BRASÍLIA PAPER
POLITICAL SCENARIOSApril 2006
Year XI – No. 117 - Brasília - Federal District ARKO ADVICE Political Analysis Arko Advice Ltda. — Political and Public Policies Analysis
IN THIS EDITION PROSPECTIVE INSIGHT April: resumption of articulation PMDB and the presidential 02 February was a month of articula- market as to the new Minister’s capa- both PT and PSDB are negotiating succession tion. March. one of decisions. The bility to defend a consistent agenda intensely. The PT continues to insist most unexpected of these was the of reforms in an eventual Lula second on having the PMDB on its ticket. It is firing of Antonio Palocci. We already mandate. also working on other critical issues Political 04 expected deterioration of the political Returning to decisions confirmed for Lula: What will the coalition’s Radar crisis. Allegations made after Carnival in March, the PSDB and PMDB chose scope be? Who will be the candidate involving Paulo Okamotto and Anto- Geraldo Alckmin and Anthony Garot- for the vice presidency? How will the International nio Palocci indicated new problems. inho as presidential candidates re- campaign team be composed? Agenda 05 What was surprising however was spectively. The PSDB went even In Geraldo Alckmin’s PSDB, the the way in which the Palocci episode further and chose José Serra to run issue is more advanced. evolved. for the São Paulo Government. Ap- The PFL should nominate a candi- Annexes 06 As far as CPIs are concerned, Rep. parently, wounds caused by the dis- date for Vice President and have Provisional Osmar Serraglio’s (PMDB/PR) final pute between them are curing and several names in the running: José Measures 06 report on the Mail Service CPMI without doubt, Serra’s presence in Agripino, José Jorge, José Thomaz caused a strong dispute between the São Paulo strengthens Alckmin in Nonô, Paulo Souto and Roseana Succession in Government and the Opposition. the presidential race. Sarney. None of these are very excit- the States 07 Nonetheless, nothing bombastic sur- In the PMDB, as expected the ing. The predominant trend is that faced besides the indictment of im- choice of Anthony Garotinho in the the candidate will be from the North- National portant PT figureheads and the con- party’s primaries did not unite the east where Lula must be defeated. Electorate 08 firmation of the existence of a slush party. Besides heated questioning by One definition seems clear: Alckmin fund. The Bingo CPI will continue to the pro-government faction, he does has decided to have a northeastern operate until mid-year and may be- not thrill Oppositionists, who have campaign coordinator to afford more come the main focal point of friction already prepared a formal invitation political weight to the region. Per- between the PT and PSDB. for Itamar Franco to enter the run- nambuco PSDB’s Sergio Guerra was Notwithstanding those stepping ning. Franco is prepared to accept chosen. down from office to run in the elec- the invitation should it be made at his Lula initiates April weaker than in tions, the ministerial reform did not home and with total Minas Gerais March. The loss of Antonio Palocci, as imply a profound change for the PMDB support. However, the fact well as circumstances surrounding his Government. The worst change, due that the majority of the party at state exit, loss of fiscal policy performance to the political crisis, was in the Min- level prefer agreements with the and the perception of Guido istry of Finance. Substitution of PSDB and PFL, complicates their own Mantega’s fragility accrue difficulties Antônio Palocci for Guido Mantega candidacy. Political negotiations in- for Lula’s campaign. Nonetheless, it is generates doubts within the financial crease in April. At the electoral level, still early to write him off. Political Assessment of the Government (March)
MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE: Antonio Palocci’s (Finance) and Joaquim Levy’s (National Treas- Atmosphere ury) exit, criticism of economic policy by presidential aide Marco Aurélio Garcia and new criticism Everything indicates that the political directed at economic policy were signs of lack of unity and managerial fragility. temperature in April will remain high in light of a few variables. Considering the deadline POLITICAL PERFORMANCE : Allegations made against Minister Antonio Palocci have rendered to leave office in order to run (March 31), the Government incapable of mobilizing its base in Congress targeting the resumption of impor- negotiations targeting Octobers elections tant votes. step up a notch. Several ousting procedures ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE : An increase in industrial production was recorded in January. should be voted in the House of Representa- tives. Voting on the Union Budget may finally Sales also increased. be concluded in Congress. Allegations involv- TRADE PERFORMANCE : March closed with a primary surplus of US$ 3.681 billion, an increase ing former Finance Minister Antonio Palocci of 30.48% in comparison to the previous month and 10.11% in relation to March last year. The will also continue to have repercussions. His accumulated amount for the year is US$ 9.346 billion. ☺ exit has weakened the Government bearing in mind that Justice Thomaz Bastos may also FISCAL PERFORMANCE : Public sector economy for the first two months of the year was R$ be investigated regarding the removal of 7.79 billion compared to R$ 15.41 billion for the same period in 2005. banking confidentiality from housekeeper SOCIAL PERFORMANCE : Formal employment achieved a historic level in February. MST land Francenildo Santos Costa. Another pertinent issue is the dispute between factions of the invasions also increased throughout the country. PMDB regarding the party having its own REFORMIST PERFORMANCE : Nothing important was approved in Congress. The Union Budget presidential candidate. was not voted. April 2006
PMDB AND THE PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION Within the current political-electoral scenario, the PMDB’s political Paraíba, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia, Ro- alliance strategy at State level constitutes an immense and almost un- raima, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Tocantins. surmountable barrier for the party to have its own candidate for the Presidency of the Republic. The expectation is to elect between 8 and 11 Governors and from 100 to 115 federal representatives. However, to have its own candidate However, this has not impeded the PT and PSDB from trying to offi- or a coalition at the federal level could make alliance negotiations be- ciallize a national alliance with the PMDB. Furthermore, factions of the tween States unfeasible and consequently compromise the PMDB’s party are attempting to place other names in substitution of Anthony electoral performance expectations. Garotinho. Orestes Quércia is talking about former President Itamar Franco. These are clear signs that Garotinho still has serious hurdles Despite the PMDB being part of the Government’s base in Congress, ahead. its preferential ally in the majority of the States is the PSDB. There is a possibility of a coalition with the PSDB in the following States: Acre, Lula has a lot to offer the PMDB, especially space within the admini- Alagoas, Bahia, Federal District , Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, stration and funds. The PSDB may offer the vice presidency on its ticket Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio Grande do Norte and Santa Catarina. – the PFL would accept to decline from the position as long as it is not awarded Anthony Garotinho – and make a few State concessions. With the PT, there is a possibility of an alliance in 9 States: Ama- zonas, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Paraíba, Piauí, Roraima, Rondônia, Ro- raima, Sergipe and Tocantins.
PMDB: divided between the PT and PSDB at State level In São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina, where the PMDB is strong- est, the trend is an alliance with the PSDB. Even if the possibility of a The PMDB has shown itself to be competitive in at least 14 States of coalition with the PT at the federal level is put to the vote in these the Federation: Acre, Amapá, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, States, there is a chance that the alliance with the PSDB theory will win.
Other situations Alliance with the PSDB: AC/ or undefined: AL/ BA/ DF/ MG/ MS/ PE/ AP/ CE/ MA /MT PR/ RN/ SC/ SP PA/ RJ/ RS
Alliance with the PT: AM/ ES/ GO/ PB/ PI, RO, RR, SE, TO
Thus, within the current scenario, most likely is that the PMDB will Alckmin’s consistent growth in the polls, which could culminate in the not launch its own candidate or will enter a coalition at the federal level. formation of a triple alliance – PSDB-PMDB-PFL; (c) consistent growth The choice of an electoral partner in each State will define which presi- of Anthony Garotinho, which could strengthen his candidature within dential candidate will have the party’s support in the State. the party; (d) the surfacing of a group within the PMDB capable of en- couraging and uniting the party. Some vectors may change this scenario; (a) consistent improvement in the assessment of Government, accompanied by Lula’s strong recu- The following diagram is an objective x-ray of the PMDB’s situation in peration in the polls could pull the PMDB closer to the PT; (b) Geraldo the 27 States:
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X-RAY OF PMDB’S SITUATION IN ALL 27 STATES
Rep. Eunício Oliveira No candidate No candidate for intends to run for a seat for State State Govern- in the Senate with PT or The Government ment but would PSDB support. but is willing support Senator PMDB to make an Roseana Sarney would support alliance with (PFL). Rep. Eunício Oliveira Rep. Jader Barbalho should be the party’s candi- the PT. date for the Senate. He seeks support from the the PSDB. intends to run for a PT or PSDB. seat in the Senate with PT or PSDB support. Senator Romero Jucá should run for State Government with PT support. Will run for State Gov- ernment with José Governor Eduardo Braga will run for Maranhão reelection with PT support. and PT support.
The party intends launch Al- berto Silva’s candidature for The party will support State Government with PSDB José Mendonça (current support. The party believes he vice-Governor) for State can win. Government. The vice Governor will be Sen. Sérgio Guerra (PSDB). Jarbas Vasconcellos will run for the Senate. Senator Amir Lando will run for State Government with PT support.
Does not have a candidate Governor Marcelo Miranda will run for for State Government, reelection with PT support. but desires a coalition with the PSDB. Senator Maguito Vilela Tetê Bezerra may be intends run for State candidate for State Gov- Government with PT ernment. However, the support. The PMDB should support party may support Blairo Mayor Marcelo Deda, PT Maggi’s (PPS) reelection. candidate for State Govern- ment.
The party intends launch André Puccineli for State The party shows a Government with PSDB preference for the support. PSDB in an alliance to run for State Govern- The PMDB is divided between supporting ment. The agreement the PSDB and the PT. Quércia intends to includes Rep. Geddel run for the Senate. The trend is for a Vieira’s candidature for coalition with the PSDB. the Senate. Governor Joaquim Roriz will attempt to form an Governor Roberto Requião will try for alliance that includes the Governor Paulo Hartung reelection with PSDB support. In ex- PSDB to support a PFL will run for reelection with change, he will support Álvaro Dias’ candidate for the Govern- PT support. election for the Senate. ment of the Federal Dis- trict. The Governor will run for the Senate with firm support from the PFL. Governor Luiz Henrique will run for reelec- Will run for State Government with tion with PSDB and PFL support. Sérgio Cabral and possible PSDB sup- port.
The party supports the reelection of There is no agreement with the PSDB or Governor Aécio Neves (PSDB). the PT, who will launch their own candi- dates for Governor. Germano Rigotto should run for a reelection with PT and PDT support.
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JUNE 2006 APRIL 2006 • PL national program on radio and TV network • The new minimum wage, currently at R$ totaling 20 minutes (June 1). 350.00, takes effect (April 1). • Beginning of the World Cup — soccer (June 9). Datafolha and Sensus release new presiden- • • PTB national program on radio and TV network tial succession polls (April 6) totaling 20 minutes (June 8). PDT national program on radio and TV net- • • Party conventions (June 10 to 30) to decide on work totaling 20 minutes (April 6). candidatures and coalitions. The Government will submit the Budget • • PSDB national program on radio and TV network Guidelines Law (LDO) to National Congress. totaling 20 minutes (June 22). Congress concludes voting on the 2006 Union • • Deadline for the Bingo CPI (June 15) Budget and the PPA (Multi Annual Investment Plan). • PPS national program on radio and TV network totaling 20 minutes (June 29). • The House will vote on a provisional measure that adjusts the income tax table for individuals • National Congress may conclude voting on the and the provisional measure that provides in- LDO. come tax exemption for foreign investors. • Meeting of the Central Bank Monetary Policy JULY 2006 Committee to decide the basic interest rate. (April 18 and 19) • Beginning of electoral propaganda (July 6). • Meeting between Anthony Garotinho and • National Congress recess is scheduled (depending PMDB pre-candidates for State Governments to on the approval of the Budget Guidelines Law). discuss alliances. • Meeting of the Central Bank Monetary Policy Com- • National encounter of the PT in São Paulo. mittee to decide the basic interest rate. (July 18 • Ribeirão Preto police investigator may indict and 19). former Finance Minister Antonio Palocci.
MAY 2006 AUGUST 2006 • Lula may announce his decision to run for reelection. • Beginning of free electoral propaganda on radio and TV network (August 15). • Voting on the minimum wage MP in the House and Senate. • Meeting of the Central Bank Monetary Policy • PP national program on radio and TV network totaling 20 Committee to decide the basic interest rate. minutes (May 4). (August 29 and 30) • PMDB national program on radio and TV network totaling • Deadline for the Government to submit the 2007
POLITICAL RADAR 20 minutes (May 11). Budget proposition to Congress (August 31) • PT national program on radio and TV network totaling 20 minutes (May 25).
Several important the monthly payoff was Governments on April 19 to dis- STRATEGIC ISSUES events are foreseen for maintained in the final cuss the 2006 elections. Having its the next few weeks. A few approved text. President own candidature would make FOR APRIL ousting procedures are Lula was not compromised State alliances unfeasible and expected to be voted in and several PT figure could compromise PMDB perform- the House of Representatives, heads were indicted. ance at State level. amongst which are those of PT Nelson Jobim stepped down as Another April highlight is the Representatives José Mentor (SP) 2006 Union Budget and Josiás Gomes (BA). Important Chief Justice of the Supreme Fed- Central Bank’s Monetary Policy Bills may also be analyzed, such eral Court. Jobim intends to run Committee (Copom) meeting to Voting as the General Law for Micro and through the PMDB for some elec- decide the basic interest rate Small Companies and the provi- tive mandate in October’s elec- (Selic). It will be the Committee's Submission of the LDO sional measure that adjusts the tions. Justice Ellen Gracie has first meeting following the nomi- to Congress income tax table for individuals, temporarily taken over as Chief nation of Guido Mantega for the amongst others. In Congress it is Justice and will become perma- Ministry of Finance. Mantega is nent as of April 27, the official one of the critics of monetary Publication of electoral hoped that voting will finally be polls (Datafolha and concluded on the 2006 Union date of her taking of office policy practiced by the Central General Budget. (2006/08 two year period). Bank. CNT-Sensus) Shortly, Lula will nominate the On April 5, following its most sixth Justice for the STF. Since he According to the Constitution, the Government should submit Meeting of the PMDB heated session, the Mail Service took on the presidency, Lula has with pre-candidates for CPMI approved reporting repre- nominated Cezar Peluso, Carlos the Budget Guidelines Law (LDO) sentative Rep. Osmar Serraglio’s Brito, Joaquim Barbosa, Eros Grau this month to Congress. This is State Governments (PMDB/SP) final report by 17 and Enrique Lewandowski. the outline of the 2007 Union votes to 4. The conclusion of the Budget. Congress can only recess Interview of the new undertakings was perceived as a PMDB pre-candidate for the in July following approval of the Central Bank directors presidential succession, Anthony LDO. defeat for the Government and a in the Senate victory for Congress. As a result, Garotinho, will meet with his party’s pre-candidates for State
Page 4 April 2006
INTERNATIONAL AGENDA
International Agenda for April – With an eye on the WTO MAIN EVENTS IN APRIL: Plants - UPOV, in Geneva, Switzer- land. 03 - Visit by Honduras President José The crucial moment for the Brazilian foreign policy agenda in April Manuel Zelaya Rosales. He will par- 07 - Meeting of the International ticipate in the 47th Annual Assembly Union for the Protection of New should be the last day of the month. April 30 is the deadline for Variety of Plants Committee - UPOV, countries to form a “joint movement” in the WTO, with each one of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank—IDB. in Geneva, Switzerland. presenting a definitive proposition for free-trade at the Doha Round 07 - Preparatory Seminar for the 31st level. The idea is that, by the end of the month the limits and po- 03 - Preparatory Seminar for the 31st Meeting of the United Nations Inter Meeting of the United Nations Inter tential of the Round will be objectively known, as well as whether it Agency Procurement Workgroup Agency Procurement Workgroup will be possible to finalize it by the end of the year. Everything will (IAPWG), in Fortaleza, CE. (IAPWG), in Aracaju, SE. depend on what happens over the next three weeks. 03 to 05 - 47th Annual Assembly of 07 - Lecture by Professor Luiz Alberto To the present moment, the prevailing trend is the distancing of Governors of the Inter-American Moniz Bandeira at the Rio Branco positions between the main players in fundamental industries – Development Bank - IDB, in Belo Institute, Brasília, DF. agriculture, industrial goods and services. This stagnation has yet Horizonte, MG. 10 - Chilean President Michelle Bach- again seemed to confirm itself following a meeting last weekend in 03 to 05 - Meeting of the Technical elet’s State visit to Brazil. Rio de Janeiro between Minister Celso Amorim (Brazil), Peter Man- Committee of the International 10 to 12 - Informal ses- delson (European Union) and Robert Portman (USA). Union for the Protection of sion of the World Intellectual New Variety of Plants - UPOV, At the moment, hope for positive unfoldings resides in the influ- Property Organization Perma- in Geneva, Switzerland. nent Committee - WIPO, in ence that advances with secondary issues may have on the general Geneva, Switzerland. agreement. 03 to 13 - XLIII Session of the Legal Subcommittee of the UN 12 - Conference of French Technical agriculture negotiations will be resumed this week in Committee on the Peaceful Ambassador Jean de Gliniasty Geneva and should concentrate on the simulation of potential gain Uses of Outer Space - at the Rio Branco Institute, in calculation propositions targeting the approximation of positions in COPUOS, Vienna, Austria. Brasília, DF. less sensitive areas, besides discussing treatment afforded sensitive 04 to 05 - Azerbaijan Minister of 17 and 18 - Mercosul-Venezuela - Ad products. Foreign Business Elmar Mammad- Hoc Group meeting in Buenos Aires, Also in Rio de Janeiro, after letting his skepticism transpire as to yarov visits Brazil. Argentina. whether negotiators will be capable of acceptably closing the three 04 to 06 - International Machinery, 17 and 20 - Mercosul-CAN (ACE 59) - chapters of negotiation by the end of the month, Minister Celso Raw Materials and Clothing Products Founding Regime meeting, in Buenos Amorim attempted to valorize the undertakings to be initiated Ge- Fair - FIMAPEV 2006, in Divinópolis, Aires, Argentina. MG. neva this week by stating that "Even without reaching an agree- 18 - Preparatory Seminar for the 31st ment on central issues, we can advance with secondary issues and 04 to 08 - 14th International Con- Meeting of the United Nations Inter thereby influence more prickly discussions". In a tone of modera- struction Industry Fair - FEICON, in Agency Procurement Workgroup São Paulo, SP. tion, European Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson tried to inject (IAPWG), in Goiânia, GO. some optimism into the idea that even though the definition of the 05 - International Seminar on the 20 - Preparatory Seminar for the 31st Haia System for International Regis- agreement was not yet clear, countries are not working with a Meeting of the United Nations Inter tration of Industrial Designs at the Agency Procurement Workgroup “blank canvass”. US Trade Representative Robert Portman proffered World Intellectual Property Organiza- (IAPWG), in Manaus, AM. the most optimistic declaration. According to him, "We are close to tion - WIPO, in Geneva, Switzerland. a solution". Will the three remaining weeks until the end of April be 24 to 28 - 5th International Packag- 05 - Preparatory Seminar for the 31st ing Fair - Brasilpack, in São Paulo, sufficient to transform Portman’s recorded optimism into a sustain- Meeting of the United Nations Inter SP. able base for the conclusion of the Doha Round in 2006; a fact that Agency Procurement Workgroup 24 to 28 - IX Session of the Intergov- currently does not seem very likely. (IAPWG), in Natal, RN. ernmental Committee for Intellectual 05 to 07 - Meeting of the Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Other events during the month Property Committee of Labor Sub- Traditional Knowledge and Folklore group No. 7 Mercosul of the World Intellectual Property April’s international agenda starts with the annual meeting of the "Industry" (SGT 7), in Buenos Aires, Organization - WIPO, in Geneva, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) in Belo Horizonte, from Argentina. Switzerland. April 3 to 5. the highlight will be discussions surrounding PPPs 06 - Meeting of the Administrative 25 and 26 - I Mercosul-Panama (public-private partnerships) financing. Committee of the International Union Technical Meeting, in Buenos Aires, Concurrently with the IDB meeting, visits by presidents Evo for the Protection of New Variety of Argentina. Plants - UPOV, in Geneva, Switzer- Morales of Bolivia and José Manuel Zelaya of Honduras, should be 25 and 26 - Argentinean Multi-sector land. an opportunity to discuss the Bolivian gas issue (involving both the Mission to the Northeast, in Salvador, price levied upon Brazil for Bolivian gas imports and Petrobras’ 06 and 07 - International Seminar on BA. the Madri System for International situation in Bolivia), as well as cooperation in the fuel alcohol indus- 26 to 28 - XXXI Meeting of Work Registration of Brand Names at the try to be rendered by Brazil for Central American and Caribbean Subgroup No. 5 - Transport, in Bue- World Intellectual Property Organiza- nos Aires, Argentina. countries. tion - WIPO, in Geneva, Switzerland. 27 and 28 - Argentinean Multi-sector Also in April, bio-fuels will be the theme of an international semi- 07 - First round of informal consulta- Mission to the Northeast, in Recife, nar in the House of Representatives on April 11, and Porto Alegre tions for a mechanism for greater PE. will host the 7th International Free Software Forum from April 19 to involvement of countries members of 22. Finally, the month will be highlighted by the first State visit by the budget program of the World 27 and 28 - Mercosul-Dominican Chilean President Michele Bachellet to Brazil. Intellectual Property Organization - Republic Technical Meeting in Buenos WIPO, in Geneva, Switzerland. Aires, Argentina.