINIVO News from the World of Palms 4 Gulf Stream Coconuts. The Growing Palms 5 17 Harries-Baker Test for Discrimi- nation between Flotsam/Jetsam Palm Literature 18, 22, and Natural Dissemination 30, 40 G.C. CADÉE Classifieds 17 Doum Palm Habit and Leaf Advertisements 29, 40 23 Collecting Practices in Niger F. K AHN & A. LUXEREAU Tahina – A New Palm Genus from 31 Madagascar J. DRANSFIELD, B. LEROY, X. METZ & M. RAKOTOARINIVO The Palms of Hainan 41 A. HENDERSON & L. GUO Indigenous Management 46 Practices of Chit (Thrinax radiata) in Quintana Roo, Mexico M.L.. CALVO-IBRIÉN & A. SOBERANIS BACK COVER The colorful flowers of Female plant of Ravenea delicatula with solitary inflorescence. See article Chuniopheonix hainanensis, by M. Rakotoarinivo, p. 11. Photo by M. Rakotoarinivo. endemic to Hianan. See article by Henderson & Guo, page 41. 3 PALMS Vol. 52(1) 2008 NEWS FROM THE WORLD OF PALMS In this issue we bring news of a new genus, establishes colonies on the undersides of Tahina, with the single species Tahina leaves, usually along the midrib…. Feeding spectabilis, which was discovered in north- mites, especially at high mite densities, cause western Madagascar. First brought to the localized yellowing of the leaves followed by attention of palm enthusiasts on PalmTalk, the tissue necrosis [tissue death]…. In heavy interactive bulletin board of our society, the infestations, the green leaves turn from a palm was officially described and named in bright green to a pale green, then yellow and the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society finally a copper-brown.” The pest alert notes in January 2008. Thereafter there was frenzied that symptoms caused by a heavy infestation media attention with published stories of the red palm mite could be confused with sometimes becoming more and more nutritional deficiencies, so growers are advised implausible. In the article we publish in this to examine chlorotic palms carefully for signs issue, we provide accurate information on the of the mite. Colonies of the mite on the discovery and a description of this spectacular undersides of leaves are visible to the naked new palm. Tahina was described and named eye, but a magnifying glass or microscope will just in time for inclusion in the new edition aid in determination. The colonies are of Genera Palmarum that is in press, with a composed of bright red females, smaller red projected publication date of sometime this males, eggs and the detritus of shed coming summer. Interestingly enough, exoskeletons. Control of the red palm mite in another new genus is on the horizon and will landscape palms will be difficult, owing to the be described very soon. Its discovery comes large size of most palms; however, natural not from field work in a far-away country, but predators and integrated pest management from laboratory work with DNA sequences. practices are expected to give some control. News of its naming will appear on this page Another threat to palms, fusarium decline, has in a future issue. hit Washingtonia and Syagrus palms in southern Palm growers in South Florida are facing a new Florida. Symptoms begin as a die-off of lower and worrisome threat: the red palm mite, leaves and gradually spread throuhout the Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), a crown. Leaves remain on the palm and do not mite from the Eastern Hemisphere that became droop or break. Infected palms die quickly, established in the West Indies in 2004. It and there is no cure. Diseased palms should be reached Florida in late 2007, and its spread removed and destroyed. and establishment in the American tropics In May we gather in Costa Rica for the Society’s seem inevitable. It is a serious pest of coconut Biennial meeting. The event will combine field and date palms, but it also attacks heliconias, visits and evening lectures as well as the gingers, bananas, birds-of-paradise and Directors’ business meetings. The Biennial pandanus. It is expected to attack a wide range promises to be exciting, with visits to some of ornamental palms as well. Florida’s Division very special places, where we expect to see of Plant Industry released a pest alert in which some wonderful palms. the symptoms of red palm mite damage on coconut were described: “The red palm mite THE EDITORS 4 PALMS Vol.
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  • Low-Maintenance Landscape Plants for South Florida1

    Low-Maintenance Landscape Plants for South Florida1

    ENH854 Low-Maintenance Landscape Plants for South Florida1 Jody Haynes, John McLaughlin, Laura Vasquez, Adrian Hunsberger2 Introduction regular watering, pruning, or spraying—to remain healthy and to maintain an acceptable aesthetic This publication was developed in response to quality. A low-maintenance plant has low fertilizer requests from participants in the Florida Yards & requirements and few pest and disease problems. In Neighborhoods (FYN) program in Miami-Dade addition, low-maintenance plants suitable for south County for a list of recommended landscape plants Florida must also be adapted to—or at least suitable for south Florida. The resulting list includes tolerate—our poor, alkaline, sand- or limestone-based over 350 low-maintenance plants. The following soils. information is included for each species: common name, scientific name, maximum size, growth rate An additional criterion for the plants on this list (vines only), light preference, salt tolerance, and was that they are not listed as being invasive by the other useful characteristics. Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC, 2001), or restricted by any federal, state, or local laws Criteria (Burks, 2000). Miami-Dade County does have restrictions for planting certain species within 500 This section will describe the criteria by which feet of native habitats they are known to invade plants were selected. It is important to note, first, that (Miami-Dade County, 2001); caution statements are even the most drought-tolerant plants require provided for these species. watering during the establishment period. Although this period varies among species and site conditions, Both native and non-native species are included some general rules for container-grown plants have herein, with native plants denoted by †.