Germany” -Land of Technology

A GLOBAL / COUNTRY STUDY AND REPORT ON “Germany” -Land Of Technology

Submitted to

PARUL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH-2nd shift (Formerly Dr. J. K. Patel Institute of Management) Institute Code: 792

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

In Gujarat Technological University

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Faculty Guide

Ms. VIJAYANTI TIKYANI Assistant Professor

Submitted by

Batch: 2011-13, MBA SEMESTER IV

(Parul Institute of Management & Research-2nd shift) MBA PROGRAMME Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad June 2013 Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 1

PREFACE

Passing the theoretical subjects is not the way to become a manager in future. The subjects are the bases for our carrier from which we can strengthen our knowledge to apply it in real world. This project provides the platform of opportunity to know the current market situation and the behavior of environment. It gives the opportunity where we can apply the theory knowledge in real world and so that we can be a successful manager in future. This changed the market structure, character and focus of marketing strategies.

MBA is course where unlike many other courses practical studies are accompanied together with theoretical studies, case and preparation of various reports consist of the practical studies in this course.

The preparation of the GCSR is one such part of the practical studies here. For this purpose we are required to select one particular topic or trade and prepare a report through study research.

As the student of management it is learning experience to analyze a trade. It is the most essential for us to expose our skill as a future responsible management post. So, we have decided to go for detail study of country “GERMANY”. How investor could invest after using this report. It helps us to develop our skill and confidence to do better in all respect in management field.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 2

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and publications. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all of them.

We are highly indebted to PROF. VIJYANTI TIKYANI for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project.

We would like to express gratitude towards all our members of Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help us in completion of our project.

We also would like to express our special gratitude and thanks to DIRECTOR DR. P G K MURTHY for giving us such attention and time.

Our thanks and appreciations also go to our colleague in developing the project and people who have willingly helped us out with their abilities.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No Particulars Page

ECONOMIC OVERVIEW OF THE SELECTED COUNTRY Part -1 (GERMANY)

1 Demographic Profile of Germany

2 Economic Overview of Germany

3 Overview of Industries Trade and Commerce

Overview Different economic sectors of 4 Germany 7 - 34 Overviews of Business and Trade at 5 International Level Present Trade Relations and Business with 6 India 7 PESTEL Analysis

Part -2 MICRO ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRY/SECTOR

Wind/solar energy power plant of Germany 8 35 - 46 and opportunity with Gujarat/India Renewable/green industries of Germany and 9 47 - 55 opportunity with Gujarat/India Tourism industry of Germany and opportunity 10 56 - 65 with Gujarat/India Hotel Industry of Germany and opportunity 11 66 - 74 with Gujarat/India Education Sector of Germany and opportunity 12 75 - 96 with Gujarat/India Textile Industry of Germany and opportunity 13 97 - 126 with Gujarat/India

14 Conclusions & Summary 126- 128

15 Bibliography 129 - 139

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 4

PART – I ECONOMIC OVERVIEW OF GERMANY

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 5

1. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE GERMANY

 COUNTRY OVERVIEW

President: Johannes Rau (since May 1999)

Chancellor: Gerhard Schroeder (since September 1998)

Independence: January 18, 1871 (reunification of West and East Germany took place on October 3, 1990)

Population (2002E): 83 million

Location/Size: Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark/137,821 square miles (slightly smaller than Montana)

Major Cities: Berlin (national capital since 10/3/90), Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Essen, Dortmund, Stuttgart

Language: German

Ethnic Groups: German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other 6.1% (made up largely of Serbo- Croatian, Italian, Russian, Greek, Polish, Spanish)

Religions: Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 1.7%, unaffiliated or other 26.3%

Defense (8/98): Army, 230,600; Navy, 26,700; Air Force, 76,200 (including conscripts)

 GEOGRAPHY

1. Area Year area 2011 est. 357,114 sq. km

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 6

2. WATER 2.416%

3. Major cities – population Cities Population Berlin (capital) 3.438 million Hamburg 1.786 million

Munich 1.349 million

Cologne 1.001 million

 PEOPLE

1. Nationality Noun: German(s) Adjective: German

2. Languages

German

80% Germans, Turks 5%, other Europeans 5%, other 10% (Greeks, Kurds, Arabs, etc.)

3. Population Month Year Population July 2011 est. 81,471,834

4. Population growth rate

Year Population growth rate (%) 2011 est. -2.08%

5. Age structure Age(years) Male Female Total age structure (%) (2011 est.)

0-14 5,569,390 5,282,245 13.3

15-64 27,227,487 26,617,915 66.1

65 years and over 7,217,163 9,557,634 20.6

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 7

6. Ethnic groups

German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other 6.1% (made up largely of Greek, Italian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish)

7. Literacy

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write Total Population: 99% Male: 99% Female: 99% (2003 EST.)

GOVERNMENT

1. Flag

three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and gold; these colors have played an important role in German history and can be traced back to the medieval banner of the Holy Roman Emperor - a black eagle with red claws and beak on a gold field

Coat Of Arms

2. National anthem

Name: “Lied der Deutschen" (Song of the Germans) Lyrics/Music: August Heinrich HOFFMANN VON FALLERSLEBEN/Franz Joseph HAYDN

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 8

3. Currency

Euro (€) (2002 – present) Swiss franc (de facto in Büsingen) (EUR, CHF)

4. Government type

Federal republic

5. Founded

1949 (Basic Law, i.e., Constitution, promulgated on May 23, 1949)

On October 3, 1990, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic unified in accordance with Article 23 of the F.R.G. Basic Law.

6. Capital Name: Berlin

2. ECONOMIC OVERVIEW OF GERMANY

Finance Minister: Hans Eichel Currency: Euro Exchange Rate (03/12/03): 1 US Dollar = 0.90 Euro Gross Domestic Product (GDP, nominal, 2002E): $1.98 trillion (2003E): $2.16 trillion

The German economy - the fifth largest economy in the world in PPP terms and Europe's largest - is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment and benefits from a highly skilled labor force.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 9

Like its Western European neighbors, Germany faces significant demographic challenges to sustained long-term growth. Low fertility rates and declining net immigration are increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system and necessitate structural reforms.

1. GDP (purchasing power parity)

Year GDP RATE 2011 est. $3.085 trillion 2010 est. $3.003 trillion 2009 est. $2.9 trillion

Note: data are in 2011 US dollars

2. GDP - composition by sector

Agriculture: 0.8% Industry: 28.6% Services: 70.6% (2011 est.)

3. Population below poverty line

15.5% (2010 EST.)

4. Unemployment rate Year Unemployment rate 2011 est. 6% 2010 est. 6.8%

Note: this is the International Labor Organization's rate for international comparisons; Germany's Federal Employment Agency reported an annual average unemployment rate of 7.1% for 2011 and 7.7% for 2010.

5. Investment (gross fixed)

18.2% of GDP (2011 EST.)

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 10

6. Budget

Revenues: $1.551 trillion Expenditures: $1.588 trillion (2011 est.)

7. Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Year Inflation rate 2011 est. 2.2% 2010 est. 1.1%

MAJOR COMPANIES OF GERMANY IN FORTUNE 500 Country Company Global 500 City Revenues Rank rank ($ millions) 1 Volkswagen 13 Wolfsburg 168,041 2 Daimler 24 Stuttgart 129,481 3 Allianz 27 Munich 127,379 4 E.ON 29 Düsseldorf 125,064 5 Siemens 47 Munich 102,657 6 Metro 65 Düsseldorf 89,081 7 BASF 71 Ludwigshafen 84,597 8 Deutsche Telekom 75 Bonn 82,674 9 BMW 79 Munich 80,099 10 Munich Re Group 88 Munich 76,220 11 Deutsche Post 93 Bonn 71,121 12 RWE 107 ESSEN 67,179 13 Robert Bosch 119 Stuttgart 62,593 14 ThyssenKrupp 138 ESSEN 57,586 15 Deutsche Bank 146 Frankfurt 55,314 16 Bayer 178 Leverkusen 46,473 17 Deutsch Bank 185 Berlin 45,575 18 Franz Haniel 242 Duisburg 36,333 19 Lufthansa Group 245 Cologne 36,190 20 Continental 265 Hanover 34,498 21 DZ Bank 278 Frankfurt 33,611 22 Commerzbank 294 Frankfurt 32,420 23 Edeka zentrale 324 Hamburg 29,392 24 Heraeus Holding 327 Hanau 29172

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 11

25 Phoenix Pharmahandel 335 Manheim 28,641 26 Hochtief 353 ESSEN 27,334 27 Energie Baden-Wurttemberg 418 Karlsruhe 23,190 28 TUI 439 Hanover 22,091 29 Bertelsmann 444 Gutersloh 21,791 30 Evonik industries 452 Essen 21,545 31 Fresenius 462 Bad Homburg 21,154 32 Landes Bank Baden- 464 Stuttgart 21,035 Wurttemberg 33 Henkel 486 Dusseldorf 19,989 34 KFW Bankengruppe 497 Frankfurt 19,585

GERMANY - LOCATION FOR BUSINESS AND INVESTMENT

Germany's great competitive strength internationally is illustrated most clearly in its high level of and rapidly growing merchandise exports.

The rise in direct investments in Germany by international companies also underlines the good position of the German economy. Economic life in Germany is more international in nature than in most other major industrial nations. One in three Euros in Germany is generated through exports; nearly one in four jobs depend on exports.

The most important branch of the economic activity in Germany with traditionally a very high share of total economic production is industry. The 49,000 German industrial undertakings employ nearly 6.4 million staff. Together they generate turnover of more than EUR 1.3 trillion. 98 per cent of all German industrial undertakings are small or medium-sized companies (SME) with 500 or fewer staff. SME generate around 33 per cent of industrial turnover.

Alongside industry, the services sector also plays an outstanding role and has now become almost as large as industry. A German peculiarity and traditional core of economic life is the crafts trade. With around 863,000 businesses, it is Germany's most varied economic sector - employing 14 per cent of Germany's 36 million workers.

If more information about Germany as a business location is required, the companies can get fast and non-bureaucratic support. "Invest in Germany" answers questions on the economic situation in Germany as well as on basic legal conditions, tax regulations, conditions of entry and residence, development measures etc.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 12

3. AN OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIES, TRADE & COMMERCE

Business and Economy in Germany

The economy of Germany, to a large extent, is driven by automobile industry. The country is the fourth-largest producer of automobiles; BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Porsche are some of the leading brands. It is also the largest exporter of automobiles.

Germany has been one of the largest exporters in the world. It is a founding member of the EU, the G8 and the G20. The major exports include machinery, automobiles, chemical goods and metals.

Germany leads the world in the production of wind turbines and solar-power technology. Agriculture is an important sector and the major agricultural products include potatoes, wheat, barley, cabbage, sugar beets, fruits, cattle, pigs and poultry.

Germany's Import and Export Indicators and Statistics at a Glance (2010)

>Total value of exports: US$1.337 trillion

>Primary exports - commodities: machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals, manufactures, foodstuffs, textiles

>Primary exports partners: France (10.2 percent of total exports), US (6.7 percent), Netherlands (6.7 percent), UK (6.6 percent), Italy (6.3 percent), Austria (6 percent), China (4.5 percent).

>Total value of imports: US$1.12 trillion

>Primary imports - commodities: machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals

>Primary imports partners: Netherlands (8.5 percent of total imports), China (8.2 percent), France (8.2 percent), US (5.9 percent), Italy (5.9 percent), UK (4.9 percent), Belgium (4.3 percent), Austria (4.3 percent), Switzerland (4.2 percent

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 13

4. OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SECTOR OF GERMANY

AUTOMOBILE SECTOR IN GERMANY

The automobile industry in Germany is one of the largest employers in the country, with a strong labour force of over 866,000 (2005) working in the industry. With annual output near 6 million and 35,6 % share among European Union now, Germany is absolute leader of auto production in Europe since 1960s, and in World was the third during 1970s - middle of 2000s and is fourth now (conceding to China, United States and Japan only). Germany designed cars won in the European Car of the Year, the International Car of the Year, the World Car of the Year annual awards one of the most times among other countries. Two cars (Volkswagen Beetle and Porsche 911) took 4th and 5th places in the Car of the Century award.

 Major company in automobile sector :-

. Audi Audi (1909-1939; 1965-present) is a luxury automobile manufacturer headquartered in Ingolstadt, and has been subsidiary of Volkswagen AG since 1966, following a phased purchase of its predecessor, Auto Union, from its former owner, Daimler-Benz. Volkswagen relaunched the Audi brand with the introduction of the Audi F103 series in 1965.

. BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) (1916-present) is an automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1917. It also owns and produces the Mini marque, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands. In 2010, the BMW group produced 1,481,253 automobiles and 112,271 motorcycles across all its brands.The elaboration of BMW is Bavarian Motor Work. . Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz (1886-present) is a manufacturer of luxury automobiles, as well as buses, coaches, and trucks and a division of Daimler AG. The name first appeared in 1926 under Daimler-Benz but traces its origins to Daimler's 1901 Mercedes and to Karl Benz's 1886 Benz Patent Motorwagen, widely regarded as the first automobile. It is also known as the world's oldest automotive company which recently celebrated its 125th anniversary on 2011.the logo represents land air and water.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 14

 Current minor manufacturers :-

. Alpina (1965-present) . Apal (1999-present) . Artega (2006-2012) . CityEl (1987-present) . Gumpert (2004-present) . Isdera (1983-present)

TEXTILE SECTOR IN GERMANY

German Textile Machinery plays leading role in International Trade

Asia is the biggest market as it absorbed 40% of the German textile machinery exports in 2009. India is the single largest client in Asia . It alone purchased €161.3 million of the German textile machines in 2009, thus representing the largest export market for the industry. The second popular German textile machines were USA, which bought €141.7 million. The 10 largest export markets for German textile machines and accessories in 2009 were India, China (including Hong Kong), Turkey, the US, Italy, the Czech Republic, Brazil, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. The German textile business has improved in the year 2010.

Table 2: Export of German Textile Machinery Year Value (Million €) 2007 3,850 2008 3,037 2009 1,813 2010 2,689

Textile Machinery Industry in Germany:-

With an export quota of 95%, the German textile machinery industry is one of the highest export-oriented branches within the engineering industry. According to the VDMA Textile Machinery Association, in 2007 this sector exported machinery and accessories worth € 3.8 billion and saw the most successful year of this decade, however during the year 2008, the overall exports declined by 21% compared to the previous year.

The production of textile machines and equipment in Germany amounted to more than € 6 billion, whereof € 4 billion went into exports. Based upon weak economic conditions within the

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 15 most important markets, the industry had to go through a difficult year. The uncertainty on the finance markets on the one hand and the dependence of the textile industry on state subsidies in many parts of the world on the other hand, impede a well-founded prognosis.

Spinning machinery remained the largest seller of German textile machinery industry with an export value of € 1,099 million in 2008, though it was increasing at a slower pace from 2005. The growth of knitting and hosiery machinery was declined to 8%, to reach € 1,024 million. Germany sold € 660 million of finishing machinery and € 254 million of weaving machinery.

Value: Million € Export of German Textile Machinery Machines 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Spinning 828 993 1,407 1,650 1,099 Weaving 640 245 290 351 254 Knitting and Hosiery 640 598 1,217 1,115 1,024 Finishing 496 647 737 684 660 Parts & Accessories 1,001 933 - - - Total 3,605 3,416 3,651 3,850 3,037 The parts and accessories are assigned as the adequate machinery field. Source: German Textile Machinery Association (VDMA)

Germany is not only known for high-quality machinery, but also for excellent after-sale service all around the globe. In Germany, universities and technical colleges conduct intensive research in the fields of mechanical and textile engineering. As a result, new practical solutions for more modern technologies are explored and implemented in new marketable machinery. Today, there is hardly any area of life without the use of textiles.

Automation construction, landscaping and medicine are just a few examples of the various fields of textile applications. However, the requirements are infinitely different from one another. By creating the so-called “smart textile”, most of these demands could be fulfilled, and German textile technology contributes to a large extent to this developments. Delivering their products to more than 150 countries, most German companies have already established local subsidiaries and manufacturing facilities in many foreign markets. Their main purpose is direct contact to their customers and flexibility to react faster to the ever-changing trends in the textile world.

This proximity to the target markets guarantees the best preconditions for fast deliveries of tailor- made plants and flexible system solutions. This innovative character of production enables customers to produce competitive textiles to prevail in the market. Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 16

HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN GERMANY

• Life Expectancy: 75.8 m/ 81.9 f • Infant Mortality: 4.1 per 1000 • Population >65: 19.4% • Leading mortality causes: 50% heart disease, 25% cancer (more heart disease and lung cancer than other European nations) • Health care expenditures as % of GDP: 11.1 • Health care expenditures per capita: $2,996 US

FINANCING THE GERMAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

• 60% Compulsory & voluntary contributions to statutory health insurance • 21% General taxation • 11% Patient payments (modest co-payments) • 7% Private Insurance • If you earn less than ~ $40K you must carry sickness insurance • Amount of premium RAISES according to increased salary from 8.5 to 17% • Physicians—Surplus! High salaries! – 3.4 per 1000 population – 55% are generalists – Most generalists are in private practice but belong to professional association to negotiate rates – 831 public hospitals – 835 independent, not-for-profit denominational) – 374 private hospitals

EXPORT IMPORT SECTOR

• Export market share – Globally: recovery since 2000 – From 16-20% among industrial countries – From 37-40% in Euro area • GDP growth – Since 2000: 80% of growth from net exports

Germany has a 9 percent share of the world’s merchandise exports, larger than that of the United States, an economy that is four times its size. It is Europe’s export leader and has strengthened its

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 17 position as Europe’s growth engine during the crisis as exports rebounded to grow by 14 percent in 2010 after falling in 2009. German exports have almost doubled as a share of GDP since 1990.

Finally, a long-term mindset has encouraged medium and large businesses to maintain sizeable investments in R&D, totaling more than 2.5 percent of GDP. Germany’s economic performance has helped others in Europe: a 1 percent increase in German GDP increases eurozone output by 0.5 percent and Central European GDP by 1 percent.

Many countries want to fuel their economic growth with exports. Germany has been exceptionally successful in achieving this objective. Thanks to growing exports (the growth rate of exports was 14.2 percent in 2010) the country was able to quickly emerge from the recent economic crisis.

Europe’s export leader As one of the global leaders in merchandise trade, Germany accounts for about 9 percent of world merchandise exports (see figure 30 and figure 31, in appendix). Although the country lost the title of world’s biggest merchandise exporter to China in 2009, it is still first in Europe.

German exports as a share of GDP rose from 24.8 percent in 1990 to 47.5 percent in 2008, falling

GERMANY AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is important for the country's food security and also a provider of jobs. It produces about DM84 billion worth of goods annually and purchases goods for around DM52 billion. Over 80 percent of Germany's land is used for agriculture and forestry. Like other sectors of the economy, it has undergone profound structural changes in the second half of the 20th century.

Attracted by a better income, many farmers left agriculture for the industrial and service sectors. Family farms predominate in Germany's old western states, and in 1997, 87 percent of all farmers in western Germany worked on fewer than 124 acres. Individual farm enterprises have also gained ground in the east: in 1997 they accounted for 80 percent of agricultural output from the eastern states, while working on only slightly more than 20 percent of the agricultural land available in the east.

Chief agricultural products include milk, pork, beef, poultry, cereals, potatoes, wheat, barley, cabbages, and sugar beets. In some regions wine, fruits, and vegetables, and other horticultural products play an important role.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 18

Agricultural products vary from region to region. In the flat terrain of northern Germany and especially in the eastern portions, cereals and sugar beets are grown. Elsewhere, on more hilly terrain, and even on mountainous land, farmers produce vegetables, milk, pork, or beef. Fruit orchards and vegetable farms surround almost all large cities.

River valleys in southern and western Germany along the Rhine and the Main,are covered with vineyards. German beer is world-renowned and is produced mainly, but not exclusively, in Bavaria. Germany has a high level of exports of farm products: in 1997, its exports had a total worth of DM42 billion. Agricultural imports amounted to DM72 billion, making Germany the world's largest importer of farm products.

Important areas of German agricultural policy have transferred to the European Union, particularly in market and price policy, foreign trade policy, and structural policy. EU agricultural reforms in 1992 cut market price supports, replacing artificial prices with government subsidies, and put stricter controls on output volume.

Through the reduction of price supports and through additional measures, the reforms promoted more effective farming methods and more ecologically safe agricultural production. The federal and state governments, in their turn, provided financial assistance for agricultural development, land consolidation, village renewal, and construction of country roads.

Special funds were available for disadvantaged areas where agriculture was an important economic and social factor. The government's requirements of good agricultural practice required that fertilization and plant protection did not exceed an established maximum, and farmers who used environmentally friendly farming methods received financial compensation in recognition of their environmental policy.

The German farming industry has many different sides: committed farmers produce healthy, diverse foods and manage a rich cultivated landscape between dykes and the Alps, between the Hohes Venn and Oderbruch (Oder swamp). In the face of a growing global population and the limited sources of fossil fuels, food supply and energy recovery from renewable resources take on increasing importance.

Crops are grown in Germany

Crops grown in Germany are: potatoes, carrots, onions, cabbage, red beets, pome fruit, legumes, grains, tomatoes, pears, zucchini and apples.

Contribution of Agricultural Sector in GDP: 0.9%

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 19

5. OVERVIEW OF BUSINESS AND TRADE AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

International Business Practices In Germany

BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS

Corporations:

German law recognizes varied corporate forms. Principal among these are: the Aktiengesellschaft (stock corporation);

Stock Corporations (AG):

The stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft- denoted AG) is a legal entity whose shares are freely transferrable on German stock exchanges. The corporate form of the AG is designed for large enterprises with an indefinite number of private stock- holders.

Establishment of an AG requires German notarization. Corporations need at least five original incorporators who subscribe to stock in the AG. These five shareholders appoint the first supervisory board which, in turn, appoints the first board of management. Such appointments need to be recorded in notarized deeds. After initial incorporation, the AG must register with the commercial registrar to become a legal entity.

Limited Liability Companies (GmbH):

Due to the flexibility offered under German law, the closed corporation (limited liability company, GesellschaftmitbeschrankerHaftung - denoted GmbH) is particularly popular. The majority of German subsidiaries of foreign corporations are GmbHs rather than AGs (Aktiengesellschaften, or public stock corporations).

Establishment of a GmbH is simple and its by-laws can be more specifically tailored to the requirements of the shareholder(s). Incorporation in Germany (or acquisition of a German company) is not subject to government control or authorization, with the exception of merger control.

The German law concerning the different types of companies is codified either as part of the commercial code or in the form of special laws, such as the GmbH law. It provides for a legal

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 20 entity separate from its shareholders ,who may be individuals, partnerships, or corporations, and whose liability is limited to an amount equal to their subscription to the stated equity capital.

The company may have as few as one shareholder, with a minimum capitalization of DM 50,000. There is no requirement that the managing director(s) be a German citizen or resident. A GmbH must be registered with the commercial register in the local court where the company will have its registered office. The application for registration must be signed in notarized form by all managing directors.

Branches and Subsidiaries:

In contrast to a subsidiary, a branch is not a separate legal entity distinct from the parent company. Branches can be dependent or independent. Independent branches must appoint a formal branch manager. Whether dependent or independent, the foreign corporation is fully liable for branch debt obligations. For tax purposes, foreign firms that operate in Germany usually prefer wholly or partly owned subsidiaries to branch offices, which are normally used only on an initial, short-term basis. The local presence of a branch may subject the foreign company to local legal jurisdiction.

Partnerships:

German law also recognizes various forms of partnerships. The general commercial partnership (offeneHandelgesellschaft - denoted OHG) and the limited commercial partnership (Kommandit- gesellschaft - denoted KG) are roughly analogous to general and limited partnerships in the United States. As in the United States, the liability of partners for the debts of the partnership is determined by the nature of the partnership and the partnership agreement itself.

EXPORTING

Exporters to Germany are generally free to conduct export transactions. No specific incentives are offered by the government, although export assistance is offered to German businesses or branches of foreign- owned businesses which operate in Germany and are involved in exporting to certain markets. There are restrictions on strategic goods and agricultural commodities. Trade in listed goods is subject to licensing by the Bundesamt fur Wirtschaft (Federal Office for the Economy). Germany cedes much of its trade negotiating power to the European Community, which is its official representative at the GATT negotiations.

DISTRIBUTION

Agents and Distributors: Agents and distributors are common intermediaries for marketing products in Germany. Agents (Handelsvertreter) are independent contractors who typically have

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 21 long-lasting relationships with their principals. Agents seek to secure and safeguard markets for principals by arranging contracts. Some agents will make arrangements on the principal's behalf, but only if the contract governing their relationship specifies this understanding. Distri- butors (Vertragshandler) are also independent contractors. However, they act under their own name and on their own account. Distributors will buy products and sell them to customers at their own risk. Commission agents and brokers are other types of intermediaries which are recognized and operate in Germany.

The Commercial Code and the German Civil Code serve as the principal laws governing principal-agent relationships. The Codes allow "choice of law" clauses. Choice of law allows parties to select the law that will govern their agreement. German courts will generally adhere to this selection. However, waivers of the agent's right to receive compensation for unjust termination of the agency agreements are not valid prior to termination of the agreement. With the exception of termination notice, the parties are free to decide independently the terms of their agreement.

With respect to the issue of contract termination, the Commercial Code provides for minimum termination notice terms. The laws governing these terms vary in relationship to the duration of the agreement, however, some general information and guidelines are provided as follows:

* Minimum termination notices vary from a six-week termination notice (effective at the end of the calendar quarter for contracts of up to three years duration) to a three-month notice when the contract has been in effect for more than three years.

* Indefinite term agreements may be terminated by giving the second party the adequate termination notice. Definite term agreements may be terminated before expiration date for "just cause". Termination notice must be served, unless termination is due to just cause.

* Compensation for termination is received when termination is not due to just cause. An agent's compensation for unjust termination generally amounts to the value of the benefits that the agent would have acquired during the omitted notice period. If proper notice is given, compensation may be claimed for the value of the goodwill developed by the agent.

* The principal is under no obligation to compensate the agent if the agent fails to perform according to the requirements of the contract.

Exclusive representational agreements effective with the EC should be carefully worded to avoid violation of Articles 85-86 of the Treaty of Rome on antitrust and restrictive business practices. Furthermore, principals and agents should realize that German law is secondary to EC law.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 22

If both parties continue business and abide by the terms of the agreement after a definite term contract has expired, the agreement will be considered renewed for an indefinite term.

Indemnification and compensation may not be waived in a contract or prior to termination. The agent has one year to raise a claim for compensation or indemnification.

The termination of a distributorship agreement is governed by section 89 of the Commercial Code. Provisions for notification of termination and extension or non-renewal of contracts are governed by the agency agreements. Upon termination of a distributorship agreement, the distributor must transfer all relevant customers to the principal.

Import Restrictions:

German regulatory policy has few restrictions on the importation of goods, services, and capital. Military equipment and pharmaceuticals may be imported only under special licenses. Import quotas established by the EC apply to goods destined for Germany or through Germany for other member states.

COMMERCIAL POLICIES

Free-Trade Zones: Germany maintains a number of "free ports", or "free zones" within a port, that are roughly equivalent to U.S. foreign- trade zones. Those ports or zones are not part of Germany customs territory. Goods may be shipped to a port or zone, handled, processed and re- shipped without incurring duties. German law also recognizes the "bonded warehouse" in which imported goods may be stored for up to five years without liability for duty.

Exchange Controls: At present, no exchange control restrictions are in force, although various reporting requirements are in effect for tax purposes.

FOREIGN INVESTMENT Germany offers an attractive investment climate. Foreign firms are generally treated as equals to national firms when investing. There is no limit on the percent of equity foreigners may own, or on the size of their investment.

No license is required for any type of investment, although certain large-scale investments, and other investments that may affect national security, are precluded. Certain investments must be reported for statistical purposes. Investments are not subject to foreign- exchange controls. Profits and dividends may be freely repatriated without restrictions of any kind. Germany has a well-established system of arbitration of commercial disputes, and enforces (through its courts) arbitral awards.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 23

Germany is also a signatory to the UN Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards.

GERMANY’S EXPORT

German overseas' exports more than offset a sharp drop in demand from debt-stricken euro zone countries in the first half of 2012. Strong demand from the US, China and Russia helped Germany stave off a recession.

German exports posted a solid gain between January and June, rising by 4.8 percent to a total volume of 550.5 billion euros ($690.8 billion), according to data released by the German Statistics Office Thursday.

But while exports by Europe's biggest economy to nations outside the European Union surged by 11.1 percent, they grew only a meager 0.7 percent in relation to the 27-nation bloc.

Germany's key European trading partners took in exports worth 319.1 billion euros in the first half of 2012.

By comparison, German goods and services shipped overseas grew to 231.4 billion euros, increasing the share of so-called non-EU states in the country's overall export volume to 42 percent, compared with 39.7 percent in the same period a year ago.

Demand from the crisis-hit eurozone even dropped, as the 17 nations comprising the currency area bought 1.2 percent fewer German products at a total value of 211.6 billion euros.

This included a 14.3 percent drop in exports to Portugal, and a decline of 9.2 percent for Greece. German exports to Italy and Spain also fell by 8.2 percent and 9.4 percent respectively.

The decline was compensated by robust demand for German goods from countries such as the United States, China, Russia and Japan.

Exports to the US rose 18.6 percent, while China imported 8.6 percent more from Germany. Deliveries to Japan jumped a staggering 19.9 percent, as exports to Russia grew 14.8 percent.

Economists said Germany's ongoing export boom had helped the country avoid the type of recession that had been holding many of its fellow eurozone members in a tight grip since the beginning of the year.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 24

BOOM IN EXPORT

Strong demand in countries such as China, India and Brazil has disproportionally contributed to booming German exports, a new study has found. But Germany's trade with emerging economies is not a one-way affair.

In 2011, German exports to the four biggest emerging economies Brazil, India, Russia and China generated seven times the revenue that they did 15 years ago. This growth was clearly outpacing exports to other countries, whose value rose just 2.5 times over that period, data published by the German Statistics Office (Destatis) on Wednesday showed.

Last year, those countries - also known as BRIC states - bought goods and services worth 121.2 billion euros ($152.1 billion) from Germany, compared with just 17.5 billion euros in 1996.

Destatis data showed that the four economies' share of Germany's total volume of exports had grown from 4.3 percent in 1996 to 11.4 percent 15 years later.

"Primarily, trade with China developed dynamically," Destatis said in a statement, as exports to the Asian country had "disproportionally" grown at a pace of 17.8 percent on average per year.

Exports to other BRIC states rose by an annual average of 11 percent over this period, meaning they still outpaced overall German export growth of 6.7 percent since 1996.

German goods highly demanded by those countries were machines and cars, Destatis said.

IMPORT BOOM

Destatis noted that BRIC imports to Germany had also been booming in the past one and a half decades, soaring from 21.7 billion euros in 1996 to 138.8 billion euros last year.

As imports from the four emerging economies were rising twice as fast as those from other countries, BRIC boosted their share of the total volume of German imports from 6.1 percent to 15.4 percent over that period.

While Russia and Brazil were shipping mainly raw materials and agricultural commodities to Germany, Chinese exports largely consisted of computers, mobile phones and other consumer electronics goods, the German statisticians found.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 25

6. PRESENT TRADE RELATION BETWEEN INDIA & GERMANY

Economic Relations between India and Germany

Besides its head office in Mumbai, the Indo-German Chamber of Commerce has branch offices in Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Pune and a liaison office in Düsseldorf. In addition to this, IGCC has established 9 India-Desks in various bi-national Chambers of Commerce abroad, 18 different Chambers of Commerce & Industry in Germany and has one representative in Brussels. To facilitate better business contacts in India, it has appointed 17 honorary representatives in other towns and cities of the subcontinent.

International is the Services Department of the Indo-German Chamber of Commerce. It provides Single Window Business Solutions for companies planning to do business with India or Germany. The Market Entry Service is our core service and is supported by Business Advisory, Taxation and Legal services and Recruitment. Other important services include Market Research, Business Partner Search, Event Management, Property Search, PR & Press amongst others. We extend complete support, tailored to the needs of small and medium-sized companies. Over the last 6 years, we have supported more than 150 German companies to get established in India. Indo- German Chamber of Commerce (IGCC) has eventually expanded into the largest foreign chamber of commerce and trade in India and has also become the largest German bi-national Chamber globally. In 2006 the IGGC celebrated its 50th year of trade and commerce relations. India also partnered with the Germans in the 2006 Hannover Fair, which is recognized as the world’s largest technology fair. The IGGC have set up a goal to achieve trade up to 20 billion Euros by 2012. The trade volume between India and Germany during the first half of 2011 increased over 26% over the same period last year. Indian exports grew impressively – by nearly 36% to reach a figure of €3,919 million. Indian imports too registered a healthy increase of 19.6% to touch €5,152 million during the first six months of this year (Table 3). If this growth trend is kept up, the target of €20 million by 2012 set by German Chancellor, Dr. Angela Merkel, and Indian Prime Minister, Dr. Man Mohan Singh, may well become reality sooner than expected

India’s overall Exports to Germany

The bilateral trade relations between India and Germany have remarkably increased over the years and both Indian and German firms have had their share of investment. Post recession period Indian exports to Germany have seen an incredible growth in 2010, recording a total increase of 21.5%. The figures of total exports have touched to Euro 6.2 billion.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 26

India's exports to Germany may touch Rs 14,560 Cr in '11  India's exports to Germany are likely to touch Rs 14,560 crore (Euro 2.8 billion) in 2011, according to the Indo-German Export Promotion Project.  Indian exports to Germany recorded an 8.3 per cent increase in January-March 2011 as compared to the same period last year.  However, German exports to India during the first quarter of the current year declined by 15.3 per cent.  "This dip is mainly due to the steep increase in the exchange rate of the Euro," IGEP said, adding India is likely to record a surplus in the bilateral trade.  The Indo-German bilateral trade is expected to cross the figure of Euro 5 billion (approximately Rs 26,000 crore) during 2011 (January-December).  The total Indo-German bilateral trade in 2010 stood at Euro 4.94 billion (Rs 23,000 crore).  IGEP termed the extent of last year's bilateral trade as a "big achievement" in light of the shrinking turnover in Germany's retail trade and the world economy.  "The main reason for the rise in India's exports to Germany is the further diversification of the Indian export market," D Kebschull, director, IGEP, said.  The exports of industrial machinery, electronics, chemical products, pharmaceuticals and bulk drug have grown considerably. They account for 25 per cent of the export earnings from Germany. Pharmaceuticals and bulk drugs have grown by more than 50 per cent in 2010.

Roughly 20 Indian ICT companies participated in CeBIT under ESC banner. The mass participation of the Indian companies clearly indicated their increasing interest of investment in the EU region, with Germany being a prime target. ICT products as ERP, business process management, business intelligence, vertical market solutions, managed services, internet solutions, web content management, ecommerce, web design and technologies and many others were on display at the CeBIT. ESC has been a regular participant at the CeBIT since last many years. The Indian companies under ESC have expressed their interests in setting up joint ventures, having further marketing associations with the EU. The ESC has reportedly mentioned that there has been a remarkable rise in ICT exports from India to Germany.

Figures of Indo-German Export Market

Overall the export industry is growing day by day and the figures indicate a rise in the trade between the two countries. The textile industry accounts for the highest trade with figures of export touching Euro 1.5 Billion. The second position is occupied by the chemical products which are worth about Euro 585 million. Data processing, electronics and optical equipment with €579 million come next to it. The fourth and fifth spots are taken by machinery with €418 million and leather products by €396 million.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 27

German Exports to India

Germany, which is one of the world’s leading exporter’s stands in the fifth position globally as India’s trade associate. It is also the largest trading partner within the European Union. Germany shares a notable 11 percent of the total business dealings between EU and India. German exports to India grew to €8.2 billion, advancing at a rate of over 12 per cent in 2008. In 2009, this figure reduced by 1.2 percent to arrive at €8.1 billion.

Products exported to Germany Indian exports to Germany from textiles, to IT solutions, leather, agricultural produce, glass materials etc.

7. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF GERMANY

POLITICS OF GERMANY

Germany is a federal parliamentary republic, based on representative democracy. The Chancellor is the head of government, while the President of Germany is the head of state, which is a ceremonial role with substantial reserve powers. Executive power is vested in the Federal Cabinet (Bundesregierung), and federal legislative power is vested in the Bundestag (the parliament of Germany) and the Bundesrat (the representative body of the Länder, Germany's regional states).

There is a multi-party system that, since 1949, has been dominated by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). The judiciary of Germany is independent of the executive and the legislature. The political system is laid out in the 1949 constitution, the Grundgesetz (Basic Law), which remained in effect with minor amendments after 1990's German reunification.

The constitution emphasizes the protection of individual liberty in an extensive catalogue of human rights and divides powers both between the federal and state levels and between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

ECONOMIC OVERVIEW

Finance Minister: Hans Eichel

Currency: Euro

Exchange Rate (03/12/03): 1 US Dollar = 0.90 Euro

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 28

Gross Domestic Product (GDP, nominal, 2002E): $1.98 trillion (2003E): $2.16 trillion

Real GDP Growth Rate (2002E): 0.2% (2003F): 0.5%

Inflation Rate (consumer prices, 2002E): 1.3% (2003E): 1.7%

Unemployment Rate (2002E) 9.8% (2003F): 10.2%

Exports of Goods (2002E): $614 billion

Imports of Goods (2002E): $495 billion

Major Trading Partners (2000): France, U.S., U.K., Italy, Netherlands

Major Export Products (2000): Machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals

Major Import Products (2000): Machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, other finished goods, fuels

SOCIAL CULURE

Germany’s ethno-cultural diversity and the plurality of its life-style, preferences and way of thinking make it an open-minded and tolerant society. Despite various social changes, family continues to be a significant unit of identity and pride.

Good education, high standard of living, considerable freedom and the spirit to live life fully, give the country a positive force to face transitions and challenges.

German Culture

Germany has a vibrant, rich and an interesting cultural life. Names like Goethe, Beethoven and Bach are already identified with the traditional culture of the country. Even in the present era, names like the painter, Gerhard Richter, director, Fatih Akin, etc. are fast becoming synonymous with the cultural identity of Germans.

People here are quite fond of and love to participate in fun games, sports, concerts, contests, etc. while simultaneously appreciating the nuances of a traditional or modern ballet, painting, theatre and music Apart from the works of great German poets, painters and musicians, its rich

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 29 cultural heritage is also visible in its magnificent architectural wonders. Germany is probably one of the best examples where one can find simultaneous existence of historical buildings and modern constructions.

It also has a well established German Culture Council (Deutscher Kulturrat e.V.), which is the umbrella organisation, coordinating the activities of the Federal Culture Associations. It acts as a mediator or connecting link between the Federation on one hand and the European Union on the other, in all matters related to cultural policy.

TECNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Present Day Currently six German companies dominate the automotive industry in the country: Volkswagen AG, BMW AG, Daimler AG, Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, Adam Opel AG and Ford-Werke GmbH. Nearly six million vehicles are produced in Germany each year, and approximately 5.5 million are produced overseas by German brands. [9] Alongside the United States, China and Japan, Germany is one of the top 4 automobile manufacturers in the world. The Volkswagen Group is one of the three biggest automotive companies of the world (along with Toyota and General Motors).

The Chevrolet Volt and its Voltec Technology have been invented and developed first and foremost by the former German Opel engineer Frank Weber and—still today— some of the most important parts of the development of GM's electric vehicles is done in Germany. [10]

Current major manufacturers

Audi

Audi (1909-1939; 1965-present) is a luxury automobile manufacturer headquartered in Ingolstadt, and has been subsidiary of Volkswagen AG since 1966, following a phased purchase of its predecessor, Auto Union, from its former owner, Daimler-Benz.

Volkswagen relaunched the Audi brand with the introduction of the Audi F103 series in 1965.

BMW

Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) (1916-present) is an automobile, motorcycle and engine manufacturing company founded in 1917. It also owns and produces the Mini marque, and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW produces motorcycles under BMW Motorrad and Husqvarna brands. In 2010, the BMW group produced 1,481,253 automobiles and 112,271

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 30 motorcycles across all its brands.The elaboration of BMW is Bavarian Motor Work.

Mercedes-Benz

Mercedes-Benz (1886-present) is a manufacturer of luxury automobiles, as well as buses, coaches, and trucks and a division of Daimler AG. The name first appeared in 1926 under Daimler-Benz but traces its origins to Daimler's 1901 Mercedes and to Karl Benz's 1886 Benz Patent Motorwagen, widely regarded as the first automobile. It is also known as the world's oldest automotive company which recently celebrated its 125th anniversary on 2011.the logo represents land air and water.

Opel

Porsche

Volkswagen

ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW

 Minister for Environment: Juergen Trittin  Total Energy Consumption (2001E): 14.35 quadrillion Btu* (3.6% of world total energy consumption)  Energy-Related Carbon Emissions (2001E): 223.2 million metric tons of carbon (3.4% of world total carbon emissions)  Per Capita Energy Consumption (2000E): 170.4 million Btu (vs U.S. value of 351 million Btu)  Per Capita Carbon Emissions (2000E): 2.7 metric tons of carbon (vs U.S. value of 5.6 metric tons of carbon)  Energy Intensity (2000E): 5,217 Btu/ $1995 (vs U.S. value of 10,918 Btu/ $1995)  Carbon Intensity (2000E): 0.8 metric tons of carbon/thousand $1995 (vs U.S. value of 0.17 metric tons/thousand $1995)

Status in Climate Change Negotiations: Annex I country under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (ratified December 9th, 1993). Under the negotiated Kyoto Protocol (signed on April 29th, 1998, but not yet ratified), Germany, as a member of the European Union, has agreed to reduce greenhouse gases 8% below 1990 levels by the 2008- 2012 commitment period.

Major Environmental Issues: Emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries and lead emissions from vehicle exhausts (the result of continued use of leaded fuels) contribute to air

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 31 pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; heavy pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous waste disposal.

Major International Environmental Agreements are signed to control pollution. The total energy consumption statistic includes petroleum, dry natural gas, coal, net hydro, nuclear, geothermal, solar, wind, wood and waste electric power. The renewable energy consumption statistic is based on International Energy Agency (IEA) data and includes hydropower, solar, wind, tide, geothermal, solid biomass and animal products, biomass gas and liquids, industrial and municipal wastes. Sectoral shares of energy consumption and carbon emissions are also based on IEA data.

LEGAL ANALYSIS

Legislature

Main articles: Bundestag and Bundesrat of Germany

Federal legislative power is divided between the Bundestag and the Bundesrat. The Bundestag is directly elected by the German people, whilst the Bundesrat represents the regional states (Länder). The federal legislature has powers of exclusive jurisdiction and concurrent jurisdiction with the states in areas specifically enumerated by the constitution.

The Bundestag is more powerful than the Bundesrat and only needs the latter's consent for proposed legislation related to revenue shared by the federal and state governments, and the imposition of responsibilities on the states. In practice, this means that the agreement of the Bundesrat in the legislative process is very often required, as federal legislation often has to be executed by state or local agencies. In the event of disagreement between the Bundestag and the Bundesrat, a conciliation committee is formed to find a compromise.

Judiciary

Main article: Judiciary of Germany Constitutional court in Karlsruhe The judicial system comprises three types of courts.

Ordinary courts, dealing with criminal and most civil cases, are the most numerous by far. The Federal Court of Justice of Germany is the highest ordinary court and also the highest court of appeals. Specialized courts hear cases related to administrative, labour, social, fiscal, and patent law.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 32

Constitutional courts focus on judicial review and constitutional interpretation. The Federal Constitutional Court is the highest court dealing with constitutional matters. The main difference between the Federal Constitutional Court and the Federal Court of Justice is that the Federal Constitutional Court may only be called if a constitutional matter within a case is in question (e.g. a possible violation of human rights in a criminal trial), while the Federal Court of Justice may be called in any case.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 33

PART – II MICRO ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRY/SECTOR OF GERMANY

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 34

Introduction of Energy Sector

Solar power in Germany

Germany is the world's top PV installer, with a solar PV capacity as of December 2012 of more than 32.3 GW. The German new solar PV installations increased by about 7.6 GW in 2012 and solar PV provided 18 TWh of electricity in 2011, about 3% of total electricity. Some market analysts expect this could reach 25 percent by 2050. Germany has a goal of producing 35% of electricity from renewable sources by 2020 and 100% by 2050. Large PV power plants in Germany include Senftenberg Solar park, FinsterwaldePark, Lieberose Photovoltaic Park, Strasskirchen Park, Waldpolenz Solar Park, and Köthen Park.

Overview

The German solar PV industry installed 7.6 GW in 2012 and 7.5 GW in 2011, and solar PV provided 18 TWh of electricity in 2011, about 3% of total electricity. On midday of Saturday May 26, 2012, solar energy provided over 40% of total electricity consumption in Germany, and 20% for the 24h-day. The federal government has set a target of 66 GW of installed solar PV capacity by 2030, to be reached with an annual increase of 2.5–3.5 GW, and a goal of 80% of electricity from renewable sources by 2050. From 3.5 GW to 4 GW are expected to be installed in 2013. Solar power in Germany has been growing considerably due to the country's feed-in tariffs for renewable energy which were introduced by the German Renewable Energy Act. Prices of PV systems have decreased more than 50% in 5 years since 2006.

As of 2012, the Fit costs about 14 billion Euros (US$18 billion) per year for wind and solar installations. The cost is spread across all rate-payers in a surcharge of 3.6 €ct (4.6 ¢) per kWh(approximately 15% of the total domestic cost of electricity).On the other hand, as expensive peak power plants are displaced, the price at the power exchange is reduced due to the so-called merit order effect.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 35

Germany set a world record for solar power production with 22 GW produced at midday on Friday 25 and Saturday 26 May 2012. This was a third of peak electricity needs on Friday and almost half on Saturday

A feed-in tariff is the most effective means of developing solar power.[16] It is the same as a power purchase agreement, but is at a much higher rate. As the industry matures, it is reduced and becomes the same as a power purchase agreement. A feed-in tariff allows investors a guaranteed return on investment - a requirement for development. A primary difference between a tax credit and a feed-in tariff is that the cost is born the year of installation with a tax credit, and is spread out over many years with a feed-in tariff. In both cases the incentive cost is distributed over all consumers. This means that the initial cost is very low for a feed-in tariff and very high for a tax credit. In both cases the learning curve reduces the cost of installation, but is not a large contribution to growth, as grid parity is still always reached.[17]

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 36

Present position of the solar company’s in Germany

Solar Energy Companies / the Top Ten

Companies across the globe continuously find better and more efficient ways to produce and distribute solar energy. There are also product companies that strive to develop solar powered technologies. Below are the topten companies in the world that work to produce solar powered materials.

1) Q-Cell– A German company that is considered the largest manufacturer of photovoltaic cells in the world. Its total production in 2008 amounted to 574MW and is expected to reach 1.57GW by the end of 2009.

2) Sharp Solar– A subsidiary of the Japanese electronics company Sharp. In 2004, it produced 342MW which accounted for 25% of that year’s world solar energy production. It is expected to produce 1GW by 2010.

3) Suntech-Power – A China-based company that works with solar power. It is considered the world’s largest manufacturer of solar modules and is expected to generate up to 2GW by 2010.

4) Global.Kyocera – A Japanese solar energy company that has production bases not only in Japan but also in China, Mexico, and Europe. It is expected to generate 650MW by 2012.

5) First Solar – A US-based solar energy company with production facilities in Malaysia and Germany. It is considered the world’s largest producer of thin film cells with an annual production capacity of over 500MW. It is expected to reach 1GW towards the end of 2009.

6) Motech Solar- A major producer of photovoltaic’s in Taiwan and China. It has an annual production capacity of 450MW and is expected to reach 600MW towards the end of 2009.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 37

7) SolarWorld-A German company that works with solar power, with business units in Europe, Africa, North America, and Asia. By 2007, it had an estimated production capacity of 385MW for silicon , 205MW for solar cells, and 185MW for solar modules.

8) Sanyo: A Japanese electronics company that caters mostly to Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Scandinavian countries. In 2008, its production capacity was at 340MW and it expected to increase to 600MW by the end of 2010.

9) Yingli Solar – A Chinese solar energy company with facilities in Germany, Portugal and Spain. In 2008, its production capacity was at 400MW and is expected to reach 600MW towards the end of 2009.

10) JA Solar – A China-based solar cell manufacturer that caters to South Korea, Germany, Spain, Sweden, and the United States. In 2007, it produced 277MW and is expected to increase its production capacity to 550MW towards the end of 2009.

There are many other notable solar energy companies in the world such as Solar Systems (http://www.solarsystems.com.au) which is building a large heliostat concentrator photovoltaic solar power station in Victoria, Australia. This plant is expected to have the capacity to generate 11MW of solar power

Overview of solar and wind energy:

Solar and wind energy is "inexhaustible", and pollution-free renewable energy. Rapid development of science and technology, development and utilization of solar and wind energy gradually, and has become the most promising environmentally friendly energy sources.

Hybrid energy: Hybrid energy systems have been design to generate electricity from different sources, such solar panels and wind turbines. Hybrid energy systems consist of a combination between fossil fuels and renewable energy sources, and are used in conjunction with energy storage equipment.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 38

This is done either to reduce the cost of generating electricity from fossil fuels or to provide backup system for a renewable energy system, ensuring continuity of power supply when the renewable energy source fluctuates.

One of the biggest downfalls of renewable energy is that energy supply is not constant; sources like solar and wind power fluctuate in intensity due to the weather and seasonal changes.

Therefore, a reliable backup system is necessary for renewable energy generating stations that are not connected to a national power grid.

These systems consist of a variety of power control methods and storage equipment which include battery banks and diesel generators among others.

The Wind Solar Hybrid System that we manufacture and supply is used for different applications, across industries. The Wind Solar Hybrid System makes use of both solar and wind energy to manufacture electricity. We use 60% of wind energy and 40 % solar energy to generate power efficiently. Clients can also get subsidy from the concerned government department according to the rules.

 If it wants to produce as much power with wind and solar as we consume, it turns out that we need reliable power plants with a capacity of 91% of peak demand.  Combined capacity of wind and solar has dropped to around 19%.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 39 juwi Wind and Solar Plant in Egypt is Remote-Controlled from Germany: German project developer juwi has installed their first combined wind and solar plant in Egypt to be used for desalinating and pumping irrigation water for farms and it is monitored and controlled remotely from Germany. Located halfway between the bustling cities of Cairo and Alexandria in Wadi El-Natrun, the new plant is comprised of four 12 kilowatt wind turbines and a 50 kilowatt photovoltaic array, along with battery storage of around 500 kilowatt (KW) hours that allows farmers to pump water twenty four hours a day, seven days a week.

Storage:  Due to seasonal variation systems with solar and wind power need MORE storage.  Combining wind and solar, we find that we need storage for 13% of yearly production while about 10% is enough with solar capacity limited to 21% of wind capacity

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 40

Solar and wind hybrid street light System

Solar and Wind Hybrid Street Light Systems is Green Energy Solution. The power source of a wind solar hybrid street lighting system is natural wind and solar radiation. This hybrid system is more cost-effective and reliable in the wind available zone.

The whole system can also be used for home power generation and capacity will depend on load. The hybrid lighting systems are self-sufficient, standalone solutions that do not require the construction of costly mains grid electricity supply infrastructure or the burden of their associated operating expenses. The systems are ideal solutions for many applications in cities and rural areas, providing lighting to enhance security and safety.

Power generation is dependent on the availability of wind and solar radiation.

 System output : DC and AC current simultaneously, and a wide voltage range  Automatic system operation  Wind Turbine can be from 300W to 4200W in the wind velocity range of 3.1 m/sec to 15 m/sec.  System consists of Luminaries, Lighting pole from 5M to 30M height, Deep Cycle Tubular Lead Acid Battery, Solar Panels, etc.  The Lighting Fixture available in different type, lighting bulb in different Lumen flux

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 41

System Features

o A long life span of system components -

- Wind turbine with 15 years - Solar module with 25 years

System benefits

o Ecologically sound o Clean renewable energy o Environment friendly o Low Maintenance

Cost effective long term lighting solutions

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 42

Solar Energy in every home Introduction

The Germans know how to construct new buildings with practically no heating in the German climate, with an investment of 5 to 12% more than usual.

A house bearing the Passivhaus label must have:

 heat consumption of 15 KWh/m²/year of primary energy,  total primary energy consumption of less than 120 KWh/m²/year,  maximum air tightness of 0.6 volume/hour.

The five characteristics of these houses are: over-insulation from the outside with triple-glazed windows and double-flow ventilation with heat recovery and passive solar gains and low- consumption household appliances and the use of renewable energies.

Plus energy house as a green building

A Plus Energy House is essentially a passive house with a low level of energetic consumption, class A+, integrated with electric energy production plants from renewable sources that allow a complete energetic autonomy. Sometimes these plants are also able to produce a surplus of energy.

We would like to propose a model of Plus Energy House which meets the 10 rules of modern green architecture.

Major Component- Specifications Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 43

 Solar Field:  Area: 510,120 m2  209,664 mirrors – 580, 500 sq.m.  ~ 90 km receiver pipes (Schott Solar &Solel Solar)  Field η = ~ 70% peak, 50% annual avg.  Sustains wind speed of 13.6 m/s  Heat Storage:  Nitrate Molten Salt type (60% NaNO3 + 40% kNO3)  Two Tank Indirect: Cold- 292°C, Hot- 386°C  Storage: 28,000t  Back up: 7.5 Hours  Water Cooling Systems:  870,000 cu.m./year  1.2 gal/kWh

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 44

Offshore Wind Energy in Germany

In the North Sea, 45 kilometers north of the German island of Borkum, the first offshore wind farm in Germany -- called Alpha Ventus -- is finally taking shape. "Construction starts in August," Lutz Wiese, a spokesman for the project, told SPIEGEL ONLINE. Every single wind turbine will weigh 1,000 tons -- and rise nearly as high as the Cologne Cathedral

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 45

Concentrating Solar Power

Overview

 Meaning: Sunlight – Heat – Electricity  Sunlight is concentrated, using mirrors or directly, on to receivers heating the circulating fluid which generates electricity.  Electrical power is produced when the concentrated light is converted to heat, which drives a heat engine (usually a steam turbine) connected to an electrical power generator.  Solar Radiation Components:

Direct, Diffuse & Global

 Concentrating Solar Power uses- Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI)  Measuring solar Instrument: Pyrheliometer

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 46

GO GREEN INDUSTRY & RENEWABLE SOURCES OF GERMANY

INTRODUCTION TO GREEN INDUSTRY & RENEWABLE SOURCES

THE CONCEPT ON GOING GREEN

Going green is a movement that promotes ways to protect the environment.

Going green is a concept for people to learn how to make environmentally friendly choices. The green movement is dedicated to helping people become more aware of how daily choices affect the planet. Going green is also a concept that advocates making small changes to promote healthier and more environmentally friendly living.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 47

RENEWABLE ENERGY IN GERMANY

Wind turbines at the Schneebergerhof wind farm in the German state of Rheinland-Pfalz

Biogas fermented, wind turbine and photovoltaics on a farm in Horstedt, Schleswig-Holstein

GEOTHERMAL POWER

See main article: Geothermal power in Germany

The installed capacity for geothermal energy in Germany was of 8.9 MW in 2007.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 48

HYDROELECTRICITY

The total installed capacity in Germany at the end of 2006 was 4.7 GW. Hydropower meets 3.5% of the electricity demand. Latest estimates show that in Germany in 2007 approx. 9,400 people were employed in the hydropower sector which generated a total turnover of €1.23 billion.

RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS

Wind and solar power accounted for over 16% of the electricity generated in Germany in 2012

Since the passage of the Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources in 1997, Germany and the other states of the European Union have been working towards a target of 12% renewable electricity by 2010. Germany passed this target early in 2007 when the renewable energy share in electricity consumption in Germany reached 14%.[24] In September 2010 the German government announced the following new ambitious energy targets:

 Renewable electricity - 35% by 2020, 50% by 2030, 65% by 2040, and 80% by 2050  Renewable energy - 18% by 2020, 30% by 2030, and 60% by 2050  Energy efficiency - Cutting the total energy consumption by 20% from 2008 by 2020 and 50% less by 2050  Total electricity consumption - 10% below 2008 level by 2020 and 25% less by 2050

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 49

GREEN ROOF:

History

In ancient times green roofs consisted of cave like structures or sod roofs covered with earth and plants commonly used for agriculture, dwelling, and ceremonial purposes. These early shelters provided protection from the elements, good insulation during the winter months, and a cool location in the summer. Unfortunately for modern conveniences, these were neither waterproof nor was there any system to keep out unwanted burrowing wildlife.

Benefits

Before Green Infrastructure

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 50

After Green Infrastructure

For the Environment:

 Prevent combined sewer overflow  Reduce carbon monoxide impact  Remove nitrogen pollution from rain  Neutralize acid rain effect  Provide habitat for wildlife

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 51

GREEN OFFICE

Oval Offices

Project type: New build

Building type: Offices

Area: 42.296 m²

Reference value: 183,70 kWh/m²yr

Primary energy demand: 104,70 kWh/m²yr

Energy saving: 43 %

Investment: 148.000,00 €

Energy saving: 43.00%

Building image:

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 52

Description:

In the Cologne Oval Offices, living forms and facades, a highly practical interior and an elaborate ecological concept come together in an inspiring masterpiece. The envelope is insulated with insulation material. The folding shutters are the sunscreens. They are made out of colored glas and automatically controlled. Heating: Long distance heating, single room control. Cooling device: Coolness is produced with ground-water. Ventilation: Heat recovery (WRG 80%).

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 53

GERMAN GREEN PARTY BAG TAX PLAN EQUAL TO ECO POPULISM, SAYS INDUSTRY

Plastic is:

 Mostly single use  Impacting marine life and our ocean  Impacting human health  Political

What’s the effect on the environment?

There are about 46,000 pieces of plastic floating in each square mile of our oceans.

It is estimated that plastic kills up to 1 million sea birds, 100,000 sea mammals and countless fish each year.

Reduce

• Train clerks to bag properly – more items per bag

Reuse

• Plastic bags can be used for: • Trash liners • School lunche • Pet waste disposal

What can retailers do?

Buy or produce your own reusable bags using our Bag Selector. Materials include paper, calico, polypropylene (‘green’ bags), starch-based biodegradable and hemp.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 54

Organic bags: eco one organic cotton tote

These bags are bio degradable since they are made out of organic raw materials. Even if they are discarded after use, they will not harm the land and ocean mass. They will decompose with time as they are naturally degradable. These bags can be used to carry grocery or clothes or any light weight items. Weighing around 3 lbs, these bags are made out of organic cotton. These are natural colored and additional features include shoulder length handles and accommodate a wide design. The imprint area is huge and hence it is easy to spot the logo.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 55

Automobile Sector of Germany

History

Germany is considered to be the birthplace of the automobile since Karl Benz and Nikolaus Otto independently developed four-stroke internal combustion engines in the late 1870s, with Benz fitting his design to a coach in 1887, which led to the modern day motor car. By 1901, Germany was producing about 900 cars a year. In 1926, Daimler-Benz was formed from the predecessor companies of Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler and produced cars under the marque of Mercedes- Benz. In 1916 BMW was founded, but didn't start auto production until 1928.

American economist Robert A. Brady extensively documented the rationalization movement that shaped German industry in the 1920s, and although his general model of the movement applied to the automotive industry, the sector was in poor health in the later years of the Weimar Republic. Germany's slow development of the industry left the market open for major American auto manufacturers such as General Motors who took over German company Opel in 1929, and the Ford Motor Company which maintained the successful German subsidiary Ford-Werke, beginning in 1925.

The collapse of the global economy during the Great Depression in the early 1930s plunged Germany's auto industry into a severe crisis. While eighty-six auto companies had existed in Germany during the 1920s, barely twelve survived the depression, including Daimler-Benz, Opel and Ford's factory in Cologne. In addition, four of the country's major car manufacturers — Horch, Dampf Kraft Wagen (DKW), Wanderer and Audi — formed a joint venture known as the Auto Union in 1932, which was to play a leading role in Germany's comeback from the depression.

The turnabout for the German motor industry came about in the 1930s with the election of the Nazi Party to power. The Nazis instituted a policy known as Motorisierung ("motorization"), a transport policy which Adolf Hitler himself considered a key element of attempts to legitimise the Nazi government by raising the people's standard of living. In addition to development and extensions of major highway schemes, the Volkswagen project was also conceived to design and construct a robust but inexpensive "people's car".

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 56

By the end of World War II, most of the auto factories had been destroyed or badly damaged. In addition, the eastern part of Germany was under control of the Soviet Union, which dismantled much of the machinery that was left and sent it back to the Soviet Union as war reparations. Some manufacturers, such as Maybach and Adler (automobile), started up again, but did not continue making passenger cars. The Volkswagen production facility in Wolfsburg began making the Volkswagen Beetle (Type 1) in 1945, a car which it had intended to make prior to the war (under the name of KdF-Wagen), except that the factory was converted to military truck production during the war. By 1955 VW had made one million Volkswagen Beetles, and by 1965 had built ten million. Other auto manufacturers rebuilt their plants and slowly resumed production, with initial models mostly based on pre-war designs. Mercedes-Benz resumed production in 1946 with the pre-war designed 170 series. In 1951 they introduced the 220 series, which came with a more modern engine, and the 300 series. Opel revived the pre-war cars Opel Olympia in 1947 and the Opel Kapitän in 1948. (Toolings for the Opel Kadett were taken by the Soviets and used to make the Moskvitch 400-420.) Ford, which had resumed production of trucks in 1945, began building the pre-war Ford Taunus in 1948. Porsche began production of their Porsche 356 in 1948, and introduced their long-lived Porsche 911 in 1964. Borgward began production in 1949, and Goliath, Lloyd, Gutbrod, and Auto Union (DKW) began in 1950. BMW's first cars after the war were the luxurious BMW 501 and BMW 502 in 1952. In 1957 NSU Motorenwerke re-entered the car market.

Automobile manufacturers in East Germany after the war included Eisenacher Motorenwerk (EMW), which also made the Wartburg (car), and VEB Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau, which made the IFA F8 (derived from the DKW F8) and the Trabant. Initial production by EMW after the war were models that were essentially pre-war BMW 326 and BMW 327 models, as the plant in Eisenach was formerly owned by BMW.

During the mid-to-late 1950s the Bubble car became popular. BMW was the largest maker, with the BMW Isetta and BMW 600. Other makes included the Messerschmitt KR175 and KR200, the Heinkel Kabine, and the Zündapp Janus. Microcars such as the Glas Goggomobile, BMW 700, and Lloyd 600 also were popular.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 57

Introduction

Automobile in Germany

Mercedes-Benz- Germany Car Company

Daimler-Benz - German Car Company Founded: 1926, Headquarters: Stuttgart, Germany

Opel- German Car Company

Adam Opel May 9, 1837 – September 8, 1895

Opel Car Company

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 58

Volkswagen (VW) – German Car Company

Volkswagen (VW) - German Car Company Founded: Nazi Germany May 28, 1937, Founders: Ferdinand Porsche, Adolf Hitler,

Audi – German Car Company

Audi - German Car Company Founded: Zwickau, Germany 1909, Founder: August Horch, Headquarters: Ingolstadt, Germany

BMW – German Car Company

BMW - German Car Company Founded: 1916, Founder: Karl Friedrich Rapp, Headquarters: Munich, Germany

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 59

GERMANY'S AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY FACT

 Nowadays, apart nearly six million vehicles are produced in Germany every year, there are also approximately 5.5 million units that are produced overseas by German brands, and The Volkswagen Group is one of three biggest automotive companies in the world, along with Toyota and general Motors.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 60

ELECTRIC CARS IN GERMAN COMPANY

 A total of 7,497 electric cars have sold in Germany since January 2010 through September 2012.

 During 2011, a total of 2,154 electric cars were registered in the country, and sales for 2011 were led by the Mitsubishi i-MiEV family with 683 i-MiEVs, 208 Peugeot iOns and 200 Citroën C-Zeros, representing 50.6% of all electric car sales in 2011.

 A total of 2,956 electric-drive cars were registered in Germany during 2012, a 37.2% increase over 2011 sales

 Plug-in electric car sales represented a 0.10% market share of the 3,082,504 new passenger vehicles sold in the country in 2012, and most sales in the country were made by corporate and fleet customers

 Despite the slower-than-expected roll out of electric cars, young start ups are still innovating around how to make electric car charging make economic sense. Berlin-based ubitricity thinks it has a breakthrough idea with its portable charging meters.

 ubitricity claims is that the sockets themselves can be provided at a fraction of the cost of a conventional charging station.

 Its business model is to subsidize the price of a socket, making it competitive with the price of a standard power plug installed in a garage or at a parking place.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 61

DESIGNING AN ELECTRIC CAR MOBILE METER.

 The ubitricity hardware itself is nothing out of the ordinary and the start up has been cognizant of keeping to existing standards when working with naturally conservative utilities and the automotive industry.

 The start up has worked with the German equivalent of the U.S. National Institute for Standardization in Technology to ensure this and has received a German federal government grant to do so.

 The socket itself is standard, with power, voltage, a fuse, RCD, with the add-on being access management, to communicate with the meter to authorize charging. The meter itself is a fairly standard smart meter, with a mobile communication gateway, to allow access to the utility backend system.

 If the mobile network is temporarily unavailable at the end of the charge, then the data is stored for later transmission.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 62

FOLDABLE ELECTRIC CAR

Hiriko

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Hiriko electric car

Hiriko Driving Mobility Manufacturer

Assembly Vitoria-Gasteiz

Class City car Range 120 km (75 mi)[1] Length maximum 2,500 mm (98.4 in)

Kerb weight 500 kg (1,100 lb)

Related City Car

The Hiriko is a folding two-seat urban electric car being developed by the Hiriko Driving Mobility consortium in the Basque Country. The electric car is the commercial implementation of the City Car project developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab since 2003. The name Hiriko comes from the Basque word for "urban" or "from the city".

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 63

List of Car manufacturers of Germany with their Electric Car Model in India

Audi A1 E-Tron BMW i3

FORD FOCUS ELECTRIC MERCEDES-BENZ SLS EMG

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 64

Best Electric Bikes of Germany

The past year has seen an abundance of bike manufacturers entering into the electric bike arena with slick, lightweight and powerful bikes. Despite misconceptions, electric bikes allow commuters to increase their range safely and arrive to the office smelling fresh, while still getting exercise (yes, you still have to pedal an electric bike) and reducing their carbon footprint. They also continually beat cars in commuter races. An efficient electric bike may be just the push one needs to make the decision to give up the car and commute by bike. Electric bikes are also efficient for running errands, towing things (like kids), and for the elderly or for those with physical ailments. It can be difficult to navigate your way through all the options and styles available in an electric bike so we’ve done it for you. By studying forums and sites such as NYCeWheels, A to B Magazine, BikeForums.net, and Electric Bike Report, we’ve come up with a list of the best electric bikes for 2012.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 65

SUGGESTIONS

1) All the German cars are costly for developing countries. So Germany should create low cost vehicles so that it is affordable to medium class families also.

2) Growth and prominence of electric cars is not seen across world and even in India.

3) A Service center of German cars is not easily accessible because of less availability.

4) German Two wheelers are not widely prominent across world.

5) Pollution free vehicles should be soon available in the market considering the environmental aspect.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 66

TOURISM SECTOR OF GERMANY

Germany is a principal attraction for foreign tourists, and the Germans themselves are among the world's most enthusiastic tourists. Although Germany attracts millions of foreign tourists, German tourists every year spend tens of billions of deutsche marks more than foreign tourists spend in Germany. In fact, tourism constitutes a major drain on German foreign exchange.

The areas that attract the most tourists to Germany are the Alps, the Rhine and Moselle valleys, and several large cities, especially Berlin. But those are not the only attractions. Music festivals such as those at Bayreuth and Munich draw many tourists. So do some of the old German medieval cities like Rothenberg ob der Tauber and Dinkelsbhl. Because of the wealth of hiking and bicycle trails, many tourists come to the Black Forest and to other German woodlands and mountains. Since unification, tourists have increasingly visited the former East German states and especially the Baltic beaches and such cities as Leipzig and Dresden.(For further information and complete citations, see Bibliography.)

 Germany is a country located in the heart of ‘the old continent’ that has the densest population in Europe. Until 1871, Germany was not a unified country, but an association of territorial states gathered under the name of “Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation”.

You will never get bored during a trip to Germany because there are many exciting activities you can attend such as outdoor events and festivals, hiking, cycling, swimming, visit the museums, cathedrals and castles scattered all over this charming country. Germany is also a perfect destination for cultural tourists who can visit over 6000 museums scattered all over the country. There are many types of museums in Germany, enough to fit any taste and interest.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 67

INTRODUCTION OF TOURISM IN GUJARAT

 Gujarat has immense potential to become a major tourist destination. Its historical Monuments represent the great religions of Asia – Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, Islamic, Parsee and Sikh  For eco-tourists, the state offers opportunities to see a wide range of wildlife including the Asiatic lion and Indian wild ass, endangered antelopes, a variety of deer, etc. It has India’s first marine national park. Gujarat is also one of India’s most important areas for birdwatchers  There are more than 400 archaeological sites in the state including some of the most substantial excavations of Indus Valley civilization period at Lothal (near Ahmedabad),Surkotada and Dholavira  The archaeological zone of Champaner - Pavagadh have been acclaimed by UNESCO asthe “World Heritage Site” because of its great mosques, temples, stepwells andforts. The Wild Ass sanctuary,Dholavira Harappan City and Rani-Ki-Vav are in theprocess of getting status of the World Heritage site  Gujarat has many enchanting tourist places, memorable historic monuments and sacredpilgrimages, depicting the glorious cultural heritage, which can attract both Indian andinternational travellers.  The state has important pilgrimage places like Dwarka, Somnath, Dakor, Ambaji, etc forhindus, Udwada, Navsari and Surat for Parsees, Palitana, Girnar, etc for Jains.  Medical tourism is seen as having a particularly high growth potential because of The availability of high-quality, low cost surgeries at Gujarat’s hospitals. The large population of people of Gujarati origin in America, Europe and Africa Can be a major growth driver for this segment of tourism.  The domestic air traffic in Gujarat increased from 1 21 million in 2005- 06 to31.93 million in 2006-07 and the international air-traffic increased from0.13million in 2005-06to 0.33 million in 2010-11. Deccan Airways has started Helicopter services at Grinner for the tourists.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 68

TOURISM ROLE IN ECONOMY OF GERMANY

The German tourism industry, policy makers and the general public have until now no access to reliable statistical information on the economic impact of the tourism industry. Comparing the tourism industry with the rest of the economy or with other industries has therefore not been possible so far.

A general difficulty in assessing the economic role of tourism is the supply-side orientation of official statistics such as the System of National Accounts. Different industries (economic activities) are classified according to the main goods and services that they produce. Based on such information, the economic impact of supply-oriented sectors such as the automobile industry can be readily assessed based on data on production value, value added or employment.

The tourism industry, however, cuts across several sectors such as the accommodation industry, food and beverage serving industries, transport providers, or travel agencies. However, the goods and services that these industries offer are not exclusively consumed by tourists. The obvious difficulty here is that products can only be attributed to tourism to the extent that they are actually consumed by tourists. Specifying the tourism industry therefore requires a demand-side approach.

Specifically, assessing the economic impact of tourism requires to first measure tourism consumption and then to relate these findings to the different sectors that produce the consumed goods and services. Complement the official economics statistics with additional information to reveal the economic impact of tourism. To deliver accurate and credible result, this extra information must be consistent with the official economics statistics in Germany, the input-output table. A tourism statistics compiled in this way is known as a Tourism Satellite Account (TSA).

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 69

Function and Business activities of tourism

 TOURISM RELATED ACTIVITIES

The tourism sector have experienced growth and gained in importance for the economies of many developing countries and for several developed countries also,

That has been pointed out on much time. The Expert meeting on harmonization of economic classifications in 1988 and by the OECD Tourism Committee. An annex to ISIC proposed for tourism-related activities. The Statistical Office of the UN Secretariat in close with the World Tourism Organization had prepared that annex. That includes the some activities.

1. Hotels and Restaurants 2. Transport 3. Renting of Transport equipment 4. Recreational Activities 5. Cultural and Sporting Activitie.

 Hotels & Restaurant.

A. Hotels: Camping sites and provision of short stay Accommodation B. Restaurants, Bars and Canteens

 Transport storage and Communications.

A. Land Transport Transport by Rail Other land Transport Scheduled Passenger Land Transport Other Nonscheduled Passenger Land Transport B. Water Transport Sea and Coastal Water Transport

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 70

Inland Water Transport

C. Air Transport Scheduled Air Transport Nonscheduled Air Transport

 Supporting And Auxiliary Transport Activities:

A. Supporting and Auxiliary Transport Activities (Activities of Travel Agencies) B. Activities of Travel Agencies and Tour operators (Tourist Assistance Activities)

Sporting and Other Recreational Activities:

A. Sporting Activities B. Other Recreational Activities

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 71

TOP TEN PLACE OF GERMANY

1. Neuschwanstein 2. The Unique Artificial tropical Island in Germany 3. Heidelberg Old City 4. Holstentor 5. Oktoberfest 6. Lindau 7. Frauenkirche 8. Romantic Rhine 9. Rügen Cliffs

TOP TEN PLACE OF GUJARAT

1) Diu tourism 2) Laxmi vilas palace 3) Girnar Mountain Junagad 4) Gir national park and wildlife sanctuary 5) White desert – kutchh 6) Saputara Lake 7) ISKCON Temple 8) Kakariya Lake – Ahmedabad 9) Somnath jyotirlinga Temple 10) Jagad Mandir Dwarka

Type of tourism in Gujarat

 Business Tourism

Gujarat offers a model for economic progress and development of the nations. Gujarat highlights a luxurious lifestyle, pleasure, sports and business. Gujarat enjoy just not a high standard of living but a good quality people’s life. Known as the Manchester of the East and Denim City, Gujarat six percent of total Industrial Production comes from textile sector. It is the largest producer and exporter (60%) of cotton and it is the third larges denim producer in all over the world. It offers India’s 12% textile exports.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 72

 Spiritual Tourism

Gujarat has important Religious Spots which attract Tourism. Most of Hindus visit these places at least once in their lifetime. Foreign and NRIs Tourist visit these places for it’s Religious beliefs.

Dwarkadhish Temple and Jyotirlingas at Somnath Temple.

 Two of 51 Shakti Peeths at the Ambaji and Mahakali at Pawagadh  One of five holy lakes of India is at Narayan Sarovar and one of the seven holiest rivers for Pavagadh.  One of seven holiest rivers for Hindus is the Narmada which flows through Gujarat.  Temples situated in Dakor, Khodiyar, Virpur, Sarangpur, Gondal etc. are holy places with individual faith in Gujarat

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY IN GUJARAT

Resort development opportunity at Saputara :-

Gujarat is well known for its rich history with tradition, culture and heritage. It Blend with the modernity with change in time frame, Gujarat has influence of Hindu, Islamic and European culture. Located strategically, progressing State to scale the charts in global map, has a tourist inflow from all over world. It has become a Tourist Paradise and is emerging the most sort for destination.

Aero Sports development opportunity in gujarat :-

The proposed project refers to sporting activities like paragliding, Hand gliding, Aero modeling, and Para sailing. This type of sporting activity has gained popularity due to the excitement it provides. Hand gliding also helps the tourists to enjoy the bird’s eye view of the destination.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 73

SUGGESTIONS

 Gujarat is a most developing state in all over India and also famous in world, so Gujarat tourism department continuously work over the tourist place of Gujarat.  For increase the revenue of Gujarat tourism, department also make the AMITABH BACHHAN as ambassador of Gujarat and begin the campaign of “Gujarat ki Kushbu”.  In the campaign AMITABH BACHHAN said that “Kuch din tho gujaro Gujarat me”.  As per the campaign, Gujarat tourism department highlight the most famous tourist destination like-Saputhara, Somnath, Dwarika, Kutchh, Ambaji nu mandhir, Girnar.  We want to establish the artificial resort in the Saputhara, Somnath. It is the famous artificial resort in Germany.  There is company which made a Aero sport so, we want to establish the aero sport in the Saputhara, Girnar hill and pavagad.  AMITHABH BACHHAN is one the famous and also the respectable celebrity in India so it will help to increase the tourist turnover in Gujarat.  From the campaign tourists are getting attract to the Gujarat.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 74

HOTEL INDUSTRIES OF GERMANY

German cuisine has evolved as a national cuisine through centuries of social and political change with variations from region to region. The southern regions of Germany, including Bavaria and neighbouringSwabia, share many dishes. Furthermore, across the border in Austria, one will find many similar dishes. However, ingredients and dishes vary by state. Many significant regional dishes have become national, but have proliferated in very different variations across the country presently.

Staple foods

Meat:

Pork, beef, and poultry are the main varieties of meat consumed in Germany, with pork being the most popular. The average person in Germany will consume up to 61 kg (130 lb) of meat in a year.[citation needed] Among poultry, chicken is most common, although duck, goose, and turkey are also enjoyed. Game meats, especially boar, rabbit, and venison are also widely available all year round. Lamb and goat are also available, but are not as popular.

Fish:

Trout is the most common freshwater fish on the German menu; pike, carp, and European perch also are listed frequently. Seafood traditionally was restricted to the northern coastal areas, except for pickled herring, which often served in a Fischbrötchen, as Rollmops (a pickled herring fillet rolled into a cylindrical shape around a piece of pickled gherkin or onion), or Brathering (fried, marinatedherring). Today, many sea fish, such as fresh herring, tuna, mackerel, salmon and sardines, are well established throughout the country. Prior to the industrial revolution and the ensuing pollution of the rivers, salmon were common in the rivers Rhine, Elbe, and Oder.

Vegetables:

Vegetables are often used in stews or vegetable soups, but are also served as side dishes. Carrots, turnips, spinach, peas, beans, broccoli and many types of cabbage are very common. Fried onions are a common addition to many meat dishes throughout the country. Asparagus, especially white asparagus known in German as spargel, is a common side dish or may be prepared as a main dish. Restaurants will sometimes devote an entire menu to nothing but white asparagus when it is in season. Spargel season (German: Spargelzeit or Spargelsaison) traditionally begins in mid-May and ends on St. John's Day (24 June).

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 75

Side dishes

Noodles, made from wheat flour and egg, are usually thicker than the Italian flat pasta. Especially in the southwestern part of the country, the predominant variety of noodles areSpätzle, made with large amounts of egg yolk, and Maultaschen, traditional stuffed noodles reminiscent of ravioli.

Besides noodles, potatoes are common. Potatoes entered the German cuisine in the late 18th century, and were almost ubiquitous in the 19th century and since. They most often are boiled (in salt water, Salzkartoffeln), but mashed (Kartoffelpüree) and pan-roasted potatoes (Bratkartoffeln) also are traditional. French fries, called Pommes frites, Pommes (spoken as "Pom fritz" or, respectively, "Pommes", deviating from the French pronunciation which would be "Pomfreet" or "Pom") or regionally as Fritten in German, are a common style of fried potatoes; they are traditionally offered with either ketchup or mayonnaise, or, as Pommes rot/weiß (lit. Fries red/white), with both.

Also common, especially in the south of Germany, are dumplings (including Klöße or Knödel) and potato noodles, including Schupfnudeln, which are similar to Italian gnocchi.

German Sauerbraten with potato dumplings (Klöße)

Spices and condiments

Generally, with the exception of mustard for sausages, German dishes are rarely hot and spicy; the most popular herbs are traditionally parsley, thyme, laurel, chives, black pepper (used in small amounts), juniper berries and caraway. Cardamom, anise seed, and cinnamon are often used in sweet cakes or beverages associated with Christmas time, and sometimes in the preparation of sausages, but are otherwise rare in German meals. Other herbs and spices, such as basil, sage, oregano, and hot chili peppers, have become more popular in recent times.

Mustard (Senf) is a very common accompaniment to sausages and can vary in strength, the most common version being Mittelscharf (medium hot), which is somewhere between traditional English and French mustards in strength. Düsseldorf and the surrounding area are known for its particularly spicy mustard, which is used both as a table condiment and in local dishes such as Senfrostbraten (roasted steak with mustard). In the southern parts of the country, a sweet variety

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 76 of mustard is made which is almost exclusively served with the Bavarian specialityWeißwurst. German mustard is usually considerably less acidic than American varieties.

Horseradish is commonly used as a condiment either on its own served as a paste, enriched with cream (Sahnemeerrettich), or combined with mustard. In some regions of Germany, it is used with meats and sausages where mustard would otherwise be used.

Garlic was long frowned upon for causing halitosis, so has never played a large role in traditional German cuisine, but has risen in popularity in recent decades due to the influence of French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, and Turkish cuisines. Bear's garlic, a rediscovered spice from earlier centuries, has become quite popular again since the 1990s.

Desserts

Black Forest Cake

A wide variety of cakes and tarts are served throughout the country, most commonly made with fresh fruit. Apples, plums, strawberries, and cherries are used regularly in cakes. Cheesecake is also very popular, often made with quark. SchwarzwälderKirschtorte (Black Forest cake, made with cherries) is probably the most well-known example of a wide variety of typically German tortes filled with whipped or butter cream. German doughnuts (which have no hole) are usually balls of yeast dough with jam or other fillings, and are known as Berliner, Pfannkuchen (only in the Berlin area), Kreppel or Krapfen, depending on the region. Eierkuchen or Pfannkuchen are large, and relatively thin pancakes, comparable to the French crêpes. They are served covered with sugar, jam or syrup. Salty variants with cheese, ground meat or bacon exist, as well, but they are usually considered to be main dishes rather than desserts. In some regions, Eierkuchen are filled and then wrapped; in others, they are cut into small pieces and arranged in a heap. The word Pfannkuchen means pancake in most parts of Germany.

A popular dessert in northern Germany is Rote Grütze, red fruit pudding, which is made with black and red currants, raspberries and sometimes strawberries or cherries cooked in juice with corn starch as a thickener. It is traditionally served with cream, but also is served with vanilla

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 77 sauce, milk or whipped cream. Rhabarbergrütze (rhubarb pudding) and GrüneGrütze (gooseberry fruit pudding) are variations of the Rote Grütze. A similar dish, Obstkaltschale, may also be found all around Germany.

Ice cream and sorbets are also very popular. Italian-run ice cream parlours were the first large wave of foreign-run eateries in Germany, becoming widespread in the 1920s. Spaghettieis, which resembles spaghetti, tomato sauce, and ground cheese on a plate, is a popular ice cream dessert.

Bread

Roggenmischbrot

Bread (Brot) is a significant part of German cuisine. About 600 main types of breads and 1,200 different types of pastries and rolls are produced in about 17,000 bakeries and another 10,000 in- shop bakeries.Bread is served usually for breakfast (sometimes replaced by bread rolls) and in the evening as (open) sandwiches, but rarely as a side dish for the main meal (popular, for example, with Eintopf or soup).

The importance of bread in German cuisine is also illustrated by words such as Abendbrot (meaning supper, literally evening bread) and Brotzeit (snack, literally bread time). In fact, one of the major complaints of the German expatriates in many parts of the world is their inability to find acceptable local breads.

Regarding bread, German cuisine is more varied than that of either Eastern or Western Europe. Bread types range from white wheat bread (Weißbrot) to grey (Graubrot) to black (Schwarzbrot), actually dark brown rye bread. Most breads contain both wheat and rye flour (hence Mischbrot, mixed bread), and often wholemeal and whole seeds (such as linseed, sunflower seed, or pumpkin seed), as well (Vollkornbrot). Darker, rye-dominated breads, such as Vollkornbrot or Schwarzbrot, are typical of German cuisine. Pumpernickel, a steamed, sweet- tasting bread, is internationally well known, although not representative of German black bread as a whole.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 78

Most German breads are made with sourdough. Whole grain is preferred for high fibre. Germans use almost all available types of grain for their breads: wheat, rye, barley, spelt, oats, millet, corn and rice. Some breads are made with potato starch flour.

Germany's most popular breads are:

1. Rye-wheat (Roggenmischbrot) 2. Toast bread (Toastbrot) 3. Whole-grain (Vollkornbrot) 4. Wheat-rye (Weizenmischbrot) 5. White bread (Weißbrot) 6. Multigrain, usually wheat-rye-oats with sesame or linseed (Mehrkornbrot) 7. Rye (Roggenbrot) 8. Sunflower seeds in dark rye bread (Sonnenblumenkernbrot) 9. Pumpkin seeds in dark rye bread (Kürbiskernbrot) 10. Roasted onions in light wheat-rye bread (Zwiebelbrot)

Bread Rolls:

Breakfast basket filled with different varieties of bread rolls

Bread rolls, known in Germany as Brötchen (a diminutive of Brot), Semmel, Schrippe, Rundstück or Weck, Weckle, Weckli, or Wecken, depending on the region, are common in German cuisine. A typical serving is a roll cut in half, and spread with butter or margarine. Cheese, honey, jam, Nutella, meat, fish, or preserves are then placed between the two halves, or on each half separately, known as a belegtesBrötchen.

Rolls are also used for snacks, or as a hotdog-style roll for Bratwurst, Brätel, Fleischkäse or Schwenker/Schwenkbraten.

Franzbrötchen, which originated in the area of Hamburg, is the small, sweet pastry roll baked with butter and cinnamon.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 79

Structure of meals

Breakfast (Frühstück) commonly consists of bread, toast, and/or bread rolls with cold cuts, cheese or jam (Konfitüre or more commonly called Marmelade), marmalade or honey, eggs, and (often strong) coffee or tea (milk, cocoa or fruit juices for children). Deli meats, such as ham, salted meats and salami, are also commonly eaten on bread in the morning, as are various cheeses. A variety of meat-based spreads, such as Leberwurst (liverwurst), are eaten during breakfast, as well.

Traditionally, the main meal of the day has been lunch (Mittagessen), eaten around noon. Dinner (Abendessen or Abendbrot) was always a smaller meal, often consisting only of a variety of breads, meat or sausages, cheese and some kind of vegetables, similar to breakfast, or possibly sandwiches. Smaller meals added during the day bear names such as Vesper, Brotzeit (bread time), Kaffee und Kuchen (coffee and cake), or Kaffeetrinken. However, in Germany, as in other parts of Europe, dining habits have changed over the last 50 years.

Today, many people eat only a small meal in the middle of the day at work, often also a second breakfast, and enjoy a hot dinner in the evening at home with the whole family. This is also the reason why the availability of cheap restaurants close to the office or the existence of a factory canteen cannot be assumed automatically.

For others, the traditional way of eating is still rather common, and not only in rural areas. Breakfast is still very popular and may be elaborated and extended on weekends, with friends invited as guests, the same holds for coffee and cake. Since the 1990s, the Sunday brunch has also become common, especially in city cafés.

Drinks

Beer is very common throughout all parts of Germany, with many local and regional breweries producing a wide variety of superb beers. The pale lagerpilsener, a style developed in the mid- 19th century, is predominant in most parts of the country today, whereas wheat beer (Weißbier/Weizen) and other types of lager are common, especially in Bavaria. A number of regions have local specialties, many of which, like Weißbier, are more traditionally brewed ales. Among these are Altbier, a dark beer available around Düsseldorf and the lower Rhine, Kölsch, a similar style, but light in color, in the Cologne area, and the low-alcohol Berliner Weiße, a sour beer made in Berlin that is often mixed with raspberry syrup. Since the reunification of 1990, Schwarzbier, which was common in East Germany, but could hardly be found in West Germany, has become increasingly popular in Germany as a whole. Beer may also be mixed with other beverages:

 pils or lager and carbonated lemonade (in Europe and the UK, lemonade is a carbonated drink, in America, lemonade is a noncarbonated drink): Radler, Alsterwasser  pils or lager and cola: Diesel, Schmutziges or simply Colabier  Altbier and Malzbier: Krefelder

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 80

 Altbier and cola: Altcola or Aco (also called Krefelder in some regions, which might lead to misunderstandings)  wheat beer and lemonade: Russe  wheat beer and cola: Colaweizen

Since a beer tax law was changed in 1993, many breweries served this trend of mixing beer with other drinks by selling bottles of already-mixed beverages. Examples are Bibob (from Köstritzer), Veltins V+, Mixery (from Karlsberg), Dimix (from Diebels) and Cab (from Krombacher).

Beer is generally sold in bottles or from draught. Canned beer is available, but cans almost vanished after the introduction of a deposit in 2003.

Wine is also popular throughout the country. German wine comes predominantly from the areas along the upper and middle Rhine and its tributaries. Riesling and Silvaner are among the best- known varieties of white wine, while Spätburgunder and Dornfelder are important German red wines. The sweet German wines sold in English-speaking countries seem mostly to cater to the foreign market, as they are rare in Germany.

Korn, a German spirit made from malt (wheat, rye and/or barley), is consumed predominantly in the middle and northern parts of Germany. Obstler, on the other hand, distilled from apples and pears (Obstler), plums, cherries (Kirschwasser), or mirabelle plums, is preferred in the southern parts. The term Schnaps refers to both kinds of hard liquors.

Coffee is also very common, not only for breakfast, but also accompanying a piece of cake in the afternoon, usually on Sundays or special occasions and birthdays. It is generally filter coffee, which is weaker than espresso. Tea is more common in the northwest. East Frisians traditionally have their tea with cream and rock candy (Kluntje).

Popular soft drinks include Schorle, juice or wine mixed with sparkling mineral water, with Apfelschorle being especially popular in southern Germany, and Spezi, made with cola and an orange-flavored drink such as Fanta. Germans are unique among their neighbors in preferring bottled, carbonated mineral water, either plain (Sprudel) or flavored (usually lemon) to noncarbonated ones.

Drinking water of excellent quality is available everywhere and at any time in Germany. Water provided by the public water industry can be had without hesitation directly from the tap. Usually no chlorine is added. Drinking water is controlled by state authority to ensure it is potable. Regulations are even stricter than those for bottled water (see Trinkwasserverordnung). There is no need at all to buy water in bottles in Germany for health reasons, though the taste of the tap water varies widely depending on the layers of earth and stone dominating on each well.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 81

Foreign influences

The first wave of foreigners coming to Germany specifically to sell their food specialties were ice cream makers from northern Italy, who started to arrive in noticeable numbers during the late 1920s. With the post-WWII contacts with Allied occupation troops, and especially with the influx of more and more foreign workers that began during the second half of the 1950s, many foreign dishes have been adopted into German cuisine — Italian dishes, such as spaghetti and pizza, have become staples of the German diet. Turkish immigrants also have had a considerable influence on German eating habits; Döner kebab is Germany's favourite fast food, selling twice as much as the major burger chains put together (McDonald's and Burger King being the only widespread burger chains in Germany). Chinese and Greek food also are widespread and popular. Indian, Vietnamese, Thai, and other Asian cuisines are rapidly gaining in popularity. Many of the more expensive restaurants served mostly French dishes for decades, but since the 1990s, they have been shifting to a more refined form of German cuisine.

Popular German Dishes

Sunday Roast Dinner :

Roasts are the perfect Sunday Supper. After you brown them, you have plenty of time while they cook in the oven to finish the rest of the meal. Make a simple soup for "Starters", then serve the roast with potatoes and leeks sautéed in butter until soft and finished with cream and freshly grated nutmeg. If you want a dessert, make it a light pudding or mousse, served with fruit.

Hausmannskost:

Sometimes there is nothing better than good, old-fashioned comfort food. Like the comfort food Grandma used to make. Serve it with boiled potatoes and steamed cabbage, Brussel sprouts or sauerkraut.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 82

TypischSchwäbisch:

The lentils are cooked with German bacon and soup greens and served with red wine vinegar. To this you add Spätzle, a type of noodle, and sausage. Germans usually buy the long hot dog-like Frankfurters called "Saitenwürstle" or "Wiener".

A Meal That Can't Get Cold - Spiced Hamburger Patties and Salad:

If it's hot outside or you don't know when you'll be eating, make these hamburger patties ahead of time and serve with a salad or two.

Sweet Main Dish - German Main Dishes with Fruit and Vanilla:

German main dishes can be sweet rather than savory. Lots of carbohydrates for plenty of energy on cold days and filling to boot, that's what sweet main dishes serve up. Often served with a fruit or vanilla sauce, a plate or two of these dishes with a hot glass of tea has protein, too to keep you full.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 83

German Hamburger Recipes

Hamburger recipes usually use a mixture of ground pork and beef. The ground pork adds moistness to the finished dish

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 84

Germany Country Profile

Germany, its 82.3 million people (about 17% of the EU 27 population), has the world’s fifth largest economy after the U.S., China, Japan and India, and is the leading market for food and beverages in the European Union. Its 2009 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of US$2.8 trillion represented over 19% of the entire European Union output.

Reports (Euro monitor) that the German recession has been deep and a very modest recovery is expected in 2010. The recovery should pace by 2011 however. A fiscal stimulus valued at US$70 billion is being implemented. Unemployment will continue to rise, reaching double digits in 2010. Authorities expect the economy's potential rate of growth will fall over the longer term as a result of population ageing.

German economy remained relatively sheltered from the fallout of the global economic crisis during the second half of 2008, the rapid contraction of German exports during the first months of 2009 hit Germany’s economy hard. With GDP declining by 3.8% in the first quarter of 2009, the country’s economic situation was increasingly described during the early part of the year as the worst since the Great Depression.

Whatsoever, despite a constant flow of economic shocks, consumer confidence remained largely stable, not least due to employers avoiding redundancies and many consumers’ experience of

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 85 previous recessions. Unemployment in mid-2009 remained barely above its mid-2008 level, leaving consumers with undiminished spending power, and even those consumers who have lost their jobs benefit from relatively generous unemployment benefits. The IMF had forecast 2009 GDP growth at -5.0% and the 2010 forecast for a growth of 1.5% with no growth over 2% forecast for the foreseeable future.

Germany imported nearly US$1.3 billion worth of food and agricultural productsin 2009 from the U.S., a decrease of nearly 29% from that of 2008. In 2009 Germany's imports of U.S. consumer-oriented products amounted to US$582.9 million, another decrease of 9.7% from that of 2008. .

Changing lifestyles of germen have affected a sharp rise in the consumption of processed, snack, and other consumer-ready foods in Germany. These products primarily come from neighboring EU member countries. U.S.-style snack and processed foods are also favorably viewed in Germany, particularly by the younger generation and by Germans who have visited the United States. Relatively slow growth in overall food and beverage sales and fierce competition among retailers has encouraged buyouts and consolidation in the sector. The competition in the market has also led to increased spending by governments, quasi-governmental organizations, and companies on promotional activities. Fierce competition has also resulted in a handful of giant retailing companies now dominating the food and beverage sales in Germany and throughout Western Europe

RETAIL SECTOR

Reports by Euromonitorthat despite the impact of the global economic crisis continuing to affect the German market during the second half of 2009, Due to overall sales of packaged food continued to perform well throughout the year. While overall demand remained stable, various changes in consumer behavior were apparent among the different sectors of the market. Notably, sales of chocolate and sugar confectionery saw a considerable drop in volume, while some staple products, such as frozen food and ready meals, saw considerable growth, instead of, in some cases, aided by – the adverse economic conditions.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 86

As per the Euromonitor, retail sales in the packaged food market in Germany had been estimated to reach US$89.7 billion in 2009. This represents a growth rate of 11.6% or US$9.3 billion since 2004. Historic high growth categories included dairy products, chilled processed food, snack foods, ready meals and frozen processed food, as well as oils and fats, pasta and noodles. The forecast of growth in this market is also modest but promising. By the year 2014, the retail sales in the packaged food market in Germany is expected to reach US$91.2 billion, a modest growth rate of 1.7%, but US$1.5 billion. Forecast high growth products include basically the same as the historic rates, with many other categories n decline.

For retailing, Supermarket turnover stagnated in 2009, at around US$54.4 billion. Supermarkets are increasingly trying to exploit the convenience trend by positioning themselves as neighborhood stores. While consumers’ price sensitivity has been comparatively high during the economic downturn, they still like to snack between meals and buy their favorite foods at grocery outlets.

There was no major opening or closings in 2009, but some mergers and acquisitions activity. In July 2009, Rewe acquired the four German Delhaize supermarket outlets from the Belgian company Delhaize Group SA. Delhaize had opened its first store in Germany in 2003. Despite Delhaize’s success and strong market position in Belgium, the German operations recorded a decline over the last five years. The four outlets will be adjusted to fit the Rowe image, and are located in Cologne and Aachen, each with a selling space of between 700 and 1,500 sq m.

Supermarkets, which was not come up with any major innovations in 2009, although they have increasingly focused on distinguishing themselves from other grocery channels by offering high quality service. Store clerks have been trained and instructed to interact better with consumers, offering their assistance and being friendly.

Independent Edeka outlets led supermarket value sales with a 39% sharein 2009. Together with other Edeka brands, Edeka held 55% of supermarket value sales in same year. Rewe followed, with a 28% value share. Together, the two domestic players dominate the supermarket sector. Other major fascias include Sky, Feneberg, Markant, V Markt, K + K Markt, Delhaize,

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 87

ReweNahkauf and Kaiser’s Tengelmann. Of these, ReweNahkauf and Delhaize belong to Rewe Group. Of these smaller brands, the strongest is Kaiser’s Tengelmann, with a 6% value share.

Supermarket chains are increasingly taking advantage of the organic, fair trade and sustainability trends which shows great advantage in changing trend of food. One example is Kaiser’s Tengelmann, which has extended its private label Naturkind (“nature child”) range of organic products to 280 products. The company has also increased the number of products with the label “trans-fair”.

Accept from the acquisition of Delhaize, the competitive environment did not change significantly in 2009 which affect food industries in Germany. Joint With the integration of Delhaize into the domestic Rewe Group, the last international competitor was eliminated from the supermarket channel. The main reason for the domestic monopoly is that, historically, many supermarkets were independently owned but were aligned with the major brands Edeka and Rewe.

A fact that the majority of supermarkets were initially privately and individually owned and operated still had an effect on consumer goods manufacturers in 2009 in Germany. The integration of many local outlets led to a highly decentralized logistical structure in this channel. The stronger competitor Edeka manages its supermarkets in a highly decentralized manner, with most Edeka supermarkets being managed by regional companies.

At that time,Supermarket turnover is expected to decline slightly over the forecast period, to just over US$54.1 million at constant 2009 prices. As shows the supermarket channel is quite saturated and consolidated, there is little scope for expanding the number of outlets. Additionally, supermarkets are likely to face increasingly stiff competition from convenience stores and discounters.

FOOD SERVICE SECTOR

In Germanyvalue sales of consumer foodservice increased for the third year in a row, from 2008, that time by less than 1% in current value terms to just over US$38.1 billion. That represented a slight improvement on the four year average. Despite negative basic conditions such as higher

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 88

VAT and smoking bans introduced in 2007, for much of 2008 consumer confidence remained rather strong in Germany, and chained consumer foodservice operators continued to grow significantly.

Major two ongoing megatrends – convenience and health and wellness – remained very important for consumer foodservice in Germany. For that a considerable proportion of the German population, recent years saw longer working hours and less spare time. Consequently, in 2008 witnessed increased demand for quick and convenient food options, and also takeaway options for both on-the-go and home consumption. Theseisnot only benefited 100% home delivery/takeaway, but also other channels such as fast food and sandwich specialists. For several years health and wellness has remained one of the most important trends in Germany, affecting many different markets, including consumer foodservice. Consequently it is no surprise that many operators in the German consumer foodservice environment have adapted their strategies to profit from this trend. This is true for all sizes of chained operators and independent players alike.

Sales for consumer foodservice in Germany continued to be led by full-service restaurants, in which registered more than double the sales of fast food, the next most significant segment. Even though independent operators continued to dominate, national and multinational chains had a significant presence in terms of value sales. The leading players tend to offer cheap, quick and heavily promoted food, making their outlets a popular choice in the mature consumer foodservice environment. At 2008,the top 10 companies in chained consumer foodservice remained largely stable, with only a few rank switches. Overall, McDonald’s remained the leading brand in terms of value sales, ahead of burger fast food rival Burger King.

In Germany,Independent outlets continued to clearly dominate consumer foodservice. Compared with other countries, chains still had a very low presence in Germany in 2008. However, despite a small share of outlets, chains continued to see faster growth in same year, and a high number of outlet openings. This was due to chains having much stronger financial backing than independent operators, many of which were still struggling with the repercussions of the economic downturn Germany experienced over the review period. Chains’ financial power

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 89 continued to enable outlet openings in prime locations, as and also successful marketing, which helped to stimulate growth.

In survey over the forecast period value sales of consumer foodservice products are expected to decline by 1%-2% annually to stand at just under US$35.4 billion in 2013. Despite the megatrends that favored growth, and the ongoing growth of chained operators, especially the global economic and financial crisis will have a negative effect on consumer foodservice in Germany. Consumers are likely to turn towards cheaper sectors of foodservice as per their expectations or even to turn more often to packaged food alternatives.

Instead of the existence of a “single” EU market, consumer demand and the structure of the food and beverage market vary substantially between the individual member-countries of the EU, and also between north, south, east, and west Germany. in Generally, those U.S. products with the best export opportunities in the German market meet one or more of the following criteria, including that the product is not grown/produced in Europe, or that the basic product is not produced in Europe in sufficient quantities or quality, or that a fresh product is not currently in season, and that the product is specifically unique to the U.S. or to a region within the U.S.

FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR

As we know that the food processing industry is one of the most important sectors in the German economy and the second largest in the European Union. In German food processors enjoy several competitive advantages over those in other EU countries as well. First, they serve a domestic market of over 82.3 million loyal consumers, the largest in the European Union. Secondly, being situated in center of Europe, German exporters utilize the nation’s excellent logistics and transportation network to export their goods quickly and cheaply to other neighboring countries as well. The important markets are the Benelux, France, Italy and Austria. Recently, Germany's processed food exports alone exceeded US$40 billion it may goes beyond also in very.

Also Germany’s food processing industry was benefited from EU expansion with approximately 80% of the country’s agricultural exports going to other EU countries as per survey. The Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection consider Eastern Europe a growth

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 90 market for Germany’s food exports. It shows that German processed foods products are succeeding in these markets because consumers now have more disposable income to purchase more expensive foods produced in Western Europe. Technologically, some Eastern European countries have lesser-developed food processing sectors, thus, are more reliant on foreign manufacturers to process their raw materials into finished products. That has benefited many different sectors from brewers to confectionery producers.

In German food processors generally purchase their ingredients from local producers or local importers as per policy. Only large processors import ingredients directly from foreign suppliers. Retailers usually purchase direct from the processor or from a buying organization. The HRI sector most useable may purchase directly from the processor or from a wholesaler. Smaller HRI outlets generally purchase products from cash and carry operations.

Also Germany’s food processing industry has well developed and has access to any food ingredient imaginable. U.S. products that have been successful in Germany in the past few years always have a competitive advantage over the competition. That could include a lower price, higher quality or a unique innovative quality. U.S. products not produced in the European Union or unavailable in large quantities usually fare well in Germany.

Germany, changes in food innovation trends

The main changes in the new food offer in Germany

 Germany, the Pleasure offering maintains its strong progression and reaches new heights: 63% of products are positioned on values such as Variety of senses, Sophistication, Fun which affect it.

 It has observed many new tastes and flavours, and innovation in textures but the Health and Physical segments are declining.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 91

A SELECTION OF INNOVATIVE GERMAN PRODUCTS

Milka Kraft Foods

In German, For more crunchy pleasure, Milka Choco & Popcorn from Kraft foods combines popcorn with milk chocolate.

Short Description: 200g bar of chocolate with popcorn bits in a resealable pouch.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 92

TRUMPF EDLE

It has also change, For asophisticated taste, in the chocolate category yet inspired by cocktails.

Short Description: assorted white chocolates filled with cocktails with alcohol content (rum, kir royal , bellini and daiquiri)

DANONE ACTIMEL

It also very, Superfruits continue their expansion in dairy drinks and promotion of vitamin C.

Short Description: dairy drink with acerola juice, a natural source of vitamin C. No colouring, preservatives or artificial flavours. 1 bottle contains 30% of daily vitamin C requirements. 2% fat milk. 4 x 100g bottle.

TILLMAN’S

“Do it yourself” trend reveals some convenient solutions, including use of the toaster, especially for snack foods. Meat product has changed and taste differently.

Short Description: Do it yourself burger kit for toasting. Contains 2 burgers, 2 buns and two pouches of sauce. Add garnish as desired. Individually wrapped ingredients

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 93

PHYSICAL AXIS

ZIMBO ZACHERL’S

As pic show high number of meat products are concerned by the fat reduction factor, along with the absence of undesirable ingredients (such as artificial colours)

Lactose free,flavoured corned beef slices. Only 4% fat. No colouring, no artificial flavours. Packed in a protective atmosphere. 4 slices as per demand.

EXPORTS OF FOOD AND DRINK

As the farming, food, and drink sector is an important part of economy, responsible for over 3.5 million jobs and 7% of Gross Value Added. That has a key role in driving strong and sustainable growth, particularly through exploiting overseas markets. International trade is also important as per terms of improving productive efficiency and enhancing global food security.

Exports in the agri-food sector have been growing steadily, with 2010 seeing the sixth consecutive year of growth in value to £16 billion and are goes on and on.

Exporting food and drink to the United States: USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Registration

Exporting food and drink to the United States need to quickly re-register with the US Government after it overhauled its licensing rules. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were said that every foreign and domestic food company must sign up again by 31 January 2013 otherwise it will temporarily lose access to the US market. The FDA will then require this re- registration every two years – with the next registration required in 2014.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 94

Exports Action Plan

UK Trade and industry announced Driving Export Growth in the Farming, Food and Drink Sector: a plan of action.

That Action Plan will drive export growth in the farming, food and drink sector by:

 Working to open markets and remove trade barriers  Helping build a business mindset of exporting as a key route to growth  Encouraging more SMEs to explore overseas opportunities and supporting those who already export do more  Shifting the focus of the sector towards the opportunities of emerging economies where there is the greatest future growth potential.

The Action Plan sets out how government and industry will work together for achieve those objectives. In brief, it will do this by lobbying for the removal of trade barriers that restrict access to new markets, ensure that the right information and support is available to help businesses succeed overseas, simplify food export paperwork for companies, or strategically champion the UK’s reputation for outstanding farming, food and drink.

KEY FACTS & FIGURES

 The USA, France, Germany, Spain and Ireland together account for over half of all UK agri-food and drink exports. Those are markets which are geographically close area, have a large number of ex-pats, and with historic cultural links to the UK. It also provides limited growth opportunities.  On high-growth consumer powers emerge exports need to be re-orientated to take advantage of new opportunities for agro. The combined value of UK agri-food and drink exports to Brazil, Russia, India, China and Mexico, which together account for 44% of the world’s population, is less than the UK exports to Belgium.  India, Russia,China, USA, and Brazil are expected to be the top five retail grocery markets by 2015.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 95

 As per research across sectors shows that exporting is good for businesses, joint to organisations that export demonstrating higher productivity levels, stronger financial performance and greater longevity.  As on research indicates that fewer than one in ten SMEs in England in the agri-food sector export, breaking down to 3% for crops and animal production, 17% for manufactured food products, and 20% for beverages. This is less than the UK (21%) and EU (25%) average for SME exporters across sectors.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 96

EDUCATION BETWEEN GERMANY & INDIA (GUJARAT)

Introduction of the Education Sector and its role in the economy of Germany & India

Education in every sense is one of the fundamental factors of development. No country can achieve sustainable economic development without substantial investment in human capital. Education enriches people’s understanding of themselves and world. It improves the quality of their lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Education raises people’s productivity and creativity and promotes entrepreneurship and technological advances. In addition it plays a very crucial role in securing economic and social progress and improving income distribution.

Economy in Germany is the biggest economy in Europe and the third largest in the world, after the United States and Japan. The export sector is the major revenue generator of Germany. Germany’s revenue exporter with $1.133 trillion exported, from the beginning of 2006.

The great majority of German universities have traditionally been maintained by the state which is to say by the federal state in which the educational institute is located – and this continues to be the case today. Operation of research is largely organized on a competitive basis, the German Research Foundation (DFG) – the self-governing body for universities – playing the key role in this context. It receives better funding of more than a billion Euros a year from the German government.

Germany Education

Education is the responsibility of the states and part of their constitutional sovereignty. Teachers are employed by the Ministry of Education for the state and usually have a job for life after a certain period. A parents' council is elected to voice the parents' views of the school's administration.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 97

Higher Education

Germany has a long tradition of higher education since 1948; As of 1991, there were 315 state- run or state-recognized institutions of higher, post secondary education. They included various types of universities (regular universities; technical high schools and technical universities; combined universities and high schools; high schools with singular university courses of study, including theology, philosophy, medicine, and athletics; and teaching high schools), as well as academies of art and music, and technical and administrative high schools. Admission to these schools is open to any student possessing the requisite certificate. In some academic disciplines, admission is regulated centrally by the Central Office for the Distribution of Places of Study. In addition, higher education in Germany includes some special institutions with closed admissions institutions of higher education run by the military and by the German postal service.

Indian Education

The origin of the Indian Education Department dates back to pre-Independence days when for the first time a separate Department was created in 1910 to look after education. However, soon after India achieved its Independence on 15th August. 1947, a full fledged Ministry of Education was established on 29th August 1947. The nomenclature and responsibilities of the Education Department has undergone changes from time to time since Independence, and the country has witnessed phenomenal educational development – both in quantitative and qualitative terms, since independence.

Gujarat education

Gujarat University, Sardar Patel University, Ahmadabad University, Saurashtra University, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Nirma University and Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University are also amongst reputed universities, affiliating many reputed colleges.

Gujarat is also known for many national level institutions. The Space Applications Centre (SAC) is an institution for space research and satellite communication in Ahmadabad, India, under the aegis of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). Indian Institute of Management Ahmadabad, one of the internationally stand in management research institute that is located in Gujarat's commercial capital Ahmadabad and is the top ranked management institutes in the country.

The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) is represented in the region through its branch office in New Delhi since 1960. The DAAD promotes the Indo-German cooperation in the field of higher education and research through different means, e.g. the deployment of German teachers to India and granting short- and long term scholarships mainly for post- graduates, thus supporting the networking between Indian and German institutions.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 98

The networking of former scholarship holders is encouraged. The DAAD’s work focuses on the presentation of Germany as a place of choice for higher education and research activities.

The DAAD is also representing German research institutions like the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in India and supports German students and researchers during their stay in India. Presently, 5 German lecturers from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) are teaching in the German Departments of Indian universities. Part of their work is to counsel Indian students on studying and research opportunities in Germany.

Education sector of both the countries and their contribution in economy

Germany:

Imagine a country whose inhabitants work fewer hours than almost any others, whose workforce is not particularly productive and whose children spend less time at school than most of its neighbors.

Hardly a recipe for economic success, you might think. But the country described above is none other than Germany, Europe's industrial powerhouse and the world's second largest exporter; a country whose economy has single-handedly stopped the euro zone falling back into recession and the only nation rich enough to save the euro.

India:

Education is an abstract entity and its concept is dynamic. It is a continuous process. Education deals with ever growing man in ever growing society. The

Word “Education” originated from the Latin word which means “to bring up” or “to nourish”. Education means drawing out the hidden potentialities and Quality of the students.

Education–A way towards Growth and Development—In the past century, we progressed from a stage where the application of science to manufacturing techniques or to agricultural practices became the basis for production; it was the industrial society, where mass production depended on a relatively small cadre of highly skilled labor commanding a much larger group of semi skilled labor, was vertically integrated.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 99

Structure Activities of education Sector of both the countries

In Europe, Germany is the most popular destination for international students due to International Degree Programmers (IDP) taught in English medium, tuition fee waivers and career opportunities after graduation. Germany tops the list of the most internationalized countries in the higher education level. Offer more than 350 state and private universities. About 250,000 foreign students currently study in Germany, of which about 4,200 are Indians

Vocational education and training is fast emerging as an important area of focus as Germany and India enhance their strategic bilateral partnership. India’s biggest challenges as well as advantages are its growing young population. India targets creation of 500 million skilled workers in 2022 and Germany is one of its strong partners for this.

German Universities an Overview

Currently, a good two million students are studying and conducting research at some 350 public and private universities in Germany. Out of them 10% are known in German – students who did not do their schooling in Germany. In the European Higher Education Area, with courses for bachelor’s, masters and doctoral degrees, the range of teaching and research programmers on offer is becoming more international all the time.

Education activities in Gujarat Pratham in Gujarat this Year:

• Has a Geographical Coverage: 1049 villages in 10 blocks (similar to a county) Children Reached:14,938, Volunteers Mobilized: 1351

• Currently the program in Surendranagar has focused on an informal partnership with the government’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Scheme represents one of the world’s largest and most unique programmes for early childhood development. ICDS is the foremost symbol of India’s commitment to her children

Government Partnership in Gujarat

• A highly-successful remedial learning program runs by Pratham in cooperation with the state government. • Pratham has signed an MOU with the Gujarat education department, the SSA, to develop Pragnya, a state-wide activity-based learning program, which includes curriculum design, training of teachers and government officials, teaching learning materials, and constant support and monitoring at the ground level. • Piloted in 258 schools, and will be scaled up to 2500 schools across the state in June 2011

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 100

 Gujarat Council of Educational Research and Training (GCERT) is a pivotal institution at the state level for the enhancement of qualitative education at primary and secondary schools.

 National Project Implementation:  Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan Mission (SSAM),  Education of Girls at Elementary Level  Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV)KGBV

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 101

Comparative Position of Education Sector with Germany and India (Gujarat)

Budget comparison of education of Germany & India

GERMANY

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 102

India

Present Position and Trend of Education with Germany, India / Gujarat during last 3 to 5 years

Each year more than 230,000 international students (12 % of all the students at German universities) come to Germany for study and research. Germany offers excellent international study programmed’ and excellent research opportunities. Studying in Germany means being part of a global academic community.

Bilateral Cooperation in Education

Enlarge image Students of Gottingen University in the state library In 2009, the German Foreign Office made education and academic cooperation one of the priority area of its foreign policy.

There are many other universities which also internationally collaboration with foreign universities.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 103

India level

 MDI was the first Indian business school and second in Asia to be accredited by London, UK. MDI is also accredited by the South Asian Quality Assurance System (SAQS).

MDI collaborate with following university in Germany:

 Bergische University Wuppertal,Wuppertal  European Business School - Oestrich- Winkel  Frankfurt School of Finance & Mgt., Frankfurt  HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Mgt., Leipzig  Munich Business School, Munich, Germany

 The NLSIU (NATIONAL LAW SCHOOL OF INDIA UNIVERSITY) has the Student Exchange Programmed with the following Universities:

1. BUCERIUS LAW SCHOOL, Germany

2. FREIBURG UNIVERSITY OF LAW SCHOOL, GERMANY

3. UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE, GERMANY

In Gujarat collaboration within foreign university

COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT BETWEEN

FACHHOCHSCHULE BIELEFELD, GERMANY University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld AND Called as UAS Bielefeld PARUL Arogya Seva Mandal, Waghodia (Vadodara), India And it's Institutions Called as Parul, Vadodara

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 104

Experience 'Global' feeling

Each year more than 230,000 international students (12 % of all the students at German universities) come to Germany for study and research. Germany offers wonderful international study programmed and excellent research opportunities. In addition, studying in Germany means being part of a global, highly elite academic community.

High Academic Standards

Being one of the pioneers in the field of education with its historical and modern schools, Germany offers First rate education. The renowned tradition of German universities dates back to the 14th century and ensures an outstanding level of education and research. Germany is hailed to be the best to produce machine tools, motor vehicles and electrical engineering products, which are leading in the international market.

Institute & Industry Interface

Germany has the most practical educational system with excellent industry-institute interaction. Close ties with companies like SAP, Siemens, DPWN, Daimler-Chrysler, BMW or Bosch will increase your career prospects. Many institutions of higher education offer students the opportunity to do internships or carry out research in industry.

International Degree Programmed (IDP) –

Studying in Germany no longer means studying in German medium alone - over 300 International Degree Programmed offer courses which are entirely or partly taught in English. These courses are offered in various disciplines, especially in engineering, natural sciences, computer sciences and economics and lead to internationally recognized Bachelor or Master degrees or even to a PhD.

Economic Vibrancy-

Germany is one of the world's largest economic players - and India's most important EU business partner, especially for machinery, automobiles, chemical and electrical products as well as IT. The economic co-operation between the two countries is increasing and emphasizes the economic power of Germany in Asia.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 105

Cost Effective Education

Universities are state-funded, therefore, generally no tuition fees are charged. You only have to bear your living expenses, such as accommodation, food, transport and health insurance. Special student discounts for various services help to make studying in Germany less expensive than you would have expected.

Compare education policy of Germany and India

Development of education exchange

Germany has extensively supported education and cultural development in India. Germany helped establish the Indian Institute of Technology Madras after both governments signed an agreement in 1956 and increased its cooperation and supply of technology and resources over the decades to help expand the institution.

Germany good for Indian students

Germany is the new America, at least for Indian students pursuing a Master's degree abroad. In the United States and many other developed countries, tuition rates are skyrocketing and Visa requirements are being tightened, yet it is still possible to earn a Masters in Germany free while making the best of the nation's focus on recruiting Indian students.

As policy structure by both the country

Foreign and domestic policy can be conceptualized and transmitted separately, but together they tell a better story. In higher education, you would be hard-pressed to find a government that disputed the need to ‘go global’ – but what happens at domestic level directly affects how this unfolds. Germany and India constitute interesting and contrasting cases.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 106

Education exchange programme opportunities in future for India (Gujarat) with Germany

Aspiring for MBA in International Business Consultancy

The MBA in International Business Consulting at the University of Applied Sciences Offenburg is the program for them who want MBA in HR, logistics, IT or in management. This program will more than exceed student’s expectations. Program accepts professionals with at least 1 year of experience and who have graduated from any disciples.

The MBA "International Business Consulting" (IBC) is a new, hands-on, international full- time program preparing in only 15 months for a leading position in in-house Consulting as well as in external Consulting, Controlling, Project Management.

The characteristics of program are:

 Small groups (15-20 students) to guarantee an individualized attention

 Personal counseling to meet a career aspirations

 Highly environment to facilitate maximum sharing of knowledge and experience

 Highly relevant within continuous loop of quality management

University of Applied Sciences Offenburg has been founded in 1964 and has established itself within decades to be an impressive and high performance educational institution. The student networking work almost 2500 students

Graduate colleges, the body responsible for postgraduate studies at University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, coordinates the MBA in International Business Consulting program.

MBA in IBC

Accreditation In 2004 the IBC program was accredited by the FIBAA (Foundation for International Business Administration Accreditation) which accredits MBA programs in Germany & other countries such like Switzerland, Austria. FIBAA is part of the European Quality Link - EQUAL, the European association of national accrediting bodies for economics- oriented courses.

Apply for this MBA in IBC

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 107

For apply to the MBA in International Business Consulting full-time program by using their online application system called "OASIS".

Accredited by:

FIBAA - International Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education

Mission Statement of the Foundation

Purpose of FIBAA is to promote the quality and transparency in education and science by awarding quality labels on education programs and providers in the areas of higher and continuing education.

FIBAA Goals

Since its inception, the FIBAA has established itself as an active in European and non-European countries, International, Quality Assurance Agency, assesses the degree programs, colleges and quality management. It examines and promotes German and foreign public and private state- recognized universities (also in the process of founding exploiting dividend).

FIBAA international network

European Consortium for Accreditation (ECA)

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 108

European University Association (EUA)

Advantage of MBA (International Business Consultant)

At the University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, you will receive the cutting edge, highly qualitative and quantitative learning, without limitation. Only you can decide to limit it. The strong internationality focus, not only through the participants in the program, but also through the program structure, scholars, staff and alumni, ensures that the IBC community contributes and learns from each other. Globalization brings with it the challenge of internationality, and no one else knows it better than us. If you have an open mind, high curiosity, and a keen wish to gain the extra edge in the international scene, then you are most welcome to join the IBC Community.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 109

OPPORTUNITIES OF GERMAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA AND GUJARAT

TEXTILE OVERVIEW OF GERMANY

Clothing and fashion to Germany

Trends and opportunities

The market

Despite a decreasing expenditure on clothing, Germany is the largest apparel market in Europe. In 2010, the textiles and fashion industry in Germany had 1,200 companies, employing 120,000 staff and generating a total turnover of €27 billion. Clothing made up 41 per cent and textiles 59 per cent of the total turnover. Technical textiles alone generated 50 per cent of industry turnover.Germany is also the largest European Union (EU) importer and represents the biggest mail-order market in Europe with a total turnover of €30.3 billion.Verticalisation has changed the pattern of cooperation with the industry. Major retailers are increasingly influencing production. Vertical chains are replacing independent small enterprises and competition continues to come from foreign retailers.

Classical distinctions between industry and trade are no longer as clear-cut as they previously were. Factory outlet centres and shop-in-shop systems are becoming increasingly powerful and undermining the traditional role of specialised retail traders.

An increasing volume of textiles is being sold by discounters, drugstores, supermarkets and retail chains such as Tchibo (traditionally a chain of coffee-shops which are now offering a wide range of other items including clothing and apparel).

Labelling

The German Textile Labelling Law lays the foundation for the labelling of textiles on the market. All textiles manufactured, imported and sold in Germany must bear a label indicating their raw materials composition. According to the law which applies to all textile products on

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 110 the supply chain, textiles may only be sold if they possess the appropriate specification of the fiber contents, care and washing instructions as well as size in metric measurements. The Textile Labeling Law harmonizes with the EU Directive 96/74/EC in order to make sure that the labelling for textile fibers and other terms used on labels and relevant documents are uniform throughout the EU.

Even though care labelling symbols are not mandatory in Germany, the National Association for Textile Care Labelling, GINETEX, has defined an internationally recognised care labelling system for textiles based on trademark symbols. These care symbols provide traders, consumers and companies with the correct information about taking care of textile products.

Import regulations

In order to import textile products into Germany, companies must make sure that they present a certificate of origin (Ursprungszeugnis), Textiles coming from countries that have no bilateral agreements with the EU require an import license (Einfuhrgenehmigung) in order to enter Germany. Import licenses can be obtained from the Federal Office for Economics and Export Control.Furthermore. according to the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of chemical products Regulation of the European Union (1907/2006/EC), manufacturers and importers of textiles containing potentially dangerous chemicals must register these substances to the European Chemicals Agency and ensure the appropriate communication along the supply chain. The main goal of REACH is to control the safety of chemicals in consumer products, including textiles.

In the last few decades the German textile and clothing industry has undergone intensive structural changes, dominated by falling domestic production, transfer of production to foreign lower-wage economies (―offshoring‖), continuing stiff competition and a shift of focus in home production towards higher-quality, technically challenging textiles. The firms have tackled the structural change head on. They countered it by methods including internationalisation and focussing on innovative products and strong brands, which have led to the development of new customer groups and key markets. The sector still spans a broad range of fields, from traditional segments grappling with the pressures of stiff international competition right through to the

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 111 newer and markedly expanding segments of technical textiles which are setting the pace of innovation In section 2 of this report we outline the structural changes in the sector, together with their importance for the industry in Germany. The third section focuses on the innovative, technical textiles in which German firms are international leaders. We also investigate the drivers of increasing demand for technical textiles, giving examples of their application. As gaining new growth markets is of essential importance for German textile and clothing firms, both with their strong brands in the consumer-oriented sectors and with innovative technical textile.

Structural changes in the textile and clothing industry

The structural changes in the German textile and clothing industry were driven by the global realities in the sector dominated by factors including stiff competition and the major importance of wage costs. particularly in the clothing industry. In the course of these structural changes, the German textile and clothing industry has become more international and flexible and has oriented itself towards higher-quality and innovative products. In particular, the sector has taken the international lead in the field of so-called technical textiles which are linked with a high level of research activity. The structural changes can be illustrated in figures: for instance, the output of the textile and clothing industry in Germany fell by nearly 70%. in real terms, between 1991 and 2010. The clothing sector, which is suffered an 85% decline, performed considerably worse than the textile industry (down 50%). Structural factors were primarily responsible for this decline in production. The sector had begun to shift production plants abroad at a very early stage, well before German unification. This is particularly the case with the clothing industry, where wage costs are a decisive success factor. Over the years, an ever-increasing proportion of textile production has been transferred offshore. It became a matter of business survival for many firms to cut back production in Germany and to build production plants abroad instead, or to commission foreign firms directly (outward processing).

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 112

Germany’s Position in International Trade and Investment

Since the end of the (short-lived) post-unification boom in 1992, there have been more frequent and vocal complaints in Germany about a lack of international competitiveness on the part of German industry and a declining ability of the country to attract internationally mobile factors of production such as capital, technical knowledge and entrepreneurial commitment. More specifically, it is held that German industry is losing ground in “industries of the future“ or “key sectors“. Foreign trade and direct investment figures are the most common indicators used.Before unification, (West) Germany and the United States were the two leading exporters of goods in the world. The two countries accounted for respectively 11.0 percent and 11.1 percent of total merchandise exports during the second half of the 1980s, followed at a distance by Japan with 9.2 percent.12 After unification, Germany’s share of world exports in goods sharply declined, from 12.2 percent in 1990 to 10.2 percent in 1993, which mostly reflects the diversion of western German exports from foreign countries to eastern Germany while eastern German exports to the former Soviet Union collapsed. In the following years, Germany’s position in exports of goods deteriorated further, albeit less dramatically. In 1996, with 9.9 percent, it fell below the 10 percent level for the first time since the mid-1980s. In consequence, Germany now trails behind the United States (11.9 percent in 1996) whereas its lead over Japan (7.9 percent) has been maintained (Figure 1).13 Even in 1997, when exports were the engine of overall economic growth in Germany, the German world market share declined, which is however largely a technical “valuation“ effect owing to the devaluation of the Deutschmark up to mid-1997 (Hinze 1998, p. 111). German exports also show a number of structural weaknesses, among which underrepresentation in the field of high-technology goods and on regional growth markets standout. The position of Germany as a leading industrialized country, with a high level ofhuman capital and a sophisticated research infrastructure, would suggest a powerfulpresence of its exporters in high-technology trade. Yet Germany’s share of OECD exportsin this most expansive field of international business is relatively small (13.3 percent in 1995), if compared to its share in OECD exports of manufactured products as a whole (15.8 percent), and it is significantly lower than the respective (absolute and relative) shares of the United States (25.2 percent/15.6 percent) and of Japan (19.8 percent/14.0 percent).

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 113

Germany is comparatively strong in exports of medium-technology products where it was the world market leader in 1995 (19.5 percent), together with Japan (19.3 percent) and far ahead of the United States (13.1 percent)15. The share of these products in total OECD exports of manufactures has been stagnant in recent years. German exporters in this field rely to a considerable degree on high-technology imports from other countries. 16 Germany’s stake in medium-technology trade is also increasingly challenged by newly industrializing countries. Dynamic Asian economies in particular, of the first and second generation are intensifying the production and export of these goods. Similar trends can be observed in Latin American countries, and the transition economies of central and eastern Europe are expected to join these country groups soon (Nunnenkamp 1996, p. 252). The geographic proliferation of the innovative potential thus threatens established German market positions in product areas where comparative advantages have hitherto been enjoyed as a matter of course. The regional structure of German exports still is closely geared towards relatively slow growing markets in industrialized countries, and particularly those in western Europe, even though the EU share in German trade has fallen from about 60 percent to 55 percent during the 1990s.17 This corresponds with increasing shares of dynamic growth regionsin other parts of the world, in particular Pacific Asia and Latin America, and of eastern European countries. Germany’s exports to the Asian “tiger economies“18 rose from 3.3 percent to 5.5 percent of total German merchandise exports and those to central and southern American countries from 1.9 percent to 2.7 percent while shipments to Germany’s major trading partners in eastern Europe19 even doubled (from 3 percent to 6 percent) in relative terms between 1990 and 1997.20 Nevertheless, the German export profile in Pacific Asia and Latin America remains low.In 1996, German exporters captured only 4.3 percent of Asian import markets (down from 4.5 percent in 1990),21 against 19.5 percent (20.9 percent) for Japanese companies and 13.9 percent (15.1 percent) for U.S. firms. The German part of Latin American imports shrank from 6.6 percent in 1990 to 4.6 percent in 1996, whereas the respective American and Japanese shares grew from 38.5 percent to 40.5 percent and 5.9 percent to 6.3 percent during the same period.22 In eastern Europe, by contrast, Germany is the dominant supplier. Its import share in the area has increased further in recent time (from 23.6 percent in 1993 to 24.8 percent in 1996) compared to the low and

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 114

(slightly) declining percentages for the United States (3.9 percent/3.7 percent) and Japan (1.9 percent/ 1.8 percent) in these years.23 The second indicator commonly used to characterize Germany’s foreign economic position - direct investment (DI) - shows that a big gap has developed since the early 1980s between outward and inward capital flows (Figure 2). In 1996, investments by foreign companies in Germany almost came to a halt, amounting to little more than DM 1bn, whereas German firms in this year nearly invested DM 39bn abroad, thus leaving a record deficit of about DM 38bn. Similar trends occur in the field of investment in knowledge capital which is a special element of the general direct investment process. It has been the focus of much of the locational debate in Germany as intensified innovative activity, that is, the accelerated development of new products and production processes is the conditio sine qua non for achieving higher levels of real income and gainful employment. The share of gross domestic product (GDP) spent on research and development (R&D), which is the mainspring of innovation, has in fact declined steadily in Germany, from 2.9 percent in 1987- 89 (the historical peak) to 2.3 percent in 1996, owing mostly to a real reduction of R&D expenditures in the company sector. In international comparison, Germany has clearly lost ground against trading partners in this area.24 Declining R&D intensities in Germany concur with stagnant R&D activities of foreign companies in this country. German-based firms, on the other hand, in particular big companies, have quickly expanded their R&D engagement in foreign countries in recent time.25 In 1995, R&D expenditures by German companies abroad (amounting to about DM 10bn, i.e. 17 percent of total R&D expenditure by enterprises in Germany) for the first time exceeded that of foreign firms in Germany (DM 9.5bn/15 percent) (BMBF 1997a, pp. 45-46). If current tendencies continue, a wide gap between “outward“ and “inward“ investment in knowledge capital could even evolve, similar to the general direct investment gap noted above.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 115

India visàvis Global Textiles

The global textile and clothing industry estimated to be worth about US$ 4,395 bn and currently global trade in textiles and clothing stands at around US$ 360 bn. The US market is the largest, estimated to be growing at 5% per year, and in combination with the EU nations, accounts for 64% of clothing consumption.

The Indian textile industry are valued at US$ 36 bn with exports totalling US$ 17 bn in 2005‐2006. At the global level India’s textile exports account for just 4.72% of global textile and clothing exports, The export basket includes a wide range of items including cotton yarn and fabrics. man‐made yarn and fabrics, wool and silk fabrics, made‐ups and a variety of the garments. Quota constraints and shortcomings in producing value‐added fabrics and garments and the absence of contemporary design facilities are some of the challenges that have impacted textile exports from India.

India’s presence in the international market are significant in the areas of fabrics and yarn.

1 India the largest exporter of yarn in the international market and a share of 25%, in world cotton yarn exports. 2 India accounts for 12% of the world’s production of textile fibres and yarn 3 In terms of spindleage, the Indian textile industry is ranked second after China, and accounts for 23% of the world’s spindle capacity Around 6% of global rotor capacity is in India

Structure of Indian Textile Industry

Textile industry in India comprises mostly of small-scale and non-integrated spinning weaving finishing and apparel-making enterprises Such a structure arose due to the policies on tax labour and other regulations that favoured small-scale, labour-intensive enterprises, while discriminating against large-scale, capital -intensive operations. There are a modern mill sector

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 116 on the one hand and handloom and powerloom sectors on the other side Small-scale “unorganized” players dominate the industry where the regulations are less stringent ,Most of the units are in handloom sector and the employment is also the highest. On and average around 2 workers work in each handloom unit, thus making handloom sector mostly home-based.

Based on the latest data available for the period 2010-11, power loom sector alone accounted for 62% of the total cloth production, However, the organized mill sector accounted for only 3% of the total cloth production during the same period and the quantity of cloth produced by. continuously declining. The share of both handloom and mill sector had almost halved in the past decade. The rise in the cloth production was due to positive growth rate in production of cloth by power loom and hosiery. This indicates the diminishing importance of handlooms in comparison to power looms. The handloom sector is continuously becoming marginalized. Further the share of cotton cloth in Indian cloth production was as high as 60% in 1995-96, though over the years its share declined gradually to 46% in 2004-05. However, the years 2005- 06 and 2007-08 have shown an increase in cotton cloth production. This indicates that in the recent years there is a renewed interest for cotton cloth production.

India’s Textile Exports

The Textiles exports basket consists of Ready-made garments .Cotton textiles. Textiles made from man-made fibre, Wool and Woollen goods, Silk, Handicrafts, Coir, and Jute. Further the export basket consists of variety of items: cotton yarn and fabrics, wool and silk fabrics, man- made yarn and fabrics, etc., of which man-made textiles and silk showed the highest growth rate. The Textile Policy of 1985 heralded a new beginning for the textile industry by focusing on the deep-rooted structural weaknesses. The reforms in 1990s further boosted the textile industry . The textile industry was de-licensed and reforms on fiscal and export front were pursued. As a result, India’s Textile export during the financial year 20010-11 have reached Rs.923940 million from Rs.154836 million in 1992- 93 marking an annual growth of 13 per cent per annum This period also witnessed drastic decline in the share of textile export in total exports as it declined from 29% of total exports in 1992-93 to 15% in 2007-08.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 117

India’s Textile Imports

One of the significant aspects of India’s textile sector that it has relatively negligible import content. Textile imports increased from Rs.13426 million in 1992-93 to Rs.139140 million in 2007-08. Major markets for textile import, is Chinese Republic, China Taipei, Korea Republic , and middle and low-income countries, accounting for around 36% of imports in textiles and clothing. Undoubtedly, the global textile and clothing industry are growing significantly in the post quota regime. The extent to which Indian textile and clothing industry can improve its position in the global market depends on its potential competitiveness.

Productivity –Growth in Textile and Garments Sector

One of the important aspects of the textile and garments industry are its contribution to employment. If at all it was believed that Indian textile and garments industry will grow by leaps and bounds during the post quota regime it was precisely because of its advantages in terms of labour productivity in relation to the prevailing wage rate.

Among handloom, powerloom and mill sector, power loom sector occupies a dominant position followed by the handloom and organized mills sector. As far as the labor productivity is concerned, it was the least for handlooms (877 sq.mtrs. per worker) as compared to power looms (5896 sq.mtrs.) and organized mill sector (1500 sq.mtrs.). Thus, it The Indian textile industry one the most important industries for Indian economy. Its importance is to underlined by the fact that it accounts for around 4% of GDP, 14% of the industrial production and 17% of the country’s in total export ans earnings. Besides, the sector employs nearly 35 mn employees; the textile industry is the second-largest employment generating industry in both rural and urban are after the agriculture industry.

The vast pool of skilled and unskilled workers. availability of labour at low costs, strong base for production of raw materials characterise the textile industry in India. The increase in domestic demand and ability of the units in the industry to process small or customised orders are some of the advantages for the textile industry in India, The textile sector are highly diverse and has

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 118 hand-spun and hand woven segments at one end of the spectrum, and capital-intensive, sophisticated and modern mills at the other.

Industry Structure

The textile industry are vertically-integrated across the value chain and extends from fibre to fabric to garments. At the same time it are a highly-fragmented sector, and comprises small- scale. non-integrated spinning, weaving, processing and cloth manufacturing enterprises.

The textile sector had always been an important part of a people’s lives in India. Much before industrialisation, hand weavers and handloom workers contributed to the growth of the industry. The government framed policies during 1950-1970 for the development of SSIs in the sector; as a result, the power loom and handloom sectors,. mainly small and medium scale enterprises, were decentralised.

Indian advantage in raw material

The Indian economy has primarily been an agriculture-driven economy. The vast stretches of land, resources and climatic conditions aid the production of varied raw materials for different industrial purposes. Historically, India has been known for its high-quality cotton, jute and other natural fibre. Over the years, however, the domestic industry has progressed and diversified into many types of fibre and yarn, both natural and man-made. The textile industry in India includes almost all types of textile fibres – natural fibres such as cotton, jute, silk and wool; synthetic / man-made fibres such as polyester, viscose, nylon, acrylic and polypropylene (PP) and multiple blends of such fibres and filament yarns such as partiallyoriented yarn (POY). The type of yarn used is dictated by the end product that is manufactured.

The man-made textile industry comprises fibre and filament yarn manufacturing units of cellulosic and non-cellulosic origin. The cellulosic fibre/yarn industry is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Textiles, while the noncellulosic industry is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 119

As seen, the abundant availability of raw material are one of the important advantages of the Indian textile industry. It is well-established that India possesses a natural advantage in terms of raw material availability. India was the largest producer of jute, the second-largest producer of cotton and silk and among the largest producers of wool across the world.

Current Scenario

The Indian Textiles Industry has an overwhelming presence in the economic life of the country. Apart from providing one of the basic necessities of life, the textiles industry also plays a vital role through its contribution to industrial output, employment generation, and the export earnings of the country. The sector contributes about 14 per cent to industrial production, 4 per cent to the gross domestic product (GDP), and 17 per cent to the country's export earnings. It provides direct employment to over 35 million people. The textiles sector is the second largest provider of employment the improvement of the economy of the nation. India has the potential to increase its textile and apparel share in the world trade from the current level of 4.5 per cent to 8 per cent and reach US$ 80 billion by 2020.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 120

Export Scenario

The Indian textiles and clothing industry is one of the largest contributors to the country’s exports. The textile products continue to hold an important role in the Indian exports. The latest status of exports of textiles from the country is given in the Table below:-

2009-10 2010-11 2010-11 2011-12 Items million us $ million us $ million us $ million us $ Readymade Garments 10064.73 10627.99 5512.15 7088.74 Cotton Textiles 5711.41 8360.35 3466.96 4899.36 Manmade textile 3970.88 4643.06 2465.75 3215.49 Wollen Yarn, 470.20 429.75 248.77 324.65 Fabrics, MadeupsEtc Silk Textil 596.05 595.19 323.95 282.34 Handloom 264.85 365.48 185.89 324.14

TOTAL 21078.12 25021.82 12203.47 16134.72

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES AND REGULATORY

FRAMEWORK

Government Initiatives

The Government of India has promoted a number of export promotion policies for the Textile sector in the Union Budget 2011-12 and the Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14. This also includes the various incentives under Focus Market Scheme and Focus Product Scheme; broad basing the coverage of Market Linked Focus Product Scheme for textile products and extension of Market Linked Focus Product Scheme etc. to increase the Indian shares in the global trade of textiles and clothing. The various schemes and promotions by the Government of India are as follows - It has allowed 100 per cent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in textiles under the automatic route.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 121

Welfare Schemes: The Government has offered health insurance coverage and life insurance coverage to 161.10 million weavers and ancillary workers under the Handloom Weavers' Comprehensive Welfare Scheme, while 733,000 artisans were provided health coverage under the Rajiv Gandhi Shilpi Swasthya BimaYojna.

E-Marketing: The Central Cottage Industries Corporation of India (CCIC), and the Handicrafts and Handlooms Export Corporation of India (HHEC) have developed a number of e-marketing platforms to simplify marketing issues. Also, a number of marketing initiatives have been taken up to promote niche handloom and handicraft products with the help of 600 events all over the country.

Skill Development: As per the 12th Five Year Plan, the Integrated Skill Development Scheme aims to train over 2,675,000 people within the next 5 years (this would cover over 270,000 people during the first two years and the rest during the remaining three years). This scheme would cover all sub sectors of the textile sector such as Textiles and Apparel; Handicrafts; Handlooms; Jute; and Sericulture.

Credit Linkages: As per the Credit Guarantee program, over 25,000 Artisan Credit Cards have been supplied to artisans, and 16.50 million additional applications for issuing up credit cards have been forwarded to banks for further consideration with regards to the Credit Linkage scheme.

Financial package for waiver of overdues: The Government of India has announced a package of US$ 604.56 million to waive of overdue loans in the handloom sector. This also includes the waiver of overdue loans and interest till 31st March, 2010, for loans disbursed to handloom sector. This is expected to benefit at least 300,000 handloom weavers of the industry and 15,000 cooperative societies.

Textiles Parks: The Indian Government has given approval to 40 new Textiles Parks to be set up and this would be executed over a period of 36 months. The new Textiles Parks would leverage Private & Confidential .employment to 400,000 textiles workers. The product mix in these parks would include apparels and garments parks, hosiery parks, silk parks, processing parks, technical textiles including medical textiles, carpet and power loom parks.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 122

Recent Developments

Along with the increasing export figures in the Indian Apparel sector in the country, Bangladesh is planning to set up two Special Economic Zones (SEZ) for attracting Indian companies, and duty free trade between the two countries. The two SEZs are intended to come up on 100-acre plots of land in Kishoreganj and Chattak, in Bangladesh.

Italian luxury major Canali has entered into a 51:49 Joint Venture with Genesis Luxury Fashion, which currently has distribution rights of Canali-branded products in India. The company will now sell Canali branded products in India exclusively.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 123

INVESTMENTS AND OPPORTUNTIES

Investment

The textiles sector has witnessed a spurt in investment during the last five years. The industry (including dyed and printed) attracted foreign direct investments (FDI) worth US$ 1.04 billion during April 2000 to November 2012.

Some of the major investments in Indian Textile Industry are:

British clothing brand Superdry plans to open 20 stores in India over the next five years, as per Mr James Holder, Founder, Superdry

The Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts (EPCH) is setting up an international lace trade centre at Narsapuram in Andhra Pradesh (AP) with an outlay of Rs 15.33 crore (US$ 2.82 million)

The Aditya Birla Group has signed an in-principle agreement to buy the assets of Ontario-based Terrace Bay Pulp Mill for Rs 605 crore (US$ 111.62 million). The acquisition would be carried out through AV Terrace Bay (Canada), a special purpose vehicle (SPV) in which two group companies, Grasim Industries and Thailand-based Thai Rayon Public, would hold stake

American apparel-maker, Tommy Hilfiger plans to add 500 stores in India over the next five years as part of their expansion spree. Currently, Tommy Hilfiger operates 58 franchisee outlets and over 60 shop-in-shops in other department stores

Italian luxury apparel maker, CancliniTessile is tying up with Tirupur-based Emperor Textiles to stitch its shirts in India. The equal joint venture (JV) with Emperor Textiles will set up a separate manufacturing unit in Tirupur to manufacture Italian fabric for domestic consumption

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 124

Opportunities

The potential size of the Indian textiles industry is expected to reach US$ 220 billion by 2020.

Private sector participation in silk production

The Central Silk Board has set a target of 26,000 tonnes of raw silk production by 2011–12. It has also proposed to enlarge the area under mulberry silkworm food plants to 0.25 million hectares, which is expected to produce an additional 6,400 MT of mulberry raw silk and increase employment. To achieve these targets, alliances with the private sector, especially major agro- based industries in both pre-cocoon and post-cocoon segments, is being encouraged.

Technical textiles

The textiles industry complements the growth of several industries and institutions such as the defence forces, railways and government hospitals, which are the key institutional buyers of technical textiles. The market is likely to grow to USD31 billion by 2020, implying a CAGR of 10 per cent. This industry includes the production of flexible packaging material for industrial, Private & Confidential agricultural and consumer goods. Among the other segments, protech, oekotech, sportech and geotech have significant growth potential.India’s technical textile industry is mainly dominated by unorganized players. However, it is an emerging area for investment with good growth opportunities.

Retail sector

With consumerism and disposable income on the incline, the retail sector has witnessed rapid growth in the past decade. Several international retailers are also focusing on India due to its emergence as a potential sourcing destination.

Centres of Excellence (CoE) for research and technical training

The Government of India has proposed the establishment of several CoEs for training the workforce in the textiles sector. Four CoEs have been identified for four thrust segments of technical textiles —geotech, meditech, protech and agrotech. These CoEs, with national and international accreditation, are aimed at creating facilities for testing and evaluation and developing resource centres and facilities for training.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 125

SUMMARY

 In introduction we started with Germany’s brief description and demographic profile of country.  In second part we saw that German rules were usually head of the Holy Roman Empire.  Germen economy has contained Europe's largest - is a leading exporter of machinery, vehicles, chemicals, and household equipment and benefits from a highly skilled labor force.  Indian industry majors such as Tata Motors, Bharat Forge, Suzlon and the Mahindra’s group, Wipro, Infosys have all established their base in Germany. There are 215 Indian companies active in Germany employing over 24,000 people” Added Shri Sharma.  The most important branch of the economic activity in Germany with traditionally a very high share of total economic production is industry. The 49,000 German industrial undertakings employ nearly 6.4 million staff. Together they generate turnover of more than EUR 1.3 trillion. 98 per cent of all German industrial undertakings are small or medium-sized companies (SME) with 500 or fewer staff. SME generate around 33 per cent of industrial turnover.  Germany's great competitive strength internationally is illustrated most clearly in its high level of and rapidly growing merchandise exports.  Development Policy is a cross-cutting task of the German policy. It touches on economic, financial, social and ecological areas of German foreign policy, while at the same time being understood to be the global structural policy that contributes to peace and security. The overarching objective of German development policy is to fight poverty.

 The economy of Germany, to a large extent, is driven by automobile industry. The country is the fourth-largest producer of automobiles; BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Porsche are some of the leading brands. It is also the largest exporter of automobiles.  Since 2009-11, bilateral trade between India and Germany bas grows at a record 20% in the past 3 years

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 126

 It reports on the present trade relation between India – Germany. Our group present and describe the trade relation data, information, system and method regarding different sector such as AGRO, IT, LEATHER, TOURISM & TEXTILES.  In this project report also our team put efforts and collected data regarding IGCC (Indo- German chambers of commerce) and ambassador of both the countries through which trader or business men do their trading activity with the policy under them.  The policy of trade between India and Germany and such kind of statistical data, balance of payment of India and Germany.  We note that adding solar power and wind, remove the need for fossil fuel based energy infrastructure. Scenarios based on solar power and wind is fundamentally reliant on fossil fuels and sooner this is understood the better it is for climate. Currently the mirage of purely unreliable based energy production essentially maintains the use of fossil fuels for as long as the eye can see both for technical and financial reasons.  In the present scenario standalone solar photovoltaic and wind systems have been promoted around the globe on a comparatively larger scale. These independent systems cannot provide continuous source of energy, as they are seasonal. The solar and wind energies are complement in nature. By integrating and optimizing the solar photovoltaic and wind systems, the reliability of the systems can be improved and the unit cost of power can be minimized.  The German Green Party is showing signs of eco populism by calling for a punitive tax on plastic carrier bags, according to the German association of plastics packaging. Germany is proposing a 22 cent tax for plastic carrier bags in order to promote alternative packaging materials. All stores in Germany that provide plastic bags must pay a recycling tax.  In Germany all stores that provide plastic bags must pay a recycling fee to the government for enhancing recycling programs. As a result, retailers charge between 5 an10 cents per single use bag depending on the type of bag.  After studying the automobile sector of Germany, it has been found that country has developed the most unique technology in the respective sector. Germany is the world class country in terms of serving the automobile sector. It leads in 4 wheeler all over the

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 127

world and even the study shows that country has powerful technoly in 2 wheelers and cycles also.  But, German cars are costly due to its unique technology and hence it is affordable by high class families only. Even, now all the countries are trying to adopt the German technology to survive in the global market.  After doing detailed study, we could realize that now Germany is focusing more on future too and hence it has innovated new electric cars in accordance of reducing level of natural resources due to over population and other human activities. Thus, it is trying to widespread its new product in the global market also.

 It has been found by the study that majority of Germans are non vegetarian consuming variety of non-veg food items. Along with non vegetarian food consumption, German chocolates & cakes &pastries are prominent all over world.  As the climate of the country is too cold to bare, people over there consume lots of alcohols everyday irrespective of gender. Even the consumption of water is too less due to its high cost & so people prefer beer as it is too cheap to consume every day.  As per whole kind of data what we find it and after that researched on Gujarat education we can say that as per Germany education and India (Gujarat ) both are required to support to developments in their education sector with the well collaboration through so which achieve a such level of better education and system providing in the future.  Government policy has played a fundamental role in shaping the growth, structure and technological evolution of the textile sector in India. India's position in the World Textiles Economy india is the Second largest producer of raw cotton.  There is a growing trend in the bilateral trade between the two nations and the export industry has registered an incredible growth.

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 128

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/history_of_Germany  Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.mht  History of Germany - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.mht  www.currentaffairs.com  www.economicsindia.com  www.economicsgermany.com  http://ec.europa.eu/translation/writing/style_guides/english/style_guide_en.pdf  http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/bitstream/10419/29686/1/614463556.pdf http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/Building_types_study/Office_Buildings/2011/ oval-offices.asp  http://www.archdaily.com/317820/cologne-oval-offices-sauerbruch-hutton/http://alpolic- usa.com/architecture/prismatic-sustainable-buildings-imitate-the-changing-seasons/  http://iet.jrc.ec.europa.eu/energyefficiency/cologne-oval-offices-no-72-74  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Germany  http://www.wri.org/stories/2010/09/germanys-green-economy-strategy  http://www.oxbridgewriters.com/essays/european-studies/the-concept-on-going-green.php  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_economy  www.wikipedia.com  www.currentaffairs.com  www.economicsindia.com  www.economicsgermany.com  www.BuildingGreen.com.  (http://www.greenroofs.org/boston)  http://solar-energy.com.ua  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_Germany  http://www.zermany.com  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Germany  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Germany  http://www.renewableenergyengineeringservices.com  http://thinkprogress.org  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power  http://www.benefits-of-recycling.com  http://about.bnef.com/markets/renewable-energy/solar/  http://about.bnef.com/markets/gas/  http://about.bnef.com/markets/nuclear/

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 129

 http://knowledgetoday.wharton.upenn.edu/2012/05/sunspots-germany-proves-solar-energy-is-no-mirage/  http://www.garlockequip.com  http://mediamatters.org  http://knowledgetoday.wharton.upenn.edu  www.ise.fraunhofer.de/.../electricity-production-from-solar-and-wind  http://www.renewableenergyworld.com  http://exploringgreentechnology.com  http://www.zenithsolar.in/wind-solar-hybrid-system.htm  http://www.zenithsolar.in/wind-solar-hybrid-system.htm  http://greentechy.en.alibaba.com  www.passiiviidentiteetti.blogspot.com  http://toyam.in/our_expertise.php  http://trade.indiamart.com  http://www.granzor.in/Solar_Hybrid_System.html  http://www.phosflowturbines.com  www.drkglobal.blogspot.com/2012/07/drk-global-solar-ventures.html  http://www.slideshare.net  http://www.arpapress.com  http://www.startupbizhub.com/how-to-start-solar-energy-business.htm  http://www.india.diplo.de/Vertretung/indien/en/12__Climate__Development__Cooperation/Energy/Project s/Sakri.html  http://www.germany-and-india.com/en/article/837  http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/solar-energy-in-india-business-tariffs/1/21752.html  http://www.waaree.com/site/Solar/History.aspx  www.ibworld.xs4all.nl/dl/publications/TG66Report.pdf  solarbau.de/monitor/doku/proj02/dokuproj/Spieler_Eurosun.pdf  www.itismajorana.gov  http://www.wisegeek.com/how-can-i-use-solar-power-in-my-home.htm  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books  www.german-irish.ie/fileadmin/.../10.10-B.KWK-38slides.ppt  www.iitk.ac.in/iitj/solarenergy/IOC%20PRESENTATION.ppt  http://www.slideshare.net/swapnil_energy/concentrated-solar-power-technologies-csp  www.eon.com › Home › Business Areas › Power Generation › Solar  http://gigaom.com  www.spiegel.de › English Site › Germany › Offshore Wind Parks  http://www.midatlanticoceanresearchplan.org/offshore-energy-development

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 130

 www.udel.edu/PR/UDaily/2007/feb/wind020107.html  http://cleantechnica.com/2013/02/13/siemens-to-provide-80-wind-turbines-to-german-offshore-wind- power-plant/  www.dongenergy.co.uk  cibworld.xs4all.nl/dl/publications/TG66Report.pdf  www.energymatters.com  www.eco-smart.org  www. Greenprophed.com  www.cleantechnica.com  www.business-in-germany.biz/  www.solar-afrika.de/en/  www.benefits-of-recycling.com/solarenergycompanies/  http://www.solarsystems.com.au  www.sapphirecaptical proboard.com  www.midatlanticoceanresearchplan.org  www.democraticundergriund.com  www.udel.edu/pr/udaily/2007/feb/wind20107.html  www.poweronline.com  www.southbaltic-offshore.eu  www.spiegel.de  https://backstage.rtlgroup.on  www.capecodonline.com  www.reportlinker.com  www.solar-afrika.de/en/  www.google.com  Solar_power_in_India.com  www.benefits-of-recycling.com/solarenergycompanies/  http://www.solarsystems.com.au  http://www.slideshare.net  www.wikipedia.com  Solar_power_in_Germany.com  www.E.ON.COM  www. Concentrating Solar Power.com  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_Germany  http://www.democraticunderground.com/10022506215  http://www.democraticunderground.com/10022508230

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 131

 http://blogs.cas.suffolk.edu/patrex/2012/09/24/germanys-green-energy-policy/  http://blogs.cas.suffolk.edu/patrex/2012/09/24/germanys-green-energy-policy/  http://digitaljournal.com/article/325600  http://www.sepco-solarlighting.com/blog/bid/123400/Countries-Paving-the-Future-of-Solar-Energy  http://www.picsweb.net/images/Solar_power_in_Germany  http://solar-energy.com.ua/german-solar-power-plants-produced-a-world-record-22-gigawatts/  http://www.democraticunderground.com/10022027496  http://www.indiamart.com/waareeenergies/about-us.html  http://www.waaree.com/site/Solar/Overview.aspx  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_Germany  http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/offshore-wind-farms-a-green-revolution-off-germany-s-coast- a-567622.html  http://www.india.diplo.de/Vertretung/indien/en/12__Climate__Development__Cooperation/Energy/Project s/Sakri.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Germany  http://www.eon.com/en/business-areas/power-generation/solar/concentrated-solar-power.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Germany  http://www.germany-and-india.com/en/article/518  http://www.eon.com/en/business-areas/power-generation/wind/offshore.html  http://www.southbaltic-offshore.eu/regions-germany.html  http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20130318183401AAt8NL4  http://civilengineerblog.com/solar-power-home/  http://www.wisegeek.com/how-can-i-use-solar-power-in-my-home.htm  http://exploringgreentechnology.com/solar-energy/hybrid-energy-systems/  http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/Berta-45390-energy-efficient-buildings-international- benchmark-Programme-de-Recherche-et-dexp-rimentation-sur-lEnergie-dans-le-B-timent-efficien- Education-ppt-powerpoint/  http://www.indiamart.com/nextgenerationsolar/residential-pvs.html  http://www.samarthagreentech.net/solar-products.html  http://softdisksolar.in/getprofile.php?company=waaree&year=2012  http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_web-portal-on-indian-solar-market-launched_1760537  http://www.greenprophet.com/2012/11/remote-controlled-juwi-wind-solar-egypt/  http://lebanese-economy-forum.com/world-facts/show/gm-people/  http://about.bnef.com/markets/renewable-energy/geothermal/  http://about.bnef.com/markets/renewable-energy/solar/  http://about.newenergyfinance.com/about/markets/renewable-energy/solar/

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 132

 http://cleantechnica.com/2013/02/13/siemens-to-provide-80-wind-turbines-to-german-offshore-wind- power-plant/  http://bravenewclimate.com/2011/11/30/solar-wind-combined/  http://www.electricalmonitor.com/ArticleDetails.aspx?aid=1166&sid=5  http://www.solarguidelines.in/news/launch-solar-guidelines-hon-minister-dr-farooq-abdulla  http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=115x309476 •http://theenergycollective.com/barrybrook/71283/solar-combined-wind-power-way-get-rid-fossil- fuels?asid=e6c83eaf  http://blog.etoncorp.com/index.php/2010/09/solar-power-in-the-home/  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_by_country  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_European_Union  http://passiiviidentiteetti.blogspot.com/  http://www.zenithsolar.in/solar-products.htm  http://solar-energy.com.ua/german-solar-power-plants-produced-a-world-record-22-gigawatts/  http://green.wikia.com/wiki/Wind_energy  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Installed_solar_power_capacity  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_debate  http://www.zenithsolar.in/wind-solar-hybrid-system.htm  http://midatlanticoceanresearchplan.org/offshore-energy-development  http://about.newenergyfinance.com/about/markets/renewable-energy/ http://about.newenergyfinance.com/about/markets/energy-smart-technologies/digital-energy/  http://www.rockhousemountain.org/system/articles-energy/65-germany-leader-in-renewable-energy  http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/04/19/467122/a-refundable-federal-tax-credit-could-remove-barriers- to-community-wind/  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_plant  http://www.tradeindia.com/fp364009/Solar-Wind-Hybrid-System.html  http://about.newenergyfinance.com/about/markets/water/  http://factsaboutthesolarenergy.info/s/calamansi-peel/  http://theenergycollective.com/barrybrook/71283/solar-combined-wind-power-way-get-rid-fossil- fuels?asid=27f7ef16 http://jains.com/Solar/jain%20jyot/jain%20jyot%20solar%20wind%20hybrid%20system.htm  http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/solar-energy-in-india-business-tariffs/1/21752.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany  http://www.car-companies.net/german_car_companies/german_car_companies.html  http://www.electricbike.com/smart-e-bike-factory/

 http://www.kalkhoffusa.com/

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 133

 http://cleantechnica.com/2013/01/02/foldable-electric-cars-will-begin-use-in-german-carsharing-network- this-year\

 http://inhabitat.com/the-folding-ev-hiriko-is-slated-to-become-part-of-germanys-car-sharing-program/

 http://www.thegreencarwebsite.co.uk/blog/index.php/2013/01/02/folding-car-joins-berlin-car-sharing- network/

 http://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/18/business/germany-fights-for-car-pollution-limits.html

 http://inhabitat.com/germany-bans-polluting-cars-from-city-centre/

 http://www.scoopweb.com/Automobile_industry_in_Germany

 www.google.com/search?hl=en&q="significant%2Bshare.%2BFamous%2BVolkswagen%2BBeetle%2Bw as%2Bissued%2Bin%2BMexico"&cd_min=1%2F1%2F2000&cd_max=1%2F1%2F2015&source=lnt&tbs =cdr%3A1

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wik

 http://gigaom.com/2013/02/12/a-german-startups-plan-to-make-electric-car-charging-more-like-cell-phone- service/

 http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/features/investment-world/money-wise/why-electric-cars-are-not- that-hot/article4323313.ece

 http://www.electricbike.com/smart-e-bike-factory/

 http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreencarwebsite.co.uk%2Fblog%2F index.php%2F2013%2F01%2F02%2Ffolding-car-joins-berlin- car&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CDIQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreencarwebsite.co. uk%2Fblog%2Findex.php%2F2013%2F01%2F02%2Ffolding-car-joins-berlin-car-sharing- network%2F&ei=UNhjUaqXBsTSrQftmYHwDw&usg=AFQjCNHLRHDNZHBjoBJOeD_th69ZP6C9cA &bvm=bv.44990110,d.bmk

 http://gigaom.com/2013/02/12/a-german-startups-plan-to-make-electric-car-charging-more-like-cell-phone- service/

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Germany  http://www.gujarattourism.com/  http:// www.gujaratindustry.gov.in  http://www.indextb.com  http://www.gidc.gov.in  http://www.gidb.org  http://www.tourisminindia.com  http://www.mongabay.com/history/germany/germany-tourism.html

o http://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g297613-d2008096-Reviews-Laxmi_Vilas_Palace- Vadodara_Gujarat.html

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 134 o http://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g635748-d2008495-Reviews-Kirti_Mandir_Temple- Porbandar_Gujarat.html o http://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g303879-d2542575-Reviews- Gir_National_Park_and_Wildlife_Sanctuary-Junagadh_Gujarat.html o http://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g1156008-d2625822-Reviews-Saputara_Lake- Saputara_Gujarat.html o http://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g297612-d2702212-Reviews-ISKCON_Temple- Surat_Gujarat.html o http://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g679050-d3705509-Reviews-Takhteshwar_Temple- Bhavnagar_Gujarat.html o http://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g297613-d2008096-Reviews-Laxmi_Vilas_Palace- Vadodara_Gujarat.html o http://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g635748-d2008495-Reviews-Kirti_Mandir_Temple- Porbandar_Gujarat.html o http://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g303879-d2542575-Reviews- Gir_National_Park_and_Wildlife_Sanctuary-Junagadh_Gujarat.html o http://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g1156008-d2625822-Reviews-Saputara_Lake- Saputara_Gujarat.html o http://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g297612-d2702212-Reviews-ISKCON_Temple- Surat_Gujarat.html o http://www.economywatch.com/world-industries/hospitality/ o http://www.prlog.org/10250551-europe-hospitality-ranking-germany-ranked-first-with-44812- lodging-companies.html o http://www.photius.com/countries/germany/economy/index.html o http://www.hoteltravel.com/germany/guides/activities_sports.htm o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_cuisine o http://germanfood.about.com/ o http://germanfood.about.com/od/introtogermanfood/u/Traditional-German-Recipes.htm o http://germanfood.about.com/od/maindishes/tp/meathub.htm o http://germanfood.about.com/od/middaymealmittagessen/tp/menulist.htm o http://www.alibaba.com/trade/search?f0=y&IndexArea=product_en&SearchText=german+food+i mport&conti=EU&country=IN o http://www.alibaba.com/product- free/121129727/GERMAN_FOOD_DELI_Specialties_from_Germany.html o http://www.alibaba.com/product-gs/728365223/2013_air_express_shipping_service_logistics.html o www.franchiseindia.com/international/article/business-insight/trends/Hotel-Franchising-Poised- for-Growth-in-India-8/ o http://www.hilton.com/en/hi/promotions/hi_nlp_asiapacific/index.jhtml?cid=OM,HH,Asia,Region alMap o http://www3.hilton.com/en/hotels/india/hilton-new-delhi-janakpuri-hotel- DELHJHI/about/index.html o http://www.germanhotelgoaindia.com/index.html o http://www.wyndhamworldwide.com/about-wyndham-worldwide/wyndham-hotel-group o www.new-delhi.diplo.de/ o www.daad.com

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 135 o www.fibba.com o www.toi.com o www.bbc.co.uk/business o www.ssmrea.com o www.currentaffairs.com o www.economicsindia.com o www.economicsgermany.com o www.akdn.org/Content/908 o www.prathamusa.org/regions/gujarat o BIBLIOGRAPHY o http://www.dbresearch.com/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_EN- PROD/PROD0000000000275381/Textile+and+clothing+industry%3A+Innovation+and+internati onalisation+as+success+factors.pdf o http://www.list-of-companies.org/Germany/Keywords/Textile/ o http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=textile%20industry%20of%20germoney&source=web &cd=8&cad=rja&ved=0CG8QFjAH&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com %2F2013-03-09%2Fahmedabad%2F37580758_1_protective-textiles-technical-textiles-textile- companies&ei=fL9jUZ_nOYiErQeTh4CYCg&usg=AFQjCNH9q2sFPi2hYTTYUvhd- 7Nm4bYkEA&bvm=bv.44990110,d.bmk o http://www2.china.ahk.de/download/pub/hk/hk_GCcomm200912_04germany.pdf o http://www.exim.lv/uploaded_files/catalogue_files/Textile%20&%20Clothing.pdf o http://www.setex.de/uploads/media/EddT_Englisch_Version.pdf o http://www.textil-mode.de/en o http://www.reportlinker.com/ci02115/Clothing-and-Textile.html o http://www.advantageaustria.org/international/zentral/business-guide-oesterreich/importieren-aus- oesterreich/branchen/mode-und-textilien/ueberblick.en.html o http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/3361.pdf o http://www.dnb.co.in/IndianTelecomIndustry/Textile%20overview.asp o http://www.dnb.co.in/SMEstextile/overview.asp o http://www.scribd.com/doc/49597368/BHILOSA-IND o http://www.dnb.co.in/smecoimbatore2010/IndustryOverview1.asp o http://ic.gujarat.gov.in/?page_id=2297 o http://www.dnb.co.in/smekolkata2009/IndustryOverview.asp o http://www.scribd.com/doc/44949505/Schemes-for-Assistance-to-Textile- o http://www.dnb.co.in/smekolkata2009/Textile%20overview.asp o http://www.dnb.co.in/smecoimbatore2010/IndustryOverview1.asp o http://www.dnb.co.in/SMEstextile/overview.asp

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 136 o http://ic.gujarat.gov.in/?page_id=253 o http://ic.gujarat.gov.in/?page_id=169 o http://msmeregistrationindia.wordpress.com/interest-subsidy/ o http://www.indiamart.com/joshiassociates/project-consultancy-services.html o http://www.scribd.com/doc/51400081/annual-report-textile-industry o http://www.slideshare.net/goutam1/42896677-textileindustry o http://www.dnb.co.in/SMEstextile/smes.asp o http://ic.gujarat.gov.in/?page_id=329 o http://www.indiantextilejournal.com/articles/FAdetails.asp?id=2680 o http://www.ic.gujarat.gov.in/?page_id=163 o http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/Key-features-of-Union- o http://www.hepcindia.com/latestpolicy.php o http://ic.gujarat.gov.in/?page_id=253 o http://ic.gujarat.gov.in/?page_id=329 o http://msmeregistrationindia.wordpress.com/interest-subsidy/ o http://www.scribd.com/doc/44949505/Schemes-for-Assistance-to-Textile- o http://ic.gujarat.gov.in/?page_id=176 o http://ic.gujarat.gov.in/?page_id=2297 o http://ic.gujarat.gov.in/?page_id=2320 o http://ic.gujarat.gov.in/?page_id=169 o http://ic.gujarat.gov.in/?page_id=311 o http://www.ic.gujarat.gov.in/?page_id=163 o http://www.financial-consultant.in/subsidy_loan o http://www.indiamart.com/joshiassociates/project-consultancy-services.html o http://www.scribd.com/doc/44949485/Scheme-for-Assistance-to-MSME-Gujarat o http://www.scribd.com/doc/51400081/annual-report-textile-industry o http://www.scribd.com/doc/69087904/Tufs-Booklet o http://www.global-innovation.net/publications/PDF/Tiwari_2012_Indo-German_Trade.pdf o http://business.mapsofindia.com/trade-relations/india-germany/indian-exports-to-germany.html o http://www.india.diplo.de/Vertretung/indien/en/10__Economy/bilateral/Economic__Relations.htm l o http://www.indexmundi.com/india/economy_profile.html o http://www.indexmundi.com/germany/economy_profile.html

o http://finishingschool.pbworks.com/f/VARDHMAN REPORT FINNNAAAL.doc http://planning.bih.nic.in/Documents/Plan 0809 -final.pdf

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 137

http://www.jdhr.org/publications/papers/PaperonVocationaleducation-Shafqat[1].pdf http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/PTC35_FinalReport.doc http://www.publicationsdivision.nic.in/others/India_2008.pdf http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/--- emp_ent/documents/publication/wcms_108413.pdf http://petrofed.winwinhosting.net/journal/Apr-June_09.pdf http://www.tridentindia.com/Pdf/InvestorsDesk_AnnualReport_202006-7.pdf http://www.rln-east.com/Documents/29/GermanBusinessCultureFieldReport.doc http://www.au-kbc.org/comm/Docs/thesis/ms/Thesis_Report_Vijayalashmi.doc o http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/bitstream/10419/19197/1/56.pdf o http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/26395/1/dp980056.pdf o http://publicationsdivision.nic.in/others/india_2007.pdf o http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/purl/1625/Time%2520lag%2520and%2520cost% 2520overrun%2520of%2520infrastructural%2520investments%2520with%2520special%2520refe rence%2520to%2520power%2520projects%2520in%2520kerala%252c%2520Chap- 5.PDF?sequence=5 o http://crypto.au-kbc.org/patterns/thesis/sujith-thesis.pdf o http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=lps_lsapr o http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=lps_lsapr o http://www.wider.unu.edu/stc/repec/pdfs/rp2008/rp2008-87.pdf o http://www.is.cs.cmu.edu/papers/multimodal/PUI01/PUI2001_jieyang.pdf o http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55687/2/kraghava_1.pdf o http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=lps_lsapr o http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4431/1/MPRA_paper_4431.pdf o http://research.ac.upc.edu/HPCseminar/SEM0405/Pact2004.Architectural_Support_for_Enhanced _SMT_Job_Scheduling.pdf o http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/dspace/bitstream/10625/27054/1/123836.pdf o http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1599&context=key_workplace o http://www.globalarkivet.se/1997/1/Right_to_adequate_food_in_india%2C_2008.pdf o https://ces.fas.harvard.edu/publications/docs/pdfs/Meunier.pdf o http://www.ima-mycology.org/doc/imc7_book_of_abstracts.pdf o http://dare.ubvu.vu.nl/bitstream/handle/1871/13313/9017.pdf;jsessionid=FD647F258FA8E617EF 4CE1131B196ADE?sequence=5 o http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/692/2/02Whole.pdf o http://acceda.ulpgc.es/bitstream/10553/1816/1/1108.pdf o http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22784/1/Labour_Cost_and_Export_Behaviour.pdf o http://edepot.wur.nl/21721

Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 138

o http://eprints.ru.ac.za/470/1/Hughes_Comparison_of_satellite_rainfall.pdf o http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/692/2/02Whole.pdf o http://www.is.cs.cmu.edu/papers/speech/ICASSP02/icassp02_yang.pdf o http://www.esocialsciences.com/data/articles/Document11882008110.2548944.pdf o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_Orbital_Debris_Program_Office o http://www.ece.rochester.edu/~mihuang/PAPERS/patmos05.pdf o http://crypto.au-kbc.org/patterns/thesis/sujith-thesis.pdf o http://www.is.cs.cmu.edu/papers/multimodal/PUI01/PUI2001_jieyang.pdf o http://www.ri.cmu.edu/pub_files/pub3/gao_jiang_2001_1/gao_jiang_2001_1.pdf o http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/4431/1/MPRA_paper_4431.pdf o http://crypto.au-kbc.org/patterns/thesis/sujith-thesis.pdf



Parul Institute of Management & Research, 792 139