7 Clash of Cultures: the Interface Between Islam
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THE ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION Qadar Bakhsh Baloch
Qadar Bakhsh Baloch The Dialogue THE ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION Qadar Bakhsh Baloch “Thus we have appointed you a mid-most nation, that you may be witnesses upon mankind.” (Quran, 11:43) ISLAM WAS DESTINED to be a world religion and a civilisation, stretched from one end of the globe to the other. The early Muslim caliphates (empires), first the Arabs, then the Persians and later the Turks set about to create classical Islamic civilisation. In the 13th century, both Africa and India became great centres of Islamic civilisation. Soon after, Muslim kingdoms were established in the Malay-Indonesian world, while Muslims flourished equally in China. Islamic civilisation is committed to two basic principles: oneness of God and oneness of humanity. Islam does not allow any racial, linguistic or ethnic discrimination; it stands for universal humanism. Besides Islam have some peculiar features that distinguish it form other cotemporary civilisations. SALIENT FEATURES OF ISLAMIC CIVILISATION MAIN CHARACTERISTICS that distinguish Islamic civilisation from other civilisations and give it a unique position can be discerned as: • It is based on the Islamic faith. It is monotheistic, based on the belief in the oneness of the Almighty Allah, the Creator of this universe. It is characterised by submission to the will God and service to humankind. It is a socio-moral and metaphysical view of the world, which has indeed contributed immensely to the rise and richness of this civilisation. The author is a Ph. D. Research Scholar, Department of International Relations, University of Peshawar, N.W.F.P. Pakistan, the Additional Registrar of Qurtuba University and Editor of The Dialogue. -
Acculturation of Chinese and Islamic Culture at the Interior of the Ronghe Mosque
6th Bandung Creative Movement International Conference in Creative Industries 2019 (6th BCM 2019) Acculturation of Chinese and Islamic Culture at the Interior of the Ronghe Mosque Aida Andrianawati1, Neng Lina Lestari2 1Interior Design Study Program, Creative Industry Faculty, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia 2Interior Design Study Program, Creative Industry Faculty, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia [email protected] (Aida Andrianawati), [email protected] (Neng Lina Lestari) Abstract The architectural form of the Ronghe mosque is an architectural work with cultural tolerance related to building function change and cultural fusion. The combination of culture is manifested in the form of the mosque’s interior with various elements and ornaments. The visual form of the mosque’s interior represents the function of the building inside. In addition to its practical functions, the visuals mosque buildings provide visual meaning from the result of new formations because they get the influence of Chinese culture the characterizes the mosque so that it becomes a building of places of worship that have own character without reducing the values of Islamic law. Acculturation or cultural fusion in its applica- tion to the interior of mosque has a new form and some are only a combined form. In the discussion of this paper apply the case study approach as part of a qualitative framework, which will be discussed descriptively analytically. This method focuses on periodic observations of the object under study by looking for traces as suggested by Gehl (2013, p.24). Keywords Acculturation, Chinese Culture, Islamic Culture and Ronghe Mosque. means "blending". Ronghe Mosque This study focuses on 1. -
Islamic Civilization: Factors Behind Its Glory and Decline
International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, Vol. 9, Issue 5 (Apr.) ISSN 2289-1552 2016 ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION: FACTORS BEHIND ITS GLORY AND DECLINE Tijani Ahmad Ashimi Assistant Professor, Dr., Department of General Studies, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). E-mail:[email protected] ABSTRACT Civilization is widespread of quality civic idea, supported by full development of arts, maintained with enthusiasm to pursuit the knowledge in which many ethnicities and religions may participate. It begins from the time of the settlement of the first man on this earth. Almost every nation has contributed to the history of civilization, although the contribution may vary from one nation to another. What may distinguish one civilization from one another is the strength of the foundation on which these civilizations have been founded and the impact these civilizations have made to humanity as a whole. Based on this fact, Islamic Civilization which may be synonymous to tawhidic civilization is based on a unity of God which stands completely against any racial or ethnic discrimination. Such major racial and ethnic groups as the Arabs, Persians, Turks, Africans, Indians, Chinese and Malays in addition to numerous smaller units embraced Islam and contributed to the building of Islamic civilization. Moreover, Islam was not opposed to learning from the earlier civilizations and incorporating their science, learning, and culture into its own world view, as long as they did not oppose the principles of Islam. Indeed, historically speaking, during the period when Western civilization was experiencing the dark ages, between 700-1200 A.D, Islamic empire stretched from Central Asia to southern Europe. -
Islam and Civilization
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Portal Jurnal Online Kopertais Wilyah IV (EKIV) - Cluster MADURA Jurnal Al-Insyiroh: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Vol. 5, No. 1, Maret 2019 ISLAM AND CIVILIZATION (ANALYSIS STUDY ON THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION IN ISLAM) Muhammad Hifdil Islam Lecturer of Institut Ilmu Keislaman Zainul Hasan Genggong Email: [email protected] Abstract The history of Islamic civilization is one of the most important fields of study of Islamic studies. Islamic history is events or events that really happened in the past that are entirely related to the religion of Islam. Islam is too broad in scope, so Islamic history has become a broad scope. Among them are related to the history of the process of growth, development, and the spread of Islam, figures who develop and spread Islam, the history of progress and setbacks achieved by Muslims in various fields, such as in the fields of religious and general science, culture, architecture politics, government, war, education, economy, and so on. The History of Islamic Civilization is a product description of the activities of the life of the Islamic ummah in the past that originated in Islamic values. This article will explores the history of civilization in Islam and How the civilization of Islam is developed. Keywords: Islam, Civilization, History A. Introduction The history of Islamic civilization is one of the fields of study of Islamic studies which attracts the attention of researchers from both Muslims and non- Muslims. By studying Islamic history, we make it possible to know the times or epochs of Islamic glory, allowing us to be proud and confident as Muslims and take I’tibar. -
Acculturation of Local Culture and Islamic Culture
Acculturation Of Local Culture And Islamic Culture: Traditional Marriage Law Of Nagari Ulakan Padang Pariaman ACCULTURATION OF LOCAL CULTURE AND ISLAMIC CULTURE: TRADITIONAL MARRIAGE LAW OF NAGARI ULAKAN PADANG PARIAMAN Moh Shohib1, Bustomi2, Ernawati3, Erwan Baharudin4 1,2Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Painan 3Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Esa Unggul 4Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Esa Unggul 1,2Jalan Banjarsari, Cipocok Jaya, Kota Serang, Banten 3,4Jalan Arjuna Utara Nomor 9, Kebon Jeruk, Jakarta Barat - 11510 [email protected] Abstrak Kedatangan Islam di suatu tempat mengakibatkan adanya tajdid (pembaharuan) pada masyarakat menuju ke arah yang lebih baik selain itu juga dapat ikut melestarikan apa saja yang baik dan benar dari masa lampau itu dan bisa dipertahankan dalam ajaran universal Islam yang disebut ‘Urf. Termasuk pada perkawinan dengan berbagai prosesi di dalamnya mengandung ‘urf yang kemudian masyarakat setempat menjadikannya sebagai budaya lokal. Hal inilah yang menimbulkan timbal balik antara Islam dan budaya lokal karena adanya pengaruh yang saling mempengaruhi (akulturasi). Di Nagari Ulakan Padang Pariaman, ditemukannya Akulturasi budaya lokal dalam perkawinan terhadap ajaran Islam karena perpaduan antara budaya lokal dengan budaya yang berkembang sekarang yang di dalamnya mengandung nilai-nila agama. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui berbagai aspek budaya lokal Padang Pariaman di Nagari Ulakan khususnya mengenai perkawinan yang berasimilasi dengan pranata keagamaan. Dengan demikian, masalah pokok yang dijadikan objek penelitian di sini adalah bagaimana eksistensi hukum keluargaan Islam dalam kaitannya dengan budaya lokal mengenai adat perkawinan masyarakat di Nagari Ulakan Padang Pariaman. Kata Kunci: Akulturasi Islam dan Budaya, Adat Perkawinan, Padang Pariaman Abstract The arrival of Islam in a place resulted in a tajdid (renewal) in the community towards a better direction besides it can also participate in preserving what is good and right from the past and can be maintained in the universal teachings of Islam called ‘Urf. -
Orientalism and Orientalists Between Extremism and Exaggeration (*)
American International Journal of Social Science Vol. 6, No. 3, September 2017 Orientalism and Orientalists between Extremism and Exaggeration (*) Dr. Ahmed Gumma Siddiek Former Head/Dept of English Azhari University-Sudan Shaqra University KSA Abstract This article discusses one of the most important issues that formed the cultural, political and social discourse between the West and the East. Orientalism was a hot issue that began some centuries ago and still going on. The Oreintalists were the spearhead in the Western political and cultural invasion in the East. The Muslim World has been a subject to investigations and experiments carried out by the Oreintalists, who were supposed to use survey approaches assumed to be objective and scientific to study the cultural resources of the Islamic Values. These resources were the Quran as the primary authenticated source of Islamic Knowledge and Islamic Teachings. In addition to the Sunna of the Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) as the second source. But most of the Orientalists’ purposes and objectives were to disgrace these Islamic values by attacking the Quran and raising doubts about the prophet to destroy the Muslim personality. Great efforts were exerted to wash the brain of the Muslim individual, to pave for cultural occupation that would pave the way for military invasion of Muslims home lands, to serve the Western interests. This paper is shedding light on the historical controversial issue of Orientalists role in the Arabic Islamic World from the viewpoints of both the Western and Eastern scholars. The author claims to see a glimpse of hope to establish a new relation between the West and the East, based on the idea of sharing common human interests at one hand, and on the other hand, the West must be reminded of indebtedness to the East as the original source of all values and wisdom on which the Western modern civilization had been built. -
Values in Islamic Culture and the Experience of History
Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Life Series IVA, Central and Eastern Europe, Volume 13 Series IIA, Islam, Volume 9 Values in Islamic Culture and the Experience of History Russian Philosophical Studies, I Edited by Nur Kirabaev Yuriy Pochta The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Copyright © 2002 by The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Gibbons Hall B-20 620 Michigan Avenue, NE Washington, D.C. 20064 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Values in Islamic culture and the experience of history / edited by Nur Kirabaev, Yuriy Pochta. p.cm. – (Cultural heritage and contemporary change. Series IIA Islam; vol. 9) (Cultural heritage and contemporary change. Series IVA, Eastern and Central Europe; vol. 13) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Civilization, Islamic. 2. Religion and culture. I. Kirabae, N.S. II. Pochta, Y.M. (Yurii Mikhailovich). III. Series. IV. Series: Cultural heritage and contemporary change. Series IAV, Eastern and Central Europe; vol. 13. DS36.85.V35 1999 99-38193 909’.0999997671—dc21 CIP ISBN 1-56518-133-6 (pbk.) Table of Contents Preface vii by George F. McLean Introduction 1 by Nur Kirabaev Part I. Islamic Culture in the contemporary world: problems of research Chapter 1. The Image of Islamic Culture in European Consciousness 11 by Yuriy Pochta Chapter 2. Islamic Civilization and the West: Problems of Dialogue 41 by Nur Kirabaev Chapter 3. Islamic Civilization: An Empire of Culture 49 by Maitham Al-Janabi Part II. Islamic Culture: Its Nature, Major Concepts and Problems Chapter 4. Social and Historical Premises of the Origin and Development 79 of Classical Arab-Islamic Culture by Artur Sagadeyev Chapter 5. -
A STUDY on the ACCULTURATION of ISLAM and LOCAL CULTURE Bungamale As a Local Culture of South Sulawesi
A STUDY ON THE ACCULTURATION OF ISLAM AND LOCAL CULTURE Bungamale as a Local Culture of South Sulawesi Muhazzab Said Department of Islamic Missionary Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Email; mailbox@stain_palopo.ac.id Abstract God created the nature in a variety of styles and shapes. Moreover, Gor created man with a diversity of ethnics, cultures, religions, and even the so-called multiculture. Islam does not percieve plurality as a sort of split potentially leading to disaster that might bring down the foundations of unity in human life. In fact, plurality makes huiman life dynamic and not stagnant, as it brings about competitions between each party in order to perform the best. Islam in Indonesia is considered more tolerant upon culture, as indicated by its accommodating attitude towards the local culture. This attitude reflects the willingness of Indonesia Muslims to absorb the local culture and to adjuct it to the teachings of Islam. Culture is seen as an inherent part of society’s life, hence it is not possible for a doctrine that brings a breath of rahmatan li al-`âlamìn (a blessing to the universe) to suppress something that has become part of the society as long as the subject culture does not contradict the teachings of Islam. Among the local religious cultures in South Sulawesi is the tradition of “Bungamale”, which is serving boiled chicken eggs that have been decorated with certain ornaments, on every celebration of the birth day of the prophet Muhammad. A Study on the Acculturation of Islam and Local Culture Keywords: Acculturation, Local Culture, Bungamale, Maulu Introduction The “Bungamale” tradition has been passed on from generation to generation by the people of South Sulawesi and they bring along this tradition wherever they go. -
The Spirit of Muslim Culture According to Muhammad Iqbal
International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, Vol. 5, No. 8, August 2015 The Spirit of Muslim Culture According to Muhammad Iqbal Adibah binti Abdul Rahim systematically in his lectures, the Reconstruction of Religious Abstract—In the history of civilization, culture and religion Thought in Islam. For Iqbal, understanding of the nature of have always developed in a close proximity to each other. self is essential for understanding of the nature of culture and Indeed, one cannot conceive of development in religion and the principle of its growth. Iqbal regarded self as the basis of culture in isolation from each other. It is precisely this unity of culture and religion which is to be the basis of Muhammad the entire organization of life. Self, according to him, is an Iqbal’s views on Muslim culture. Culture, for Iqbal, is the most active and creative force in which a person should strive important factor of sociological life and the basis of its change. towards the achievement of a refined personality as well as to In explaining social change, he believed that culture plays a participate in the affairs of the universe to suit his highest greater role than other factors, such as, economy and politics. position as the vicegerent of God on earth. Self is also Although he has deeply studied the Western thought, Iqbal’s considered as the centre of all man‟s activities and actions. views on culture are essentially shaped by the teachings of the Qur’an. This paper tries to explore Iqbal’s concept of Muslim Therefore, Iqbal rejected all philosophical and religious culture and its spirit. -
Hist4820 : Topics in Islamic History Orientalism
HIST4820 : TOPICS IN ISLAMIC HISTORY ORIENTALISM F15 Semester Dr. Renée Worringer Office: 1004 MacKinnon Ext. Bldg Phone number : x52442 Email: [email protected] Consultation: Thurs 3:00-4:00pm or by appt. LECTURE/DISCUSSION TIME: Weds 11:30AM - 02:20PM Graham Hall Room 2302 COURSE DESCRIPTION This course explores the historiographical complexities involved in studying that segment of the “Orient” known as the Eastern Mediterranean, and its Islamic heritage. Emerging out of a peculiar set of circumstances in which the pioneers of Islamic history in the West were typically biblical and religious specialists with knowledge of the “dead” languages of Eastern literatures, these scholars of the Middle East who explored Islamic culture and civilization in earlier centuries shaped the field in dramatic ways. Their influence can still be felt in today’s often exoticized, objectified Western views of the region and its inhabitants. What factors affected their views of the Middle East, of Islam, and of Muslim peoples? What is “Orientalism” in its various manifestations as defined by Edward Said and others? How does this phenomenon continue to influence academic paradigms and Western pop culture images of the Islamic world today? Does Orientalism play a role in other fields of non-Western history (i.e. South Asian, Southeast Asian, or East Asian Studies)? We explore Western images of an erotic East frozen in time: from the medieval to early modern European condemnation of Muhammad the Prophet as a manipulative idolator preaching a religion merely to satisfy personal desires, to the sensual, lascivious harem of the stereotypical Muslim tyrant – the Ottoman Sultan, his brutality towards women, and his overindulgences in wine and young slave boys. -
Reincarnations of Neo-Orientalism: Islam and Its Representations in Post-9/11 Literature a Dissertation Presented to the Faculty
Reincarnations of Neo-Orientalism: Islam and its Representations in Post-9/11 Literature A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Priyadarshini Gupta August 2017 © 2017 Priyadarshini Gupta. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Reincarnations of Neo-Orientalism: Islam and its Representations in Post-9/11 Literature by PRIYADARSHINI GUPTA has been approved for the Department of English and the College of Arts and Sciences by Ghirmai Negash Professor of English Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT GUPTA, PRIYADARSHINI, Ph.D., August 2017, English Reincarnations of Orientalism: Islam and its Representations in Post-9/11 Literature Director of Dissertation: Ghirmai Negash This dissertation analyzes the responses to the clash of civilizations between Islam and the West through literary narratives. Using texts that discuss “strangers” and “natives” in post-9/11 literature, it critiques, while adding new insights, to the debate of the paradigmatic concept of Neo- Orientalism. Neo-Orientalism, a derogatory way of describing incarnations to Orientalist thinking after 9/11, reinforces Islam as a subculture in modern societies. In the war of ideas between the putative East and the so- called West, Neo-Orientalism revives the legacy of American and European colonialism on Asian and African countries through relentless attacks on Islamic identity and integrity. It shows how xenophobia, racial discrimination, and violence against Muslims is rationalized in Western societies. In my research, I discuss how post-9/11 narratives on Islam are addressing the estrangement of the Muslim world by either reiterating Oriental representations of Islam as a demonic culture or by adapting to the demands of Neo- Orientalism by embracing Islam in an Islamophobic world. -
Islamic Culture and the Uyghurs
Islamic Culture and the Uyghurs Dulikun . Rewaidula & Alifu . Rewaidula (Chinese Muslim 6/2002) Religion is one of the earliest states of consciousness known to human society and a common historical and cultural phenomenon. It constitutes not only a special state of awareness but also a social force, exerting a deep influence on processes of history and on day-to-day living. Since its birth, every country and every nationality has at one time or another believed in some form of religion. For this reason, it is almost impossible to separate the development of human society from religious belief. The influence exerted by religion on society and culture is far-reaching, and we have accordingly come to think of religion as ‘culture.’ In a broad sense, we can see religion as a component part of culture; in a narrow sense, we may consider it a cultural form in its own right. This particular form of culture is comprehensive and multi-faceted. Through religion, we can learn about the past of an ethnic group; we can discover developments and transformations in its history, culture, customs and habits, spoken language, and written script. Religion can greatly affect the cultural development and historical fate of an ethnic group. Islam is no exception; under particular conditions, it has spurred on the development and increased the prosperity of the Arab peoples. In this way, we have come to think of Arab culture as synonymous with Islamic culture. Islamic culture, with the Islamic religion at its core, may be seen as a new entity born of the evolution of a religious system.