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Vietnam Pheasant (Lophura Edwardsi)

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EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Vietnam pheasant (Lophura edwardsi) © Don Butler Edition 1.1: June 2021 Author: Jan Dams EAZA Galliformes TAG Chair: Jan Dams, Antwerp Zoo Society EAZA Galliformes TAG vice‐Chairs: Ludo Pinceel, World Pheasant Association Geer Scheres, Cracid Breeding and Conservation Center EAZA Best practice Guidelines disclaimer Copyright (20.03.2020) by EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine‐readable or other forms without advance written permission from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Members of the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in these EAZA Best Practice Guidelines has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and the EAZA Galliformes TAG make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications, and services. However, EAZA does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. EAZA disclaims all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the EAZA Best Practice Guidelines can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analysed, EAZA strongly recommends that users of this information consult with the editors in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation. Preamble Right from the very beginning it has been the concern of EAZA and the EEPs to encourage and promote the highest possible standards for husbandry of zoo and aquarium animals. For this reason, quite early on, EAZA developed the “Minimum Standards for the Accommodation and Care of Animals in Zoos and Aquaria”. These standards lay down general principles of animal keeping, to which the members of EAZA feel themselves committed. Above and beyond this, some countries have defined regulatory minimum standards for the keeping of individual species regarding the size and furnishings of enclosures etc., which, according to the opinion of authors, should definitely be fulfilled before allowing such animals to be kept within the area of the jurisdiction of those countries. These minimum standards are intended to determine the borderline of acceptable animal welfare. It is not permitted to fall short of these standards. How difficult it is to determine the standards, however, can be seen in the fact that minimum standards vary from country to country. Above and beyond this, specialists of the EEPs and TAGs have undertaken the considerable task of laying down guidelines for keeping individual animal species. Whilst some aspects of husbandry reported in the guidelines will define minimum standards, in general, these guidelines are not to be understood as minimum requirements; they represent best practice. As such the EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for keeping animals intend rather to describe the desirable design of enclosures and prerequisites for animal keeping that are, according to the present state of knowledge, considered as being optimal for each species. They intend above all to indicate how enclosures should be designed and what conditions should be fulfilled for the optimal care of individual species. Summary Vietnam pheasants (Lophura edwardsi) are probably extinct in the wild, making the survival of this species dependent on the birds in human care. To best prepare future generations of Vietnam pheasants for reintroductions back into the wild, it is important to allow the birds in our care to express natural behaviors by creating a stimulating environment and creating opportunities for them to parent rear their offspring. This process should start in European zoos. This species is easy to hold in a zoo setting. It thrives in well planted enclosures where it’s non‐destructive behaviour will leave all plants intact. Vietnam pheasants can easily be mixed with a wide variety of birds, making them the perfect candidates for any South‐East Asian themed aviary or Tropical hall. For a tropical species they are surprisingly hardy, only needing a dry and draft free shelter in a temperate climate. The male’s beautiful shining blue plumage, white crest and red facial skin and the hens willingness to parent raise chicks makes this species an attractive species for zoo visitors. The story behind this species’ demise and the current efforts to return it back to the wild add a high educational value. The EAZA (European Association of Zoos and Aquaria) Galliformes TAG (Taxon Advisory Group) and Vietnam pheasant EEP (European Endangered Species Programme) have set the goal to actively take part in the ongoing conservation actions for this species. By sharing our gathered knowledge about Vietnam pheasant husbandry we hope to help our partners in Vietnam to establish a healthy population of these beautiful animals in Vietnam and to help give this species a second chance in the wild. Acknowledgements Many thanks to all contributors who have helped build this document and to Antwerp Zoo for giving me the opportunity to work on it. Special thanks to: Rik Dams, Shangzhe Xie, Jo Gregson, John Corder, Sarah Patterson, William van Lint, Frédéric Verstappen, Hubert Fryca, Klaudiusz Muchowski, Don Butler, Chris Holmes, Hannah Bailey, Ludo Pinceel, Geer Scheres, Peter Smallbones, Heiner Jacken, Alain Hennache, Friedrich Esser, Tobias Rahde, Nigel Collar, Simon Dowell, Pham Tuan Anh, Gen Anderson, Susie Kasielke, Colleen Lynch, Samantha Amstutz, EEP committee reviewers This document is dedicated to the Author of the first Husbandry Guidelines and longtime EEP coordinator for the Edwards’s pheasant, Alain Hennache (†). His immense dedication towards this species has been of incredible value for the future survival of this species, both in human care as in the wild. We also want to remember and honor our friend Dr. Tobias Rahde (†) who left us far too early. Tobias worked as curator of birds in Berlin Zoo and he was a key member of the Vietnam pheasant recovery team, working hard to find funds for the ongoing activities in Vietnam. Through Tobias’s efforts Berlin Zoo was the first zoo to support Viet Nature and, in a big way, helped build the bridge between the ex situ and in situ community. Contents Section 1: Biology and field data ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Taxonomy ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Morphology ......................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Physiology ........................................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Longevity ............................................................................................................................................. 6 1.5 Conservation status/Zoogeography/Ecology ...................................................................................... 6 1.6 Diet and feeding behavior ................................................................................................................... 7 1.7 Reproduction ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.8 Behaviour ............................................................................................................................................ 8 1.8.1 General behaviour ....................................................................................................................... 8 1.8.2 Social behaviour ........................................................................................................................... 9 1.8.3 Movements .................................................................................................................................. 9 1.8.4 Sexual behaviour ........................................................................................................................ 10 1.9 Predation ........................................................................................................................................... 10 Section 2: Management in Zoos and Aquariums ........................................................................................ 11 2.1 Enclosure ........................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 Indoor enclosure ........................................................................................................................ 13 2.1.2 Outdoor enclosure ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.1.3 Pest control ................................................................................................................................ 16 2.1.4 Boundary .................................................................................................................................... 18 2.1.5
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