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Stratigraphy, depositional environments, and origin of the Cabullona Basin, northeastern Sonora, Mexico. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors González-León, Carlos Manuel. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 00:29:58 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186846 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. 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Contact UMI directly to order. V·M·I University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106·1346 USA 313/761·4700 800/521·0600 Order Number 950697'9 Stratigraphy, depositional environments, and origin of the Cabullona Basin, northeastern Sonora, Mexico Gonzalez-Le6n, Carlos Manuel, Ph.D. The University of Arizona, 1994 V·M·I 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 STRATIGRAPHY, DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS, AND ORIGIN OF THE CABULLONA BASIN, NORTHEASTERN SONORA, MEXICO by Carlos Manuel Gonzalez-Leon A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Geosciences In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1994 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Carlos Manuel Gonzalez-Leon entitled STRATIGRAPHY, DEPOSI':I'IONAL ENVIRONMENTS, AND ORIGIN OF 'T.'HE CABULLONA BASIN, NORTHEASTERN SONORA, MEXICO and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of _D_o~c~t_o_r~o_f__ P_h_i_l_o_s_o~p_h~y ____________________ _ ~~. Date • Date Date Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. /JPL; (~e-r-t-a-t-i~o-n~D~i~r-e-c-t-o-r--------------------------- Date 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules ofthe Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotations from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head ofthe major depaItment or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interest of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. ~( SIGNED: _____-=-=+==_~~~-- ~ '=\ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted and grateful to my advisor, Judith Totman Parrish, for her guidance and continuous encouragment during my graduate studies, during research at the Cabullona Basin, and for careful review of this manuscript. I am grateful to Dr. Joseph F. Schreiber, Jr., for his advice during my stay at the Geosciences Department, for his support during petrographic study of the Cabullona Basin sandstones and for having introduced me to the geology of southeastern Arizona. Timothy F. Lawton and William R. Dickinson showed me outcrops of the Fort Crittenden Formation, and visited the Cabullona area with me, giving me useful suggestions for field work. Fernando Ortega Gutierrez, Tim P. Lawton, and Karl W. Flessa as members of the committee advised me during my gn!duate work and reviewed the dissertation. Fernando Ortega-Gutierrez and Jaime Roldan-Quintana were always very supportive of my studies. Spencer G. Lucas and Pete Reser accompanied me several times during field work, searching for fossils. Kind people of the Geosciences Department who were always very helpful include Mrs. Bo Baylor and Mr. Wes Bilodeau. I appreciate friendship of Elena Centeno, Manuel Palacios, Olivia Perez, and Miguel Miranda. Field support was provided by the Instituto de Geologia, National University of Mexico, The Geological Society of America Grant 4694-91, The British Petroleum Exploration GrantAid, and a grant from the Graduate College of the University of Arizona that covered pollen studies. My studies were made possible thanks to the CONSEJO NACIONAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA that granted me financial support during my graduate studies through complementary scholarship 49101. I express my gratitude to all my friends, specially (0 the late Roberto (Robin) Montano, at the ERNO, Instituto de Geologia, UNAM at Hermosillo for continuous encouragment and friendship. Much of the preparation of this manuscript and figures was made possible thanks to the expertise and unselfish support of Mrs. Adriana Alvarez. Conclusion of my studies has been made possible thanks to the effort of my wife Gaby and our two children Carlos and Eli. I dedicate this work to them, to my mother Maria Guadalupe Leon, and to the memory of my father, the late Xicotencatl Gonzalez, for all the years of effort. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........... ......... .... .... .... ................ ........ ..... ...... ..... ....... ....... ... .... 4 LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ 12 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Location............................................................................................. 16 Previous Works .................................................................................. 16 Geologic Relations .............................................................................. 20 Methods for this Study ......................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 2. CABULLONA BASIN Stratigraphy ....................................................................................... 26 Corral de Enmedio formation ......................................................... 29 Description ................................................................................ 29 Interpretation of Depositional Environment. ................................ 3 1 Camas Sandstone ........................................................................... 34 Description ................................................................................. 34 Interpretation of Depositional Environment. ................................ 44 Packard Shale ................................................................................. 44 Description and Interpretation of Depositional Environments ...... 44 EI Cemento conglomerate .............................................................. 66 Description ................................................................................. 66 Interpretation of Depositional Environ~ent. ............................... 68 Lomas Coloradas fonnation ............................................................ 71 Description ................................................................................. 71 Interpretation of Depositional Environment.. .............................. 75 Facies Relationships Within and Between Fonnations of the Cabullona Group .................................................................. 75 Sediment Dispersal Pathways .......................................................... 79 Sandstone Petrography and Provenance .......................................... 82 6 Fauna, Flora, Environments and Age ............................................... 90 Fauna and Flora ......................................................................... 91 Environments and Age ............................................................... 92 CHAPTER 3. SIERRA