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Report for the Academic Year 2005-2006

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Report for the Academic Year 2005-2006 I NSTITUTE for ADVANCED STUDY REPORT FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2005–2006 PRINCETON • NEW JERSEY I N S T I T U T E for A D V A N C E D S T U D Y ________________________ R E P O R T F O R T H E A C A D E M I C Y E A R 2 0 0 5 – 2 0 0 6 EINSTEIN DRIVE PRINCETON · NEW JERSEY · 08540-0631 609-734-8000 609-924-8399 (Fax) www.ias.edu Extract from the letter addressed by the Institute’s Founders, Louis Bamberger and Caroline Bamberger Fuld, to the Board of Trustees, dated June 4, 1930. Newark, New Jersey. It is fundamental in our purpose, and our express desire, that in the appointments to the staff and faculty, as well as in the admission of workers and students, no account shall be taken, directly or indirectly, of race, religion, or sex. We feel strong- ly that the spirit characteristic of America at its noblest, above all the pursuit of higher learning, cannot admit of any condi- tions as to personnel other than those designed to promote the objects for which this institution is established, and particular- ly with no regard whatever to accidents of race, creed, or sex. TA B L E O F C O N TE N T S 4 · BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 7 · FOUNDERS, TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE BOARD AND OF THE CORPORATION 11 · PRESENT AND PAST DIRECTORS AND FACULTY 12 · ADMINISTRATION 17 · REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN 20 · REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 22 · OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR - RECORD OF EVENTS 27 · ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 41 · REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF HISTORICAL STUDIES 59 · REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS 77 · REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF NATURAL SCIENCES 103 · REPORT OF THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE 115 · REPORT OF THE SPECIAL PROGRAMS 135 · REPORT OF THE INSTITUTE LIBRARIES 139 · INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT 3 INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Institute for Advanced Study was founded in 1930 with a major gift from New Jersey businessman and philanthropist Louis Bamberger and his sister, Caroline Bamberger Fuld, who wished to use their fortunes to make a significant and lasting con- tribution to society. They sought the advice of educator Abraham Flexner, who devel- oped the concept of the Institute as a community of scholars whose primary purpose would be the pursuit of advanced learning and scholarly exploration. The Institute for Advanced Study has remained committed to its founding principle for more than seventy- five years and its record of definitive scholarship and scientific achievement is unsur- passed. The Institute fills a unique role in postgraduate education and scientific and scholarly research. As “the university to universities,” in the words of Trustee Vartan Gregorian, the Institute serves all colleges and universities by providing a place where scholars can hone their skills and do their best work, thereby adding substantially to their ability to contribute as both teachers and scholars to the academic institutions where they base their careers. For young scholars just entering the academic world, an opportunity to work at the Institute can set the direction for lifelong research interests and thereby determine professional careers. The Institute provides more mature scholars with the opportunity to take new directions in their research or to complete a major piece of work away from the many obligations of working life at a university. At a time when pure research and schol- arly activities are undervalued, the opportunities that the Institute provides have never been more needed. The Institute’s foremost objective is the advancement of knowledge and the deepening of understanding across a broad range of the humanities, sciences, and social sciences. One of the Institute’s unique strengths is its permanent Faculty of twenty-six eminent scholars whose broad interests and extensive ties to the larger academic world are reflect- ed in their own work and also in the guidance and direction they provide to the Institute’s visiting Members. The Faculty defines the major themes and questions which become the focus of each School’s seminars and other activities, and the Faculty selects and works closely with visiting Members. Small in number and organized in four Schools (Historical Studies, Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Social Science), the Faculty and Members can interact with one another without any departmental and disciplinary barriers. Each year the Institute awards fellowships to some 190 visiting Members from about one hundred universities and research institutions throughout the world. The Institute’s more than 5,000 former Members hold positions of intellectual and scientific leadership in the United States and abroad. Some twenty-one Nobel laureates, and thirty-four out of forty- eight Fields Medalists have been Institute Faculty or Members. Many winners of the Wolf or MacArthur prizes have also been affiliated with the Institute. The Institute does not receive income from tuition or fees. Resources for operations come from endowment income, grants from private foundations and government agencies, and gifts from corpo- rations and individuals. 4 “ with both formally and informally, hasprovidedme with bothformallyandinformally, I The intellectual community, which Ihaveengaged The intellectualcommunity, with theunpredictablebenefitsofnewcolleagues, fr esh perspectivesonmywork,andunmatched have foundtheenvironmentatInstituteto sustained, uninterruptedresearchandwriting. be unequaledinaffordingmeasemesterof intellectual curiosityandrigor.” — SchoolofNaturalSciences Member, DINAH KAZAKOFF F O UN D E R S , T R US T E E S A N D O F F I C E R S O F TH E B O A R D A N D O F TH E C O RP O R AT ION Founders LOUIS BAMBERGER CAROLINE BAMBERGER FULD Board and Corporate Officers JAMES D. WOLFENSOHN Chairman of the Board MARTIN L. LEIBOWITZ Vice Chairman of the Board RICHARD B. BLACK Vice Chairman of the Board CHARLES SIMONYI President of the Corporation BRIAN F. WRUBLE Treasurer of the Corporation NANCY S. MacMILLAN Secretary of the Corporation The Board of Trustees JAMES G. ARTHUR University Professor Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto Toronto, Canada JEFFREY P. BEZOS Founder and Chief Executive Officer Amazon.com, Inc. Seattle, Washington VICTORIA B. BJORKLUND Partner, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP New York, New York Trustee from May 6, 2006 RICHARD B. BLACK President and Chief Executive Officer, ECRM Incorporated Tewksbury, Massachusetts FERNANDO HENRIQUE CARDOSO Former President of Brazil Brasília, Brazil Trustee through December 31, 2005 7 MARTIN A. CHOOLJIAN President, CH Capital Corporation Princeton, New Jersey W. ROBERT CONNOR President, Teagle Foundation New York, New York Trustee through June 30, 2006 MARIO DRAGHI Governor, Bank of Italy Rome, Italy ROGER W. FERGUSON, Jr. Chairman, Swiss Re America Holding Corporation Washington, D.C. PETER L. GALISON Mallinckrodt Professor of the History of Science and of Physics Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts PETER GODDARD Director, Institute for Advanced Study Princeton, New Jersey VARTAN GREGORIAN President, Carnegie Corporation of New York New York, New York PETER R. KANN Chairman, Dow Jones & Company, Incorporated New York, New York IMMANUEL KOHN Senior Counsel, Cahill Gordon & Reindel New York, New York FLORIAN LANGENSCHEIDT Author and Publisher Munich, Germany Trustee from May 6, 2006 MARTIN L. LEIBOWITZ Managing Director, Morgan Stanley New York, New York DAVID K.P. LI Chairman and Chief Executive The Bank of East Asia, Limited Hong Kong, China 8 NANCY S. MacMILLAN Publisher, Princeton Alumni Weekly Princeton, New Jersey DAVID F. MARQUARDT Managing Partner, August Capital Menlo Park, California NANCY B. PERETSMAN Executive Vice President & Managing Director Allen & Co. New York, New York MARTIN REES Professor of Cosmology and Astrophysics Master of Trinity College, University of Cambridge Cambridge, England DAVID M. RUBENSTEIN Founding Partner and Managing Director The Carlyle Group Washington, D.C. Trustee from October 29, 2005 JAMES J. SCHIRO Chief Executive Officer, Zurich Financial Services Zurich, Switzerland RONALDO H. SCHMITZ Former Member of the Board of Managing Directors Deutsche Bank AG Frankfurt, Germany JAMES H. SIMONS President, Renaissance Technologies Corporation New York, New York CHARLES SIMONYI President and Chief Executive Officer, Intentional Software Corporation Bellevue, Washington ANDREW STROMINGER Professor of Physics, Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts PETER SVENNILSON President, Three Crowns Capital (Research) Ltd. London, England SHELBY WHITE New York, New York 9 MARINA v.N. WHITMAN Professor, Business Administration and Public Policy Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan JAMES D. WOLFENSOHN Chairman, Wolfensohn & Company, L.L.C. New York, New York BRIAN F. WRUBLE General Partner, Odyssey Partners, L.P. New York, New York Trustees Emeriti THEODORE L. CROSS HELENE L. KAPLAN DONALD B. STRAUS SIDNEY D. DRELL HAMISH MAXWELL MICHEL L. VAILLAUD WILFRIED GUTH MARTIN E. SEGAL LADISLAUS von HOFFMANN RALPH E. HANSMANN 10 PRESENT AND PAST DIRECTORS (1930-2006) (in order of service) ABRAHAM FLEXNER · FRANK AYDELOTTE J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER · CARL KAYSEN · HARRY WOOLF MARVIN L. GOLDBERGER · PHILLIP A. GRIFFITHS · PETER GODDARD PRESENT AND PAST FACULTY (current Faculty and Faculty Emeriti are in bold) STEPHEN L. ADLER · JAMES W. ALEXANDER · ANDREW E. Z. ALFÖLDI MICHAEL F. ATIYAH · JOHN N. BAHCALL · ARNE K. A. BEURLING YVE-ALAIN BOIS · ENRICO BOMBIERI · ARMAND BOREL JEAN BOURGAIN · GLEN W. BOWERSOCK · CAROLINE WALKER BYNUM LUIS A. CAFFARELLI · HAROLD F. CHERNISS · MARSHALL CLAGETT GILES CONSTABLE · PATRICIA CRONE · JOSÉ CUTILEIRO ROGER F. DASHEN · PIERRE DELIGNE · NICOLA DI COSMO FREEMAN J. DYSON · EDWARD M. EARLE · ALBERT EINSTEIN JOHN H. ELLIOTT · CLIFFORD GEERTZ · FELIX GILBERT JAMES F. GILLIAM · KURT GÖDEL · HETTY GOLDMAN PETER GOLDREICH · OLEG GRABAR · PHILLIP A. GRIFFITHS CHRISTIAN HABICHT · HARISH-CHANDRA · ERNST HERZFELD ALBERT O. HIRSCHMAN · LARS V. HÖRMANDER · PIET HUT JONATHAN ISRAEL · ERNST H. KANTOROWICZ · GEORGE F. KENNAN ROBERT P. LANGLANDS · IRVING LAVIN · T. D. LEE · ARNOLD J. LEVINE ELIAS A. LOWE · ROBERT MacPHERSON · JUAN MALDACENA ERIC S. MASKIN · JACK F. MATLOCK, Jr. · MILLARD MEISS BENJAMIN D. MERITT · JOHN W.
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