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dega-index-1001-1010-hr 1/17/07 12:24 PM Page 1001

INDEX

3-2-1 location principle, 680 Apron, 607, 609 Blank holder force, 441 3-jaw Jacobs , 643 Arall, 183 Blanking, 423, 425, 812, 820 3-phase equilibrium, 77 Aramvid, 185 Blast cleaning, 940 5-axis center, 723 Arc , 865 Blending, 461, 464 Ablation, 516 Arc furnace, 326 Blind , 274 Abrasion, 370, 561 Arc power sources, 864 Blind riveting, 415 jet machining, (AJM), 787 , 849 Blocking, 392 Abrasive machine, 524 Arc-welding designation, 852 Bloom, 382 processes, 757 Arithmetic roughness average, 934 Blow , 336, 348 Abrasive machining, 17, 756, 765 Artificial gas atmosphere, 113 Blowout, 405 Abrasive media, 942 Aspect ratio, 186 BMC (bulk-molding compound), 354 Abrasive waterjet cutting, (AWC), 784 Assembly , 695 Body centered cubic, 60 , 757 Assembly line(s), 13 Bolster plate, 426 Absolute address system, 715 Assembly yield, 496 Bond, 287 Accuracy, 219, 677, 970 Assembly, 343 Borazon, (CBN), 758 Acetylene, 842 Atomic bonding, 57 Trepanning Association, (BTA), , 636 Acid pickling, 948 Atomic number, 57 Boring, 528, 599, 602 Acoustic emission monitoring, 255 Atomic structure, 57 Bottom tap, 798 Acoustic holography, 257 Atomization, 461 Bottoming , 434 Acrylic enamel, 948 Attribute, 214 Boule, 493 Acrylics, 916 Attrition, 758 Box furnace, 112 Addendum, 809 Ausforming, 109 Box jig, 686 Adhesion, 370 Austemper, 108 Braiding, 358 Adhesive bonding, 19, 352, 915 Austempered ductile iron, 85 Braising, 19 Adhesive joining design, 920 Austenite, 80, 81, 90 Brass, 141, 283 Adhesives, 171, 347, 915, 920 Austinetic stainless , 133 Braze welding, 909 Adjustable , 653 Autocatalytic , 956 Brazed joint design, 903 Advanced fiber-reinforced composites, 186 Autogenous weld, 893 materials, 904 Advanced high-strength steel, 129 Automated guided vehicle, (AGV), 20, 708 Brazing methods, 906 AFS, (American Foundry Society), 288 Automatic hot , 397 Brazing, 836, 901, 929 Age hardening, 93, 101 Automatic spraying, 949 Breaking strength, 33 Aging, 94, 96 Automatic storage and retrieval system, (AS/RS), 20 Brine, 105 Air-bend die, 434 Automatically programmed , (APT), 707 Brinell hardness test, 37 Air-hardening steel, 135 Automation, 20, 702 Brittle fracture, 582 Airless spray painting, 949 Autoquenching, 110 Brittleness, 33 Air-set molding, 295 Babbitt, 159 , 17, 524, 531, 736, 815 AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute), 125 Back rake angle, 539, 577 Bronze, 142, 283 AISI-SAE identification system, 125 Backlash, 980 Buffing, 945 AISI-SAE standard steel designations, 126 Backward impact , 410 Built-up edge, (BUE), 542, 557, 572, 606 Alclad, 148 Bainite, 98 Bulging, 443 Alkaline cleaning, 946 Bake hardenable steel, 129 Bulk flow, 363 Alkyds, 948 Ball grid array, 498 Bulk processes, 381 Allotropic, 60 Ball lead , 716 Bulk-molding compound, (BMC), 354 Allowance, 220 Band-filing machine, 752 Bull wheel, 732 steel, 124, 125 , 744, 748 Burn-end yield, 496 Alloys, 68, 139 Bar , 407 Burnishing, 416 Alpha brass, 142 Bar folder, 431 Burn-off operation, 468 Alpha-ferrite, 80 Barrel burnishing, 942 , 959 Alternating current, (AC), 850 Barrel finishing, 941 Butt lead, 498

Alumina, (Al2O3), 178, 181, 757, 943 Barrel tumbling, 941 Butt weld, 834 Aluminum alloys, 283 COPYRIGHTEDBase circle, 809 MATERIALButt-joint clearance, 902 Aluminum alloys, 150 Base, 645 Butt-, 903 Aluminum casting alloys, table, 151 Basic inspection methods, 227 Butt-welded pipe, 451 Aluminum extrusion, 146 Batch furnace, 112 CAD/CAM, 7 Aluminum foam, 152 welds, 829 Calendar, 347 Aluminum lithium alloys, 150 Bed, 607 Calendaring, 342

Aluminum oxide, (Al2O3) 572, 759 Bed-type machine, 671 Cam driven press, 452 Aluminum, 144, 313 Bell furnace, 112 Candela, 214 Aluminum-bronze alloy, 144 Belt sanding, 945 Canned machining routine, 717 Aluminum-silican alloys, 905 Bench type , 610 Canning, 470 American Welding Society, (AWS), 828 Bending blank size, 433 Capillary action, 353 Amorphous metal, 463 Bending operations, 422 Carbide insert , 569 Amorphous structure, 59, 177 Bending, 363, 392, 430 Carbides, 568 Ampere, 214 , 159 Carbon equivalent, 82, 84 Anaerobics, 916 gear, 812 Carbon-carbon composites, 188 Andon, 991 Bevel protractor, 230, 241 Carbonitriding, 111 Anisotropic property, 66 Bickford drill, 633 Car-bottom box furnace, 112 Anisotropy, 376 Bilateral tolerance, 222 Carburizing flame, 844 Annealing, 90, 376 Billet, 382, 401 Carburizing, 111 , 955 Bismuth, 144 Carriage, 607, 609 Antioxidants, 170 Blackening, 953 Cartridge brass, 142 Apparent density, 463 Blank coating, 959 Cast cobalt alloys, 567 1001 dega-index-1001-1010-hr 1/17/07 12:24 PM Page 1002

1002 Index

Cast iron properties, 86 Clay materials, 178 Computer integrated manufacturing, CIM, 23 Cast iron, 80, 82, 136 Clay, 348 Computer , (CNC), 702, 847 Cast steel, 136 Clean room, 496 Computer tomography, 256 Cast-in inserts, 319 Cleaning , 329 Conceptual-design, 199 Casting cleaning, 264 Cleaning, 310, 485 Condensation polerymerization, 164 Casting costs, 330 Clearance fit, 220 Condensation , 504 Casting finishing, 264 Clinching, 501 Conductive adhesives, 919 Casting inspection, 264 Closed-cell foam plastic, 341 Cone angle, 632 Casting processes compared, 331 Closed-die forging, 391 Cone , 621 Casting processes, 262 CMC (ceramic-matrix composites), 188 Conform process, 406 Casting properties, 268 CNC gear inspection machine, 823 Conicity, 241 Casting, 15, 335 CNC lathe, 705 Consolidation processes, 827 Cause and effect diagram, 986 CNC , 7 Constantan, 143 Cavitation, 948 CNC center, 678, 723 Consumable electrode melting, 122

CBN, cubic boron nitride, 573 CO2 laser, 517, 894 Consumable electrode process, 850 Cementation, 350 Coalescence, 827 Consumable , 844 Cemented carbides, 568 Coated abrasives, 779 Consumer goods, 1 Cementite, 80, 81, 90 Coated carbide cutting tools, 570 , 121, 324 Cements, 179 Coated electrode, 851 Continuous chip with built-up edge, 542 Center drill, 634 Coated tools, 565 Continuous chip, 542 Center drill, 638 Coating, 948 Continuous extrusion, 406 Center head, 230 Cobalt alloys, 905 Continuous furnace, 112 Center type cylindrical grinding, 774 Cobalt, 159, 568 Continuous path, 712 , 775 Coefficient of friction, 370 Continuous mill, 386 Centerless thread grinding, 805 Coherency, 95 Continuous sintering, 470 Center-type end feed thread grinding, 805 Cohesiveness, 287 Continuous-cooling-transformation (C-C-T) diagram, 102 Centrifugal barrel tumbling, 942 Coil-coated , 959 Continuous-processes, 10, 14 Centrifugal casting, 322, 353 die, 434 Continuous-surface bond, 920 Centrigue centrifugal casting, 323 Coining, 415, 473 Contour turning, 599 Ceracon process, 471 Cold drawing, 407 Contouring control, 714 Ceramic filters, 272 Cold extrusion, 411 Contouring, 712 , 303 Cold forming, 409 Control charts for variables, 982 Ceramic-matrix composites (CMC), 188, 359 Cold heading, 409 Control-loop unit, (CLU), 712 Ceramics, 175, 347, 572 Cold molding, 337 Conventional grinding, 773 Cermets, 179, 572 Cold riser, 274 Cookie-cutter die, 428 Cerol gear, 812 Cold roll-forming process, 436 Cooling curve, 72, 267 Channel jig, 686 Cold rolling, 384 Cooling rate, 267 Chaplets, 301 Cold , 746 Coordinate measurement machine (CMM), 240 Charpy impact test, 832 Cold shut, 270 Cope, 265, 284 Charpy test, 42 Cold welding, 880 Cope-and-drag , 285 Chatter, 548 , 66, 373 Copolymer, 164 Check sheet, 980 Cold-box method, 300 alloys, 905 Cheek, 302 Cold-chamber , 318 Copper based alloys, 313 Chemical ablation, 516 Cold-roll forming, 818 Copper nickel alloy, 143 Chemical analysis, 257 Cold-work tool steel, 135 Copper tin alloy, 141, 142 Chemical blanking, 488 Collapsibility, 287 Copper zinc alloy, table of properties, 143 Chemical cleaning, 946 Collapsing tap, 799 Copper zinc alloys, 141 Chemical conversion coatings, 953 chuck, 643 Copper, 140 Chemical failure, 582 Collet, 622 Copper-beryllium alloy, 144 Chemical flux cutting, 848 Coloring agents, 170 Core box, 265 Chemical machining (CHM), 485 Coloring metals, 953 Core making, 298 Chemical machining design factors, 490 Column, 645 Core print, 265, 301 Chemical machining processes, 485 Column-and- milling machine, 670 Cored, 77 Chemical reduction, 462 Columnar zone, 269 Core-oil process, 300 Chemical stability, 561 Combination drill, 639 Core-to-face bond, 920 Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), 560, 579, 958 Combination four-jaw combination chuck, 621 Corrosion resistance, 140 Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP), 492 Combination set, 230 Corundum, 757 zone, 268 Compactability, 288 Counterblow machining, 393 Chills, external, 275 Compacted graphite cast iron, 85 , 639 Chills, internal, 275 Compacting, 464 Counterboring, 650 Chip disposal, 683 Compaction sequence, 465 Counter-gravity , 307 Chip , 570 Compaction, 461 , 638, 639 Chip shooter, 503 Company wide quality control, (CWQC), 969 Countersinking, 650 Chip thickness ratio, 542 Composite materials, 183 Coupling medium, 251 Chipless tapping, 806 Composites, 196 Covalent bond, 58 Chipping, 561 Composites, fabrication, 351 Crater depth, 582 Chips, 19 Compound die, 429 Crater wear, 582 end, 628 Compound rest, 607 Creep feed grinding, (CFG), 773 Choke, 271 Compounds, 944 Creep, 49 Chromate conversion coatings, 953 Compressability, 463 Critical flaw, 257 Chucking reamer, 651 Compression bending, 435 Cross feed, 757 Chvorinov's rule, 268 Compression molding, 336, 356 Cross slide, 607, 609 Circular saw, 751 Compression test, 36 Cross-linking, 174 , 746 Compressive strain, 29 Crown gear, 812 Cladding, 948, 958 Compressive strength, 289 Crowned roll, 388 Clamping, 677, 682 Compressive stress, 29 Crucible furnace, 326 -on jig, 686 Computer aided design, CAD, 23, 707 Crush roll dressing, 767 Clapper box, 732 Computer aided manufacturing, CAM, 23 Crystal structure, 56, 59 Classes of fits, 223 Computer aided testing and inspection, CATI, 23 Crystalline ceramics processes, 349 Clay content, 288 Computer control , 390 Crystalline ceramics, 347 dega-index-1001-1010-hr 1/17/07 12:24 PM Page 1003

Index 1003

Crystallize, 165 Direct extrusion, 402 Edge dislocation, 64 Cubic boron nitride, (CBN), 573, 759 Direct fuel-fired furnace, 326 Edging, 392 Cubic structure, 60 , (DNC), 707 Eff-set process, 298 Cup redrawing, 442 Direct-arc furnace, 326 Ejector drill, 636 Cupolas, 325 Direct-current electrode-negative, (DCEN), 850 Ejector pin, 337 Cupro nickel, 143 Direct-injection die casting, 318 Elastic deformation, 62 Curing, 915 Direction of , 541 Elastic limit, 32 Current cycle, 873 Directional solidification, 266 Elastic springback, 375 Cut-and-peel method, 485 Discontinuous chip, 542 Elastomers, 173, 915 Cutoff operation, 425 Discrete fasteners, 925 Elastomers, table of properties, 176 Cutoff, 528, 602, 937 Disk saw, 746 Electrical conductivity, 53, 68, 140 Cutter grinder, 778 Disk-grinding machines, 778 Electrical discharge machine (EDM), 506, 510 Cutter offset, 721 Disk-type filing machine, 752 Electrical induction heating, 113 Cutting fluids, 591, 649, 771, 803 Dislocation, 64 Electrical resistivity, 53 Cutting force, 533, 543, 603, 663 Dispersion hardening, 92, 95 Electrochemical deburring, 508 Cutting speed vs. temperature, 556 Dispersion-strengthened materials, 184 Electrochemical grinding, (ECG), 507 Cutting speed, 525, 600, 629, 731, 757 Distortion, 106, 277, 837 Electrochemical machining, (ECM), 504 Cutting speeds, waterjet, 786 Distributed numerical control, (DNC), 707 Electrochemical micromachining, (EMM), 506 Cutting stiffness, 536, 549 Dog plate, 620 Electrocoating, 950 Cutting time, 529, 601, 630, 733 Doping, 493 Electrode, 849 Cutting time, taping, 801 Dormant flaw, 257 Electrodeposition, 950 Cutting tool angles, 577 Double frame drop hammer, 390 Electrodischarge machining, 934 Cutting tool geometry, 577 Double-action press, 441 Electroforming, 451, 955 Cutting tool holder, 616 Double-cut broach, 740 Electroless composite plating, 957 selection, 561 Double-cut , 751 Electroless plating, 956 Cutting tool materials, 560 Double-housing , 735 Electrolitic tough-pitch (ETP), copper, 141 Cutting tool materials, properties, 564 Down grinding, 757 Electron , 69 Cutting tool, 5, 18, 526, 598 Down milling, 662 Electron, 56 Cutting, 761 , 265, 277 Electronbeam hardening, 110 Cyanoacrylates, 916 Drag, 265, 284 Electron-beam machining (EBM), 515 Cylindrical machining operations, 532 Draw beads, 442 Electron-beam welding, (EBW), 891 Cylindricity, 241 Draw bench, 407 , 953 Czochralske method, 493 Draw bending, 435 Electropolishing, 946 Damping capacity, 36, 83 Draw block, 408 Electroslag remelting, 122 Data-processing unit, (DPU), 712 Draw ratio, 441 , (ESW), 890 DCL (depth-of-cut line), 576 Draw-cut , 733 Electrostatic chuck, 696 Dead , 620 Draw-in collet, 622 Electrostatic deposition, 950 Dead riser, 274 Drawing operations, 422 Electrostatic spray finishing, 949 Deburring processes, 960 Drawing, 342, 430 Electrostream , 506 Decanning, 470 Dressing stick, 766 Elevator furnace, 113 Dedendum, 809 Dressing, 766 Elongation, 29 Deep drawing, 440 Drift, 228 Elostomer, 335 Deep-hole , 635 Drill bushing, 684 Embossing, 448 Deflection, 603 Drill press, 645 Emery, 757 Deformation processes, 363 Drill selection, 642 Emulsification, 946 Degassification, 121 Drill sizes, 635 , 665 Degassing, 270 Drill tool holder, 643 End milling, 530, 659, 661 Delayed-tack adhesives, 919 Drilling axial thrust, 646 Endurance limit, 44 Delta-ferrite, 80 Drilling horsepower, 631 Endurance strength, 45 Deoxidation, 121 Drilling problems, 635 Energy in machining, 533 Depth of cut (DOC), 525, 600, 661, 731 Drilling processes compared, 638 Engine lathe, 607, 678 Depth of emersion, (DOI), 661 Drilling, 17, 524, 530, 599, 604, 628 Enterprise, 5 Depth-of-cut line (DCL), 576 Drive crank rpm, 731 Environmental considerations, 201 Depth-to-diameter ratio, 635 , 269 Epoxies, 916 Design for manufacturing, (DFM), 11, 787 Dry sand pours, 299 Equiaxed zone, 269 Design of castings, 278 Drying, 951 Equilibrium phase diagram, 71 Design of experiments, (DOE), 988 Dry-sand mold, 293 Etch resist, 485 Design of P/M products, 476 Dual phase steel, 129 Etching, 485 Design process, 199 Dual-inline package (DIP), 497 Eutectic structure, 78 Destructive testing, 245, 981 Dubbed drill, 342 Eutectic-composition alloy, 267 Devitrification, 348 Dubbing, 632 Eutectiod steel, 97 Dezincification, 142 Ductile cast iron, 85 Eutectoid, 78, 90 Dial indicator, 244 Ductile to brittle transition temperature, 48 Evaporative adhesive, 918 Diameter, jig, 686 , 33, 374 Excitner laser, 517 Diametral pitch, (DP), 809 Dump-box, 296 Exothermic material, 275 Diamonds, 572, 758 Dump-core box, 299 Expandable graphite molding, 304 Die casting, 313, 316, 820 Duplex , 133 Expansion fit, 925 Die shoe, 426 Duplicating attachment, 605 Expansion reamer, 652 Die, 423 Duplicator, 672 Expendable-mold casting processes, 283 Die-cast metal properties, 320, 321 Duralumin, 148 Explosive bonding, 352 Die-casting alloys, 155 Durometer, 40 Explosive , 415 Die-filing machine, 752 Duty cycle, 511 Explosive welding, (EXW), 886, 928 , 885 Dynamic properties, 42 Extrusion, 340, 348, 401, 821 Diffusion welding, (DFW), 885 Eccentric press drive mechanism, 453 Face centered cubic, 60 Digital , 233 ECG metal removal rate, 509 Face mill, 665 Dimensional accuracy, 606 Economic cutting speed, 589 Face milling, 530, 659 Dinking, 426 Economics of machine, 588 Face plate, 624 Dip brazing, 908 Eddy-current testing, 253 , 528, 598, 602 Dip soldering, 913 Edge chipping, 582 Failure modes, adhesive joints, 922 Dipping, 346, 949 Edge clamp, 695 Fasteners, 827, 924, 925 dega-index-1001-1010-hr 1/17/07 12:24 PM Page 1004

1004 Index

Fatigue crack growth rate, 52 Form tool, 618 Graphite, 82, 160, 186 Fatigue failure, 46, 964 Form turning, 599 Gravity drop hammer, 390 Fatigue strength, 45, 934 Formability, 50 Gray cast iron, 83, 314 Fatigue, 44 , 363 Green hardness, 289

Fe3C, cementite, 82 Forming processes, table, 365 Green machining, 350 Feed per tooth, 661 Forming processes, variables, 364 Green , 293 Feed rate, 661 Forming, 15, 430 Green sand pours, 299 Feed rod, 608 Forward impact extrusion, 410 Green strength, 463 Feed, 525, 600 Forward redraw, 442 Grinding parameters, 758 Fellows , 816 Four-facet drill, 633 Grinding safety, 770 Ferrite, 80, 81, 90 Four-jaw independent chuck, 621 identification, 768 Ferritic stainless steel, 132 Four-slide press, 454 Grinding wheel shape, 769 Ferrous alloys, classification, 119 Fracture mechanics, 50 Grinding, 524, 756, 934 Ferrous metals, 118 Fracture strength, 33 Groove weld, 830 Fiber reinforced composite, 184, 352, 359 Fracture toughness, 50 Grooving, 528 Fibers, 353 Free vibration, 548 Group jig, 692 Filament winding, 354 Free-body diagram, 544 Group technology, (GT), 15, 710 File test, 40 Free-machining , 130 Guerin process, 443 File, 751 Freeze drying, 72 Gull wing lead, 498 Filing, 751 Freezing range, 74, 267 Gundrills, 635 Filler metals, 844, 849, 901, 905 Friability, 758 G-word, 719 Fillers, 170 Friction force, 543 , 743 Fillet weld, 830 , (FSW), 882, 928 Hafnium, 159 Fillets, 279 , (FRW), 881, 928 Half-hard sheet, 384 Filters forecasting, 269 Friction, 369 Hand lay-up, 356 Filters, 269 Full annealing, 90 Hand ramming, 290 Fine blanking, 422, 820 Fullering, 392 Hand reamer, 651 Finish allowance, 277 Full-hard sheet, 384 Hand spraying, 949 Finishing of castings, 329 Full-mold casting process, 308 Hand tap, 798 Finishing processes, 20 Furnace brazing, 907 Hard automation, 702 Finishing treatments, 940 Fusion weld defects, 838 Hard baked, 496 Finishing, 310, 343 Fusion welding, 828, 833, 844 Hard chromium plating, 954 Firing, 349 Fusion welding, joint designs, 831 Hard facing, 898 Fishbone diagram, 986 G ratio, 763 Hardenability, 102 Fit, 925, 926 Gage blocks, 216 Hardness conversion table, 41 Fixed automation, 702 Gage capability, 219, 228, 988 Hardness test, 37 Fixed-sequential format, 720 Galvanize, 154 Hardness, 104, 561, 758 , 677, 679 Gang mandrel, 621 Hardness/tensile strength, 42 Flame hardening, 110 Gang-drilling machine, 648 Hastelloy, 157 Flame retardant, 171 Gap frame press, 453 Headstock, 607 Flame straightening, 848 Gap-bed lathe, 610 Heat affected zone, (HAZ), 516, 519, 833, 835, 868 Flanging, 437 Garnet, 759 Heat checking, 317 Flank wear, 582, 583 Gas atomization, 462 Heat in metal cutting, 554 , (FW), 897 Gas carburizing, 111 of castings, 329 Flash, 881 Gas flushing, 270 Heat treatment nonferrous metals, 93 , 265, 284, 290, 309, 345 , (GMAW), 851, 854 Heat treatment P/M, 475 Flat surface machining, 533 Gas porosilty, 266, 269 Heat treatment, 20, 89 Flatness, 226, 241 Gas arc , 862 Heliarc welding, 859 Flexforming, 444 , (GTAW), 859 Helical angle, 791 Flexible automation, 702 Gates, 284 Helical flute, 629 Flexible machining system, (FMS), 707 Gating system, 266, 270 Helical gear, 811 Flexible manufacturing cell, (FMC), 711 Gear box, 610 Helical , 667 Flip-chip technology, 497 Gear finishing, 821 Helix angle, 632 Floating plug, 408 Gear generating, 815 Hexagonal close-pack, 60 Flow lines, 413 Gear grinding, 822 High speed steel (HSS), 565, 586, 663 Flow shop, 3, 12 Gear , 823 High speed steel cutting tool, 616 Flow structure, 372 Gear making process, 813 High speed tool steels, 136 Flow turning, 438 Gear making, 808 High strength steel, 196 Fluidity, 270, 903 Gear shaper cutter, 817 High strength, low alloy structural steels, (HSLA), 127 Fluidized-bed furnace, 113 Gear shaping, 815 High-alloy steel, 124 Flush-pin gage, 244 Gear shaving, 821 High-carbon steel, 123 Flute, 628 Gear tooth, 808 High-chromium tool steel, 135 Fluted-chucking reamer, 651 Gear types, 811 High-energy-rate forming (HERF), 448 Fluteless plug tap, 800 Gear-tooth nomenclature, 808 High-pressure flexible-die forming, 444 Flux-cord arc welding, (FCAW), 851, 853 Gear-tooth vernier caliper, 823 High-strength low-alloy (HSLA), aluminum, 145 Fluxeless brazing, 909 Gel milling, 485 High-temperature adhesives, 917 Fluxeless soldering, 913 Geometric considerations, 201 Histogram, 973, 974 Fluxes, 845 Geometric tolerances, 224, 241 Hob, 818, 819 Fluxes, brazing, 906 Glass-ceramics, 348 , 812, 813, 818 Fly cutter, 669 Glassy state, 177 Hold-down pressure, 441 Foam molding, 341 Globular transfer, 855 Hole cutter, 638 Foamed plastics, 172, 341 Go plug gage, 243 Hole saw, 638 Forced vibration, 548 Gooseneck die casting, 318 Homogenization, 92 Force-displacement, 553 Grade, 763 Honeycombed structure, 352 welding, 879 Grain boundary, 61 Honing, 780 Forge-seam welding, 879 Grain growth, 61, 68, 266, 372 Hook tooth saw blade, 745 Forging, 389 Grain refinement, 266 Hooke's law, 32 Form cutter, 814 Grain size refinement, 92 Horizontal broaching machine, 743 Form milling cutter, 668 Grain size, 288, 760 Horizontal machining center, 706, 722 Form milling, 813 Grain structure, 61 Horizontal milling center, 716 dega-index-1001-1010-hr 1/17/07 12:24 PM Page 1005

Index 1005

Horizontal push cut shaper, 733 Intermetallic compounds, 79, 836 Lead pitch, 498 Horizontal milling machine, 657 International Organization for Standards, (ISO), 791 Lead pot, 113 Horn press, 454 International System of Units, 214 Lead screw, 795 Horsepower, 529 Interpolation, 721 Lead shell mold, 335 Hot hardness, 561 Interrupted cutting, 656 Lead-free alloys, 144 Hot isostatic steel, 566 Interstitial atoms, 93 Lead-free solders, 911 Hot melt, 917 Investment casting, 304, 820 Leadscrew, 610 Hot pressing, 353 Involute curve, 809 Lead-silver alloys, 911 Hot rolling, 383 Involute gear teeth formulas, 810 Leaf jig, 686 Hot spots, 279 Ion carburizing, 111 Leak testing, 256 Hot spray painting, 949 Ion implantation, 581 Lean manufacturing, 969 Hot tears, 273, 290 Ion plating, 112, 581 Lean production, 3 Hot working, 66, 371 Ion, negative, 57 Length, 214 Hot-box method, 300 Ion, positive, 57 Lever-law, 77 Hot-chamber die casting, 318 Ion-beam machining (IBM), 515 LFG,(low-force groove), 578 Hot-compression molding, 336 Ionic bond, 57 Life-cycle curve, 1 Hot-dip coating, 952 Ionitriding, 111 Lightweight metals, 196 Hot-drawing operations, 447 Iron age, 1 Limits, 223 Hot-gas welding, 928 Iron carbon phase diagram, 90 Line stop, 991 Hot-isostatic pressing (HIP), 136, 348, 469 Iron, 119, 283 Linear friction welding, 927 Hot-plate welding, 928 Iron-carbon equilibrium diagram, 79 Linear measuring instruments, 229 H-process, 293 Ironing, 448 Linear variable differential transformer, (LVDT), 936, 979 Hubbing, 415 Ishikowa diagram, 986 Linearity, 228 Hybrid composites, 189 Islands, 488 Linked cell manufacturing system, (L-CMS), 14 Hybrid welding processes, 895 ISO system of limits and fits, 224 Lip, 628 Hydraulic drive, 734 Isoners plastics, 163 Liquid atomization, 462 Hydraulic press, 394, 452 Isostatic compaction, 467 Liquid carburizing, 111 Hydrodynamic machining, 784 Isostatic pressing, 348 Liquid penetrant inspection, 247 Hydrostatic extrusion, 404 Isothermal anneal, 98 Liquid-phase sintering, 350, 468 Hypereutectoid steel, 81 Isothermal forging, 394 Liquidus, 74, 267 Hypoeutectoid steel, 81 Isothermal forming, 377 Loaded wheel, 766 Hypoid gear, 812 Isothermal-transformation (IT) diagram, 96 Locating, 677 IC packaging, 497 Isotropic property, 66 Logarithimic strain, 35 Impact extrusion, 410 Izod test, 42 Lost-foam casting, 308 Impact strength, 563 Jig and fixture economics, 698 Lost-wax casting, 15, 305 Impact tests, 42 Jig designs, 685 Low-alloy steel, 124 Impactor, 393 Jig, 677, 679 Low-carbon steel, 123, 375 Implant welding, 928 J-lead, 498 Lower control limit, (LCL), 983 Impregnation, 329, 474 Job shop, 12 Lower natural tolerance limit, (LNTL), 221 Impression drop forging die, 392 Job, see station, 5 Lower specification limit, (LSL), 973 Impression-die design, 394 John Parsons, 705 Lower yield point, 32 Impression-die hammer forging, 391 Joinability, 839 Low-force groove (LFG), 578 Inbar, 157 Joining of ceramics, 350 Low-pressure permanent-mold (LPPM) process, 315 Inclinable press, 454 Joining of plastics, 927 Low-stress grinding, 765 Incomplete fusion, 829 Joining processes, 19, 827 Lubrication, 369, 370 Incomplete penetration, 829 Joint designs, 921 Luders bands, 375 Inconel, 157 Jolting, 291 Machinability, 50, 589 Incremental address system, 715 Jominy test, 102 Machine control unit, (MCU), 702, 712 Indexable drilling problem solving, 641 Jump-tooth broach, 738 Machine reamer, 651 Indexable insert drill, 640 Kanban, 14 Machine tool, 5, 18, 526, 598, 647 Indexable-insert drill, speed and feed, 630 Kerf, 743, 846 Machine zero point, 713 Indexing, 674 Kevlar, 185, 354 Machining allowance, 277 Indirect extrusion, 402 Keyseater, 734, 818 Machining center, 18, 702, 703, 711 Indirect fuel-fired furnace, 326 Kick press, 452 Machining dynamics, 546 Induction brazing, 908 Knee-and-column milling machine, 669 Machining horsepower, 535 Induction furnace, 327 Knitting, 358 Machining mechanics, 543 Induction hardening, 110 Knuckle joint press, 452 Machining of ceramics, 350 Industrial engineers, 11 Knurling, 605 Machining of plastics, 342 Inert gasses, 469 Ladle , 120 Machining P/M products, 475 Inertia welding, 881 Laminar composite, 183, 351 Machining power, 533 Infeed, 757 Lamination, 355 Machining processes, 534 Infiltration, 329, 474 Lap, 782 Machining, 17, 523 Infrared radiation, 929 Lapping, 782 rule, 229 Injection molding, 304, 347, 348, 358 Lap-welded pipe, 452 Macrosegregation, 77 Inner metallic compound, 68 Laser interferometer, 236 Magnesium alloys, 152, 283 Inoculation, 85, 266 Laser power density, 516 Magnesium alloys, table, 154 Insert tooling, 664 Laser sintering, 350 Magnesium, 313 Inserted teeth saw, 746 Laser spot welding, 896 Magnetic chuck, 695 Inserts, 344 Laser types, 517 Magnetic particle inspection, 248 Insert-tooth milling cutter, 668 Laser welding, 929 Magnetic workholder, 695

Insolubility, 76 Laser-beam cutting, (LBC), 895 Magnetite, (Fe3O4), 757 Inspection equipment, 228 Laser-beam hardening, 110 Magnification, 228 Inspection methods, 227 Laser-beam machining (LBM), 516 Malleable cast iron 84 Inspection, 9, 20, 213, 981 Laser-beam welding, (LBW), 893 Mandrel, 403, 407, 620 Insulating sleeves, 275 Lathe center, 619 Mannesmann process, 414 Integral fasteners, 924 , 620 Manual press, 452 Integrated circuit, IC, 19, 492 Lathe, 18 Manufacturing cell, 14 Interference bands, 236 Lattice structure, 59 Manufacturing concerns, 202 Interference fit, 220 Lay symbols, 936 Manufacturing cost, 2, 203 Intermediate jig concept, 693 Lead alloys, 158, 313 Manufacturing engineers, 11 dega-index-1001-1010-hr 1/17/07 12:24 PM Page 1006

1006 Index

Manufacturing process, 3, 6 Modular tooling, 427 Open-die hammer forging, 390 Manufacturing system design, 12, 23 Modulus of elasticity, 32 Open-loop numerical control, 704 Manufacturing system, 3 Modulus of resilience, 32 Open-mold processing, 357 MAPP gas, 844 Modulus of toughness, 34 Open-side planer, 735 Maraging steel, 131 Moisture content, 288 Operation, see process, 5 Margin, 628, 631 Mold cavity, 264, 265 or projector, 235 Marking system, 768 Mold constant, 268 Optical flat, 236 Martemper, 108 Mold hardness, 288 Orbital forming, 415 Martensite, 84, 98 Mold removal, 264 Organic finishing materials, 949 Martensitic stainless steel, 132 Mold, 284 Orifice gas, 862 Maskant, 485 Molding plates, 890 Orthogonal disk machining, 538 Masking, 485 Molding, 15 Orthogonal machining, 538 methods, 944 Molecular structure of plastics, 163 Orthogonal plate machining, 538 Mass, 214 Molecular structure, 59 Orthogonal tube turning, 538 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (MIT), 702, 705 Molocule, 56 Osprey process, 451, 471 Master jig, 692 Molten pool, 844 Overaging, 95 Match plate molding, 292 Monel, 143, 157 Overhang, 488 Match-plate pattern, 285 Monochromatic light source, 236 Oxyacetyene-metal spraying gun, 899 Material availability, 204 Monomer, 164 Oxyacetylene cutting, (OFC-A), 847 Material handling, 20 Monotectic, 78 Oxyacetylene process, 843 Material selection, 195, 198 Mottled zone, 84 Oxyacetylene welding torch, 842 Material substitution, 207 Mounted abrasive wheel, 779 Oxydyzing flame, 843 Materials and processes compatibality, 206 Moving assembly line, 13 Oxy-fuel cutting, (OFC), 846 Materials engineers, 11 Muller, 287 Oxyfuel-gas welding, (OFW), 842 Materials processing families, 263 Multiple-spindle automatic screw machine, 613 Oxygen lance cutting, (OLC), 846 Materials processing, 262 Multiple-spindle drilling machine, 648 Oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFHC) copper, 141 Matrix, 353 Multiple-tooth cutting, 530 P/M forging, 473 Mats, 353 Multiple-use molds, 264 Pack rolling, 386 Measured force, 543 Multiple-use-mold casting processes, 313 Packaging, 19, 29, 497 Measurement, 213 Multislide machine, 456 Pack-carburizing, 111 Mechanical drive, 734 Nail, 925 Painting, 948 Mechanical fasteners, 19, 929 Natural abrasives, 943 Pallet changer, 709 Mechanical fastening, 924 Natural strain, 35 Parallel-plate , 445 Mechanical plating, 957 NC-word, 719 Parent population, 980 Mechanical press, 394 Nd-YAG laser, 517, 894 Parison, 336 Mechanical properties, 29, 201, 376 Near-net shape forging, 400 Part programming, 718 Mechanical properties, P/M products, 475 Near-net shape, 313 Particle shape, 461 Media, 943 Near-shape forging, 400 Particle size, 461 Medium-carbon steel, 123 Necking, 34, 599 Particulate composites, 184, 351 Melting process, 264 Neutral flame, 843 Parting line, 264 Melting, 325 Neutron, 56 Parting , 276 Merchant's bubble model, 546 Nichrome, 157 Parting surface, 266 Merchant's force diagram, 544 Nickel alloys, 905 Parting, 528, 602 Merchant's model, 542 Nickel based alloys, 157, 283 Pattern allowances, 277 Metal cutting, 18, 523 Nickel silver, 143 Pattern board, 284 Metal forming processes, 363 Nitriding, 111 Patterns, 276 Metal injection molding (MIM), 348, 471 Nitrocarbonizing, 111 PCB assembly process, 502 Metal powder cutting, 848 Nitrocellulose lacquer, 948 PCBN, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, 574 Metal powders, 462 No-bake sand, 295, 308 PCD, polycrystalline diamond, 573 Metal removal rate vs grain size, 760 Nodular cast iron, 85 Pearlite, 81 Metal removal rate, 504, 528, 529, 601, 631, 657, 673, Nodulizer, 85 Pearlite, coarse, 98 733, 738 No-go gage, 243 Pearlite, fine, 98 Metal removal, 17, 523 Nominal, 220, 970 Pearlitic cast iron, 84 Metalforming, 15 Non consumable electrode arc welding, 859 , 416, 838 Metalic bond, 58 Nonconsumable electrode process, 850 Penetrameter, 253 Metallic glass, 159 Nondestructive testing, 246 Penetration, 270, 290 Metallic materials, 29 Nonferris metals, 139 Percent compactability, 289 Metallizing, 898 Nonferris metals, properties, 140 Percent elongation, 34 Metal-matrix composites, 188, 359 Nonmetallic materials, 29, 162 Percent reduction in area, 34 Metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS), 494 Nonmetals, 29 Percussion welding, (PEW), 897 Metric to English conversion table, 217 Nonstructural adhesive, 918 Performance, 28 Metric to English conversion, 216 Nontraditional machining (NTM), 484 Peripheral milling, 656 Metrology, 227 Normal curve, 974 Peritecit, 78, 80 Micro structure, 56 Normal distribution, 221 Peritectoid, 78 Microalloyed steels, 128 Normalizing, 91 Permanent-mold casting processes, 313 Microchipping, 576 Nose radius, 582 Permeability number, 288 Microdrilling, 642 NTM process summary, 486 Permeability, 287, 468 Microhardness test, 39 n-type semiconductor, 69 Phase diagram, 267 Micrometer depth gage, 234 Nucleation, 61, 266 Phase transformation, 92 Micrometer, 230 Numerical control, (NC), 14, 702 Phosphate coating, 953 Milk of lime, 948 Nut and bolt, 925 process, 489 Milling attachment, 605 N-word, 719 Photochemical milling, 488 Milling cutter, 656 Oblique machining, 535 Photolithography process, 495 Milling fixture, 689 Offset yield strength, 32 Photoresist, 493 Milling, 17, 524, 656 One piece pattern, 285 Physical failure, 582 Mirowave heating, 929 Onset of shear angle, 539 Physical properties, 29, 202 Misrun, 270 Onset of shear, 545 Physical vapor deposition (PVD), 565, 579, 958 MIT, 705 Open riser, 274 Pick-and-place machine, 503 Mixing, 464 Open-back press, 454 Piercing, 425 Modular fixture, 690 Open-cell foam plastic, 341 Pig iron, 119 dega-index-1001-1010-hr 1/17/07 12:24 PM Page 1007

Index 1007

Pillow forming, 445 Pressure-to-pressure extrusion, 405 Repeatability, 677, 970 Pin grid array, 498 Printed circuit board, (PCB), 19, 500 Repressing, 473 Pin-in hole technology, 498 Probability distributions, 975 Residual stress, 91, 106, 373, 765, 868, 963 Pitch circle, 808 Probe, 724 Residual stresses, welding, 836 Pitch diameter, (PD), 791, 808 Process anneal, 91 Resilience, 32 Pitch point, 808 Process capability calculations, 985 Resin-matrix composite, 187 Pitch, 736, 791 Process capability index, 976 Resinoid bond, 764 Plain-carbon steel, 123 Process capability study, 972 Resin-transfer molding, 356 Planer-type milling machine, 671 Process capability, 724, 970 Resistance brazing, 908 Planetary gear shaper, 816 Process damping, 552 Resistance seam welding, (RSEW), 876 Planing, 524, 731 Process modeling, 367 Resistance spot welding, (RSW), 874 , (PAW), 862 Process yield, 496 Resistance welding circuit, 872 Plasma-arc cutting (PAC), 518, 840 Processing, 28, 357 Resistance welding heating, 872 Plasma-arc spray gun, 899 Producer goods, 1 Resistance welding, 871 , 302 Product liability, 207 Resistivity methods, 256 Plastic deformation, 32, 63, 363 Product life cycle, 21 Resolution, 228, 496 Plastic forming, 348 Production design, 200 Resolver, 714 Plastic molding, 821 Production system, 3 Resulted force, 544 Plasticity, 363 Profiler, 672 Retained austenite, 99 Plasticizers, 170 Programmable automation, 702 Retractable core, 317 Plastics, 163, 334 Progressive broach, 740 Reusable mold, 276 Plastics, properties of, 168 Progressive die set, 428 Reverberatory furnace, 326 Plate jig, 686 Project shop, 14 Reverse polarity direct current, (RPDC), 850 Plate, 382 Projection welding, (RPW), 877 Reverse redraw, 442 Platen grinder, 780 Proof testing, 245 Revolutions per minute (rpm), 526, 629 Plowing, 761 Properties of materials, 28 Rheo casting process, 322 Plug gage, 243 Proton, 56 Ring gage, 243 Plug tap, 798 Prototype, 199 Ring jig, 686 Plug weld, 830 p-type semiconductor, 69 Ring rolling, 387 Point-to-point control, 714 Pull broach, 736 Rise per tooth, (RPT), 737 Point-to-point machine, 712 Pulsed spray transfer, 855 Riser design, 273 Poisson's ratio, 62 Pulsed-current ECM, (PECM), 506 Riser, 265, 284 Poka-yoke, 993, 995 Pulse-echo technique, 251 Rivet, 925 Polerization, 59 Pultrusion, 354 Riveting, 415 Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, (PCBN), 574 Pulverization, 462 Rockwell hardness test, 38 Polycrystalline diamond, (PCD), 573 holder, 426 Rod drawing, 407 Polymer, 164 Punch, 423 Roll bending, 434 Polymerization, 164 Purging, 468 Roll bonding, (ROW), 351, 880 Polymorphic, 60 Push-type broach, 738 Roll extrusion, 414 Polystyrene, 308 Quad flat pack package, 498 Roll finishing, 822 Pop-rivet, 415 Quality circles, 995 Roll forging, 398 Porcelain enameling, 958 Quality control chart calculations, 982 Roll forming, 436 Poring temperature, 267 Quarter-hard sheet, 384 Roll leveling, 437 Porosity, 468 Quartz, 758 Roll straightening, 437 Pouring ladle, 328 Quench and temper, 101 Roll welding, 880 Pouring practice, 328 Quench cracking, 104 Roller burnishing, 417, 940, 963 Pouring technique, 264 Quench media, 105 Rolling mill rolls, 388 Powder coating system, 952 Quenching, 94 Rolling mill, 385 Powder coating, 951 Quick change chuck, 644 Rolling, 342, 382 Powder metallurgy, (P/M), 460, 820 Quick-release fastener, 925 Rollover jig, 686 Power hacksaw, 748 Quick-stop device, 543 Root-mean- value, 937 Power injection molding (PIM), 471 Quill, 608 Rose-chucking reamer, 651

Power metallurgy tool steel, 563 RA, 937 Rotary gear shaper, 816 Powerhead, 645 Rack, 812 Rotary piercing, 413 Pre programmed machining routines, 717 Racon drill, 633 Rotary-type table milling machine, 671 Prealloyed powder, 462 Radial drill press, 4 Rotational molding, 340 Precipitation hardening stainless steel, 133 Radial drilling machine, 648 Rotor-tooth broach, 738 Precipitation hardening, 92 Radiation-curing adhesives, 920 Roughness profile, 934 Precision plasma arc cutting, 519 Radiography inspection, 252 Roughness, 606 Precision forging, 400 Radius gage, 244 Roundness, 241 Precision , 867 Rake angle, 761 Rovings, 353 Precision, 219, 677 Raker-tooth saw, 746 Rubber mold casting, 304 Precision, 970 Ram EDM, 511 Rubber tooling, 442 Precoated steel sheet, 131 Ram, 732 Rubber, 174, 346 Preform, 337 Ram-type milling machine 670 Rubber-bonded wheel, 764 Prepreg, 353 Ram-type , 611 Rubbing, 761 Press bending, 435 Rapid prototyping, 18 Run chart, 973, 974 Press break, 431 -cut file, 751 Runner well, 271 Press feeding devices, 456 Reaction injection molding, 339 Runner, 265, 284 Press forging, 393 Reaction sintering, 350 Saddle-type turret lathe, 612 Press-and-sinter parts, 467 Reaming, 605, 651 Salt bath furnace, 113 Pressed fit, 926 Recast metal, 844 Salt-bath brazing, 907 Pressure angle, 808 Recrystallization, 66, 91, 92, 372 Sampling errors, 987 Pressure casting, 353 Red brass, 141 Sampling, 981 Pressure gas welding, (PGW), 845 Reflow oven, 503 Sand blasting, 941 Pressure induced ductility, 405 Refractoriness, 287 Sand casting, 284 Pressure-assisted sintering, 470 Refractory fractory metals, 158 Sand molding properties, 290 Pressure-bag molding, 356 Refractory materials, 178 Sand muller, 287 Pressure-sensitive adhesive, 918 Relieved helical drill, 633 Sand slinger, 290 Pressure-temperature diagram, 72 Repeat accuracy, 228 Sandwiched structure, 352 dega-index-1001-1010-hr 1/17/07 12:24 PM Page 1008

1008 Index

Saponification, 946 Silicon nitride, 181 Spot facing, 650 Saw , 743 Silicon wafer, 493 Spot welding, 862 Sawing machines, 747 Silicon-bronze alloy, 144 Spot-weldable metals, 876 Sawing, 17, 524, 743 Silicones, 917 Spot-welding equipment, 875 Scanning electron microscope, 938 Silver solders, 905 Spray deposition, 451 Scanning laser measuring system, 238 , 242 Spray forming, 451, 471 Scarf, 903 Single-cut file, 751 Spray molding, 358 Sceleroscope, 40 Single-piece core, 300 Spray, 855 Screen printing, 487 Single-point cutting tools, 616 Sprayed metal applications, 900 Screw dislocation, 64 Single-spindle automatic screw machine, 613 Springback, 374, 431 , 394 Single-use molds, 264 well, 271 Screw threads, types, 793 Sinker EDM, 511 Sprue, 266, 284 Screw, 925 Sinter bonding, 929 Spur gear, 811 Screw-thread nomenclature, 791 Sinter brazing, 469 Spur-gear forging, 397 Screw-thread pitch gage, 244 Sintered carbides, 568 Sputtering, 581 Seaming, 437 Sintering, 347, 349, 461, 468 Square head, 230 Seamless tubing, 413 Six sigma, 969, 990 Squaring shears, 424 Segmented teeth saw, 746 Size distribution, 461 Squeeze casting, 320 Selenium, 144 Sizing, 414, 473 Squeezing, 291 Self excited vibration, 548 Skin rolled, 384 Stability lobe diagram, 554 Self-checking, 996 Skin-dry mold, 293 Stability, 228 Self-opening , 798 Skip tooth saw blade, 745 Stabilizers, 170 Semi centrifugal casting, 323 Slab milling, 530, 656 Stack molding, 293 Semiconductor, 69 Slab, 382 Stack-of-cards model, 546 Semipermanent mold casting, 313 Slag, 269 Stagger-tooth milling cutter, 666 Semisolid casting, 320 Sliding bolster, 454 Stainless steel AISI designation, 132 Sensitation, 134 Slip casting, 349 Stainless steel, 132, 283 Sequence of operations, 8 Slip system, 63 Staking, 415 Service industries, 6 Slitting saw, 667 Standard deviation, 220, 973 Service production system, 3 Slitting, 424 Standards of measurement, 214 Setup reduction, 691 Slotter, 816 Stapling, 926 S-form chisel point drill, 633 Slush casting, 314 Static property, 30 Shake out, 287, 310 SMED, 691 Station, 5 Shallow drawing, 440 S-N curve, 44 Statistical process control, (SPC), 969, 982 Shank, 631 Snagging, 766 Steady rest, 624 Shaped-tube electrolytic machining, (STEM), 507 Snap gage, 244 Steel media, 943 Shaping, 17, 524, 531, 731, 812 Snap-fit fastener, 925 Steel, 79, 118, 283 Shaving, 425, 812, 813 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 125 Steel-rule die, 428 Shear angle, 539 Sodium silicate molding, 294 Stepped machining, 487 Shear force, 543 Soft baked, 496 Stepper, 496 Shear forming, 438 Solder balls, 498 Stick welding, 851 Shear front angle, 545 Solder metals, 911 Stiefel mill, 414 Shear plane area, 544 Soldered joints, design, 910 Stiffness, 32 Shear strain, 29, 546 Soldering fluxes, 911 Stocking cutting, 814 Shear strength, 920 Soldering, 19, 836, 909, 929 Stoichiometric compound, 79 Shear stress vs hardness, 545 Solders, 159, 912 Stone age, 1 Shear stress, 29, 544 Sol-gel processing, 349 Straddle milling, 667 Shear-cut broach, 740 Solid lathe center, 620 Straight polarity direct current, (SPDC), 850 Shearing operations, 421 Solid mandrel, 620 Straight sided press, 453, 454 Shearing, 15, 363, 539 Solid pattern, 285 Straight thread, 790 Sheet forming processes, 382 Solidification process, 266 Straightness, 241 Sheet hydroforming, 444 Solidification shrinkage, 266 Strain hardening exponent, 36 Sheet metal forming, 17 Solidification, 264 Strain hardening, 36, 64, 92, 374 Sheet stamping, 358 Solid-solution strengthening, 92 Strain hardening, coefficient, 374 Sheet, 382 Solidus, 75, 267 Strain rate, 36, 368, 523 Sheetmetal properties, 449 Solubility limit, 74 Strain sensing, 256 Sheet-molding compounds, 353 Solubility, 68 Strain, 29, 523 Shelf life, 21 Solvent cleaning, 947 Strap clamp, 694 Shell end mill, 665 Source inspection, 994 Strength to weight ratio, 190, 197 , 295 Spade drill, 639 Stress concentration, 279 Shell reamer, 652 Spark erosion, 511 Stress relaxation, 174 Shellac-bonded wheels, 764 Specific horsepower, 536 Stress relief, 838 Shielded metal arc welding, (SMAW), 851, 852 Specific stiffness, 186 Stress states, 364 Shop equations, 529 Speed analyzer, 551 Stress, 29 Shot blasting, 941 Speed and feeds, milling, 658 Stress-corrosion-cracking, 142 Shot peening, 416, 940, 964 Speed, 525, 550 Stress-relief anneal, 91 Shrink fit, 925 , sawing, 750 Stress-strain diagram, 31 Shrink rules, 276 Speeds and feeds, selection, 527 Stretch forming, 439 Shrinkage cavity, 269, 279 Speed-sensitive material, 368 Stretch-draw forming, 440 Shrinkage in castings, 272 Spheroidization, 91 Stretcher leveling, 437 Shrinkage, 837 Spin coating, 496 Stretcher strains, 375 SI units, 215 Spin welding, 928 Stretching operations, 422 Sialon, 181 Spindle finishing, 943 Stretching, 430 Side riser, 274 Spindle, 607, 645 Stretch-wrap, 440 Side-milling cutter, 666 Spinning, 342, 437 Stringers, 372 Sigma, 973 Spiral-fluted tap, 799 Strip, 382 Silica sand, 289 Split nut, 610, 795 Stripper plate, 426 Silica, 178 Split pattern, 285 Stripping, 485 Silicate bond, 764 Split-core box, 300 Stroke ratio, 731 Silicon carbide, (SiC), 181, 758, 943 Split-point drill, 634 Structural adhesives, 915, 919 dega-index-1001-1010-hr 1/17/07 12:24 PM Page 1009

Index 1009

Structure of materials, 28 Thermal expansion, 52, 903 True strain, 35 Structure, 763 Thermal fatigue, 317 True stress, 35 Stud welding, 858 Thermal methods, 256 True stress-true strain diagram, 734 Stylus profile device, 937 Thermal profile, 503 Truing, 766 Subland drill, 639 Thermal spray deposition, 900 T-slot milling cutter, 669 Sublimation, 72 Thermal spraying, 898 , 435 , (SAW), 851, 856 Thermit welding, (TW), 889 Tube drawing, 407 Subpress die, 427 Thermoforming, 340 Tube hydroforming, 445 Super alloys, 157 Thermomechanical processing, 388 Tube , 408 Super glue, 916 Thermoplastic, 165, 167, 335, 915 Tumble jig, 686 Super micrometer, 234 Thermoset, 335 Tungsten carbides, 568 Superabrasive grinding wheel, 764 Thermosetting plastic, 165 Tungsten inert gas welding, (TIG), 859 Superfinishing, 781 Thermosetting powder coating, 951 Turbulent flow, 271 Superheat, 267 Thermosetting, 915 Turning, 17, 524, 528, 598, 601 Superplastic sheet forming, 448 Thixo casting process, 322 Turret lathe cutting tools, 619 Supersaturated solid solution, 94 Thorium, 159 Turret lathe, 611 , milling, 663 Thread chasing, 798 Turret press, 454 processes, 965 Thread cutting CNC lathe, 797 Turret type drilling machine, 648 Surface grinder, 772 Thread cutting dies, 797 Turret type , 429 methods, 777 Thread cutting, 790 Turret-type milling machine, 670 Surface grinding, 757 Thread cutting, lathe, 795 Twist drill, 631 Surface hardening, 109 Thread designations, 794 Ultimate strength, 33 Surface hardness, 963 Thread grinding, 805 Ultimate tensile strength, 33 Surface integrity characteristics, 935 Thread milling, 803 Ultra-high-speed machining center, (UHDMC), 725 Surface integrity, 933, 961 Thread milling, NC, 804 Ultrasonic cleaning, 947 Surface mount technology, 498 Thread rolling, 387, 790, 805, 807 Ultrasonic impact grinding, 783 Surface plastic deformation, 962 Thread tapping, 798 Ultrasonic inspection, 250 Surface roughness vs manufacturing process, 939 Threading, 599, 790 Ultrasonic machining, (USM), 783 Surface roughness, 606, 828, 934, 937 Three-jaw chuck, 621 , (USW), 885, 927 Surface texture, 461, 962 Thrilling (drilling + threading), 805 Undercooling, 266 Surface tomography, 256 Throwaway insert cutting tool, 617 Underwater cutting torch, 848 Surface treatments P/M products, 475 Through-hole (TH) technology, 498, 499, 501 Uniaxial tensile test, 30 Surface treatments, 567 Thrust force, 629, 633 Unified thread standard, 791 Surfacing, 898 Tilt-pour permanent-mold casting, 315 Unilateral tolerance, 223 Sustaining technology, 2 Time 214 Unit cell, 59 , 398 Time-temperature-transformation, (TTT), diagram, 96 Unit power, 536 Swiss-type automatic screw machine, 613 Tin alloys, 158 Unit strain, 29 Sykes gear-generating machine, 818 Tin bronze, 141 Universal dividing head, 673 Syntectic, 78 TiN coated high speed steel, 566 Universal jig, 688 Tab-sequential format, 720 Tin coating, 953 Universal milling attachment, 673 Taguchi methods, 988 Tin-copper alloys, 911 Universal milling machine, 670 Taiichi Ohno, 727 Tinned coating, 913 Unpoloymerized plastic, 336 , 604, 607 Tin-zinc alloys, 911 Up grinding, 757 Tandem rolling mill, 386 alloys, 155 Up milling, 662 Tang, 634 Titanium carbide, 569, 579 Upper control limit, 983 Tangential force, 543 Titanium nitride, 579 Upper natural tolerance limit, 221 Tap, 798 Toggle clamp, 694 Upper specification limit, (USL), 973 Tape casting, 349 Toggle mechanism, 452 Upper yield point, 32 Tape-automated bonding (TAB), 497 Tolerance, 220 Upset forging, 389, 395 Taper reamer, 653 Tool failure, 582 , (UW), 897 Taper tap, 798 Tool grinder, 778 Upsetting, 848 Taper turning, 598 Tool life, 582, 587 Urethane, 917 Tapered thread, 790 Tool post, 732 Vacuum arc remelting, 122 Taper-shank, 632 Tool setting point, 717 Vacuum chuck, 696 Tapping, 790, 798 Tool steel AISI grades, 135 Vacuum evaporation, 581 Taylor tool life curve, 584 Tool steels, 134, 563, 565 Vacuum induction melting, 122 Taylor tool life equation, 584, 585 Tooling, 5, 9 Vacuum infiltration, 353 Temperature in hot working, 373 Toolmakers microscope, 235 Vacuum molding 297 Temperature, 214 Tool-post grinder, 605 Vacuum permanent-mold casting, 317 Temperature-composition diagram, 72 Tooth set, 745 Vacuum sintering, 468 Tempered glass, 348 Top riser, 274 Vacuum, 270 Tempering, 100 Torch brazing, 907 Vacuum-bag molding, 356 Tensile impact test, 44 Torch, 842 Valence electron, 57 Tensile strain, 29 Torpedo, 337 van der Waals force, 59 Tensile strength affect of strain rate, 48 Total indicator runout, (TIR), 634 Vapor degreasing, 947 Tensile strength affect of temperature, 48 Total quality control, (TQC), 969, 990 Vapor jacket, 105 Tensile strength vs. yield strength, 127 Toughness, 34, 42, 561 Vapor-phase reflow soldering, 913 Tensile strength, 33, 374 Tows, 353 Vapor-phase soldering, 504, 913 Tensile stress, 29 Toyota Motor Company, 727 Variability, 970 Terpolymer, 164 Toyota Production System, (TPS), 23 Variable mission manufacturing system, 710 Testing, 20, 213 Transfer die, 429 Variable pitch saw blade, 745 Textured surface, 959 Transfer molding, 337 Variable polarity, 850 Thermal arrest, 267 Transfer press, 454 Variables, 214 Thermal chemical machine, 520 Transformation-induced plasticity steel, (TRIP), 129 Variables, independent vs. dependent, 367 Thermal conductivity, 52, 140 Treatments, 9 Velocity diagram, 542 Thermal cutting processes, classification, 829 Trepanning , 637 Venting, 314 Thermal cutting, 828, 846 Tribology, 370 Vents, 266 Thermal deburring, 520 Trimming, 442 Vernier caliper, 230 Thermal decomposition, 462 Triple coated carbide tools, 571 Vertical broaching machine, 743 Thermal energy method, 520 True centrifugal casting, 322 Vertical lathe, 610 dega-index-1001-1010-hr 1/17/07 12:24 PM Page 1010

1010 Index

Vertical pit furnace, 113 Wave-set tooth saw, 746 Word-address format, 720 Vertical shaper, 734, 816 Waviness, 934 Work hardening, 64, 374 Vertical spindle milling machine, 660, 703 Wear resistance, 563 Workholder design criteria, 680 Vertically parted flaskless molding, 292 Wear, 370, 561 Workholder design principles, 682 Vias, 500 Weaving, 358 Workholders, 9, 677 Vibration in machine, 548 Web thinning, 634 Workholding device, 526 Vibration welding, 927 Web, 628 Workholding devices, , 619 Vibratory finishing, 943 Weld nugget, 872 configuration, 10 Vickers hardness test, 39 Weld pool, 833 Workpiece velocity, 757 Viscous flow glasses, 347 Weld pressure, 872 Worm gear, 812 Vision systems, 239 , 50, 839 Wrought alloys, 141 Vitrification, 347 Welding processes, classification, 829 Wrought aluminum alloys properties, table, 149 Vitrified bond, 764 Welding, 19, 827, 927, 928, 929 Wrought aluminum alloys, 147 Vixen-cut file, 751 Wet pressing, 348 Yarns, 353 V-process, 297 Wettability, 902 Wafer, 19 Wheel lathe, 610 Yield point, 31, 375 Warm compaction, 467 White cast iron, 84 Young's modulus, 32 Warm forming, 376 Wire bonding, 497 Zero reference point, 713 Water atomization, 462 Wire brushing, 945 Zinc alloys, 283 Water glass, 764 Wire drawing die, 409 Zinc based alloys, 154 Water jet machining, 360 Wire drawing machine, 409 Zinc, 313 Water-hardening tool steels, 135 Wire drawing, 408 Zinc-galvanized coating, 953 Waterjet cutting, (WJC), 784 Wire EDM, 511 Zirconia, 181 Wave soldering, 500, 912 Woodruff keyseat cutter, 669 Zirconium, 159