Teachers' Perspectives About Diversity in Islamic Schools Kadriye El-Atwani Purdue University
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Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Dissertations Theses and Dissertations January 2015 Cultivating Multicultural Education in Islamic Schools in the U.S: Teachers' Perspectives about Diversity in Islamic Schools Kadriye El-Atwani Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations Recommended Citation El-Atwani, Kadriye, "Cultivating Multicultural Education in Islamic Schools in the U.S: Teachers' Perspectives about Diversity in Islamic Schools" (2015). Open Access Dissertations. 1453. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_dissertations/1453 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Graduate School Form 30 Updated 1/15/2015 PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Kadriye El-Atwani Entitled Cultivating Multicultural Education in Islamic Schools in the U.S.: Teachers' Perspectives about Diversity in Islamic Schools For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Is approved by the final examining committee: JoAnn Phillion Chair Anatoli Rapoport Ayse Ciftci Suniti Sharma To the best of my knowledge and as understood by the student in the Thesis/Dissertation Agreement, Publication Delay, and Certification Disclaimer (Graduate School Form 32), this thesis/dissertation adheres to the provisions of Purdue University’s “Policy of Integrity in Research” and the use of copyright material. Approved by Major Professor(s): JoAnn Phillion Approved by: Phillip VanFossen 5/1/2015 Head of the Departmental Graduate Program Date i CULTIVATING MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN ISLAMIC SCHOOLS IN THE U.S.: TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES ABOUT DIVERSITY IN ISLAMIC SCHOOLS A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Kadriye El-Atwani In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2015 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS At the end of any journey, you must thank those who helped you to make your dreams come true. First and most importantly, I must thank all six Islamic school teachers who participated in my research for spending their precious time to discuss their experiences and knowledge. Without their valuable input, this study would never have been possible. It is hard to reveal how much I am indebted to my academic adviser Professor JoAnn Phillion. With her friendly character, stimulating ideas, encouragement, excellent personal guidance, good company and extreme support, I could finish my PhD degree with a successful dissertation and also have several first author publications. I also would like to thank my committee members, Dr. Anatoli Rapoport, Dr. Ayse Ciftci, and Dr. Suniti Sharma, whose corrections and comments enabled the completion of this study. I am also deeply thankful to my editor Ms. Amelia Chesley. She is an excellent editor who spent a considerable amount of time to edit my chapters. I appreciate all that she has done for me during the past five months. I would like to express my thankfulness to the staff members of the Department of Curriculum and Instruction in the College of Education at Purdue University. I would like to express my warm thankfulness and warm feelings to my family. I thank my sisters for their valuable and great support, and I want to acknowledge and thank my father and mother for teaching me morals, values, and love of learning and guiding my life continuously with their love. iii Many lovely thanks to my husband, Dr. Osman El-Atwani. I would never have completed this dissertation without his encouragement. Last but not least, I wish to thank my little angels, Ruwaida and Kenan, for being the sunshine and source of power for my life. I hope that one day they will benefit from this research and from whatever I try to teach them. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ ix LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................x ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................1 1.1. The Personal Story Behind My Research ................................................................1 1.2. The Need for Investigating Multicultural Education Context in Islamic Schools in the U.S. ...............................................................................................................6 1.3. Dissertation Outline ................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ............................................................12 2.1. Muslims in the U.S. ....................................................................................................14 2.1.1. Indigenous Muslims in the U.S. and Nation of Islam ..................................15 2.1.2. Immigrant Muslims in the U.S.....................................................................18 2.2. Diversity among Muslims in the U.S. .........................................................................21 2.2.1. Race..............................................................................................................22 2.2.2. Class .............................................................................................................24 2.2.3. Nationality....................................................................................................25 v Page 2.2.4 Gender ...........................................................................................................26 2.2.5. Language ......................................................................................................28 2.3. The Education of Muslims in the U.S. ........................................................................30 2.3.1. American Muslim identity construction ......................................................30 2.3.2. Muslim students in public schools. ..............................................................32 2.4. Islamic Education in the U.S. .....................................................................................34 2.4.1. Perspectives of Islamic Education ...............................................................36 2.5. Islamic Schools in the U.S .........................................................................................43 2.5.1. Educational Issues in Islamic Schools in North America ............................45 2.6. Multicultural Religious Education ..............................................................................48 2.7. Teacher Education and Islamic Schools .....................................................................51 2.8. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................53 CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................57 3.1. Research Design..........................................................................................................57 3.1.1.Research Paradigm........................................................................................57 3.1.2. The Transformation Approach in Multicultural Education .........................58 3.1.3. Rationale ......................................................................................................60 3.1.4. Research Questions ......................................................................................62 3.2. The Case Study as a Research Method. ......................................................................63 3.2.1. Selection of Research Sites and Participants ...............................................67 vi Page 3.2.2. Data Collection Methods .............................................................................70 3.2.3. Data Analysis ...............................................................................................75 3.3. The Role of the Researcher. ........................................................................................78 3.3.1. Ethical Considerations .................................................................................79 3.3.2. Validation. ....................................................................................................80 3.3.3. Educational Implications .............................................................................81 CHAPTER 4. PORTRAITS OF SIX ISLAMIC SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE U.S. ...84 4.1. Rania ...........................................................................................................................85 4.2. Sonia ...........................................................................................................................90 4.3. Amira ..........................................................................................................................96 4.4. Salma.........................................................................................................................101 4.5. Zainab .......................................................................................................................106 4.6. Amal ..........................................................................................................................110