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Tiruolu F-Neiln ,Z.H\\ Tiruolu F-nEILn ,Z.H\\ lr P Tuualu Nati onal Environmentol Monagement Stro tegy USF Library Oataloguing-in-Publieation data: Trl'ralu: National Environmental Man4gement Strategv, [A.pia, Samoa: SPREP], 1.99? xxii.80p, : ?9cm, FProduced wlth finarrcial rusiinncefrom the United Nations, Dcvelopr,rrent Programme (UNDP) and the Australian Agency for International Development (AusA[D)', ISBN 98iZ-.04J095-3 | . Environrnental Policy-Ttrralu 2. Enrdrsnmental Fr'stection-Tuv.alu 3- Conservation of Natural Resources-Tuvalu I. South Pacific Regional Environment Frogmnme HC79.E5D72 333.716099632 Frepared for publication by the Sou0r Pacifts Regional Ertvironnrent Programme, Apia, Samoa, 1995 @ South Facific Regional Environruent Progmrnrne, 1997 The South Paciftc Regioual Environment Programrne allthorises the reproduction of texttlal r'naterial, wfiole,or part, in 4ny fotm, provided appropriate acknowlcdgement is given. Coordinating editor Sireanne Grano Etlir,ors Roslyn Sharp and Barbam lXenson Design aud producti,on Peter Evans Arnvork for symbots Ca&e,rine Appleton Photography Alefaio Serlese andJohn [.ane Cover design by Peter Evans based on an original design by Catherine Appleton M4ps supplic.d by MAPgraphics Brisbane. Anetratia Typeset in New Baskerville and GiIl Sans Priated on ll0grm Tudor RP. (I00% reqycled) by AB€ Prinfngn Brisbane, Australia llhistrative material eannot be reproduced without permission of the photographer or artisr Producedvfiih Enarcial ecrtisuintce ftom the Udted Nations Devolopment Programme (UNDP) and the fug+tiaq.{'gensy for hternational Dwelspment 0fudlXD) Aouu photograph: Mdin strzeL Fwrafuti. (plwn @lohn l;we) TUu&lu No tional Environmentol Menogement St rotegy Produced wlth finonciof ossistonce from the United Notions Development Progromme (UNDp) ond the Austrolian Agency for lnternotional Development (AusAlD) +6bt?.:=of 'SbrE E",{r.I{rP 1" '\rHaprll I :Northem Mirtanas f' Guam,' federet.d StauF ':.: F CtrC ' ' of-Mlc'r6-nesb :ll Pelau ocEt^, Nanumaga Nui Niutao Nruti;r. Scah h1ls.000,p0 ;Jgr..r.o", Zcarrnd ?--!gPjry* ,'^,, " Niutao r--;-- 0 l000mIac ronga f " ] lagootr g Kulia r.:-i \",, Nanumaga r"p"Ft\ - _lH'Forr"i Fanutapu Niutao Nanumaga, " oNui PACIFIC q Vaitupu OCEAN Nukufetau i7 f Funafuti 4t X S."1" l:10.000.000 4 Nukulaelae r 0-_ 100 200 km o I E 0 100 miles '|-l I \ Funafula ; ) f, sr"r:2eo.ooo E-=:-ru q 0 5 miles i'r.R / )lafiap /r Niulakita Nukulaelae ./ .,"aRi ngoon ,/ \)rMotuloa ,y'Vasamotu Lafaga Fangatra-' 'l (f"ng"r. \ -savave I Niulakita rate Q$Nukureuu @- / Niulakita loSoon Moturnuab jv"r.-oau \ ,{ , )\, 1\ ?;. ll t.r ,!9 tv Foreword Tirvaln's environmental concems:u'e typical of rnost management approaches, strategies and pro- small Pacific Island countries. Clobal rvarmitrg and grammes in many different areas of the enliron- sealevel rise, population glorvth and distribuliorr lnent, which can serve as initiatives and gtridelines ilncl resource over-exploitation are.iust a few <lf such in the delelopment of appropriate and souncl en- concenls. Dealing with these issues will present a vironmental policy. The aim of the NEMS is to assist substantial challenge for the people and gr:vern- Tuvalu in its efforts to achieve sustainable develop- ment of Tuvaltr. ment. As Tuvalu's poprrlation continues to groni in- The NENTS and Tuvalu State of the Environ- creased pressue is put on our lirnited natural re- ment Report (SOE) could not har''e been formtr- sources ancl on our environment. \te know that our latecl without the financial support of the United resorlrces are lirnited and we accept that there arc Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and no 'quick fix' solutions. We believe that it is now the Ar,rsualian Agency for International Develop- time to deal with orlr currellt problems and make rnent (AnsAID). The in-country pr()cess of the Tn- plans frrr [omorrow. valu NEMS was assistecl by the South Pacific Tuvalu nrust take real and concrete steps to Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). The erlsrlre that it cau sLlpport its population norv and Governnrent of Tuvaltr extends its sincere thanks to in the future. This will involve the integration of these organisations Ibr their assistance. Tuvalu's development aspirations with consena- The liamework fbr achieving sustainable devel- tiotr and resorrrce managernent principles, to en- opnrent has been set in strategies and programnres. srrre thatTtrvalu can accornmodate the needs of our The real task ahead, howerer. is the implenret)ta- growing populatior-r. rvhilst tror comprornising the tion of tlrese strategies. We realise the diffictrlties in needs and aspirations of our children, and their implementation and welcome the support and as- childre n in time to conle. In orde r for us to realise sistance of our generous donors and development this goal, the principle of susrainable development Ilartners in otrr efforts to s:rfeguard our environ- must be embmcecl and observed at every level, nrent and our future. from government departments to commuuities and individr"rals, This entails a fturdamental change Tutmlu rno le Atua. in the way we look at the environntent, and in the focus of our priorities. The National Environmental Management Ou;"U 1.1"^^t Strategy (NEIvlS) fbr Tuvalu presenrs a long-rerm approach to dealing with areas of enviroulnental Honourable Otinielu Tauteleinralae Tar.rsi concern in our coulttln. The NEMS consists of' M i n i s t n' for N atural Re s ourr e s an d E nu ironmen I Contents Map of Tuvolu iv Foreword v Acknowledgements xi Messoge from UNDP xtl /Hessoge from SPREP xiii Acronyms xiv Glossary xrt Executive summory xvlll Port I TheTuvolu setting I I About the NE/VIS 2 1.1 Why a National Environmental Management Strategy? 1.2 World Conservation Strategy J 1.3 Scope of the NEMS 4 2 TheTuvalusetting 5 2.1 Size and location 5 2.2 Climate 6 2.3 Land and coastal resources 6 2.3.1 Soils 6 2.3.2 Earth and mineral resources 2.3.3 Land plants 7 2.3.4 Land animals and birds 8 2.3.5 Coastal environrnent 8 2.4 Marine environment 10 2.4.1 Importance to Tuvaluans I0 2.4.2 State of fish stocks 10 2.4.3 Other marine issues 11 2.4.4 Pelagic resources 1I 2.5 Population I I vi Contents 2.6 Economic framework lz 2.6.1 Stnrcture of'the economy I2 2.6.2 Ecouomic clevclnpmenr programm e I j 2.7 Government administlation Il 2.7.1 Structure of government I4 2.7.2 Key public agencies i j 3 Major environmental concems Ig 3.1 lntroducrion /d 3.2 Global warnring and sealevel rise lB 3.3 Popul:rtion growrh, densities and distribution Ig 3.4 Deficiencies in enl"ironmental edtrcation and public awarelless 20 3.5 Decline ol'traditi<lnal resource nranagernent practices and production systems Zl 3.6 Unsrutainablc rme of natural resources 2I 3.6.1 Terrestrial resources 2l 3.6.2 Marine l-csorlrces 2i 3.7 Whste management and pollution control 2J 3.7.1 Water and sanitation Zj 3.7.2 Solid waste and chenrical disposal 24 3.7.3 Otherpollr.rtion conc:erns 26 3.7 .4 Energy dependenc e 26 4 Institutionol issues for resource management ond environmentol protection 2l 4.1 Legislarion 27 4.2 Policy and instirutional mcasures 2Z 4.2.1 Backgrnund ZT 4.2.2 Ohanges in government approach 27 +.2.3 Constraints ro change 28 +.2.1 Large-scale projects 2t 4.2.5 Curnulative small-scale development 28 4.2.6 Policy tools 29 Part 2 Environmento, strotegies ond progrommes 3t 5 lntegrating envinonmentalconsiderdtions into econornic development 33 5.1 Introducti<t n 3J 5.2 Adopt.an inregrated approach ro environmentalpolicy and planning i4 Progrnm.me 5.2. I Rniau an,d rccornrnend apprr.rpriate mantlates, policies an,d in,stittttional arrangenrcnts for public institutions J4 Progra,mme 5.2.2 Rniart and upgrad.e the capacitl oJ'the Danlopment Coor d,inating Comm,ittee (DCe and the blnuironment Unit J4 vil Contents 5.3 Subrnit proposed policies, development programmes and projects to Environmental Impact Assessment (ElA) 35 Programme 5.3. I De,uelopment and applicalion. oJ'standard EIA guidelines 35 5.4 Introduce a comprehensive framework of national and local environmental lalv, together with means for enforcement which are socially acceptable and culturally sensitive J5 Prog'amne 5.4.1 Tbclmical assistancefor drafing an umbv'ella national Enaironment Acl 36 Prograrnme 5.4.2 Rninu the rolc of local gouanrmen,t in etntironmental man a,gemmt and inu estigate options Jbr othn technical assistance 36 5.5 Review adequacy of institutional mechanisms and administrative controls and strengthen as necessary J6 5.6 Institute resource pricing in national accoullts and other econornic policy for achieving sustainability 37 5 lmproving envinonmentol oworeness ond educotion 38 6.1 Introduction 38 6.2 Review and upgrade [he status of euvironmental edrtcation 39 Programme 6.2.1 Curriculum tlarcbpment in muironmmtal d.ucation for Primmj" secondary and ttrtiam systems 39 Programme 6.2.2 In-smtice trainingumkshops for teachns 39 6.3 Build local government capacity 40 fuogramme 6.3.I Establishment of a focal point for enaironmental education and infot'mation 40 Prag'amrne 6. j.2 Enaironmm,tal au&reness trainingfor goa mt men t extension off,crs, planncrs and enforcement fficers 41 6.4 Build community awareness 4I Programne 6,4. I Enaironmental atuareness programmes and workshops 4l Programme 5.4.2 Dnelopmmt of muironmrntalfact sheets, educational resmrrus and dsual aids 42 Programme 6.4.3 'hain:ing worluhops for NGOs inctuding churches and, communiQ groups 42 b.5 Preserve and apply traditional knowledge and management systems 42 Programme 6.5.1 Documsntation and, integration of traditional knowledge and managernent systems into education programmes 42 vill ContenB 7 Populotion policy, bolonced development ond planned urbanisation 43 7.1 Introductiou 4J 7.2 Family planning 43 Prograrnme 7.2.1 Population worhshops 43 Programme 7.2.2 Improuc lhe institutional capadty af gounnrnenl and comrnu,nity groups lo impltwmt a popu.lation policl 43 Prograrnme 7.2.3 Integtate popukttiorz issues into el fr"ctiue enaironmenlal ltlann ing and rnanagemenl 44 7.3 Controlling in-migration 44 7.4 Land-rne and deve lopment plannirrg 44 Pragrarnme 7.4.1 Lnnd,qtse arzd.
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