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Acute, Sub-Chronic and Chronic Toxicity) of Industrial Taif Rose Water By-Product in Mice
Available online a t www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2015, 7 (2):251-259 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-5071 USA CODEN: DPLEB4 Total phenolic, in vitro antioxidant activity and safety assessment (Acute, sub-chronic and chronic toxicity) of industrial Taif rose water by-product in mice El-Sayed S. Abdel-Hameed 1-3*, Salih A. Bazaid 1 and Abdel Nasser A. Sabra 4 1Natural Products Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia 3Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt 4Laboratory of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The by-products or residues of agriculture industries have been taken more attention for their valuable source of natural antioxidants in recent decades. In this work, the Taif rose water by-product obtained after hydro-distillation of Taif rose (Rosa damascena trigintipetala Dieck) was investigated for its biological and phytochemical properties. The results showed that the Taif rose water byproduct had free radical scavenging activity toward artificial 1,1- • diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH ) radical with SC 50 = 23.72±0.36 µg/ml and also had high antioxidant capacity (329.53±18.75 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry extract) and reducing power activity (211.31±2.79 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry extract). Phenolic compounds are the major components and the antioxidant properties were attributed to them. The direct infusion ESI(-ve)-MS analyses of Taif rose water by-product showed the presence of phenolic compounds belonging to hydrolysable tannins and flavonoids. -
General Awareness Questions May 2017
www.leadthecompetition.in GENERAL AWARENESS QUESTIONS POSTED IN MAY 2017 1. Rodrigo Duterte is the President of a.Indonesia b. Philippines c. Thailand d. Singapore 2. Monazite sand in India is a rich source of a. Thorium b. Platinum c. Uranium d. Gold 3. Nelumbo nucifera is India's a. National tree b. National fruit c. National bird d. National flower 4. Guru Gobind Singh died at which of the following places? a. Patna b. Amritsar c. Nanded d. Anandpur 5. Vasco da Gama reached Indian in the year a. 1498 b. 1496 c. 1494 d. 1492 6. Which is the most malleable and ductile metal? a. Gold b. Silver c. Platinum d. Aluminium 7. Snellen chart is used by a. Astronomers b. Optometrists c. Sailors d. Pilots 8. Which of these is endemic to Western Ghats? a. Hangul b. Hoolock Gibbon c. Sloth Bear d. Liontailed Macaque 9. Abdul Kalam island was previously known as a. Sagar island b. Salsette island c. Wheeler island d. Havelock island 10. Corruption Perception Index is published by a. Transparency International b. World Trade Organisation c. International Monetary Fund d. World Bank 11. Oceanic pole of inaccessibility (Point Nemo) is located in the a. Indian Ocean b. Arctic Ocean c. Atlantic Ocean d. Pacific Ocean 12. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an inert gas are a. eight b. six c. four d. two 13. Olympus mons is a mountain located on which planet? a. Venus b. Mars c. Jupiter d. Saturn 14. Which tournament is referred to as Roland Garros? a. -
Antimicrobial Activity of Tulsi (Ocimum Tenuiflorum) Essential Oil
fmicb-07-00681 May 12, 2016 Time: 16:34 # 1 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Frontiers - Publisher Connector ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 17 May 2016 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00681 Antimicrobial Activity of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) Essential Oil and Their Major Constituents against Three Species of Bacteria Hanaa A. Yamani1,2, Edwin C. Pang1, Nitin Mantri1* and Margaret A. Deighton1 1 School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 2 Biology, Section Microbiology, School of Applied Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia In recent years scientists worldwide have realized that the effective life span of any antimicrobial agent is limited, due to increasing development of resistance by microorganisms. Consequently, numerous studies have been conducted to find new alternative sources of antimicrobial agents, especially from plants. The aims of this project were to examine the antimicrobial properties of essential oils distilled from Australian-grown Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), to quantify the volatile components present in flower spikes, leaves and the essential oil, and to investigate the compounds responsible for any activity. Broth micro-dilution was used to determine the minimum Edited by: Yuji Morita, inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Tulsi essential oil against selected microbial pathogens. Aichi Gakuin University, Japan The oils, at concentrations of 4.5 and 2.25% completely inhibited the growth Reviewed by: of Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA) and Escherichia coli, while the same Osmar Nascimento Silva, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Brazil concentrations only partly inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Of 54 J. -
Tamarind 1990 - 2004
Tamarind 1990 - 2004 Author A. K. A. Dandjouma, C. Tchiegang, C. Kapseu and R. Ndjouenkeu Title Ricinodendron heudelotii (Bail.) Pierre ex Pax seeds treatments influence on the q Year 2004 Source title Rivista Italiana delle Sostanze Grasse Reference 81(5): 299-303 Abstract The effects of heating Ricinodendron heudelotii seeds on the quality of the oil extracted was studied. The seeds were preheated by dry and wet methods at three temperatures (50, 70 and 90 degrees C) for 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes. The oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method with hexane. The results showed a significant change in oil acid value when heated at 90 degrees C for 60 minutes, with values of 2.76+or-0.18 for the dry method and 2.90+or-0.14 for the wet method. Heating at the same conditions yielded peroxide values of 10.70+or-0.03 for the dry method and 11.95+or-0.08 for the wet method. Author A. L. Khandare, U. Kumar P, R. G. Shanker, K. Venkaiah and N. Lakshmaiah Title Additional beneficial effect of tamarind ingestion over defluoridated water supply Year 2004 Source title Nutrition Reference 20(5): 433-436 Abstract Objective: We evaluated the effect of tamarind (Tamarindus indicus) on ingestion and whether it provides additional beneficial effects on mobilization of fluoride from the bone after children are provided defluoridated water. Methods: A randomized, diet control study was conducted in 30 subjects from a fluoride endemic area after significantly decreasing urinary fluoride excretion by supplying defluoridated water for 2 wk. -
Optimization of Microwave Assisted Process for Extraction of Celery Seed Essential Oil Gopika Talwari1 and B.S
Gopika Talwari and B.S. Ghuman JAE : 51 (2) Journal of Agricultural Engineering Vol. 51 (2): April-June, 2014 Optimization of Microwave Assisted Process for Extraction of Celery Seed Essential Oil Gopika Talwari1 and B.S. Ghuman2 Manuscript received: March, 2013 Revised manuscript accepted: April, 2014 ABSTRACT Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method was developed for extraction of essential oil from celery seeds. A domestic microwave oven was modified and Clevenger apparatus attached to it to make it an extraction unit. Effect of various parameters such as soaking time, temperature and power density during MAE was studied. A multivariate study based on a Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the influence of three major variables (soaking time, temperature and power density) affecting the performance of MAE on celery seed. Oil yield, time of extraction and energy consumption (MJ.kg-1 oil) by MAE were determined and compared with those obtained by the traditional hydro-distillation (HD). It was found that microwave assisted process gave approximately same oil yield (1.90%) in less time ( 93.5 min) and with low energy consumption (58191.78 MJ.kg-1 oil). Results revealed that the selected parameters had significant effect on the responses. Key words: Celery seed, essential oil, microwave assisted extraction, hydro distillation Essential oils are the volatile oils distilled from aromatic an average contains 2.5% volatile oil containing 60-70% plant material. Essential oils are contained in the glands, d-limonene and 1-20% beta selinene and 15%–17% fixed sacs and veins concentrated in different parts of the plant. oil. -
The Following Carcinogenic Essential Oils Should Not Be Used In
Aromatherapy Undiluted- Safety and Ethics Copyright © Tony Burfield and Sylla Sheppard-Hanger (2005) [modified from a previous article “A Brief Safety Guidance on Essential Oils” written for IFA, Sept 2004]. Intro In the last 20 years aromatherapy has spread its influence to the household, toiletries and personal care areas: consumer products claiming to relax or invigorate our psyche’s have invaded our bathrooms, kitchen and living room areas. The numbers of therapists using essential oils in Europe and the USA has grown from a handful in the early 1980’s to thousands now worldwide. We have had time to add to our bank of knowledge on essential oils from reflecting on many decades of aromatherapeutic development and history, the collection of anecdotal information from practicing therapists, as well as from clinical & scientific investigations. We have also had enough time to consider the risks in employing essential oils in therapy. In the last twenty years, many more people have had accidents, been ‘burnt’, developed rashes, become allergic, and become sensitized to our beloved tools. Why is this? In this paper, we hope to shed light on this issue, clarify current safety findings, and discuss how Aromatherapists and those in the aromatherapy trade (suppliers, spas, etc.) can interpret this data for continued safe practice. After a refresher on current safety issues including carcinogenic and toxic oils, irritant and photo-toxic oils, we will look at allergens, oils without formal testing, pregnancy issues and medication interactions. We will address the increasing numbers of cases of sensitization and the effect of diluting essential oils. -
Thesis Final Edition
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Curcuma zedoaria Curcuma zedoaria is a starchy rhizomatous/tuberous from the Zingiberaceae family (table 1.1), commonly known as ginger family. “Ginger” is a general term for members or species of the ginger families. “Curcuma” is the genus name of the rhizomatous herb, of Zingiberaceae. The name was first given by the Linnaeus species Plantarum from the Arabic term meaning yellow colour, probably referring to the colour of the rhizomes (Govindarajan, 1980). Taxonomic classification of Curcuma zedoaria Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Viridaeplantae Phylum Tracheophyta Division Magnoliophyta Class Liliopsida Super order Zingiberanae Order Zingiberales Family Zingiberales Genus Curcuma Curcuma zedoaria Species Common Name Zedoary Table 1.1 Taxonomic classification of Curcuma zedoaria 1 Chapter 1 1.1.1. Description and distribution Curcuma zedoaria is locally known as “kunyit putih” or “temu putih”. It is able to grow up to one and half meters or even more. The leaves are around eighty centimetres long and they usually have a purple-brown flush along the midrib on both surfaces of the leaf. The rhizomes are frequently confused with those of Curcuma aeruginosa because both are of a similar colour (yellow). However, they can be distinguished easily by conducting a cross section on the rhizomes of the mature plants of Curcuma aeruginosa which are slightly dark purplish. In comparison, the colour of the rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria is pale yellow or white. The rhizomes of Curcuma aeruginosa are highly aromatic due to the high amount of 1, 8-cineol as 25.20% (Ibrahim et al. 2003). Curcuma zedoaria grows mainly in the East-Asian countries including China (called Er- chu in Chinese), Vietnam, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia (can be found at Kuala Selangor, Teluk Intan; Perak, Labis; Johor, and Pahang) and Japan (Islam et al. -
Juniperus Communis L.) Essential Oil
Antioxidants 2014, 3, 81-98; doi:10.3390/antiox3010081 OPEN ACCESS antioxidants ISSN 2076-3921 www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidants Article Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Juniper Berry (Juniperus communis L.) Essential Oil. Action of the Essential Oil on the Antioxidant Protection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Model Organism Martina Höferl 1,*, Ivanka Stoilova 2, Erich Schmidt 1, Jürgen Wanner 3, Leopold Jirovetz 1, Dora Trifonova 2, Lutsian Krastev 4 and Albert Krastanov 2 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; E-Mails: [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (L.J.) 2 Department Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria; E-Mails: [email protected] (I.S.); [email protected] (D.T.); [email protected] (A.K.) 3 Kurt Kitzing Co., Wallerstein 86757, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 University Laboratory for Food Analyses, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-1-4277-55555; Fax: +43-1-4277-855555. Received: 11 December 2013; in revised form: 26 January 2014 / Accepted: 28 January 2014 / Published: 24 February 2014 Abstract: The essential oil of juniper berries (Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae) is traditionally used for medicinal and flavoring purposes. As elucidated by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS methods), the juniper berry oil from Bulgaria is largely comprised of monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α-pinene (51.4%), myrcene (8.3%), sabinene (5.8%), limonene (5.1%) and β-pinene (5.0%). -
Chemical Composition and Product Quality Control of Turmeric
Stephen F. Austin State University SFA ScholarWorks Faculty Publications Agriculture 2011 Chemical composition and product quality control of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Shiyou Li Stephen F Austin State University, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, [email protected] Wei Yuan Stephen F Austin State University, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, [email protected] Guangrui Deng Ping Wang Stephen F Austin State University, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, [email protected] Peiying Yang See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/agriculture_facultypubs Part of the Natural Products Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Commons, and the Pharmaceutical Preparations Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation Li, Shiyou; Yuan, Wei; Deng, Guangrui; Wang, Ping; Yang, Peiying; and Aggarwal, Bharat, "Chemical composition and product quality control of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)" (2011). Faculty Publications. Paper 1. http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/agriculture_facultypubs/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Agriculture at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Shiyou Li, Wei Yuan, Guangrui Deng, Ping Wang, Peiying Yang, and Bharat Aggarwal This article is available at SFA ScholarWorks: http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/agriculture_facultypubs/1 28 Pharmaceutical Crops, 2011, 2, 28-54 Open Access Chemical Composition and Product Quality Control of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) ,1 1 1 1 2 3 Shiyou Li* , Wei Yuan , Guangrui Deng , Ping Wang , Peiying Yang and Bharat B. Aggarwal 1National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. -
Potential Control of Postharvest Gray Mold of Pomegranate Fruits Caused by Botrytis Cinerea
11 Env. Biodiv. Soil Security Vol.1, pp. 145- 156 (2017) Potential Control of Postharvest Gray Mold of Pomegranate Fruits Caused by Botrytis Cinerea Samar A. Allam1, Gabr A. Elkot2, Abdelnaser A. Elzaawely1* and Hassan M. El-Zahaby1 1*Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, and 2Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt . RAY mold rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most economically significant Gpostharvest diseases in pomegranate fruits. The aim of the current study is to evaluate Mangifera indica, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum majorana, Salix mucronata, Cinnamomum cassia and Zingiber officinale extracts and biocontrol agents for controlling gray mold disease on pomegranate. In vitro results showed that T. vulgaris (T.v), C. cassia (C.c) and Z. officinale (Z.o) extracts possessed highly significant antifungal activities as they completely inhibited the radial growth of B. cinerea at the concentrations of 30000, 20000 and 30000 ppm, respectively. The combination of the aforementioned plant extracts and fungicide Flusilazole (Flu) overcomes the potency of Flu or the plant extracts alone specially C.c+Flu at the rate of (2:1; v/v) since it inhibited the radial growth of B. cinerea with 89.6% inhibition compared to the control. The study also proved that using the aforementioned plant extracts alone or in combination with Flu as well as the bacterial antagonists (Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas fluorescens) significantly reduced the loss in fruit weight. Furthermore, they also prolonged the storage period of pomegranate fruits and maintained high-quality parameters including soluble solids content and titratable acidity after cold storage at 5±1°C and 90% RH. -
A Broad Spectrum Activity of Abhal (Juniperus Communis) with Special Reference to Unani System of Medicine
© 2021 JETIR March 2021, Volume 8, Issue 3 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) A Broad Spectrum Activity of Abhal (Juniperus communis) with Special Reference to Unani System of Medicine. A Review * Dr. Aafiya Nargis 1, Dr. Ansari Bilquees Mohammad Yunus 2, Dr. Sharique Zohaib 3, Dr. Qutbuddin Shaikh 4, Dr. Naeem Ahmed Shaikh 5 *1 Associate Professor (HOD) Dept. of Niswan wa Qabalat, Mohammadia Tibbia College, Mansoora, Malegaon 2 Associate professor, Dept. Tashreeh ul Badan, Mohammadia Tibbia College, Mansoora, Malegaon. 3 Associate Professor (HOD) Dept. of Saidla, Mohammadia Tibbia College, Manssoora, Malegaon 4 Professor (HOD), Dept. of Tahaffuzi wa Samaji Tibb, Markaz Unani Medical College and Hospital. Kozhikode. 5 Professor (HOD), Dept. of Ain, Uzn, Anf, Halaq wa Asnan, Markaz Unani Medical College and Hospital. Kozhikode. Abstract:- Juniperus communis is a shrub or small evergreen tree, native to Europe, South Asia, and North America, and belongs to family Cupressaceae. It has been widely used as herbal medicine from ancient time. Traditionally the plant is being potentially used as antidiarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, astringent, and antiseptic and in the treatment of various abdominal disorders. The main chemical constituents, which were reported in J. communis L. are 훼-pinene, 훽-pinene, apigenin, sabinene, 훽-sitosterol, campesterol, limonene, cupressuflavone, and many others Juniperus communis L. (Abhal) is an evergreen aromatic shrub with high therapeutic potential in human diseases. This plant is loaded with nutrition and is rich in aromatic oils and their concentration differ in different parts of the plant (berries, leaves, aerial parts, and root). The fruit berries contain essential oil, invert sugars, resin, catechin , organic acid, terpenic acids, leucoanthocyanidin besides bitter compound (Juniperine), flavonoids, tannins, gums, lignins, wax, etc. -
Medicinal Practices of Sacred Natural Sites: a Socio-Religious Approach for Successful Implementation of Primary
Medicinal practices of sacred natural sites: a socio-religious approach for successful implementation of primary healthcare services Rajasri Ray and Avik Ray Review Correspondence Abstract Rajasri Ray*, Avik Ray Centre for studies in Ethnobiology, Biodiversity and Background: Sacred groves are model systems that Sustainability (CEiBa), Malda - 732103, West have the potential to contribute to rural healthcare Bengal, India owing to their medicinal floral diversity and strong social acceptance. *Corresponding Author: Rajasri Ray; [email protected] Methods: We examined this idea employing ethnomedicinal plants and their application Ethnobotany Research & Applications documented from sacred groves across India. A total 20:34 (2020) of 65 published documents were shortlisted for the Key words: AYUSH; Ethnomedicine; Medicinal plant; preparation of database and statistical analysis. Sacred grove; Spatial fidelity; Tropical diseases Standard ethnobotanical indices and mapping were used to capture the current trend. Background Results: A total of 1247 species from 152 families Human-nature interaction has been long entwined in has been documented for use against eighteen the history of humanity. Apart from deriving natural categories of diseases common in tropical and sub- resources, humans have a deep rooted tradition of tropical landscapes. Though the reported species venerating nature which is extensively observed are clustered around a few widely distributed across continents (Verschuuren 2010). The tradition families, 71% of them are uniquely represented from has attracted attention of researchers and policy- any single biogeographic region. The use of multiple makers for its impact on local ecological and socio- species in treating an ailment, high use value of the economic dynamics. Ethnomedicine that emanated popular plants, and cross-community similarity in from this tradition, deals health issues with nature- disease treatment reflects rich community wisdom to derived resources.