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Giuochi Di Olimpia Elenchi Degli Olimpionici www.Sportolimpico.it GIUOCHI DI OLIMPIA ELENCHI DEGLI OLIMPIONICI [776 a.C. – 393 d.C.] OLIMPIADE 1 ANNO VINCITORI CITTA GARA 1 776 a.C. 2 Koroibos, di Elide 3 Stadio 2 772 a.C. Anthimacos, di Dispontio Stadio 3 768 a.C. Androklos, di Messene Stadio 4 764 a.C. Polychares, di Messene Stadio 5 760 a.C. Aischines, di Elide Stadio 6 756 a.C. Oibotas, di Dime Stadio 7 752 a.C. 4 Daikles 5, di Messene Stadio 8 748 a.C. 6 Antikles, di Messene Stadio 9 744 a.C. Xenodokos 7, di Messene Stadio 10 740 a.C. Dotades, di Messene Stadio 11 736 a.C. Leochares, di Messene Stadio 12 732 a.C. Oxytemis, di Cleone Stadio 13 728 a.C. Diokles, di Corinto Stadio 14 724 a.C. Dasmon, di Corinto Stadio Hypenos, di Pisa Diaulo 8 15 720 a.C. 9 Orrhippos, di Megara Stadio Akanthos 10 , di Sparta Dolico 16 716 a.C. Pythagoras, di Sparta Stadio 17 712 a.C. 11 Polos, di Epidauro 12 Stadio 18 708 a.C. 13 Tellis, di Sicione Stadio Eurybatos, di Sparta Lotta Lampis, di Sparta Pentathlon 19 704 a.C. Menos di Megara Stadio 20 700 a.C. Atheradas, di Sparta Stadio 21 696 a.C. Pantakles 14 , di Atene Stadio 22 692 a.C. Pantakles, di Atene Stadio Pantakles, di Atene Diaulo 23 688 a.C. 15 Ikaros, di Iperesia Stadio Onomastos 16 , di Smirne Pugilato 24 684 a.C. Kleoptolemos, di Sparta Stadio Phanas, di Messena Dolico 25 680 a.C. 17 Thalpis, di Sparta Stadio Pagondas 18 , di Tebe Quadriga 19 1 Secondo una teoria proposta da R.Sealey [ The Olympic festival of 324 B.C. , 1960], e generalmente accettata, “le festività olimpiche andavano dalla luna piena di luglio a quella di agosto”. Di diverso parere A.J.Sacks [1976] il quale “sostiene che non vi era una regolarità assoluta nel calcolo del ciclo olimpico, per cui si sente disposto a porre soltanto i termini di fine luglio, come inizio, e di fine settembre, come conclusione”. Cfr. A.B. Bosworth: Alessandro Magno, l’uomo e il suo impero , 1988. 2 Inizio della cronologia secondo le Olimpiadi. In base alla comune tradizione Koroibos (Coroebus secondo la grafia latina) era un giovane che faceva il cuoco. 3 In questo caso ci si riferisce al territorio di provenienza, sito nel Peloponneso, in quanto la città che ne prese il nome sorse soltanto intorno al 471 a.C. La regione era celebre per l’allevamento dei cavalli. Le vicende storiche del territorio sono strettamente collegate allo sviluppo dei Giochi di Olimpia cui, sin dall’origine, fornì i giudici delle gare, per questo detti Ellanoidici. 4 Con questa edizione ha inizio l’abitudine di premiare il vincitore con una corona di olivastro intrecciato. Il tema sarà ripreso in occasione dei Giochi Olimpici del 2004 che trasferirono – infelicemente – alcune gare proprio ad Olimpia. 5 Secondo quando riferisce Pindaro [ Olimpica VII, 752 ] fu il primo olimpionico a venire coronato di olivo selvatico (olivastro). 6 Giuochi organizzati dai Pisati e, pertanto, non ritenuti validi dagli Elei. 7 Altra versione: Xenokles. 8 Per la prima volta viene introdotta la corsa del Doppio stadio, pari a una distanza di circa 384 metri. 9 Per la prima volta gli atleti gareggiano nudi. Viene introdotta la gara della corsa lunga o Dolico. 10 Si tratta del primo spartano ad aver vinto ad Olimpia. 11 Sino a questa Olimpiade si sono disputate solo gare di corsa (Stadio, Diaulo e Dolico). 12 Città dell’Argolide, situata sul golfo di Saronico. Sede del celebre santuario di Asclepio (VI secolo a.C.). 13 Per la prima volta vengono disputate gare di Lotta e di Pentathlon. 14 Si tratta del primo ateniese ad essere stato incoronato ad Olimpia. 15 Vengono introdotti i combattimenti e gli incontri di pugilato. 16 La tradizione vuole che fosse stato proprio Onomastos, prima dell’inizio del torneo di pugilato, a dettare le regole dei combattimenti. 17 Due cittadini di Elide assumono la direzione dei Giuochi. 26 676 a.C. Kallisthenes, di Sparta Stadio Philombrotos, di Sparta Pentathlon 27 672 a.C. Eurybates, di Atene Stadio Philombrotos, di Sparta Pentathlon Daippos 20 , di Crotone Pugilato Cittadini elei, di Dispontio Quadriga 21 28 668 a.C. Charmis 22 , di Sparta Stadio Philombrotos, di Sparta Pentathlon 29 664 a.C. Chionis, di Sparta Stadio Chionis, di Sparta Diaulo 30 660 a.C. Chionis, di Sparta Stadio Chionis, di Sparta Diaulo 31 656 a.C. Chionis, di Sparta Stadio Chionis, di Sparta Diaulo 32 652 a.C. Kratinos, di Megara Stadio Komaios, di Megara Pugilato 33 648 a.C. 23 Gylis, di Sparta Stadio Lygdamis, di Siracusa Pancrazio Myron, di Sicione Quadriga Krauxidas 24 , di Crannon Corsa con i cavalli 25 34 644 a.C. 26 Stomas, di Atene Stadio 35 640 a.C. Sphairos, di ? Stadio Kylon, di Atene Diaulo 36 636 a.C. Arytamas, di Sparta Stadio Phrynon, di Atene Pancrazio [?] 37 632 a.C. 27 Eurykleidas, di Sparta Stadio Polyneikes, di Elide Stadio [dei ragazzi 28 ] Hipposthenes, di Sparta Lotta [dei ragazzi] 38 628 a.C. 29 Olyntheus, di Sparta Stadio Eutelidas, di Sparta Pentathlon [dei ragazzi] 30 39 624 a.C. Rhipsolaos, di Sparta Stadio Hipposthenes, di Sparta Lotta 40 620 a.C. Olyntheus, di Sparta Stadio Hipposthenes, di Sparta Lotta 41 616 a.C. 31 Kleondas, di Tebe Stadio Hipposthenes, di Sparta Lotta Philytas, di Sibari Pugilato [dei ragazzi] 42 612 a.C. Lykotas, di Sparta Stadio Hipposthenes, di Sparta Lotta 43 608 a.C. Kleon, di Epidauro Stadio Hipposthenes, di Sparta Lotta 44 604 a.C. Gelon, di Sparta Stadio Hetoimokles 32 , di Sparta Lotta [dei ragazzi] 45 600 a.C. Antikrates, di Epidauro Stadio Hetoimokles, di Sparta Lotta 46 596 a.C. Chrysamaxos, di Sparta Stadio Polymestor 33 , di Mileto Stadio [dei ragazzi] Hetoimokles, di Sparta Lotta 47 592 a.C. 34 Eurykles, di Sparta Stadio 18 Altra fonte: Pagon. 19 Vengono introdotte le corse con i carri. 20 Primo vincitore proveniente della città di Crotone. 21 Per la prima volta viene attribuita la vittoria per una gara ippica collettiva, in questo caso appannaggio della cittadinanza di Elei. 22 Si tratta del primo atleta che adottò un regime dietetico razionale, a base di fichi secchi e cacio, per prepararsi alle gare, prima che Pitagora propugnasse l’alimentazione a base di carne. Pausania, errando, attribuisce la vittoria a Chionis. 23 Per la prima volta si disputano gare di Pancrazio e di Corsa con cavalli adulti. 24 Altra versione del nome: Kraxilas. 25 I cavalli venivano montati “a pelo”, senza l’ausilio di sella e staffe. 26 Giuochi indetti dai Pisati e, pertanto, non ritenuti validi dagli Elei. 27 Per la prima volta vengono disputate gare di Corsa e di Lotta riservate ai ragazzi. 28 Nell’antica Grecia si veniva considerati ragazzi (adolescenti) dopo i 12 e fino al compimento dei 18 anni. 29 Per la prima volta vengono disputate gare di Pentathlon riservate ai ragazzi. Non si ha notizia che questo sia avvenuto in successive edizioni. 30 Per quanto ne sappiamo, questa gara venne disputata solo una volta. 31 Per la prima volta si svolgono competizioni di Pugilato riservate ai ragazzi. 32 Hetoimokles era figlio di Hipposthenes di Sparta. Padre e figlio dominarono per 36 anni il torneo olimpico di lotta. 33 È riferito che la velocità di Polymestor fosse così grande che un giorno, mentre pascolava le capre, inseguisse una lepre catturandola con le sole mani. 34 Nel quarto anno di questa Olimpiade (589 a.C.) hanno inizio i Giuochi Istmici. Alkmaion, di Atene Quadriga Hetoimokles, di Sparta Lotta 48 588 a.C. 35 Glaukias, di Crotone Stadio Hetoimokles, di Sparta Lotta Pythagoras 36 , di Samo Pugilato (…) Lenaios, di ? ? [gara sconosciuta] 49 584 a.C. Lykinos, di Crotone Stadio 50 580 a.C. Epitelidas, di Sparta Stadio 51 576 a.C. Eratosthenes, di Crotone Stadio 52 572 a.C. 37 Agis, di Elide Stadio Tisandros, di Nasso Pugilato Arrhichion, di Figalia Pancrazio Kleisthenes, di Sicione Quadriga 53 568 a.C. 38 Hagnon, di Pepareto Stadio Tisandros, di Nasso Pugilato Arrhichion, di Figalia Pancrazio 54 564 a.C. Hippostratos, di Crotone Stadio Tisandros, di Nasso Pugilato Arrhichion 39 , di Figalia Pancrazio Kallias I 40 , di Atene Corsa con i cavalli 55 560 a.C 41 . Hippostratos, di Crotone Stadio Tisandros, di Nasso Pugilato Miltiades 42 , di Atene Quadriga 56 556 a.C. Phaidros, di Farsalo Stadio 57 552 a.C. Ladromos, di Sparta Stadio 58 548 a.C. 43 Diognetos, di Crotone Stadio Euagoras, di Sparta Quadriga 59 544 a,C. Archilochos, di Corcira Stadio Praxidamas 44 , di Egina Pugilato Euagoras, di Sparta Quadriga 60 540 a.C. Apellaios, di Elide Stadio Milone 45 , di Crotone Lotta [dei ragazzi] (Leo)kreon, di Ceo Pugilato [dei ragazzi] Euagoras, di Sparta Quadriga 61 536 a.C. Agatharchos, di Corcira Stadio Rhexibios, di Opunte Pancrazio Kimon 46 , di Atene Quadriga 62 532 a.C. Eryxias, di Calcide Stadio Milone, di Crotone Lotta Eurymenes 47 , di Samo Pancrazio [?] Peisistrato 48 , di Atene Quadriga 63 528 a.C. Parmenides, di Camarina Stadio Milone, di Crotone Lotta Kimon, di Atene Quadriga 64 524 a.C. Menandros, di Tessaglia Stadio 35 Nel terzo anno di questa Olimpiade (586 a.C.) hanno inizio i Giuochi Pitici. Dedicati al dio Apollo, si celebravano a Delfi ogni quattro anni. Fulcro delle feste era il “nomo pitico”, componimento musicale che rappresentava la lotta tra Apollo e Pitone. 36 Pythagoras aveva intenzione di gareggiare nella categoria dei ragazzi. Ma gli Ellenodici, ritenendolo già adulto, lo obbligarono a misurarsi con i maggiori d’età.
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