Trinity College
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OXFORD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HISTORIES TRIM ITY COLLEGE HISTORIES OXFORD TRINITY COLLEGE x as o a a > ? of xforfc COLLEGE HISTORIES BY HERBERT E. D. BLAKISTON, M.A. FELLOW AND TUTOR OF TRINITY COLLEGE LONDON R E. ROBINSON 20 GREAT RUSSELL STREET, BLOOMSBURY 1898 Printed by BAU.ANTYNE, HANSON & Co. At the Ballantyne Press LIBRARY V OF CALIFORNIA SANTA iJAit PREFACE THIS volume' does not profess to be a complete history of the College : but it is based on a prolonged and exhaustive examination of all registers, accounts, and other documents in the archives, of other manuscript materials at Durham and Oxford, of the Calendars of State-Papers, etc., and of contemporary writers, especially those connected with the College. I have tried to tell the story continuously, using as fully as is possible within such narrow limits the actual words of my authorities. Though I have been obliged to confine myself somewhat rigidly to matters of local interest, yet not a few of the items and documents now first published will, I think, be found to illustrate the general development of University life and education. I have not attempted to describe in detail the careers of such Trinity men as Chillingworth, Sheldon, Ireton, Ludlow, Somers, Stanhope, Chatham, North, Newman, Selborne, Freeman, or others who have been really important in various ways, though I have been careful to record anything known about their lives at Oxford. But I have mentioned, even briefly, as many names as possible, partly because the number of distinguished scholars and commoners is a special feature in the work of the College, and partly in the hope that here and there such mention may lead to the disclosure of letters or diaries, preserved by the same accidents as the vi PREFACE Verney correspondence or Harris's autobiography, which might furnish me at some future date with additional materials for a larger volume. All quotations which are made direct from the documents and early writers are printed here with the spelling of the or editions I have felt that not original manuscripts ; and to give the actual Latin, medieval, legal, classical, or bar- barous, of the earlier archives would involve serious loss of local colouring. However, I have often inserted equivalents for unusual terms. Common Christian names have been abbreviated, and some other methods employed to economise space. To avoid confusion, the dates are reckoned in all cases as those of the year January 1 to December 31, though the notation of the old legal year, March 25 to March 24, was more commonly used till the correction of the Calendar in 1752. HERBERT E. D. BLAKISTON. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. DURHAM I COLLEGE ; SITE, BUILDINGS, AND HISTORY II. THE FOUNDER OF TRINITY COLLEGE 2Q III. THE FOUNDATION OF THE COLLEGE ... 51 IV. THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 75 V. THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY, FIRST PART . IOO VI. THE CIVIL WAR PERIOD 130 VII. THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY, SECOND PART . 154 VIII. THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 184 IX. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 213 APPENDIX : CATALOGUE OF PORTRAITS .... 242 LIST OF PLATES " I. BIRDSEYE VIEW, FROM LOGGAN's OXONIA " ILLUSTRATA OF 1675, SHOWING OLD CHAPEL AND QUADRANGLE OF DURHAM COLLEGE, WITH THE FIRST PART OF GARDEN QUAD- RANGLE Frontispiece II. GARDEN FRONT OF EAST RANGE OF OLD QUADRANGLE, INCLUDING LIBRARY AND OLD PRESIDENT'S LODGINGS . fatingpage 26 Oxford Camera. Club III. EFFIGIES OF SIR THOMAS POPE AND DAME ELIZABETH POPE, FROM FOUNDER'S TOMB IN CHAPEL, C. 1567 38 Reproducedfrom Engraving by J. Skelton IV. KETTELL HALL, AND EAST END OF BROAD STREET COTTAGES, WITH SOUTH END OF NEW BUILDINGS 104 Oxford Camera Club V. GARDEN QUADRANGLE, WITH NORTH END OF OLD PRESIDENT'S LODGINGS. ,, 160 Oxford Camera Club VI. INTERIOR OF CHAPEL l66 Oxford Camera Club x LIST OF PLATES VII. FORMER APPROACH TO COLLEGE, WITH EX- TERIOR OF CHAPEL, BATHURST'S BUILDINGS, AND WEST END OF COTTAGES . facing p. 2O2 Reproduced by permissionfrom photograph by Messrs. Shrimpton &* Son, taken in 1883 VIII. NEW BUILDINGS AND NEW PRESIDENT'S LODGINGS, TAKEN FROM BALLIOL COLLEGE 236 Oxford Camera Club CHRONOLOGICAL CONSPECTUS OF FORMER AND PRESENT BUILDINGS. NOTE. Buildings now demolished are bracketed. DURHAM COLLEGE, 1286-1542. Old Bursary and Common Room (? Oratory), part of Buttery, [and original Refectory and Kitchen] ; i4th century, probably before 1380. [Original Entrance-gateway, 1397.] [Original Chapel, Treasury, and Porch, 1406-8.] [North side of Quadrangle, 1409-14.] East side of Quadrangle, Library, Vestry, and Chambers, 1417-21. EXTERNAL BUILDINGS. Broad Street Cottages, i6th century or earlier. Kettell Hall, c. 1615. TRINITY COLLEGE, 1555. [Attics over north side of old Quadrangle, 1576-8.] Attics over Library, etc., 1602. Hall and Cellar, 1618-20. Garden Quadrangle, north side, 1665-7. Kitchen and Cellar, 1676. [Bathurst's Buildings, 1687.] Garden Quadrangle, west side, 1680-2. Chapel, Gateway, and Tower, 1691-4. Garden Quadrangle, south side, 1727-8. Attic story of Garden Quadrangle raised, 1802. New Buildings, 1883-5. New President's Lodgings, 1885-7. CHAPTER I DURHAM COLLEGE: SITE, BUILDINGS, AND HISTORY " THE College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford, of the Foundation of Sir Thomas Pope, Knight, commonly called Trinity College," is a good illustration of that desire for permanence amid changes which, in periods of reform and even of reaction, has characterised the develop- ment of English institutions. Trinity College cannot claim any legal continuity with the ancient, and in some wavs CORRIGENDA. " " " salis read satis '" 1. --F r p. 53, note, 3 " " read 1626." i. ._For 1606 p g0) 5 read At." p. 92, 1. 23 .-ForUt" " contrary to all." p 191, 1. y.-Read Goodenough I.i and in index.-Read p. 227, 7 , Hayter." Hi; " oj vir.-iliio'j };j;'.-M .- .J CHAPTER I DURHAM COLLEGE: SITE, BUILDINGS, AND HISTORY " THE College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford, of the Foundation of Sir Thomas Pope, Knight, commonly called Trinity 11 College, is a good illustration of that desire for permanence amid changes which, in periods of reform and even of reaction, has characterised the develop- ment of English institutions. Trinity College cannot claim any legal continuity with the ancient, and in some ways unique, foundation of Bishop Hatfield, within the " " of it in but there precincts which was erected 1555 ; are indications that its founder was acquainted with the " circumstances of the College of Monks of Durham " at Oxford and as one of the first Studying ; among " pious laymen to re-dedicate to the promotion of true " religion and sound learning some portion of the vast of the monasteries1 he must have wealth suppressed , considered it specially appropriate to secure a site and buildings at once academic and monastic. Thus, 1 "Now as none were Losers employed in that service." says " and Fuller. so we finde few refunding back to Charitable Uses ; perchance this man alone the thankful Samaritan who made a publique Acknowledgement." Ch. Hist. viii. 3, 43. A 2 TRINITY COLLEGE though Trinity College has flourished for only three and a half centuries, it inherits the labours of those " " religious men who consecrated so fair a ground to learned quiet more than six centuries before these days of socialist orators and street music. DURHAM COLLEGE was one of the dependent Cells of the great Benedictine Abbey of St. Cuthbert on the Wear, and its inmates were Durham Monks temporarily studying at Oxford in charge of a superior who was called " the Prior Oxoniae." l The novices were first instructed in the cloister by their magister in the "primitive " sciences of and Grammar, Logic, and Philosophy ; regulations as to study were made from time to time by the Benedictine chapters, and especially by the re- 2 forming Pope Benedict XIL, whose Constitutions in 1337 provided that all monasteries should send to the generalia studia one twentieth or more of their total numbers, under the rule of a prior studentium to be chosen by the Presidents of the provincial chapter. But recourse to the higher teaching of the Uni- versities was probably forced upon the older Orders in the first instance by the brilliant success of the Friars, had settled in 13th who at Oxford early the century ; " " and the desirability of a private hall or manse for monastic students was soon suggested by Walter de Merlon's ingenious adaptation of monastic rules to academic life. The Benedictines had no house nearer than or and in 1283 a benefactor Abingdon Eynsham ; 1 The ' Prior Oxoniae ' voted with the Priors of Finchale. Holy Island, Coldingham. Jarrow, &c., at the election of a Bishop of 1 Durham: Gilbert Elwykis found voting as 'Prior Oxoniae in 1316 and John of Beverley in 1333. 2 See Wilkins, Concilia, ii. 594. DURHAM COLLEGE 3 provided near Beaumont Palace, soon to be granted to the Carmelite Friars, a house for thirteen students from the of St. Peter at Gloucester this Abbey ; and was much enlarged by the addition of hostels for other great abbeys of the southern province, after a chapter held at Abingdon in 1291. But the richest of the northern had made its own as abbeys already arrangements ; and l early as 1286 Mabel (Wafre) Abbess of the Benedictine nunnery of Godstow, granted "to God, and to our lady Seynt Marie, and to Seynt Cuthbert, and to the priour and convent of Dureham .... all ther arable londs, the whiche they had fro a diche thurte over in Bewmounte [Park St.] in the suburbis of Oxenford .... and whatsoever right they had in voide groundes beside Peralowse Hall [now Kettell Hall] in Horsemonger- " strete [Broad St.] at an annual quit-rent of 10*.