Crusader Art in the From the to the Fall of Acre, 1187-1291

Index of Personal Proper Names

Note: A manuscript index arranged by repository name is to be found at the end of the printed work

Abaga Il-Khan (son of Hulagu), 264, 265 alliance against Kalavun, 379, 380 death of, 380 delegation to Gregory X, 375 Edward’s embassy to, 374 embassy to Crusaders, 380 and Hospitallers, 379 Abel, F.-M., 7, 515, 678n5 Abraham hospitality of, 420, 422, fig. 248 Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, 663n456 Abu al Khayr, 52 Abu‘l-Fadl, 478–79, 672n684 Abu‘l-Fida, 385, 386, 484, 488, 646n10 Abu‘l-Mahasin, 488, 646n10 Abulafia, David, 597n64 Abu Mansour, 6 Abu Sal’us, 489 Abu Shama, 113, 586n67 Adam of Caffran, 488 al-Adil I, Saif ad-Din, sultan (1200-1218) conflict with Bohemond IV, 108 death of, 112 deposition of, 165 diplomacy of, 51 in , 110 at , 63 negotiations with Richard treaties, 110, 584n9 with Aimery II, 51, 59, 67–68, 74, 102, 574n37(Baltimore, Walters Art Museum, MS 539

July 11, 2006 2

with John of Brienne, 105 al-Adil II, Saif ad-Din, sultan (1238-1240), 163 al-Afdal, Nur ad-Din, son of loyalty oaths to, 57, 573n11 Mosque of, 566n37 Aimery I, king of See Aimery II, king of Aimery II, king of Latin Jerusalem (1197-1205), 57, 575n71 attack on , 67 coinage of, 30, 46, 83, 104, fig. 10 of, 60, 574nn32,36 death of, 68, 74 and earthquake of 1202, 62–63 and , 67, 74 leadership ability of, 59 marriage to Isabel, 59, 574nn27–28,32 military activities of, 63 raid on Egypt, 576n90 reign over Cyprus, 58 treaty with al-Adil, 59, 67–68, 74, 103, 574n37 Aimery, patriarch of , 35 Raynauld’s abuse of, 346, 348, 496 Aimery of , patriarch of Jerusalem, 29, 572n292 death of, 73 Aimery de Lusignan See Aimery II, king of Latin Jerusalem ‘Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Sawabi, emir, 673n63 Albert III of Hapsburg, 578n222 Albert of Rizzato, patriarch of Antioch, 173 Albert of Vercelli, patriarch of Jerusalem, 73, 75 and Antiochene succession, 108 Augustinian training of, 101 and Carmelites, 199, 200 death of, 108 Alberto Sotio painted cross of, 491, 674n102 Alenard of Senaingan, 617n181 Alexander IV, (1254-1261), 304, 619n247 Alexander the Great, 401, 411 Alexius III Angelus, emperor of (1195-1203), 64 flight of, 68 and Innocent III, 576n97 Alexius IV Angelus, co-emperor of Constantinople (1203-1204), 59 coronation of, 68 in Fourth Crusade, 64, 65–67 Saladin’s release of, 36 Alexius V Mourtzouphlus, emperor of Constantinople (1204), 72 coronation of, 68, 69

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Alfonso X el Sabio, king of Castile (1252-1284), 407 ‘Ali al’Majnun, Sheikh, 648n87 Alice (daughter of Sibylla) death of, 37 Alice, countess of Blois, 650n157 Alice of Armenia, 108 Alice of Brittany, 652n273 Crusader vow of, 396 (daughter of Isabel of Jerusalem) marriage to Hugh of Cyprus, 58, 579n270 regency of, 152, 168–69, 595n157, 601n234 Alice of death of, 160 marriage to Henry I, 156, 160 Alphonse of , 239, 244, 245 Amalric I, king of Latin Jerusalem (1163-1174), 60, 62, 74 coinage of 47, 514 Amaury, king of Latin Jerusalem, see Amalric I, king of Latin Jerusalem Amaury Barlais, 160 baillage of, 155 Amaury of Bethsan, 155 Amaury of Lusignan, 385 Amaury of Montfort, 601n211 imprisonment of, 166 in Thibaut’s Crusade, 164 Ambrosius, bishop of Milan, 582n363 Andrea, Alfred J., 579n247 Andrew II, king of Hungary (1205-1235) in Fifth Crusade, 110, 111, 586n71 relics obtained by, 111, 141 Andrew III, king of Hungary (1290-1301) diptych of, 344, 441, 443 Andrew de Chavigny, 42 Andrew of Longjumeau, 237, 251, 613n56, 618n198 Andronicus, emperor of Constantinople, 36 Antiochus VII, 415 Antipas, icons of, 442, 445, 458, fig. 268 Il-Khan, 380 embassy to West, 384–85, 650n159 Armand de Périgord, 170 at La Forbie, 171–72 al-Ashraf Musa, 151, 162 death of, 599n145 al-Ashraf Khalil, sultan (1290-1293), 672n13 of, 507 attack on Tyre, 488 jailing of Crusaders, 484, 672n13

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renovations of, 489 siege machines of, 484 , 484–89 Aspra-Vardavakis, Mary, 447 on St. Procopios/Virgin Kykkotissa diptych, 449, 450, 452, 668n563, 669n576 Assaut, Master, 8 Augustine, Saint, 613n15 Ayalon, David, 649n121 Aybeg ( co-sultan, 1250-1252), 244 death of, 256 truce with Louis IX, 247, 248, 249, 254 Ayyub, sultan See al-Salih Ayyub (sultan)

Bagatti, Bellarmino, 563n144 Baha ad-Din, 39, 50–51 Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, 37 Baldwin I, emperor of Latin Empire (1204-1205), 70 coronation of, 73 vassals of, 73 Baldwin II, emperor of Latin Empire (1237-1261), 162 marriage with Marie de Brienne, 158, 597n80 payment for relics, 235 Baldwin I, king of Latin Jerusalem (1100-1118), 60, 573n9 Baldwin II, king of Latin Jerusalem (1118-1131), 599n133 Baldwin III, king of Latin Jerusalem (1143-1163), 573n9, 628n552 coinage of, 104, 514 manuscripts of, 407 Baldwin IV, king of Latin Jerusalem (1174-1185), 46, 52 death of, 573n9 defense of Chastelet, 189 in History of Outremer, 496 leprosy of, 383 Baldwin V, king of Latin Jerusalem (1185-1186), 46, 573n9 funeral of, 599n133 Baldwin IX of Flanders See Baldwin I, emperor of Latin Empire Balian Grenier coinage of, fig. 40 Balian, lord of (1236-1247), 167 and Conrad’s majority, 168–69 , 169 Balian II, lord of Ibelin (1187-1193) bailliage of, 376 emergency coinage of, 29, 30, 46, 146 resistance to Saladin, 26 surrender of Jerusalem, 22, 24 Balian of (1204-1240), 107, 165, 380

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bailliage of Acre, 162 embassy to al-Kamil, 153 in Lombard War, 158, 159, 597n90 siege of Acre hospital, 168 Baraka Khan, emir of Kerak, 378 Barber, Malcolm, 134, 592n307, 681n153 Bartholomew, bishop of Tortosa, 383–84 Bartholomew of Cremona, 251 Bartholomew Pisan, 484 Basil (artist), 508, 519, 678n59 Basil, Saint icons of, fig. 284 Basil of Aleppo, 6 Bates, Michael L., 205 Baybars (an-Nasir Rukn ad-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari), sultan (1260-1277), 163, 164 alliance with Bereke Khan, 262, 263 ambition of, 270 annexation of Nubia, 376 at ‘Atlit, 131 attack on Acre, 262, 264, 266, 267 attack on Antioch, 261, 265, 267, 268, 369 attack on Caesarea, 263, 264, 273, 622n377 attack on Tripoli, 265–66, 267 belief in astrology, 377 capture of Assassins’ , 376 capture of Beaufort, 266–67 capture of Crac, 4, 17, 372–73, 393, 580n293 capture of , 264 capture of Montfort, 151 capture of relics, 266 capture of , 264–65, 621n339 capture of , 59, 265 and Charles of , 371, 376 at Chastel Blanc, 372 control of , 265 Crusader perception of, 620n292 death and burial, 377, 394, 648nn96–97 defeat of Kitbogha, 324, 620n287 defeat of Templars, 264 destruction of Ascalon, 15 destruction of Church of the Annunciation, 28, 249 destruction of fortifications, 270, 272 destruction of Jaffa, 16, 266, 282 diplomatic gifts of, 620n299 diplomacy of, 261, 266 and Edward of England, 374 hajj to Mecca, 369, 636n2 historiography of, 620n291

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holy sites under, 261 influence of Mongol culture on, 648n92 intelligence gathering by, 263 at Jerusalem, 262 Koran of, 262–63 in Latin Kingdom, 258–68 at Lattakia, 377 leadership quality of, 377 letter to Bohemond VI, 267, 369, 647n34 mosque of (), 266, 621nn355–56 patronage by, 377 scorched-earth policy of, 265 and Seljuk Turks, 262 threat to Crusader art, 268, 270 tomb of, 648n96 treaty with Hospitallers, 266, 621n350, 646n6 treaty with Isabel of Beirut, 369, 375 truce of 1272, 374, 383–84, 647nn53,55 truce with Bohemond VI, 374 truce with , 273 truce with Hugh II, 374, 375 truce with Lady Isabel, 646n2 use of forged letters, 647n34 Baybars, emir at La Forbie, 171, 599n157, 602n262 Baybars al-Mansuri, 485 Baynes, Norman, 579n243 Beddie, J. S., 654n339 Beech, George, 581n351 Belting, Hans, 16–17, 301, 521 lingua franca concept of, 516–17, 520 on maniera greca, 517 on Venetian influence, 522 Benedetto Zaccaria, 384, 385, 650n175 Benedict of Alignan, 264, 270 and construction of Safed, 184, 274, 275, 276, 600n188, 603n300, 621n337 pilgrimage of, 176–77 Benvenisti, Meron, 15 Benoît de Sainte-Maure, 345 Berczelly, Laszlo, 623n428 Bereke Khan, 261 and Abaga, 264 alliance with Baybars, 262, 263 death of, 265 Berengaria, wife of Richard I, 38, 40 Berger, Samuel, 286, 305, 625n463, 626n483 on mendicant orders, 630n593 Bernard d’Acre, 403, 478

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Bernard de Chemin, 396 Bernard of Clairvaux De laude novae militae, 402 Bernard of Montmajour, 484 Beugnot, count Auguste-Arthur, 612n6 Biddle, Martin, 524, 681n131 Blanche of Castile, queen of (1223-1252), 235 death of, 250, 252, 618n213 at Louis IX’s departure, 232–34 patronage of manuscripts, 249, 288 regency of, 233, 244, 248, 617n150 Boas, Adrian J., 15 on Acre, 622n387 on ceramics, 474 Jerusalem in the Time of the , 681n125 on material culture, 16 on minor arts, 469 on textiles, 476 Boase, Thomas Sherrer Ross, 12–13, 511, 563n121 on ‘Atlit, 127 on Crusader art, 515–16, 679nn57–58 Bober, Harry, 616n122 Bohemond I of Antioch (1099-1111) Banner of, 642n879 Bohemond III of Antioch (1163-1201) death of, 62, 63 and Levon II, 58–59 truce with Saladin, 29, 573n1 Bohemond IV of Antioch (1201-1216), 58, 63, 169 alliance with az-Zahir, 75 conflict with al-Adil, 108 control of Antioch, 117–18 excommunication of, 75, 117 and Fifth Crusade, 110 and Innocent III, 75 in Lombard War, 160 marriage to Melisend, 586n74 Bohemond V of Antioch (1233-1252) after fall of Jerusalem, 173 aid from Louis IX, 237 death of, 250 residence in Tripoli, 243 Bohemond VI of Antioch (1252-1268), count of Tripoli (1252-1275), 250 action against , 264 Baybars’s letter to, 267, 369, 647n34 coinage of, 360, 466, 514, fig. 315 death of, 375 depiction in iconostasis Beam, 321, 322–23

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entry into , 259, 321, 323, 619n277 gifts from Louis IX, 350 seal of, 361, 644n1000, fig. 226 treaty with Hulagu, 259, 264 truce with Baybars, 374 vassalage of Great Khan, 349 Bohemond VII of Antioch (1275-1287) coinage of, 466, fig. 316 death of, 383 and Jacopo Contarini, 671n657 and Kalavun, 381–82, 648n114 murder of Guy II Embriaco, 384 and Templars, 380 truce with Mamluks, 380 Bonacursus de Gloire O.P., archbishop of Tyre, 382, 395 seal of, 468, fig. 321 Bonaventure, Saint, 587n109 Boniface VIII, pope (1294-1303), 613n11 Boniface of Montferrat, 64, 66, 576nn92,96 rule of Thessalonica, 71 Brand, Charles, 568n111 Branner, Robert, 234, 235, 625n448, 646n15 discovery of censier manuscript, 660n432 Braun, Joseph, 144, 563n104 Brochardus, Saint (hermit), 200 Brossé, Ch., 636n776 Bruno, archbishop of Olmütz, 375 Bruyn, C. de, 9 Buchthal, Hugo, 13–14 on Acre scriptorium, 409, 410 on Arsenal Bible, 285, 286, 291, 292, 305, 623n447, 625n458, 626n477, 627n530 on Crusader art, 515, 679n50 on Egerton Sacramentary, 211 on Histoire Universelle manuscripts, 346, 350, 408–9, 410, 411, 419, 420, 421, 422, 428 on History of Outremer, 345, 349 on Holy Sepulcher breviary, 609n560 on local style, 521 Miniature Painting in the Latin , 477, 678n25 on missal, 93, 94 on Padua Book of Old Testament Selections, 303 on patronage, 19 on Missal, 296–97, 515 on Riccardiana Psalter, 212–13, 214, 215 on scriptorium of Acre, 303–4 on Wolftenbüttel Sketchbook, 631n619 Bulst, Marie-Luise, 17, 520, 521 “What is Crusader Art?”, 517–18 Burchard of Magdeburg

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tomb of, 119–20 Burchard of Mount Sion, 16, 272, 389–92, 398, 653n294 at Acre, 388, 399, 400 at Cana, 390 date of writings, 388 Descriptio terrae sanctae, 497 Dominican affiliation of, 388 on Eastern pilgrims, 512 name of, 651n228 on Saphet, 606n426, 651n222 on silk production, 476, 671n669 sources of, 652n250 “The Various Religions of the Holy Land,” 391–92, 652n245 Burchard of Strassburg, 590n210 Burgoyne, Michael, 270, 523, 566n37 Burns, Elizabeth Jane, 664n477

Caffaro (chronicler), 48 Cahen, Claude, 479, 672n684 Cahier, Charles, 10 Camille, Michael, 659nn411,414 Cannuyer, C., 144 Carboni, S., 506 Carr, Annemarie Weyl, 259, 504, 615n60 on Armenian art, 522 on Cypriot art, 521, 668n559 on Paphos icon, 449 on Queen Keran gospels, 669n572 on St. Procopios icon, 452 Caste de Murols seals of, 52 Catherine, Saint iconography of, 337–38, 668n569 icons of, 448, fig. 288, fig. 292, fig. 371 panel paintings of, 646n1035 tomb of, 123 Celestine III, pope (1191-1198), 58 death of, 167 Charles I, king of (1268-1282), 244, 245, 268 and Baybars, 371, 376 Byzantine campaign of, 371, 372, 378, 379, 648n77 in Crusade of 1270, 371, 372 death of, 382 and Frankish , 378 kingship of Latin Jerusalem, 376, 378, 394, 396, 434 and Louis’s , 616n116 seals of, 468 and uprising, 378

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Charles II, king of Sicily, 382, 383 Charles of Anjou See Charles I, king of Sicily (1268-1282) Chazaud, A.M., 356, 357 Chinard, Philippe, 8 Cholet Master, 662n441 Christ Entry into Jerusalem, 318, fig. 170 icons, 355, 356, 456, fig. 129–30, fig. 400 baptism, 332, 333, 441, fig. 189 burial, fig. 405 in Deësis group, 221, 351, 352, 355, fig. 125 enthroned, 96, 138, fig. 52 in Majesty, plate 1 seated, 332, fig. 190 with Virgin, fig. 363, fig. 398 Christopher, Saint icons of, 448, fig. 280 Cicero De inventione, 401, 412, 413 Ciggaars, Krinije, 400, 402, 631n614 Cimabue Byzantine influence on, 525 Virgin and Child Enthroned, 633n688 Clark, Kenneth, 12 Cleave, Richard, 563n126 Clement III, pope (1187-1191), 35 Clement IV, pope (1265-1268), 263 abolition of Templars, 527, 682n154 death of, 371 Clermont-Ganneau, C., 282 Clerq, Louis de, 11 Conder, C. R., 43 Conon de Béthune, 64 Conrad, archbishop of Mainz, 59 Conrad, bishop of Hildesheim, 58, 59 Conrad IV, emperor of Germany, (1228-1254), 248 claim to Latin Kingdom, 157, 163 coinage of, 204 death of, 255, 366 kingship of Latin Jerusalem, 148, 203, 230, 242, 243, 244 majority of, 168–59, 601nn226–27,230,234–35 Conrad V, see Conradin, king of Latin Jerusalem (1254-1268), 255, 268 death of, 268 Conrad, bishop of Halberstadt, 71 excommunication of, 72 pilgrimage to Tortosa, 72, 81

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pilgrimage vow of, 579n228 relics collected by, 134 assassination of, 41, 573n9 defense of Tyre, 16, 22, 28, 36, 46, 51, 567n64 diplomacy of, 51 dispute with Guy, 37, 38, 568n125 and maritime powers, 569n134 marriage to Isabel, 37 in Third Crusade, 50 True Cross relic of, 48, 52, 572n262 Constance, wife of Raynauld de Chatillon, 348 Constantine Lampron, 117 Copenhagen Bible Master, 662n441 Cormack, Robin, 18, 330 on Crusader art, 518, 522 “Crusader Art and Artistic Technique,” 523 Correr Master See Crucifixion-Anastasis Master Courtoy, Ferdinand, 563n104 on Jacques de Vitry’s miters, 143, 144, 594n371, fig. 79–81 Crucifixion-Anastasis Master, 444 Cutler, Anthony, 572n287

Dalrymple, W., 590n213 Daniel, Abbot, 100, 101 Dante on , 417 David, orthodox patriarch of Antioch, 173 Dean, Bashford at Montfort , 186, 187, 188, 605n405 Degenhart, B., 497 Delaissé, L. M. J., 477 Delisle, Leopold, 659n410 Demetrios, Saint panel paintings of, 646n1035 Demus, Otto, 101, 421, 444 on Correr Master, 443 on Crusader art, 515, 521 A History of the Crusades, 16 on , 344 Derbes, Anne, 312, 314, 430 Der Nersessian, Sirarpie, 438–39, 585n28 Deschamps, Paul, 11–12 on Crac, 4, 11, 97, 98, 277, 278, 279 on Crusader art, 515 death of, 12 fieldwork of, 11, 591n279

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on Notre Dame (Tortosa), 564n176 use of color photography, 563n125 De Vogüé, Charles-Jean-Melchior, 1 on church architecture, 2–3 on Crusader art, 515 Les Eglises de Terre Sainte, 678n5 Dichter, B., 672n23 Diderot, Denis on Crusades, 509 Diehl, Charles, 6–7, 524, 562n71 Dodd, Erica, 565n199 on Mar Phocas frescoes, 568n92 on Syrian frescoes, 637n800 Dodwell, C. R., 477 Dondi, Cristina, 628n536 Doquz Khatun, wife of Hulagu, 263 robes of, 634n708 Doré, Gustave, 6 Duccio, 631n633 Byzantine influence on, 525 dolce stil nuovo of, 517 Maestà of, 631n631 Rucellai Madonna, 317 Dussaud, René, 11

Edbury, Peter, 500, 573n13, 618n227 on Hugh of Antioch, 268 on , 401, 524, 595n27, 654n329 on Lombard War, 160 on William of Tyre’s continuations, 565n18 Edward I, king of England (1272-1307), 357, 376 assassin attack on, 374, 647n59 and Baybars, 374 Crusade of, 372, 374, 387, 393, 647n49 embassy to Abaga, 374 Edward the Confessor confraternity of, 398 Egmond, J. van, 192, 193 Eleanor of Castile, 396, 398 Élias of Périgueux, patriarch of Jerusalem, 395 Elijah icons of, 305, 328–29, 334, fig. 182, fig. 191, fig. 367 Elijigidei (Mongol general), 237 Ellenblum, Ronnie, 15, 512, 564n155 Embriaco, Bartholomew, 384 Enlart, Camille, 6, 7–11, 511 L’Art gothique et de la en Chypre, 562n78 on ‘Atlit, 131, 132

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on of Notre Dame, 81, 180, 182, 604n325 on Christian archaeology, 4 on church architecture, 80 on Crac, 278 on Cypriot art, 504 on Cyprus, 7 Francocentrism of, 7 on Ibelin palace, 593n329 on Lusignan Cyprus, 562n71, 681n136 Manuel d’Archéologie, 9, 10, 562n92 Les Monuments des Croisés dans le Royaume de Jérusalem, 7, 9, 469 on St. Sophia (), 238 use of Guerin, 562n74 Erard de Valery, 356, 357 Erard of Brienne, 241 Erdmann, Carl, 513 Eudes, count of Nevers, 395 armor of, 357 capella of, 357 commissions of, 259, 271 inventory of, 5, 274–75, 356–59, 362, 367, 388, 622n393, 643nn924–26,930 jewelry of, 358 manuscripts of, 269, 357, 358, 403, 643n939 metalwork of, 358 tomb of, 265, 282, 356, 357 Eudes de Châteauroux, papal legate, 53, 238 on Acre, 244 at , 249 on coinage, 248, 316, 359 at Damietta, 240 preaching of Louis IX’s Crusade, 233 return to West, 617n158 Eudes de Montreuil, 8 Eudes Poilechien, 380 command of French Regiment, 396, 649n150 and Henry II of Cyprus, 382, 383 seal of, 469 Euphemia, Saint relics of, 133–34, 141, 393, 592n302 Euthymios II, orthodox patriarch of Jerusalem, 219

Fakr ad-Din, emir, 153, 239 death of, 240 Favreau-Lilie, M.-L., 589n175 Felicien de Saulcy, Louis, 1 Fidenzio of Padua O.F.M., 374–75 Fieschi, Opizon, Latin patriarch of Antioch, 173 Filangieri

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See Lotario Filangieri; Richard Filangieri of Laon, bishop of Acre, 254, 361-362 Florent of Varennes, 371 Flori, Jean, 513 Francis of Assisi, Saint, 123 and al-Kamil, 108–9, 113–14, 587nn108–9 in Fifth Crusade, 113–14, 173, 590n244 in , 124 Frankel, R., 125, 591n257 Frederick I, (1155-1190) death of, 36 in Third Crusade, 35, 568n108 tomb of, 119, 568n120 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1220-1250) arrival in , 150, 151–52, 595n22 baillis of, 156 at Church of Holy Sepulcher, 154, 176, 596nn54,56 claim to Latin Kingdom, 157 clerical counselors of, 595n12 coinage of, 204, 607n500 conflict with papacy, 167 coronation of, 116 crown of, 155, 176, 596nn56,58 death of, 248, 574n40, 627n529 departure from Holy Land, 155, 597n64 deposition by Innocent IV, 230, 233 at Diet of Cremona, 149 diplomatic gifts of, 153, 157, 227 Enlart on, 8 excommunications of, 152, 154, 163, 596nn33,40, 599n150 favoritism of , 156–57 and Fifth Crusade, 110, 116, 117, 148–49 and Gerold of Lausanne, 213, 598n100 and Gregory IX, 155, 157, 158, 163, 595n7 at Haram al-Sharif, 155, 176 Ibelin petition to, 167, 168, 601nn214,216 at Jaffa, 135, 153 and John of Brienne, 213, 588n166 and John of Ibelin, 151–52, 156, 595n27 marriage with Isabel II, 118, 148, 213 marriage with Isabel of Brienne, 213 and military orders, 152, 153, 157 patronage of manuscripts, 216, 227, 610n601 patronage of sculpture, 607n492 rebellion of Acre against, 601n222 and reconstruction of Jerusalem, 597n60 regency of Latin Kingdom, 163, 202 and Riccardiana Psalter, 212–14, 217, 597n69

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seals of, 204, 207, 360, 597n85, 601n218, 607n502, 608n523 sovereignty over Cyprus, 15, 151–52, 156, 160 support of Richard of Cornwall, 166 and Templars, 155, 602n252 and Teutonic , 155–56, 157 treaty with al-Kamil, 4, 151, 153–54, 156, 157, 202, 596nn33,40, 598n100, 602n251 (See also Treaty of Jaffa (1229)) Frinta, M., 632n653 Fulcher of Chartres, 642n879 Historia Hierosolymitana, 518 Fulk, king of Latin Jerusalem (1131-1143), 346 death of, 573n9, 598n132, 599n133 Fulk of Neuilly, 67, 575n80 preaching of, 64, 108

Gabriel, archangel icons of, 219–20, 351, 447, 456, fig. 124, fig. 206, fig. 273, fig. 305 Gabriel Bar Kala’ì “Poème sur la chûte de Tripoli,” 563n102 Galavaris, George, 522, 681n116 Gardner, Julian, 109 Garin de Montaigue, 633n676 seals of, 52, 572n293 Garnier de Cordes, 8 Garnier von Borland, 66 Gauthier, M.-M., 580n324 Gauthier of Provins, bishop of Acre, 208 Gauvain of Chinchi, 155 Gayet, A., 593n334 Geoffrey de Lusignan, 57 return to West, 58 Geoffrey de Villehardouin, 64 Conquête de Constantinople, 497 on Fourth Crusade, 63, 65, 68, 576n87, 579n239 on Simon of Montfort, 577n148 on soldiers’ defections, 576n100 Geoffrey de Villehardouin (nephew), 73 Geoffrey Le Tor, 161, 500 Geoffrey of Beaulieu, 249, 251, 613n6, 625n455 Dominican affiliation of, 286 on Louis IX’s library, 284 on Louis IX’s , 371 Geoffrey of Donjon, 63 Geoffrey of Estreing, 167 Geoffrey of Sergines, 241, 254, 262 bailliage of, 271 death of, 268 and French Regiment, 619n244

16

seal of, 361, fig. 225 truce with Muslims, 255, 618n229 in War of St. Sabas, 257 in will of Eudes de Nevers, 357, 358 George, Saint body of, 589n188 Crusader imagery of, 338 icons of, 329-30, 447, 516, 637n797, fig. 183, fig. 185, fig. 279, standard of, 341 George Acropolites, 375 George Parisi (Greek surname, Parisis), 139, 594n349 Georgopoulou, Maria, 522–23 Gerard of Nazareth, 92–93 Gerold of Lausanne, patriarch of Jerusalem, 150, 174 bequest of, 600n171 fortification of Jaffa, 16 and Frederick II, 213, 598n100 interdict against Jerusalem, 157 seal of, 206, fig. 113 and Treaty of Jaffa, 159, 213 Gerstel, Sharon, 637n800 Gibbon, Edward on Crusades, 509–10 Gilbert Marshal, earl of Pembroke, 162 Gilbert of Tournai, 375, 627n502 Giles, J.A., 595n31 Giovanni Romano, 208, 209, 608n2 Giuliana di Collalto Cassa Sepolcrale of, 344, 441, 639n851, fig. 201 Gobert de Helleville, 384 Godefroy de Bouillon, 53, 158 heraldry of, 428 in Livre des assises, 53 memorials to, 510 in poetry, 401 sword of, 510, 678n174 tomb of, 146–47 Godfrey, bishop of Hebron, 395 Godfrey de’ Prefetti See Gottifredo de’ Prefetti de Vico Gombrich, Ernst, 664n477 Gossuin de Metz, 402 Gottifredo de’ Prefetti de Vico, 172 recovery of property, 208, 209, 608n550 Grabar, Oleg, 470 Grabois, Aryeh, 403, 630n614 Graindor of Douai, 401 Gratian, Francis

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Decretum, 676n122 Gregory I, pope (590-604) Moralia in Job, 93, 403, 495 Gregory VIII, pope (October 1187-December 1187) Audita tremendi, 24, 35 Gregory IX, pope (1227-1241) and Carmelites, 200 death of, 167 embassy to Latin Kingdom, 161 embassy to Nicaea, 630n593 and Frederick II, 155, 157, 158, 163, 595n7 and Louis’s canonization, 613n11 on St. Catherine’s (Acre), 275 Gregory X, pope (1271-1276) Abaga’s embassy to, 375 Constitutiones pro zelo fidei, 375 Crusade policy of, 374–75, 483 death of, 394 election of, 371, 374, 387 Salvator noster, 374 Gregory Abirad, Armenian catholicus, 59 Gregory of Nazianzus, Saint icons of, 329, 462, 635n746, fig. 182 Greilsammer, M., 575n71 Greven, J., 144 Grierson, Phillip, 505 Grigor IV, patriarch of Hromkla “Elegy on the Fall of Jerusalem,” 54 Grousset, René, 259 Guerin, Victor, 562n74 Guido da , 668n565 circle of, 313, 314 gable fragment of, 631n633 Guigues IV of Forez, 601n211 Guillaume de Boldensele, 606n426 Guntheri Alemanni, see Gunther of Pairis Gunther of Pairis, 69, 70, 576n90, 578n219 on Fourth Crusade, 63 Guy de Lusignan, king of Latin Jerusalem (1186-1190), 41 attack on Acre, 37, 568n127 captivity of, 36–37 coinage of, 46–47, 145, 594n377, fig. 11 death of, 58, 573n10 dispute with Conrad of Montferrat, 37, 38, 568n125 regalia of, 52, 594n376 release of, 37, 568n124 rule of Cyprus, 41 sale of Cyprus, 570n195

18

seal of, 47 Guy de Montfort, 66 Guy d’Ibelin, bishop of Limassol library of, 582n366 Guy II Embriaco, 380, 384 Güyük Khan, 237, 615n54

Hague, R., 237 Hakim, al-, caliph (996-1021), 26 Hall, M. B., 612n650 Hamilton, Bernard, 60, 511 on Acre churches, 184, 274–75, 358, 605n403, 622n395 on Gerold of Lausanne, 164 on Latin clergy, 109–10, 395 on Orthodox clergy, 635n723 on patriarchs of Jerusalem, 602n281 on Sybilla, 568n131 Haseloff, G., 302 Hawkins, Ernest J. H., 299 Hehl, Ernst-Dieter, 513 Henry, cardinal bishop of Albano, 35 Henry I of Brabant, 59, 574n34 Henry I, emperor of Latin Empire (1205-1216), 75 Henry I, king of Cyprus (1218-1253), 151, 169 coinage of, 206 death of, 251 in Lombard War, 159 and Louis IX’s Crusade, 236, 237 majority of, 160 marriage to Alice of Montferrat, 156, 160 regency of Jerusalem, 230, 243, 248 Henry II, king of Cyprus (1285-1324) See Henry I, king of Latin Jerusalem Henry II, king of England (1154-1189), 35 Henry III, king of England (1216-1272), 172, 599n138 Crusade policy of, 603n278 death of, 374 recruitment of, 177–78 relic of Holy Blood, 207–8, 603n322, 608n535 at St. Albans, 599n147 Henry I, king of Latin Jerusalem (1286-1291), 396, 433, 598n118 act of 1286, 468, 619n629 coinage of, 505, 506, fig. 350 coronation of, 382–83, 394, 401, 478, 649n154, 663n471 defense of Acre, 486 and , 482 Histoire Universelle manuscript of, 383, 403, 421, 422, 423–24, 434, 478, 514, 663n471 illnesses of, 383

19

Lusignan coat of arms, 421, 663n461 seals of, 468 truce with Kalavun, 482, 484 Henry Dandolo, doge of Venice, 64–65, 576n120 Henry VI , Holy Roman emperor (1190-1197), 58–59 Bull of, 607n502 death of, 59 in German Crusade, 55, 146 Henry of Bar le Duc, 164 Henry of Champagne, ruler of the Latin Kingdom (1192-1197) and Assassins, 58 coinage of, 46–47, 49–50, 83–84, fig. 12–13 death of, 59 gifts from Saladin, 584n425 imprisonment of canons, 57, 573n13 marriage to Isabel, 41, 57 reign of, 57–58 sepulcher of, 574n26 Henry of Flanders, 72 Henry of Limburg, Duke, 150 Henry of Nazareth, 161 Henry of Troyes See Henry of Champagne Heraclius, patriarch of Jerusalem after fall of Jerusalem, 26, 567n68, 572n279, 581n349 on , 565n15 death of, 29, 38 defense of Jersusalem, 22 emergency coinage of, 29, 30, 46, 146 in History of Outremer, 346 reputation of, 566n42 salvaging of treasures, 29, 87 seal of, 206 Hermann, Landgrave of Thuringia Psalter of, 214 Hermann of Salza, 151, 155, 226 aid to John of Brienne, 588n136 under Frederick II, 152–53 in Lombard War, 159 Hetoum I, king of Armenia (1226-1268), 251, 634n715 depiction in Iconostasis Beam, 321–22 diplomatic gifts of, 237 entry into Damascus, 259, 321, 323, 619n277 marriage to Isabella, 117 treaty with Hulagu, 165, 259, 264 Hetoum II, king of Armenia (1289-1292), 482 Heyd, W., 618n235 Heyman, J., 192, 193

20

Hillenbrand, Carole, 365 Hilsdale, Cecily, 619n260 Holt, P. M., 596n46 Honoré (painter), 627n502 Honorius III, pope (1216-1227), 108, 116 and Carmelites, 200 death of, 150 and John of Brienne, 148 on St. Catherine’s (Acre), 275 Honorius IV, pope (1285-1287), 382 Arghun’s embassy to, 650n157 death of, 384 Hospitaller Master (painter) See Paris-Acre Master Housley, Norman, 513 Hubert Walter, bishop of Salisbury, 42 Hugh I, king of Cyprus (1205-1218), 74 conflict with John of Brienne, 107, 108 death of, 111, 586n74 and Fifth Crusade, 110 marriage to Alice, 58, 579n270 minority of, 105 Hugh II, king of Cyprus (1253-1267), 230, 256, 375 death of, 266 Hugh III, king of Latin Jerusalem (1269-1285), 265, 266, 369, 621n352, 633n683 coronation of, 268 death of, 380 defense of Acre, 267 and Edward’s Crusade, 374 and Ibelins, 369 and military orders, 369 and Philip of Montfort, 369 regency of Latin Kingdom, 268 relations with Hospitallers, 375 relations with Templars, 376 and Roger of San Severino, 379 truce with Baybars, 374, 375 at Tyre, 379–80 and William of Beaujeu, 266 Hugh IV, king of Cyprus (1324-1359), 471 Hughes d’Augerant, 357, 358 Hughes Libergier tomb plaque of, 281, 493 Hugh of Brienne, 621n352 Hugh IV of Burgundy, 162, 172, 601n211 Hugh of Caesarea, 235 Hugh of Gibelet, 155 Hugh of Troja, bishop of Bethlehem, 395

21

Hugh Revel, 375, 396 Hugo, Frère, 142 Hulagu (Mongol general), 260 attack on Syria, 261 and Baybars, 262, 263 capture of Baghdad, 349 death of, 263 paintings of, 634n708 treaty with Bohemond VI, 259, 264 Humbert of Romans O.P., 374, 648n63 Humfrey of Toron, 574n27 Hunt, Lucy-Anne, 96, 520, 573n298, 612n651 on mourning women, 340, 638n812 on San Danieli Bible, 582n377 al-Husam al-Din Lajin, emir, 486 Huygens, R. B. C., 603n313, 673n23

Ibn ‘Abd al-Ramim, 649n139 Ibn ‘Abd al-Zahir, 369, 646nn1,10 Ibn al-Athir, 25, 51 on Damietta, 114 on Heraclius, 567n68 Ibn al-Furat, 171, 264, 620n291, 621n325 on Edward of England, 374 on fall of Acre, 480 The History of the Dynasties, 646n10 on Muslim slaves, 621n341 on Tripoli, 267 on truce of 1272, 647n55 Ibn Jubayr, 274, 399 Ibn Luqman, 616n117 Ibn al-Qalanisi, 407 Ibn Shahad, 600n189 Ibn Wasil on Damietta, 239 on Frederick II, 152 on Mansourah, 241 Ibn al-Zar, 647n16 Ibrahim Pasha at Château Pelerin, 4 Imad ad-Din, 25, 27, 566n44 Innocent II, pope (1130-1143) Albigensian Crusade of, 54, 105, 107 Innocent III, pope (1198-1216), 60 and Alexius III, 576n97 and Bohemond IV, 75 and conquest of Zara, 66 Crusades under, 105–7, 375, 648n64

22

and Fourth Crusade, 55, 57, 62, 63 instructions to Crusaders, 65, 66, 107, 576n121, 577nn128,139, 584n17 knowledge of Holy Land, 107 military operations of, 106 pontifical of, 211 Quia maior, 106, 109, 584n16 and sack of Constantinople, 70 support of John of Brienne, 107 Innocent IV, pope (1243-1254), 167, 169, 170 “Afflicti corde,” 232, 602n269 on coinage, 248 death of, 254 deposition of Frederick II, 230, 233 Irwin, Robert, 506 on Baybars, 377–78 Isaac II Angelus, emperor of Constantinople (1185-1195), 68, 577n181 billon trachea of, 571n239 embassy to Saladin, 35–36, 569n110 Isaac Ducas Comnenus, ruler of Cyprus (1184-1191) At , 34 Richard’s capture of, 38 Isabel, queen of Latin Kingdom (1190-1206) coronation of, 573n5, 574n32 daughters of, 58 marriage to Aimery of Cyprus, 59, 574nn27–28,32 marriage to Henry of Champagne, 41, 57 wife of Conrad of Montferrat, 37 Isabel II, queen of Latin Kingdom (1225-1228) See Isabel of Brienne Isabel of Aragon, 372 Isabel of Beirut treaty with Baybars, 369, 375, 646n2 Isabel of Brienne, queen of Latin Kingdom (1225-1228), 584n19 death of, 148 marriage to Frederick II, 107, 118,148, 213 and Riccardiana Psalter, 214, 216, 217, 514 Isabel Roupenid, daughter of Leon II marriage to Hetoum, 117 marriage to Philippe of Tripoli, 117

Jabal, sheik al-, 247 Jackson, Peter, 259 Jacobus de Voragine Golden Legend, 466, 670nn621–22 Jacoby, David, 168, 601n230, 622n396 on Acre, 125, 273, 491 on commerce, 646n1032 on inventory of Eudes, 643n932

23

on multiculturalism, 653n311 on Pelrinages et Pardouns de Acre, 651n214 on pilgrimage, 393, 399, 653n296 on silk trade, 366 Jacoby, Zehava, 523 Jacopo Contarini, 671n657 Jacopo di , 637n811 Jacques de Molay trial of, 527, 682n154 Jacques de Verona, 606n426 Jacques de Vitry, bishop of Acre (1216-1228) 388, 400, 585n43, 610n602 on ‘Atlit, 4 crozier of, 11, 563n109 on Egypt, 115 on fall of Acre, 480 in Fifth Crusade, 108–10 at Fourth Lateran Council, 108, 109, 585n40 gift to Oignies, 141 on glassmaking, 506 Historia Orientalis, 123–24, 590n241 on John of Brienne, 115 at Liège, 585n42 life of, 585n39 liturgical costume of, 10 manuscripts of, 402 and missionary activity, 590n242 miters of, 87, 142–45, 563n104, 581n345 embroidered, 144-45, 594n372, fig. 82 parchment, 142–44, 593n336, 594n368, 594nn364–65,371, fig. 79–81 on non-Latin Christians, 109 patronage of, 142, 145 portable altar of, 144 preaching of, 108, 109, 123, 124, 144 relics secured by, 5 on Saladin, 39 seals of, 144 in see of Acre, 108, 124, 144, 150 on True Cross relics, 39 Jamal al-Din ibn Yaghmur, emir, 242 James I, king of Aragon Crusade of, 371, 393 squadron of, 646n12 James of Capua, 118 James of Ibelin, 374 James Pantaleon, patriarch of Jerusalem See Urban IV, pope Jaquemin d’Acre, 400 al-Jawad Yunus, ruler of Damascus (1238), 163

24

Jean, duc de Berri Très Riches Heures of, 517 Jean de Douai, 88 Jean de Friaize, 66 , 4, 612n6 capture of, 241–42 Credo of, xxxi, 500–501, 677n130, fig. 341 chapel project, fig. 342 on Damietta, 238, 243 on death of Louis IX, 273 on Frankish Greece, 244 on Jaffa, 250–51 on Louis IX’s achievements, 368 on Louis IX’s Crusade, 233, 240, 613n70 on Louis IX’s piety, 269 on Louis IX’s ransom, 246 on Louis IX’s reading, 284 and Louis IX’s second Crusade, 371–72 Jean de Ronnay, 241 Jean Sarrasin, 239, 613n53 Jean de Villiers, 396 Jeanne de Chatillon, 396, 652n274 Jeanne d’Evreux, Hours of, 252, 616n120 Jephonias icons of, 442 Jerome, Saint at Bethlehem, 93, 122 Joachim icons of, 448, fig. 281 Joan, countess, 433 John II, bishop of Acre, 73 John, count of Ponthieu, 45-46 John II, king of Cyprus (1284), 380 John XXI, pope (1276-1277), 376, 378 John, Saint See John the Evangelist, Saint John Chrysostom, Saint icons of, fig. 368 John de Grailly, 385, 396, 483 bailliage of Jerusalem, 396 defense of Acre, 485, 487 John de Nesle, 67, 577n166 John Faicete of Noyon, 579n258 John I Hyrcanus, 415 John Klimachus, Saint icons of, fig. 286 John of Antioch, 396, 400, 412

25

John of Brienne, king of Latin Jerusalem (1210-1212), regent of Jerusalem (1212-1225), co-emperor of Latin Constantinople (1231-1237) at Acre, 115–16, 117, 369, 584n20 age of, 584n2, 585nn26,38 attack on Sicily, 153 claim to Armenian throne, 108, 115 coinage of, 115, 145–46, 588n127, fig. 59 coronation of, 105, 496, 584n4 at Damietta, 114–15, 588n135 death of, 599n146 and Fifth Crusade, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115–16, 117 final years of, 117–18 flight to Champaigne, 157, 158 fortification of Jaffa, 16 and Frederick II, 213, 588n166 Hermann of Salza and, 588n136 in History of Outremer, 346, 496 and Latin clergy, 115–16 as Latin Emperor of Constantinople, 158, 213, 597nn80–81 marriage to Maria of Montferrat, 74–75, 105, 496, 584nn2,4 marriage to Stephanie of Cilicia, 107, 585n28 papal assistance to, 148 plea for Crusade, 106 rebels against, 107 rebuilding by, 134 regency of, 588n166 treaty with al-Adil, 105 John of Caesarea, 160 John of Carcasonne, 237 John of Cherisy, 241 John I of Ibelin alliance with Tripoli, 159 coinage of, 83, 204, 227, fig. 109–10 as constable of Latin Kingdom, 57, 74 in Cyprus, 107 death of, 161–62, 598n131, 599n142 expedition against Muslims, 161 fortification of Jaffa, 16 and Frederick II, 151–52, 156, 595n27 influence of, 162 lion and stag fable of, 161 in Lombard War, 158 mayorality of Acre commune, 161 regency of Latin Kingdom, 105, 595n24 Renard the fox story of, 161, 598n125 seal of, 5 Templar burial of, 162 See also Ibelin palace (Beirut)

26

John II of Ibelin, lord of Beirut (1247-1264) seal of, 361, 644n998, fig. 226 John of Ibelin, count of Arsur, See John of Ibelin, lord of Arsuf on Jerusalem, 394 John of Ibelin, count of Jaffa (1250-1266), 162, 167, 356 bailliage of Jerusalem, 231 Livre des Assises, 255, 359, 566n48 haute cour in, 499 manuscripts, 401, 524 Venice, xxxi, 395, 497–500, 501, 524, 676n119, 677n127, fig. 234, fig. 339 vernacular language of, 676n122 on regency of Latin Kingdom, 168 John of Ibelin, lord of Arsuf (1236-1258), 167, 601n217 bailliage of Jerusalem, 231 death of, 256, 633n683 in Louis IX’s Crusade, 238 on Jerusalem, 394 John of Montfort, 238 coinage of, 465, 466 support of Hugh III, 379 tomb of, 615n72 John of Nicosia, 156 John of Pruvino, bishop of Acre, 150 John of Tulbia, 112, 115 John of Würzburg, 124 on Christian sects, 123 on German Crusaders, 146–47 on Holy Sepulcher, 44 Johns, C. N., 563n144 on Acre, 491, 674n92 on ‘Atlit, 15, 195, 591n261 on ‘Atlit parish church, 197, 606n464 John the Armenian, 246 John the Baptist, Saint Burchard of Mount Sion on, 390 Byzantine iconography of, 331 French representations of, 316, 633n673 icons of, fig. 283, fig. 384, fig. 399 in Oratorio di San Giovanni, 664n477 Muslim reverence for, 390 tomb of, 591n247 John the Evangelist, Saint icons of, 460, fig. 303 in Dormition imagery, 440–41, 442 John the Theologian, Saint icons of, 447, 449, fig. 277 John Tristan, son of Louis IX, 372 birth of, 242–43

27

John Vaalin, 168 , William, 236, 254 Jordan of Saxony Vita of, 402 Joscius, archbishop of Tyre, 35, 57-58 Josias See Joscius Joslin, Mary, 429, 432 Judith in Arsenal Bible, 289, 292, 293, fig. 148 in Bibles Moralisées, 415, 659n428 Julian le Jaune, 382

Kahane, Henry, 516 Kalamkarian, G., 97, 411 Kalavun, al-Mansur Saif ad-Din, sultan (1279-1290), 265, 378 Armenian embassy to, 386 attack on Maraclée, 381 and attack on Saracens, 484 and Bartholomew Embriaco, 384 and Bohemond VII, 381–82, 648n114 capture of Margat, 380–82, 649n121 capture of Tripoli, 386, 394 career of, 648n109 death of, 484 Mongol attack on, 379 reconstruction of Jerusalem, 379 rivals of, 379 treaty with Leo III, 381 truce with Crusaders, 380, 649n132 truce with Henry II, 482, 484 truce with Hospitallers, 649n117 truce with Tripoli, 383 Kallner-Amiran, D. H., 575n71 Kamal ad-Din ibn al-Shaykh, 166 Kamal al-Din, 369 al-Kamil, Malek, sultan (1218-1238), 112, 239 after al-Mu’azzam’s death, 151 annexation of Syria, 151 Crusader truce with, 116, 117, 118, 147, 587nn98,103,112 death of, 162, 599n145 in Fifth Crusade, 112–17 and Francis of Assisi, 108–9, 113–14, 587nn108–9 treaty with Frederick II, 4, 151, 153–54, 202, 596nn33,40, 598n100, 602n252 Kantorowicz, Ernst, 148–49 Kedar, Benjamin Z., 15, 274, 479 on Acre, 491, 622n387 on Fourth Crusade, 579n249

28

on Gerard of Nazareth, 92–93 Kenesson, S., 473 Kennedy, Hugh, 564n156, 580n290 Kesten, A., 491 Khadir b. Abi Bakr, Sheikh, 376–77 attacks on Christians, 648n87 Khidr, son of Kalavun, 378 Khowaiter, A.-A., 620n291 King, E. J. on seals, 467, 633n676, 671n621 King, D.J. Cathcart, 647n31 Kitbogha (Mongol general) cap of, 634n708 capture of Ascalon, 260 defeat by Baybars, 324, 620n287 depiction on Iconostasis Beam, 321–22, 633nn708,711 entry into Damascus, 259, 321, 323, 619n277 treaties with , 321 Kitzinger, E., 99 Kohler, Charles, 609n560 Kool, R., 677n152 Kubilai Khan (1260-1294) commission to Polo family, 651n209 Kühnel, Bianca, 17–18, 515 Crusader Art of the Twelfth Century, 469, 680n75 Kühnel, Gustav, 523

Labarge, M. W., 371, 647n16 Lacerenza, G., 506 de Lage, Guy Raynaud, 639n864 Lamm, Carl Johan, 472, 478, 645n1016, 670n656 LaMonte, John, 152, 153–54, 562n59 Lane, A., 132, 620n304 Lawrence, Saint, 144 pallio of, 258, 619n260 Lawrence, T. E., 12, 510, 563n118 Leningrad-Lyon Master See St. Petersburg-Lyon Master Leo (Armenian general), 265 Leo III, king of Armenia (1269-1289), 375, 376, 439 alliance against Kalavun, 379 treaty violations by, 377 treaty with Kalavun, 381 Leopold VI of Babenberg, duke of Austria (1198-1230), 16, 38-39 capture of Richard I, 42 in Fifth Crusade, 110, 111, 112 rebuilding by, 134 True Cross relic of, 586n66

29

Levon I of Armenia (1187-1198) coinage of, 85 Levon II of Armenia (1198-1219), 58–59, 60, 585n27 conflict with Antioch, 67 conflict with John of Brienne, 108 control of Baghras Castle, 75 death of, 108 excommunication of, 75 portraits of, 643n910 regency of Antioch, 63 vist to Acre, 107 war with Seljuk Turks, 108 Lewis, Suzanne, 218 Limbourg brothers, 517 Lorenzo Tiepolo, 255 Lotario Filangieri, 169, 173 Louis, duke of , 116 Louis VII, king of France (1137-1180) in History of Outremer, 346 Louis IX, king of France (1226-1270), 131 and the Arsenal Bible, 282-295 at Acre, 243–54, 284 architecture preceding, 203 artistic commissions of, 254, 269 baillis of, 233 and barons, 245 bequest to Franciscans, 617n196 biographies of, 612n6 burial of dead, 252 at Caesarea, 246, 290, 621n325 canonization of, 251, 284, 613nn6,11, 616n116 capture of, 241, 289 and Cathedral of Notre Dame, 179 charity of, 252 coinage of, 359, 360, 466, 505, 514, fig. 223 Crusade of, 230–43 in Crusade of 1267, 266 in Crusader chronicles, 231 Crusader ideals of, 371, 613n15, 646n15 Crusader’s vow of, 235, 613n14 Damietta campaign of, 111–12, 238–40, 360 death of, 273, 372 departure for Holy Land, 236 departure from Holy Land, 253–54, 255, 368, 388, 411 diplomatic efforts of, 246–47, 251, 254, 269, 290, 627n510 diplomatic gifts of, 247, 251, 254, 269, 350 Dominican advisors of, 627n502 Egyptian strategy of, 53

30

Enlart on, 8 fleet of, 238, 615n70 foreign policy of, 261 fortifications of, 180, 250, 269, 397 Acre, 125, 617n157 French Gothic tradition of, 196, 222, 368, 506 hairshirt of, 617n172 idealization of, 53 in illustrated History of Outremer, 405 images of, 613n11 imprisonment of, 242, 243, 244, 284, 616n118 and intra-Christian rivalries, 233 at Jaffa, 250–51, 251 and La Forbie, 602n269 leadership of, 248, 254 letter from Acre, 244–45, 290, 617n150 library of, 284, 625nn448,455, 626n490 and Marguerite, 616n129, 627n502 mendicants in service of, 233 moral rectitude of, 290 negotiation for prisoners, 246, 247, 248, 254, 617n148 Ordo of 1250, 292 Oriflamme standard of, 238 patronage, 8, 14, 254, 268–69, 271, 273, 284, 324, 368 of architecture, 196, 202, 203, 613n25 of Arsenal Bible, 282–86, 288, 289, 290–91, 410, 423, 514, 518, 625n458, 659n418 of manuscripts, 235, 249, 252, 273, 282–84, 288, 435 pax ludovicae of, 258 pilgrimage of, 249, 284, 290 prayerbook of, 284 ransom of, 243, 246, 247 reading of, 284 regalia of, 617n150 relations with Mongols, 237, 251, 254, 269, 615n52 release from captivity, 243 relics acquired by, 72, 208, 236 religious dedication of, 233, 269, 290 reputation of, 252 residency in Latin Kingdom, 231, 243–54, 257, 258, 268, 270, 271, 369, 400 seals of, 244, 360, 616n146, 644n994–95, fig. 224 at Sidon, 194 tour of France, 236 truce with Mamluks, 247, 248, 249, 254 truce with Turanshah, 242, 243 Tunisian embassy of, 371, 647n22 and War of St. Sabas, 257 Louis XIII, king of France (1610-1643), 561n4 Louis XV, king of France (1715-1774)

31

Capitulations of 1740, 561n4 Louis of Blois, 66 Lucia de Segni marriage to Bohemond V, 243 Lucie of Tripoli, 383, 384, 385 Ludolf von Suchem, 489, 490 Ludolph of Sudheim, 681n153 Lyons, M. C., 647n35

Madden, Thomas, 578nn181,213 Madonna del Voto master, 315, 632n657 Magdalen Master, 631n627 Maguire, Henry, 636n769, 637n796 Mahani, Abu‘l, 486 Mahmud I, sultan (fl. 1740), 561n4 Mahoney, Lisa, 652n279, 662n446 Maier, C. T., 584n7 Makariou, Sophie, 619n261 Makhouly, N., 491 Male, Emile, 616n122 al-Malik al-Aziz, 566n24 al-Malik al-Mu’azzam Isa, 566n28 Malik al-Nasir (al-Nasir Muhammad, sultan 1294-1295, 1299-1309, 1310-1340) madrasa-mausoleum of, 489, fig. 334 1 al-Malik al-Salih, 669n606 Malloy, A. G., 46, 567n74 Manfred, son of Frederick II, 230 Mango, Cyril, 477 Manku Timur, 379 al-Mansur, of Hama, 265, 600n184 al-Mansur Ibrahim, emir of Homs, 165 at La Forbie, 171–72 Manuel Comnenus coronation of, 406 al-Maqrizi, 170, 584n9, 618n219 Marco Polo, 374, 382, 384 Mar Elias abbot of, 41 Margaret of Flanders, 433 Margarit, Admiral, 29, 35 Marguerite, wife of Louis IX, 237, 242–43, 616n129 at Acre, 245 and Arsenal Bible, 290, 291 at Damietta, 239

1 (N.B. in the photo the entrance is to al-Nasir’s madrasa-mausoleum; the entry to Kalavun’s (Qalawan’s) mausoleum is next door.)

32

gift of psalter, 251 during Louis IX’s second Crusade, 371 Marguerite of Antioch-Lusignan, 383 Maria (daughter of Sibylla) death of, 37 Maria of Antioch, claimant to the throne of Jerusalem (1269-1277), 268, 376, 396 Maria of Montferrat, queen of Latin Jerusalem (1210-1212) death of, 107, 213 in History of Outremer, 496 marriage to John of Brienne, 74–75, 105, 496, 584nn2,4 Marie de Brienne, 237, 597n80 marriage with Baldwin II, 158 Marina, Saint icons of, 140 Marino Sanudo, 6, 275, 618n234 Liber secretorum fidelium crucis, 497 map of Acre, 490–91, 672n23, 674n85 Marochetti, Baron, 510 Marsilio Zorzi, 168, 397 Martin, Henri, 417 Martin IV, pope(1281-1285), 378 death of, 382 Martin Gobbé, 469 Martin of Pairis, abbot, 64 arrival in Acre, 577n176 in delegation to Innocent III, 66 departure for Holy Land, 577n171 pilgrimage of, 102 relics collection by, 69, 70–71, 72, 86, 111, 578nn197,218,220 Mary, Countess of Pembroke, 398 Mar Yahbhallaha, patriarch of Baghdad, 384 Master of the , 315, 632n663 Master of the Soldier , 459 Matthew of Clermont, 487 , 638n830 action scenes of, 611n610 Chronica Majora, 599n147 heraldic paintings of, 341 Historia Anglorum, lxiii on Holy Blood, 172, 207–8 on Louis IX, 232–33, 613n6 maps of, 275, 490, 653n303, 672n23 on military orders, 602n251 narrative drawings of, 217–18 and Richard of Cornwall, 599n147 on “Vision of Tripoli,” 386 Maximianus cathedra of, 632n671

33

Mayer, Hans E., 259, 568n108, 597n67 Bibliographie zur Geschichte der Kreuzzüge, lxiv on Eudes de Nevers, 356 traditionalism of, 513 on Tripoli, 650n196 McDonald, Sgt. J., 567n60 Melisend of Lusignan marriage to Bohemond IV, 586n74 Melisende, queen of Latin Jerusalem (1129-1161) tomb of, 571n220 Mercurius, Saint icons of, 637nn799,805 Metcalf, Michael, 48, 49 on Beirut coinage, 205 on Damietta coinage, 145 on European deniers, 85 on War of St. Sabas, 258 Michael VIII Paleologus (Byzantine co-emperor at Nicaea 1258-1261 and emperor of Constantinople 1261-1282), 258, 261, 269, 648n67 Charles of Anjou’s attack on, 372 entry into Constantinople, 366 support for Crusade, 375 Michaud, J. F. Histoire des Croisades, 1, 6 Molin, K., 134 Monachus, patriarch of Latin Kingdom, 60 archbishopric of Caesarea, 58, 573n12 and queen Isabel, 574nn27,30 Mongka, Great Khan (1251-1259), 251 death of, 260, 261 Morgan, David, 619n278 Morgan, M. R., 565n18, 656n357 Moses in Arsenal Bible, 450, 659n427 Byzantine iconography of, 659n427 Crusader images of, 450, 668n567 icons of, 356, 458, 459–60, 461, fig. 209, fig. 212–13, fig. 282, fig. 311 in Western iconography, 331 Mouriki, Doula, 17, 140, 332, 341, 454 on Byzantine icons, 219, 222–23 on Crusader painting, 520–21, 523 on Cypriot icons, 503 on St. Procopios icon, 452 “Thirteenth-Century Icon Painting on Cyprus,” 18, 520 on Veneto-Byzantine icons, 459 al-Mu’azzam, emir, 15, 57 attack on ‘Atlit, 125, 127, 128, 194 attack on Caesarea, 16, 134, 587n91, 593n312

34

building by, 584n7 death of, 151 demolitions by, 135–36 in Fifth Crusade, 110, 112, 113, 115 raids on Crusader States, 105, 147 Muhammad (the prophet) depiction of, 572n276 tomb of, 123 Muhammad ibn al-Zayn, 470 Muhammad Ibn Sadr alpdin Yusuf Ibn Salah al-Din, 470 Muhi al-Din, 262, 621n318 Müller-Wiener, Wolfgang, 274, 491 Murad IV, Ottoman sultan, 561n4 al-Mustansir, caliph, 205, 372 al-Muzaffar, Hama Thibaut’s negotiations with, 165

Napoleon at Egypt, 592n303 Near East campaigns of, 1 Narjot of Toucy, 383 an-Nasir Daud, emir of Kerak, 163, 165 attack on Jerusalem, 164, 600n167 Muslim attack on, 170 Templar alliance with, 169 Thibaut’s treaty with, 165, 600n180 an-Nasir Yusuf, 248 at Acre, 251 treaty with Latin Kingdom, 261 Nazir al-Haramayn, 621n315 Nelson, Robert, 96, 573n298, 612n651 Neumann, W., 392 Nevelon, bishop of Soissons, 69, 70, 71 Nicetas Choniates, 69, 72, 578n192 Nicholas III, pope (1277-1280), 378 Nicholas IV, pope (1288-1292), 378, 385, 394 Crusade policy of, 483 Dirum amaritudinis calicem, 506–7 and fall of Acre, 506–7 and fall of Tripoli, 386, 482 Latin clergy under, 491 Nicholas, Saint in Acre Triptych, 34, 314, 315, 316–17, 632n669, fig. 162 in Byzantine art, 635n746 icons, 293, 448, 457, 458, 627n527, fig. 285, fig. 301 with Christ and Virgin, fig. 363, fig. 398 with donor, 503–4, fig. 343 standing, fig. 364

35

Nicholas Arrode, 239, 615n53 Nicholas de Hanape, 400, 487 Nicholas de Lorgne, 396, 664n80 inscription at Crac, 277, 279, 281, 623n424, fig. 140 seal of, 52, 467 Nicholas Larcat, archbishop of Tyre, 250, 251 seals of, 52 Nicholas of Vicenza, 387 Nicholson, Helen, 592n307 Nicolle, David, 638n815 Ninus, king, 420, 422, 423, 663n450, fig. 247 Norden, W., 576n97 Nordenfalk, Carl, 407 Nuhad es-Sahid, 470 Nur ad-Din minbar of, 36 pulpit of, 607n507

Odo of Montbéliard, 153, 168 bailliage of Acre, 162, 598n121 constableship of Jerusalem, 155 flight from Acre, 161 in Lombard War, 159 regency of Latin Kingdom, 168, 601n230 Oliver of Paderborn on ‘Atlit, 128, 131, 586n80, 591n272 on Cathedral of St. Mary, 137–38 on Christian prisoners, 587n112 on Damietta campaign, 112, 588n117 on Fifth Crusade, 110, 111, 116, 586n69 Oliver of Termes, 396 Oltrogge, Doris, 429–30, 667n502 Onouphrios, Saint icons of, 448, fig. 287 Orosius, 345 Othon of St. Omer, 286, 414 Otto of Grandson, 374 altar hanging of, 615n61 defense of Acre, 485, 487

Pace, Valentino, 519, 582n377, 631n628, 632nn662,667, 680n74 on Crusader painting, 521 on Iconostasis Beam, 633n697, 635n726 on Nazareth capitals, 680n93 on Perugia Missal, 518 on Veneto-Byzantine style, 632n662, 636n781 Palmera, wife of Walframe, 65 Pantaleon, Saint

36

tomb of, 120 Paolo Veneto, 275, 622n399 Paris-Acre Master, 411–33, 445, 478, 631nn618,620 architecture of, 426 assistants of, 500 borders of, 500 censier manuscript, 416, 419, 499, 659n430, 660nn442–43, fig. 243 Chantilly Cicero, 401, 412–14, 415, 416, 417, 418, 499, 500, 514, fig. 240 colorism of, 428, 677n127 Credo of Joinville, xxxi, 500–501, 677n130, fig. 341 “Crusader” style of, 418, 520 eye delineation, 499 Faits des Romains, 419, 427–29, 433, fig. 252 in fall of Acre, 497 frames of, 418 French-Gothic style of, 426, 428, 509, 512, 519, 520, 525 Histoire Universelle, 397, 419–24, fig. 246 History of Outremer, 403, 419, 424–27, 429, 497–500, 514 initials of, 496 Libellus of St. Martin, 416, fig. 244 Livre des Assises, xxxi, 395, 396, 401, 497–500, 501, 524, 676n111, 677n127, fig. 339 models for, 499 Old French Bible, 417–18, 660nn437–38, 662nn441,444, fig. 245 output of, 435 Paris Book of Bible selections, 397, 414–16 and Paris Histoire Universelle, 430, 433, 667nn501–3 patrons of, 411, 416–17, 418–19, 520 representation of Holy Sepulcher, 496, 676n110 representation of ships, 497, 676n117 and St. Petersburg-Lyon cycle, 425, 428 use of gesso, 500 and William of St. Stephen, 419, 499, 520 work in Acre, 418, 421, 426, 428, 434, 496, 519 Paschal II, pope (1099-1118), 577n129 Paul, Saint icons of, 447, fig. 275 (troubador), 149 Pelagius, cardinal and papal legate, 53, 587n94 authority of, 588n137 in Fifth Crusade, 112–13, 137 leadership of, 115 in Talkha engagement, 116–17 Pesant, R., 571n231 Peter, archbishop of Caesarea, 155 death of, 598n101 Peter, archbishop of Tyre, 169 Peter, bishop of Bethlehem, 73 Peter, count of Alençon, 249

37

Peter, king of Aragon, 378 death of, 382 Peter, Saint in Byzantine iconography, 668n564 icons of, 447, 449, fig. 274 Peter and Paul, Saints icons of, fig. 382 Peter Comestor, 345 Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester, 150, 157, 176, 217, 595nn12–13 rebuilding of Jaffa, 595n19 Peter of Angoulême, patriarch of Antioch, 63, 75, 108 ecclesiastical treasury of, 86 Peter of Brittany, 164 Peter of Capuano, 64, 66, 71, 73, 577n171 seal of, 206, 608n529, fig. 115 Peter of Cyprus, 527 Peter of Dreux, 166, 176 Peter of Ivrea, patriarch of Antioch, 86, 108, 579n278 Peter of Sargines, archbishop of Tyre, 165 Peter of Sevrey, 487, 488 Peter the Hermit in History of Outremer, 406, 425 Pfaff, Richard, 581n331 Philip Chenard, 160 Philip d’Aubigny coat of arms, 599n139 tomb plaque of, 599nn140–41 tomb slab of, 162, 599n141, fig. 83 Philip de Dreux, bishop of Beauvais, 45 Philip Mainebeuf, 484 Philip of Ibelin, 107 Philip of Maugastel, 161, 598n123 Philip of Montfort, 167, 168, 252 assassination of, 646n7 burial site of, 646n4 coinage of, 465–66 and Hugh III, 369 siege of Tyre, 169 treaty with Baybars, 266 in War of St. Sabas, 255 Philip of Nanteuil, 164, 602n251 imprisonment of, 166 Philip of Poitiers, 40 Philip of , 64, 576n96 Philip of Toron, 169 Philip of Troyes, 161 Philip of Tyre, 435 Philippe, count of Flanders, 35

38

Philippe II Augustus, king of France (1180-1223) in Acre archive, 45 and Fourth Crusade, 64 quarrel with Richard, 38 return to France, 38 in Third Crusade, 35, 36, 37–38 “Veronicon” relic of, 38, 53, 569n147, 573n303 Philippe III, king of France (1270-1285), 372 death of, 382 and French Regiment, 396 Philippe IV le Bel, king of France (1285-1314), 382, 385, 527, 682n154 coins of, 505 Holy Land policy of, 382, 649n148 Philippe de Novarre, 138, 259, 595n25, 598n120 on Conrad’s minority, 168 on Frederick II, 151–52 on John of Ibelin, 161–62 on legal documents, 26 on Lombard War, 159–60 on siege of Tyre, 169 Philippe Mousket, 603n304 “Description des Saints-Lieux,” 175–76 Philippe of Dreux, 37 Philippe of Tripoli marriage with Isabella, 117 Philippus Brusserius Savonensis (pilgrim Philippus), 392–93, 398, 653n295 Philips, Jonathan, 519 Pierre Chappe, 138 Pierre de Gamaches, 88 Pierre de la Vieille Bride tomb slab of, 623n434 Pietro Vesconte, 275 maps of, 490 Pitsak, Sargis, 522 Plaisance of Cyprus regency of Latin Kingdom, 230, 251, 256, 259, 633n683 and War of St. Sabas, 256–57 Polo family at Acre, 374, 387, 647n50 Kubilai Khan’s commission to, 651n209 visit to Jerusalem, 387 Porcher, Jean, 623n447 Porée, Brigitte, 15 on material culture, 16 Porteous, John, 359, 465, 524 on Aleppo hoard, 505 on fall of Tripoli, 505 Powell, James, 586nn61,69, 587n103

39

on Pelagius, 588n137 Prawer, Joshua, 109, 259, 511, 563n144, 597n76 on Benedetto Zaccaria, 650n175 on colonialism, 519 on Jews of Acre, 109, 259, 563n144, 597n76 on legal manuscripts, 401 on tomb slab of William of St. John, 493, 674nn98,103 Preston, I.F., 46 Pringle, R. Denys, 15, 80 on Acre, 125, 184, 274 on ‘Atlit, 126–27 on Beirut, 36 on Cathedral of Notre Dame, 180, 182 The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, 678n5 on Crusader churches, 184, 275, 404, 511, 523, 564n199, 605n378 on Jaffa, 570n181 on material culture, 16 on Montfort Castle, 185, 187 on pottery, 133, 226 on Safed, 192 on St. Mary of Carmel, 200 on Toron, 606n444 The Red Tower, 15 Procopios, Saint diptych with Virgin Kykkotissa, 447–58, fig. 273–80 icons of, 449, 668n563 synaxarion of, 450 Prutz, Hans, 6, 469 al-Qalqashandi, 596n46 Qarasunqur al-Mansuri of Aleppo, 382 Queller, Donald, 578n213 Qutuz, Sultan, 260, 620n284

Rabban Sauma, 384–85, 650n181 Radulphus, lord of Coucy, 45–46 Ralph de Merencourt, patriarch of Jerusalem, 118, 150, 213 Ralph of Coucy, 241 Ralph of Soissons, 169 Ralph Teissel, 42 Ranulf, earl of Chester, 116 Raoule de Tiberiade, 138 Raymond of Antioch death of, 63 Raymond of Tripoli death of, 108 Raymond-Roupen, 63, 108 death of, 75, 117

40

and Wilbrand, 120 Raynald Barlais, 59 Raynald of Sidon coinage of, 84, 580nn314,316 Raynauld de Chatillon, 348, 496 abuse of patriarch Aimery, 346 Redford, Scott, 475–76, 504, 592n286, 671n667 Reginald See Raynald; Raynauld; Renaud Renaud de Dampierre, 67, 576n91, 577n165 Renaud de Montmirail, 66, 67, 73, 577n166 Renaud de Nanteuil, 647n35 Renaud de Sagette, 6 Renaud Grenier coinage of, fig. 40 Renier de Gibelet, 58 Rey, Emmanuel Guillaume, 3–6, 11 on ‘Atlit, 131 Les Colonies Franques de Syrie au XIIe et XIII siècles, 5 on Montfort Castle, 187 on-site research of, 561n24 Riant, Paul, 578n219, 603n277, 608n541, 642n890 Ricaut Bonomel, 264, 621n330 Riccoldus de Monte Crucis, 272, 398, 673n75 on fall of Acre, 489–90 letters of, 403, 673n76 Rice, D. S., 670n638 Richard, Jean, lxiv, 233, 243, 575n80 on Bohemond VI, 259 on counts of Tripoli, 650n167 on Louis IX’s second Crusade, 371–72 traditionalism of, 513 Richard I, king of England (1189-1199) at Acre, 38–39, 40–41 in Acre archive, 45 at Ascalon, 15, 621n325 banners of, 39 at Caesarea, 39 capture by Leopold, 42 and Conrad of Montferrat, 51 at Darum, 41 death of, 64 departure from Holy Land, 57 Egyptian strategy of, 111 in History of Outremer, 496 idealization of, 53 at Jaffa, 16, 40, 42 and kingship of Jerusalem, 41

41

marriage to Berengaria, 38, 40 memorials to, 510 negotiations with Muslims, 41, 53 quarrel with Philippe Augustus, 38 ransom of, 52–53 retreat from Jerusalem, 41 slaughter of hostages, 39, 569n156 treaty with Saladin, 39, 41, 42, 570n201, 584n425 at Tyre, 38 Richard Filangieri, 597n86 bailliage of Tyre, 162 Cyprus policy of, 159 under Frederick II, 151, 153 Frederick II’s recall of, 168 imprisonment of, 169 in Lombard War, 158, 159, 168 Richard of Cornwall, 162 at Ascalon, 15, 621n325 Crusade of, 166–67 departure from Holy Land, 167, 601nn206–7 letter of, 601n209 and Matthew Paris, 599n147 patronage of, 202 pilgrimage of, 177, 601n206 rebuilding of Ascalon, 177 textiles of, 225 and Thibaut of Champagne, 600n193 treaty with Ayyub, 166, 167, 169 Richard of Hastings, 286, 633nn678–79 seal of, 316 Richard of San Germano, 601n222 Richelieu, cardinal, 430 Riley-Smith, Jonathan, lxiv on Acre, 673n23 on , 576n90 on Baybars, 647n34 on Charles of Anjou, 648n77 on confraternities, 397 on Conrad of Montferrat, 568n125 on Fifth Crusade, 110 on Franks, 512 on Frederick II, 152, 156 on French Regiment, 257, 619n244, 652n269 on Hospitallers, 381, 396 on Latin Kingdom society, 519 on Lombard War, 158 on Louis IX, 249, 371 on military orders, 257

42

on regency of Latin Kingdom, 230 on turcopoles, 340 What Were the Crusades?, 515 Robert d’Artois death of, 294 in Louis IX’s Crusade, 240, 241, 616n101 Robert de Boves, 66 defection of, 67, 577n137 Robert de Chartres, 88 Robert de Courçon, cardinal, 112 Robert de Saint Riquier, 45 Robert of Clari, 64, 576nn100,124 on Constantinople, 68, 69, 579n239 on Fourth Crusade, 63, 65 on Holy Shroud, 72 on Simon of Montfort, 577n148 Robert of Nantes, patriarch of Jerusalem, 164–65, 169 arrival in Holy Land, 170–71 and , 208 death of, 254 at La Forbie, 172 leadership of, 172–73, 304 patronage of scriptorium, 304 pilgrimage to Jerusalem, 177 relics obtained by, 177 Robert of Wendover See Roger of Wendover Roberts, E., 194 Roger de Lille, 430 Roger de Lisl, 345 Roger of Hoveden, 574n32 Roger of Rosoi, 241 Roger of San Severino bailliage of Latin Kingdom, 376, 378 and Kalavun, 379 recall of, 380 Templar support for, 379, 380 Roger of Wendover, 217 Röhricht, R., 590n206, 643n924 Roncaglia, M., 590n244 Ross, Betsy, 576n86 Rosso della Turca, Admiral, 255 Roupen II, prince of Cicilian Armenia coinage of, 567n83 Rouse, Mary and Richard, 408, 435, 660n434 Rudolph I of Hapsburg, 375 Runciman, Steven, lxiv, 83 on Alice of Montferrat, 160

43

on al-Kamil, 587n103 on architecture, 98 on centers of learning, 399 on Charles of Anjou, 378 on Frederick II, 596n32 on John of Brienne, 584n2 on Latin Empire, 259 on Louis IX, 241 on Constantinople, 68, 646n1034 on Templar of Tyre, 672n684 Rusticien of , 357, 398, 651n207 on Polo brothers, 651n210 Rutebeuf Complainte du comte Eudes de Nevers, 356

Sabine, C. J., 30 Sadeque, S. F., 620n284 Sader, Y., 636n776 Saif ad-Din See al-Adil I Saladin (an-Nasir Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayub), sultan (1174-1193) at Ascalon, 39–40 cleansing by, 24–26, 566n17 conquest of Jerusalem, 22 Crusader churches under, 26, 42, 570n192 Crusader victory over, 39 death of, 53, 57 demolition of Caesarea, 135 diplomatic gifts from, 36, 572n286, 584n425 Isaac Angelus’s embassy to, 35–36, 569n110 at Marqab Castle, 32 in poetry, 401 policy on Christian sites, 26 ransom of Christians, 22, 25, 27, 51 resistance to, 26–27 siege of Acre, 36, 37, 38 in Third Crusade, 36 tomb of, 377, 510, 573n7, 648n96 treaty with Richard I, 39, 41, 42, 570n201, 584n425 truce with Bohemond III, 29, 573n1 and True Cross relics, 570n192 at Tyre, 35 virtue of, 109 Salahiyya, Khanqah, 566n37 Salamé-Sarkis, H., 266, 650n186 Saliba (Oriental Christian) will of, 358, 367, 644n972 Salih (prophet)

44

tomb of, 274 al-Salih Ayyub, sultan (1240-1249), 163, 600n184 assault on Damascus, 172 coalitions of, 170 coup of, 164 death of, 240 and Khwarismian Turks, 170 at La Forbie, 172 in Louis IX’s Crusade, 238–39 return to Jerusalem, 172 treaty with Crusaders, 166, 167, 169, 173 al-Salih Ismael, ruler of Damascus (1237, 1239-1245), ruler of (1237-1246) attack on Egypt, 170 attack on Latin Kingdom, 232 Bahri Mamluks under, 616n112 capture of Damascus, 163 coinage of, 205 at Jerusalem, 602n272 suzerainty of, 232 treaty with Crusaders, 165, 166, 167, 189 treaty with Templars, 169, 170, 602n249 Salimbene, Lorenzo and Jacopo, 664n477 Salomon Petit, Rabbi, 400 Sancho Martin (Green ), 28 Sandona, Mark, 430, 433 Sanjar al-Shuja’i, emir, 488, 489, 673n63 Sartaq (Mongol prince), 251 Sauvageot, L., 561n24 Sayf al-Din Kunkuk, 379 Schein, Sylvia, 394, 489 Scheller, Robert, 500 Schlumberger, Gustave Léon, 6, 362, 670n619 on fall of Acre, 488, 672n1 on seals, 206 Schmitt, Victor, 497 Scornigiani family, 610n574 Seltman, A.J., 46 Sergios, Saint icons of, 17, 140, 339, 340–42, 494, 520, 594n353, 637n810, fig. 199 as turcopole, 638n815 Sergios and Bacchos, Saints icons of, 459, 520, fig. 313 Setton, Kenneth, 374 Shajar ad-Durr (widow of Ayyub), 240, 246, 247, 248 death of, 256 Shaw, M. R. B., 237 Shirley, Janet, 43 Sibylla, queen of Latin Jerusalem (1186-1190), 36–37

45

burial site of, 568n131 death of, 37 regalia of, 52 Sibylle of Armenia, 383–84 Simeon, Saint icons of, 455, fig. 294 Simeon Stylites, Saint icons of, fig. 390 Simon de Guinecort seal of, fig. 70 Simon de Montfort, 167 defection of, 67, 577n148 in Fourth Crusade, 66 Simon de Neauphle, 66 Simon Mansel, 267 Simon of Maugastel, 150 Sinan, Sheikh (Old Man of the Mountain), 41 Sinjar, emir Baybars’s defeat of, 260, 620n292 Smail, R. C., 189 Sneddon, Clive R., 662n440 Soffred, patriarch designate of Jerusalem, 64, 71, 73 Soteriou, George, 17, 342, 637nn810–11 on Cypriot icons, 520 on St. Procopios diptych, 449, 452 Sourdel, Dominique, 259 St. Petersburg-Lyon Master, 404–8, 411, 496, 656n360, 665n487 Arab models of, 407 Crusader style of, 667n520 French-Gothic style of, 406 and Paris-Acre master, 425, 428 St. Pol, count of, 66 Stahl, Harvey, 429, 646n15, 658n404, 660n433 Stephanie of Armenia death of, 108, 115, 588n135 marriage to John of Brienne, 107, 585n28 Stephen of Antioch, 658n408 Stephen of Perche, 73 Stern, Eliezer, 275, 404, 592n285 Stones, M. Alison, 144, 435, 662n441 Strayer, Joseph, 234, 244, 647n16, 649n148 Striker, Cecil L., 299, 300–301, 304 Stryzgowski, Josef, 562n79 Sunqur al-Ashqar, emir, 379 Symeon, archbishop of Tyre, 598n120 Symeon II, patriarch of Antioch, 75, 108

Tancred, 322

46

in History of Outremer, 425, 496 Tegüder Il-Khan (1282-1284), 380 Templar of Tyre on attack on Saracens, 484 on fall of Acre, 482, 484–89, 672n1 on fall of Damascus, 259, 260, 321, 323 on fall of Margat, 381 on fall of Tripoli, 385, 386 on Gregory X, 376 on Henry II, 382, 619n267 on Hugh III, 380 identity of, 619n272, 635n722, 672n1 on Kalavun, 384 on Philip of Montfort, 646n7 on Philip of Tyre, 435 Terricus, bishop of Sidon, 71 Thadeus of Naples, 673n52 Theobald, bishop of Acre, 53, 572n292 Theodore and George, Saints icons of, 139–40, 339, 456, 493, fig. 74 Theodore Lascaris, 75, 108 Theodore of Antioch, 6 Theodore Strateletes, Saint icon of, 447, fig. 278 Theodorich (pilgrim) on Holy Sepulcher, 44, 146, 564n7 narrative of, 124 Thibaud Gaudin, 488–89 Thibaut of Champagne, king of Navarre (1234-1254), 162, 372, 400 accord with an-Nasir Daud, 165, 600n180 Crusade of, lxv, 162–66 Crusader vow of, 576n91 fortification of Ascalon, 232 negotiations with Hama al-Muzaffar, 165 patronage of, 202 pilgrimage to Jerusalem, 166, 176 and Richard of Cornwall, 600n193 tournament of, 64, 576n85 treaty with Ayyub, 166, 169, 189 treaty with Ismael al-Salih, 165 Thietmar (pilgrim), 102, 118, 121–23, 124, 146 on access to holy sites, 179 on Armenia, 588n163 in Baghdad, 122 on Christian prisoners, 122 on Christian sects, 123 at Damascus, 590n210 editions of, 590n203

47

identity of, 590n206 at Jaffa, 135 on loss of Jerusalem, 2 on , 590n214 at Mount Sinai, 590n230 nationality of, 121 on St. Catherine’s monastery, 590n225 Thomas Agni, 257 Thomas Aquinas O.P., 375 Thomas Bérard, 387, 647n30 Thomas of Acerra, 150, 169, 173 bailliage of, 168 Thomas of Lentino, patriarch of Jerusalem, 395 seal of, 468, fig. 320 Thorau, Paul, 372–73, 619n272, 646n1, 647nn33, 36, 42, 54, 59 on military orders, 374 Thoros (Armenian general), 265 Thubron, Colin, 590n213 Tommaso Morosini, 71 Tristan manuscripts of, 525 Turanshah, sultan (1249-1256), 240, 241 assassination of, 243, 245 truce with Louis IX, 242, 243 Turuntay, emir, 383, 484 siege of Saone, 650n165 Twain, Mark, 510 Tyerman, Christopher, 176, 513, 599n138

Ubald, archbishop of Pisa, 37 Uhland, Johan Ludwig, 473 Ulbert, Thilo, 524 Urban II, pope (1088-1099), 245, 513 excommunication of Crusaders, 577n129 Urban III, pope (1185-1187) death of, 24, 35 Urban IV, pope (1261-1264), 254, 257, 263, 271 arrival in Acre, 618n223 election of, 619n247 patriarchal seals of, 361 patronage of Acre scriptorium, 304 and Thomas Aquinas, 375 Usama Ibn-Munquidh library of, 407

Van Cleve, T. C., 586n66, 587n103, 596n40 Van Eyck, Jan, 576n86 Ghent Altarpiece, 668n531

48

Vasari, Giorgio, 17 Vaughan, Richard, 599n147 Vegetius De re militari, 396 Viaud, Prosper, 7, 28 Villard de Honnecourt Gothic naturalism of, 208, 349 sketchbooks of, 195, 197–98, 413, 584n417 travels of, 611n639 Vincent, Hugues, 7, 515, 678n5 Vincent of Beauvais, 627n502 Speculum Maius, 623n422 Virgin Mary of Church of the Nativity, 514 cult of, 317 holy sites of, 393 lactans, 642n908 miracles of, 175 rainmaking icons of, 120, 589n182 tomb of (Kidron Valley), 42, 44, 440 in Western art, 312 Visser-van Terwisga, Marijke, 429–30, 639n864, 667n502

Walframe of Gemona will of, 65 Walter, lord of Reynal, 246 Walter of Avesnes, 128, 194, 586n80 Walter IV of Brienne expedition against Muslims, 161 in Fourth Crusade, 67 at La Forbie, 171 in Thibaut’s Crusade, 163–64 Walter of Montbéliard, 74, 75 constable of Latin Kingdom, 105 peculation by, 584n5 regency of Cyprus, 105 Walters, Henry, 364 Ward, Rachel, 471, 671n654 Weiss, Daniel, 623n447 on Arsenal Bible, 284, 285, 286, 287, 290, 292, 293 Art and Crusade in the Age of St. Louis, 282–83 on Psalter of St. Louis, 646n15 Weitzmann, Kurt, 13–14, 563n141 on Acre Triptych, 300–301, 305, 311, 314, 315, 326, 631n638 on Byzantine icons, 219, 309–10 on Crusader art, 17, 516, 517, 518 “Crusader Icons and Maniera Greca,” 516–17 on Franco-Byzantine icons, 332, 333, 334

49

on Iconostasis Beam, 320, 321, 633n691, 634n721 on icons, 138–39, 140, 207 on icons of St. Catherine’s, 335–36, 583n408, 630nn601–2, 635n731, 681n128 on Last Judgment icon, 437, 438 on Last Supper, 318–19 on lingua franca concept, 516 on Monreale mosaics, 100 on Moses icon, 461 on mourning images, 637n811 on soldier saints, 340 on St. Procopios diptych, 449, 450, 452 “Thirteenth Century Crusader Icons on Mount Sinai,” 678n25 on Venetian painting, 344 on Veneto-Byzantine style, 336–37, 343–44, 454 on Wolftenbüttel Sketchbook, 631n619 Werner of Egisheim, 70 Whitehouse, David, 506, 671n656 Wightman, G. J., 164 Wigley, J., 2 Wilbrand von Oldenburg, 102, 103, 118, 119–21, 124 at Acre, 119, 125, 589n176 on Armenia, 588n163 at Beirut, 388 at Bethany, 590n200 bishopric of Utrecht, 119 at Church of Holy Sepulcher, 2, 120, 121 in Cilician Armenia, 118 on Ibelin palace, 5, 136, 637n801 on John of Ibelin, 162 at Margat, 381 at Notre Dame Cathedral (Tortosa), 179 and Raymond-Roupen, 120 sensitivity to nature, 136 Wilhelm, Kaiser, 510 William II, archbishop of Tyre (1175-1186), lxiii, lxvii, 27 author portait of, 348 birthplace of, 515 death of, 345, 638n858 European studies of, 93 Historia Orientalium Principum, 176, 407, 603n313, 610n602, 656n367 History of Outremer banners in, 638n821 composition of, 345 continuations of, 25, 43, 45, 67, 345, 526, 565n18, 566n18, 612n6, 639n859, 656n357 date of, 639n864 in Eudes of Nevers’s inventory, 357 in, 348–49 manuscripts, 217–18, 292, 353, 403, 611n609, 642nn886–87

50

Bern, 406, 656n361 Boulogne sur Mer, xxxi, 427–29, 434, 496, 499, 501, 654n348, 664n486, 665n487, fig. 251 Epinal, 525, 526 Florence, 495–97, 499, 500, 501, 509, 514, 674n108, fig. 338 Lyon, 405–8, 429, 525, 642n893, 655n355, 656n357, 664n479, fig. 237 Paris, 175, 235–36, 345-47, 403, 404–5, 406, 407–8, 424–27, 499–500, 526, 614n44, 639n866, 654n348, 657n370, 663n472, 664nn474,477,480, fig. 202, fig. 235, fig. 238, fig. 249–50 St. Petersburg, 405–8, 429, 496, 525, 655n355, 656n357, 664n479, fig. 236 Vatican, xxxi, 347-48, 437–350, 496, 642nn886–88,890, fig. 205 military history in, 403 miniatures of, fig. 249–51, plate 9–10 and Paris Book of Bible selections, 415 patrons of, 426, 427 popularity of, 345, 357, 401, 428 sources of, 407 Templars in, 235 knowledge of Eastern languages, 657n367 on Tancred, 322 William II, king of Sicily (1166-1189) in Third Crusade, 35, 568n111 William Brewer, bishop of Winchester, 157, 176, 595n12, 597n70 William d’Auvergne, bishop of Paris, 232, 627n502 William de Forz, 601n211 William Longsword, earl of Salisbury, 162, 241, 601n211 William of Agen, patriarch of Jerusalem, 263, 271, 301, 395 seal of, 361, fig. 228 William of Beaujeu, 380, 635n721 and attack on Saracens, 484 and fall of Tripoli, 385 and Hugh III, 648n67 seal of, 467–68, fig. 318 support for Charles of Anjou, 375–76, 382, 396 William of Caffran, 486 William of Châteauneuf, 177, 247 imprisonment of, 602n265 at La Forbie, 172 William of Conches, 168 William of Exeter, 150 pilgrimage of, 176 William of Gibelet, 116–17 William of Nangis, 613n6, 617n179 William of Revert, 155 William of Rousillon, 396 William of Rubruck, 400 bible of, 251, 618n199 at Hagia Sophia, 618n200 William of St. John

51

tomb slab of, 491, 493–95, 674nn98,103, fig. 337 William of St. Pathus, 246, 251, 372, 613n6 William of St. Stephen, 400 library of, 401 manuscript commissions of, 396, 412, 514, 520 and Paris-Acre Master, 419, 499 William of Tripoli, 374, 387, 610n602 De statu saracenorum, 400 William of Valence, 398 William of Villiers, 486 Wilson, Ian, 579n237 Wormald, Francis, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214 on Huth Psalter, 657n379

Xerxes, king of Persia, 349

Yves le Breton, Brother, 247, 400

Zacchaeus in Freiburg Leaf, 100, 101, 584n415 house of, 101, 393, 590n219 al-Zahir (of Aleppo), 63 alliance with Bohemond IV, 75 coinage of, 205 treaty with Venetians, 205 Zeitler, Barbara, 421, 521, 663n456 Zeuxis of Heraclea, 413 Zosimos, Saint icons of, fig. 388

This index of Personal Proper Names was prepared by Roberta Engleman and placed on the Cambridge University Press website in June 2006 for use with the book by Jaroslav Folda, Crusader Art in the Holy Land, from the Third Crusade to the Fall of Acre, 1187-1291, 2005.