www.vireya.net genera of northern temperat northern of genera plant such does earth on else nowhere Perhaps islands. associated its N and , the Peninsula, Malay the Malaysia, of entity contra in consists, which Malesia, of province botanical the of fifteen mid-1960's a since Ever nuaobg, o s te oe vctv lcl ae o M. Wil Mt. for name local evocative more the use to Enduwakombugu, species no are there colour, size, in diversity great exhibiting and niches diverse dramatic a on radiation adaptive into southeastwards this to migrating ancestral or rhododendrons section Vireya species two only distribution curious this for account to scenario One Malesia. has enough interestingly t to which belong Vireya, these of section five but All species. 280 some region this o One interest. biogeographical distinctly of genera prominent unequalled of objects mountains province botanical great this of mountains high the on as occur about by separated are Guinea rhododendron their here, interest Austra and Asian both from derived floras, rich unbelievably almost their equator, the on or near t large very on locations their mass, physical great and height comm in much have peaks great two The be Himalayas. the and Guinea mountain highest the 13,455' at Kinabalu, Mt. 's visit am cherished have I Wilhelm, Mt. 14,793' Guinea's New of Valley Malesia is of course of is Malesia from theJournalofAm -aBotanist'sView Rhododendron Volume 35,No.2,Spring1981 Dr. L.K.Wade Asian origin found in the mounta the in found origin Asian 800 miles of island-studded sea, island-studded of miles 800 aei fo Ai ad hr under o species resulting the scale, there and Asia from Malesia floras. Although the islands the Although floras. month sojourn at 11,600 in the the in 11,600 at sojourn month e, southern temperate, and tro and temperate, southern e, , which, according to Sleumer, numbers in numbers Sleumer, to according which, , erican RhododendronSociety in rgn, n o perhaps of and origins, lian omn o oh t Knbl a Kinabalu Mt. both to common would have early have would Borneo and New Borneo st to the political the to st and form. While While form. and ew Guinea with Guinea ew ccupying many ccupying , making these making , ropical islands ropical ins throughout ins n oh cases both in pical affinities pical both are part a mixture of ambition to ambition we New tween e lepidote he Pindaunde outside section on, their on, greatest the f helm, going nd www.vireya.net dealt withlater. differences striking some are there time same the At habitats. shap sizes, flower , of habit and size species, of number bet parallels many are there no doubt because of its more modest height, the subalpine forest gives way gives forest subalpine the height, modest more its of because doubt no he shrubs, dwarf Kinabalu, On zone. alpine of the characterize which lichens and communities mosses plants, alpine the and forest of limits upper the between band broad a as occurs usually which grassland, tussock zones, vegetation mountain tropical widespread most the of one Mt on absence total the is mountains two the between difference A Guinea. New to endemic are all although it, to restricted are Enduwakombugu on rhododendrons the of none knowledge, my To 10,000'. comparison, lower nowhere ridge alpine long By a by of it one to connected Range, else. is Bismarck Herbert the in peaks nowhere high of chain a found in tallest are is massive, more they even and higher 1,338' although Enduwakombugu, is, that Kinabalu, endemic are species rhododendron known twenty-seven Kinabalu's disco to surprising not is it Thus Kinabalu. of mass and height 8, over are Tambuyukon, and Madi island the of rest the of much ove previously the through intruded which mass granitic impressive an as alone stands Kinabalu Mt. The summitridgeofMt.Kinabalu en h to hddnrn lrs i floras, rhododendron two the ween of Borneo. Several other peaks, other Several Borneo. of 000' high, but no other peaks approach the approach peaks other no but high, 000' rlying sedimentary strata wh strata sedimentary rlying es, colours, and colours, es,

nother obvious nother ver that ten of ten that ver including Trus including the subalpine the which will be will which ich comprise ich . Kinabalu of Kinabalu . hn about than trs of terms n which, Mt. Mt. which, a been has rbaceous but the the but o Mt. to www.vireya.net ore atcpns o an oe eln fr n eprec o tropical of experience and for feeling and zonation vegetation mountain some gain to participants course ideal, was Malaysia West in Negara Taman which for rainforest, sta a to addition In trip. the on and before logistics all with depa this of MacFarlane Maryfrank Mrs. Education. Continuing of University's the of auspices the under given and Asia southeast latter purposeMt.Kinabaluwastheobviouschoice. c course studies an Garden, developed tropical Botanical jointly The myself and of Columbia, Director British Taylor, of University Roy Dr. when 1979 in came h cac o fliln m long my fulfilling of chance The great graniticsummitdome. restricted are themselves which communities alpine to directly the one followed by our group were similar, it is perhaps not s not perhaps is it similar, were group our by followed one the al encountered, he habita the concerning notes detailed species rhododendron the all of for and descriptions subject the on background further for both point, this Kinabalu' Mt. Peak, Highest entitled 1977) Spring No.2, (Vol.31, Bulletin e Doleshy's Frank Mr. relevance, M up Walk Nature 'A entitled Atte David by Borneo on volume series Places' Wild World's 'The Books' Time-Life the in chapter a Plants', Insect-Trapping and Flowers Giant 'Malaysia's entitled Geographic National in Zahl A. Paul by article illustrated my Three to 1961. greatly in contributed Borneo sources North to wor Expedition the Society to Royal 1913, in famous L.S.Gibbs Miss by work detailed the through 1851, March in Kinabalu of ascent first the made who , of Secretary Briti Low, Hugh Sir from ranging vegetat explorers of number geography, a by its fauna of descriptions from formed was mountain Kinabal Mt. to visit our to Prior . Mr. Doleshy's article should really be re-read at re-read be really should article Doleshy's Mr. . u, my preconceived mental pict mental preconceived my u, . iaau, n o gets impor greatest of and Kinabalu', t. nrd rud mnh og excu long month a around entred hrse abto o vstn M. Kinabalu Mt. visiting of ambition cherished the major plant groups involve groups plant major the clet ril i te A.R.S. the in article xcellent t characteristics of each. of characteristics t be a mountain, the of picture Rooedos n Malaysia's on 'Rhododendrons y in lowland tropical lowland in y urprising that we that urprising As his route and ure of this great this of ure to cracks in the the in cracks to d and for this for and d i excellent his Department rtment dealt rtment sh Colonial sh tuh a taught d we wanted we ac and tance nborough Quarterly n with ong k of the the of k o and ion so to rsion autifully other www.vireya.net addition totherhododendronswhicharefoundonit. rel where beauti other the it of some examine to and Wilhelm, Mt. of aspects compare to viewpoint, botanical overall an of Kina more Mt. at look to decided have I purpose, Doleshy good no Mr. serve by would presented well to so As information attempted. same was the none essentially and repeat collecting plant for resources or for time families many over ranging species plant individual of spectrum altit the course a of context ex to was that and different rather was however, objective, Our or same the exactly in rhododendron succeedi each with met we that find I notes, field my over back interestin is It rhododendrons. of species same the encountered the most part with early second growth forest in which the breadfruit relative relative breadfruit the which in forest growth second early with part most the hilly increasingly through is in drive The foothills. Kinabalu 5 at situated Headquarters Park National Kinabalu Mt. to inland thirt bus chartered small a via travelled we Kinabalu Kota From yellow-orange lovely a found we flowered speciesforwhichwe flowers, pendant red bright tubular 1/4" tend large rather whose height, in so or 6' shrub erect to addition In rhododendrons. the course of and mosses, fern orchids, of species numerous the examining ridgetops the exploring days two spent had we 6,000' about at L tropical Kuala from far of not region taste Highlands Genting a the in had vegetation time this by also had Taman we in Malaysia, West River Tembeling the along the rainforests in lowland stay tropical interesting most a to addition In Peninsula. Malay Thaila of lowlands steamy hot the in weeks two after 27th, June of State the of capital the Kinabalu, Kota in arrived and June on Columbia British Vancouver, left eighteen of group Our order thathedescribedt hem inhisarticle! udinal zonation of the vegetation vegetation the of zonation udinal do notasyethaveapositiveide , ice pat, oten oies club conifers, southern plants, pitcher s, der that he did, or at least at or did, he that der country clothed for clothed country R.malayanum ntification. to dwarf the 1 g that in going in that g ng species of species ng ful species in species ful in the same the in . This left no left This . Bre, on Borneo, , amine in the the in amine umpur. Here umpur. n a wide a and ,121' in the the in ,121' y-five miles miles y-five magnificent d n the and nd vn with evant 5h 1979 15th montane montane au from balu Negara, an , www.vireya.net sempervirens (syn. at utvtd ra bfr arvn a pr haqatr w wr much were we flowered white a headquarters see to park surprised at arriving before areas cultivated last mount the of impression good a gets mou the of flanks the around less or more east and south curves botanical circles when it was discovered in 1961 as, aside from aside as, 1961 in discovered was it when circles botanical are conspicuous Most well. as abundant the road,lookingverymuchoutofplacetooureyes. route the as and road, the along at themselves present Kinabalu Mt. of views Spectacular touch. fern large the tree 3,000' picturesque above while region, the of shrub habitat pioneer common of flowers purple bright large elasticus the by enlivened Artocarpus One of these, these, of One be should zone this from trees other Two borne. are cones small upon phyllodes or extensions stem flattened evolved has instead ha conifer This 11,500'. at trees of limit the to up right form with along which, conifer looking Pine', canopy. forest the of rest the above of well extend usually crowns that unlike not looks elevations lower these at foliage nor temper hemisphere southern 'Pacific and by species in northern and tropical of array heterogeneous a of rich composed being standards, amazingly nevertheless are they tropica lowland than complex structurally di and quite rich are species and Less Zone Forest Montane Lower Tropical the of part (5,100') altitude this At personnel. parks by by developed been network oft the exploring and climb our for arrangements final a headquarters the in spent were Kinabalu on days few first Our n Cetus ( Chestnuts and A.dammera hlolds hypophyllus Phyllocladus ad h mgiiet ar 'Pine', Kauri magnificent the and , , f h Aacraee woe asv tuk ad broad and trunks massive whose Araucariaceae, the of ), rgnblns verticillata Trigonobalanus Castanopsis s ut a rmnn te. h rasds r often are roadsides The tree. prominent a quite is yte contaminans Cyathea peoiae bt oten oies are conifers southern but predominate, ) i aohr ot itntv ad unlikely and distinctive most another is , Podocarpus imbricatus Podocarpus t gnr. vrre ok ( oaks Evergreen genera. ate Sambucus prahs is fo te west the from first approaches ain from several sides. As w As sides. several from ain cue qie snain in sensation a quite caused , or Elderberry at intervals along intervals at Elderberry or ds dsicie landscape distinctive a adds ooaps imbricatus Podocarpus eatm malabathricum Melastoma , extends in dwarfed in extends , gti borneensis Agathis s no leaves, but leaves, no s rails whichhave the forests are various points various being a new a being e passed the passed e The 'Celery The Lithocarpus rea, making making rea, mentioned. mentioned. rainforest, l n then and ti, one ntain, which its stinctive. Sequoia Sequoia whose thwest' a , )

www.vireya.net these forests, as it has a sm a has conspicuou it most as forests, the these perhaps is other The oaks. the to ancestral uapn daf r os oet ie wy o h lrey ae an bare largely the to locat are Here dome. granodiorite way gives forest moss or dwarf subalpine r south the on 11,000' at locality a is Laban Panar goal. day's beautiful these give birds other Tree-Pie Malesian Flycatchers, Fantail Minivets, Mountain black Oriole silvers. and browns russets, velvety of mosaic beautiful and Tree-ferns flowered pink colourful and species several of begonias are streams the along th In colonies. ant to home are rhizomes swollen whose epiphyte Eucalyptus ( oaks true ( of characteristics combined it genus, ie h Dlsy, e tre our started we Doleshys, the Like ha we feeling ascent the started glimpsed whattheseforestshadtooffer. we was it As touched. be only and would headquarters park the of vicinity the exploring spent enormous an by visit a to treated eve one and insects and birds in rich are forests These scarce. in than conspicuous shrublet little the and alt common this encoun At we species only the less and Guinea New in forests comparable trees. much and shrubs seem the rhododendrons on epiphytes as numbers large elegant and beautiful the as such genera unusual of number a include and earth, on anywhere found are variet a great as to home are forests these as here years spend fern The ferns. the to especially and understory the to rather trees, the to not is It Borneo. montane wet the in than Wales South New of forests sclerophyll menziesii Fagus ad oten ece ( beeches southern and ) n h Pcfc otws. t is It Northwest. Pacific the in ad l o u are i wud ok uh oe t oe n the in home at more much look would it agreed us of all and , main platyphylla Impatiens Pandanus R.quadrasianum R.quadrasianum , both so abundant in , were also rather rather also were Guinea, New in abundant so both , ooth bright orange trunk reminisce trunk orange bright ooth however, that one's attention i attention one's that however, forests an added dimension. We dimension. added an forests Matonia Atlas Moth with a wingspread a with Moth Atlas ed two rather bleak aluminium bleak rather two ed var. set rm ,0' ih Panar with 6,200' from ascent Nothofagus wie rhd ad enras cu in occur gesneriads and orchids while , cuneifolium and Tristania Lecanopteris ad s huh nw o be to now thought is and ) , unfortunately not in bloom. in not unfortunately , Quercus a ls rltv of relative close a , te n-en an ant-fern, the , s first drawn, but drawn, first s enthusiast could could enthusiast -like orange and orange -like wt beeches with ) idge where the where idge of about10",a ning we were we ning nt of nt huts which at which huts eks could be could eks s, and many and s, y of ferns as ferns of y h surface the aa our Laban lms of clumps mosses e tered was tered oet of forests te of tree s steep d Arbutus Arbutus only d itude www.vireya.net incomparable all theserhododendronspeciesandtheirhabitats. des complete more for paper 1977 Doleshy's Mr. to readers refer bloom. in it see did never we but 8,000', least at to up common 7,000' about At forest. montane the near wavy-edged, and umbels scarlet common very was and bloom full almost in be to appeared species first our saw we Mt. when on distinctive distance most short the of very one appropriately a rhododendron, only climbed had We very littleexcuseisneededforfrequentrestorphotographys be every literally around appearing species fascinating and new riche botanically the of one however, be, must trail mile three ha a and three only in 5,000' almost steep, very is Laban Panar The there! up spent we day, each not happily though night, each wind howling and rain torrential the from shelter provide least R.fallacinum R.stenophyllum sot itne ute u t up further distance short a clust in flowers bell-shaped red, pad t a lat ,0' w fud h ams euly distinc equally almost the found we 8,000', least at to upwards rwn a a ersra srb o prxmtl 1' ih This high. 15' approximately to shrub terrestrial a as growing R.quadrasianum R.quadrasianum . With its very narrow 3" long leaves and its glistening orange glistening its and leaves long 3" narrow very its With . e ri, einn a 650 ad extending and 6,500' at beginning trail, he ers of twos or threes, it is u is it threes, or twos of ers var. ly sessile leaves noticeable leaves sessile ly e a or ny pcmn of specimen only our saw we cuneifolium mnind ale, was earlier, mentioned , nmistakable. Only Only nmistakable. tops. st on earth with earth on st s that marked marked that s I would again would I lf miles. That miles. lf features in features nd, so that that so nd, criptions of criptions ascent to to ascent , its bright its , Kinabalu, the tive -

www.vireya.net tropical climbing pitcher plants of the genus the mou of plants pitcher climbing the tropical on genera all Of notable. most the of few a to comments other plants seen on this ascent a ascent this on seen plants other weat misty in pronounced most effect an spiderwebs, green great carpet of underwater algae. Great algae. underwater of carpet swamp to appears it where range, t and abundant very is bamboo This genus the of bamboo climbing of 7,500' around at zone narrow a is variations interesting most the of feet hundred few a of gain every with seen be to are forest the and however, zone upper whole this about homogeneity little is fo moss or cloud, forest, subalpine as known Zone Montane Upper subd a is on, 9,000' about from zone, this of portion upper The d as such elements lowland many of absence the and conifers, of around zone forest lower gre a species, fewer of trees shorter generally by headquarters the from distinguished Tr in Forest, part most Montane the for is 11,000', to 6,200' from ascent, This remarkable. Of the sixty-five species in this fascinating genus thirty are native are thirty genus fascinating this in species sixty-five the Of remarkable. villosa.8,000'.Oneofthemostcolourful Racemobambos pitcher plantsofMt.Kinabalu. re worth more attention, but attention, more worth re festoons of it link the trees the link it of festoons l ohr eeain ie n u an like vegetation other all hc cets ms srne effect. strange most a creates which e oiat etr oe its over feature dominant he Nepenthes

are probably the most the probably are and shrubs like shrubs and I will confine my confine will I ofaltitude.One ater proportion ater pcl Upper opical ivision of the the of ivision ipterocarps. hne in changes rest. There rest. her. Many her. ndulating ti the ntain narrow park www.vireya.net

the forestcanopyonsteeperslopes. pa steep the above arched and 7,500' above evidence in much was single-minded rhododendron enthusiast! rhododendron single-minded of one certainly to find exciting an is be must and Kinabalu of plants species outstanding This 8,000'. above frequently with uh ie u gre hybrids garden our like much o brilliant ornate, large, the spec more Far picture. stenophyllum composite pleasing very a forming latter Rhododendron rajah N.tentaculata t in long Nepenthes inches fourteen over to inches few a from ranges size shapes odd very of pitchers have others while pitchers coloured inc Kinabalu, on hav species Some genus. the of foundmembers bizarre most and largest are nine least at these of and Borneo to extensive outcrop of ultrabasic r localized ultrabasic of a outcrop extensive to Kinabalu of core the up makes which granodiorite ve the in change dramatic f type, rock the in change a dramatic equally an by about brought is there route this on 8,000' Above conifer southern beautiful The flora. herbaceous rich the Sonerila a ml hr i te eatmca, r mnind s ape o samples as mentioned are Melastomaceae, the in herb small a , i audn o te set ri ad a otn en climbing seen often was and trail ascent the on abundant is , 6' shruboftheforestedgesummitzonetransition. hc, notntl, e did we unfortunately, which, Rhododendron ericoides10,500'. range, green, and yellow pitchers yellow and green, range, , the pitchers of the former and the flowers of the the of flowers the and former the of pitchers the , n perne ad euiu pink beautiful and appearance, in ocks. On the serpentine soils serpentine the On ocks. Astilbe rivularis Astilbe o se A mle species, smaller A see. not , cream in colour and colour in cream , beccarii Dacrydium of

even the most the even formed on the on formed rom the acidic the rom N.villosa . The pitcher The . tacular were tacular e ae of case he e brilliantly e luding the the luding but fairly fairly but th forming forming th h most the flowered getation , met , f

www.vireya.net and similarity, althoughtheNewGuineaspeciesalsohastinycrowd similari flower and habitat from more striking, most is Wilhelm n to resemblance the identical, means any a with flowers tubular met narrow red brilliant and leaves not heath-like tiny having time first the for association, saw we hours, this some for rhododendron in And needles. dark awl-shaped green narrow and branches arching with conifer small beautiful distin quite appears association by dominated plant basic the num but in fewer elsewhere, species and smaller much are trees the ultrabasics height. to 10 to grow both and veins impressed deeply with species leaves have these Both magnificent. quite and bloom full in both were tips, v is prominent. here flora The surface. rock in cracks large and draws sheltered in so or 11,500' to upwards st the to fores of fragments although zone, way summit Kinabalu the of gives slopes gradually forest mossy the 10,700' about At is common Also origin. Australian distinctly R.acuminatum R.buxifolium Rhododendron rugosum Rhododendron recurvum Leptospermum , with orange to scarlet flowers and pronounced acuminate pronounced and flowers scarlet to orange with , var. Rhododendron womersleyi robustum a as cmo ad s oal fr its for notable is and common also was var. r itrsig n te rcca very Ericaceae the and interesting ery , a small contorted tree in a genus of genus a in tree contorted small a , R.womersleyi rugosum ardu gibbsiae Dacrydium , with rose crimson flowers, crimson rose with , from the heights of Mt. of heights the from R.ericoides

. Though not by not Though . ed leaves. is hn leaf than ties t extend well extend t the smooth the 5 et in feet 15 a most a , e bare eep ber than than ber t I is It ct. ih its with ew www.vireya.net 200 wee t a rdcd o -' n egt Numerous height. in 3-4' to reduced was it where 12,000' were inbloomatthetimeofourvisit. Diplycosia height, in more two, or previous the 15' unlike although, were plants Many flowers. fleshy rather red, blood Rhododendron rugosumvar.rugos pce add o h eiaeu amshr, u fw f these of few but atmosphere, ericaceous the to added species associated withR.acum Rhododendron acuminatum11,000' 10' shrubvic.PanarLaban. R.buxifolium inatum, vic.PanarLaban. um 11,000'oftenfound occurred upwards to at least at to upwards occurred

Vaccinium Vaccinium and www.vireya.net pulchella 'non-rhododendrons' inthearea. we These corollas. tubular fringed family, coffee or Rubiaceae the in shrub small a was third The of reminiscent somewhat , red deep of base a in clustered mistletoe, spectacular a s second The coast. Oregon southern the as such areas sheltered succeed might it 12,000', to up occurred it as and, imagine to difficult be would plant exquisite more A edges. red narrow with leaves green dark glossy and buds, flower red spherical has lustrous flowers, (Theaceae) globular family almost tea the of member this height, in 10' to Th attention. more little a deserve and out stood really plants as the mist and clouds closed in, but we were permitted a few minutes togaze in, butwewerepermitted afewminutes closed clouds and mist the as impressiv most but odd-shaped of myriad its with plateau summit reac We Peak. Low's summit, highest the climbed zone summit the seco our on and Laban Panar at huts the in nights four spent We Amyema brevifolia Schima Coprosma attention, our z summit the in genera other of number a Ericaceae, the Besides , with light green glossy leaves and 1" white flowers with beau with flowers white 1" and leaves glossy green light with , species in the same family found at similar altitudes on Mt. Wilhelm. Wilhelm. Mt. on altitudes similar at found family same the in species , Trachymene Gentiana A specieswithveryfleshybloodredflowers. , one of the most beautiful shrubs I have ever seen. Growing Growing seen. ever have I shrubs beautiful most the of one , Rhododendron buxifolium11,700'. , , Euphrasia Ranunculus eiai subaensis Lepidaria re certainly among the most s most the among certainly re , Eria , Potentilla , and , Photinia , with yellow tubular flowers flowers tubular yellow with , , Drimys , to name a few. Three few. a name to , , Rubus

in cultivation in cultivation in the blood red blood the nd full day in day full nd triking of the the of triking e peaks just peaks e , frt was first e one caught one pecies was pecies ue white pure Styphelia Hedyotis Hedyotis e the hed tifully , www.vireya.net were flungskywardfromLow'sGully. the hear could we wh ragged small as watch Laban and peaks summit the between shreiking Panar below well even for however, day o plateau summit the on windy very been have must It delight. a h park to lon the making day, all return so remained and clear our and bright dawned of day The night. each rain torrential but ra little with cloud, scattered to overcast from ranged weather cli summit the on 12,000' about at situated grow Sayat, Sayat at hut highest the aro and vicinity Laban it Panar the in plants examining spent were making 13,000', mountain. over the on species rhododendron at plateau, summit the Low's of top the from clearing of most completed but (13,455'), partial of moments few a enjoyed BotanicGardenended magnificent the to visit a and Singapore in days Several enough. impressive buds sized cabbage the only finding by efforts our for rewarded rotting of colour the and across 2-3' flowers, largest world's liana woody a of roots the on parasitic is plant This habitat. R.ericoides swirli before feet, of dropping thousands precipices sheer its with Gully Low's of abyss great the into down see to Park National Kinabalu Mt. of side east the at Pori to visit flying a made we headquarters park reaching After occurs as tiny shrublets a few inches high in cracks in the ro the in cracks in high inches few a shrublets tiny as occurs our descent to Panar Laban in Laban Panar to descent our ng cloud obscured the entire scene. We We scene. entire the obscured cloud ng our SoutheastAsiantour. Our other days in the sum the in days other Our Rafflesia and produces the the produces and in during the day the during in et W were We meat. ng Hot Springs Hot ng , but they were they but , mb route. Our Our route. mb in its natural its in und a higher a und heavy cloud. heavy g hike down hike g eadquarters n this final final this n ite clouds ite mit zone mit Peak ck of ck wind ing www.vireya.net occurred below 9,000'. One pink species, pink One 9,000'. below occurred R.inconspicuum R.commonae long, 3-4" about them. pollinate which th honeyeaters of of lengths species beak the matches closely often and greatly varies spec fl red of flowered group this in red length Corolla well-defined. remarkably pollinated bird and flowered white pollinated t pollinated, bird and red bright were were s Wilhelm Mt. on flowered species species all 9,000' white Above Kinabalu. Mt. flowered as on be to Wilhelm appear orange Mt. on and absence their yellow by conspicuous general in but 9,000', ubiquitous the species, orange R.maius include species white These forms. pink pale havi case each in ove species latter the white, or red blood either 1966-67, in stay extended our from7,000to range altitudinal during Wilhelm Mt. on E species or Wilhelm Mt. of those with Kinabalu Mt. of rhododendrons the compare to reflection upon interesting is It Al ee rgat uuly ppyi, ee oh olntd a pollinated, moth were epiphytic, usually fragrant, were All . Rhododendron herzogii9,000'.A ae mle crla 23 ln, while long, 2-3" corollas smaller have shrub oftheUpperMontaneForest.Mt.Wilhelm. , and R.atropurpureum R.yelliotii 13,500'.Mostofthesetwenty-o havetinycorollasaninch orlessinlength. e liuia tasto line transition altitudinal he nduwakombugu. We collected twenty-one twenty-one collected We nduwakombugu. (which despite its name is bright red) and red) bright is name its despite (which R.macgregoriae R.phaeochitum veryfragrantsmall R.herzogii R.culminicolum wr as fud below found also were , , , and one yellow to yellow one and , R.pleianthum R.gaultheriifolium ng less common less ng

ne specieswere ewe moth between owered species owered has corollas different e e being ies pecies and , an r nd as , www.vireya.net of Kinabalu and Kinabalu of rne lwrd pce o Knbl sc as such Kinabalu of species flowered large orange the with Wilhelm of species be altitude lower to flowered white appears there be parallels whichdraw to tempting is It Kinabalu. Mt. for on equivalent earlier, mentioned Zone Grassland Dingley, E.R.ed.1978. ecol pollination the of more learn evolutionary backgroundsofthes to interesting most be would st quite are parallels diffe the floras, obvious rhododendron two the the Despite between premature. be would comparison a such as zone summit rocky the to admi be must it although Wilhelm, to equivalent ecologically somewhat be to appears Kinabalu Similarly mountains. respective their of edge forest the along the of levels uppermost the in mainly occur and height similar between drawn be might parallels Ecologically, 42:1-240 Kinabalu andtheHighlands ofBriti Gibbs, L.S.1914.AContribution Kinabalu. Quar.Bll.Amer.Rhod.Soc.31(2):70-82 Doleshy, F.L.1977.RhododendronsofMalaysia's HighestPeak,M Kinabalu. Expedition toNorthBorneo1961. Corner, E.J.H.etal1964.ADiscu Reports. Corner, E.J.H.etal1962-63.Royal Literature Cited. and wearemostappreciative. immeasurably way the smoothed efforts His slides. and publications, maps, before us gave he help of t amount for Doleshy Frank Mr. to thanks of word a add to like would I as such R.commonae Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Soc. Linn. Proc. R.culminicolum R.culminicolum and Kinabalu Summit of Borneo. Borneo. of Summit Kinabalu R.yelliotii 175(1):9-56 R.ericoides R.ericoides to the Flora and Plant Formations ofMount totheFloraandPlant Formations and e two beautiful groups of rhododendrons. e twobeautifulgroupsofrhododendrons. ssion ontheresultsofR Proc. Roy. Soc., Soc., Roy. Proc. tted that the latter does not does latter the that tted sh NorthBorneo.Jour. Linn. SocietyExpeditiontoNorth u ti, n h fr o advic of form the in trip, our cu msl i te uapn Tussock Subalpine the in mostly occur R.atropurpureum R.atropurpureum os Ohr t Wlem species Wilhelm Mt. Other does. R.acuminatum R.acuminatum R.lowii B. 161:1-91 The SabahSociety,Kota and of Wilhelm. All reach a reach All Wilhelm. of R.retivenium oyal Society R.womersleyi moss forest and forest moss extend upwards extend tween the large the tween and Soc.(Bot.), Borneo1961: R.ericoides e immense he iig n it and riking elw and yellow , contacts, e, t. R.rugosum g and ogy rences but , no of of www.vireya.net Malesiana Rhododendron-Gesellschaft Geog. Guinea Sleumer, H.1965.Rhododendronin andUNESCO,Kuching,Sarawak.325-359 Symposium on Ecological Research Ecological on Symposium Meijer, W.1963.ABotanicalGui Mackinnon, J.etal1975. Zahl, P.A.1964.Malaysia'sGian Wade, L.K.1968. Netherlands. Sleumer, H.1966. 125(5):680-697. . AustralianNationalUniversity. , ser.1,vol.6,part4:473-674),P.Noordhoff,Groningen,The The Alpine and Subalpine Veget Subalpine and Alpine The An Account of Rhododendron in Malesia in Rhododendron of Account An Reproduced bykindpermissionofthe American RhododendronSociety Borneo Bremen de totheFloraofMt.Kinabalu t Flowers and Insect-Trapping Plants. t FlowersandInsect-TrappingPlants. . Time-LifeBooks,Amsterdam © ARS in Humid Tropics Vegetation, Tropics Humid in BorneoandThailand.

ation of Mt. Wilhelm, New New Wilhelm, Mt. of ation

(from Jahrbuch 1965 der der 1965 Jahrbuch , in Flora Flora Govt.of Nat. Nat.