www.vireya.net Sarawak andSabahalong sulta independent small a is Brunei Malaysia. of states nor eastern the in and Sarawak several while Indonesia, of into country the divided of now is It the in island the of part greater the Kalimantan, history. subdivisions. turbulent times, at and at Texas than larger somewhat ono t ° ot lttd, and latitude, north 6° at Kinabal Mt. that t show will at S.E.Asia glance A Country. Rhododendron addition, in is, it Goheen, fa great a Neverthele have still names place place. other any from time travel hours 24 than more of day this in Earth, on place general no that said been has It Volume 37,No.1,Winter1983 from TheJournaloftheAm Dave GoheenandFrankMossman Rhododendron CollectingonMt.Kinabalu For many years, Sabah, in which in Sabah, years, many For myster the of images up conjures name very The Kinabalu. Mt. is place a Such charm. and interest their from no by access ready that find to places such visit to gratifying ne te oto o Get rti. oh eae needn in independent became Both Britain. Great of control the under thenortherncoast. erican RhododendronSociety R. brookeanum R. scination for most people, and people, most for scination 8,0 s. ie. ono a had has Borneo miles. sq. 288,000 ious east. To us, Frank Mossman Frank us, To east. ious Mt. Kinabalu is located, and Sa and located, is Kinabalu Mt. ht ono s vr lre is large very a is Borneo that u is near the northern tip o tip northern the near is u

swiftjettravel,is south, is a state a is south, means detracts means it is extremely f the island of island the f nate between nate rawak were rawak e a of map he and Dave and 93 and 1963, ad I is It land. th are the s exotic ss, political long, a www.vireya.net assemblage ofplantsintheworld(1). So Royal mos and two richest the is believes Kinabalu, of on expeditions London organizer the E.J.H.Corner, what with paradise, et o h lfy 345 ot su foot 13,455 lofty the to feet m few a climbs one as observed subtropi tropic, zones; climatic unique is It wonder. scenic a is itself, mountain, the and Asia par mountain interesting most the is Park National Kinabalu Mt. t commitment accompanying the with Parks National several of establishment the been an has policies, with enlightened country young vigorous and now is Malaysia States. Malay of confederation the joined then mzn eprec wt ln hour long with experience and amazing an swiftly still is passed it Pacific, trip the across flights long several taking the after Even and uneventfully. superb was service The Manila. to fr aircraft newly-purchased the for flight commercial first the I start. auspicious an was This jet. 747 Airline Philippine new Janu on rain the in Francisco San left we talents, artistic her a observe to along came who Doris, wife, Frank's by Accompanied park director. respons the with satisfied well were We allowed. not was of Uprooting headquarters. park from away well areas in cuttings and seeds specimens, granted permissiontotakeherbarium were we but rules strict very necess was dire park the it from material collect Government, to permission request Malaysian the of protection the under m the As u Francisco. San was from departure task actual our before first months Our assemblage. marvellous this in collect and January, of month the During beauty oftheseareasforsubsequentgenerations. sudden arrival in the verdant, sun-bathed islands of S.E. Asia. S.E. of islands sun-bathed verdant, the in arrival sudden 1980, we had the good fortune to v to fortune good the had we 1980, , eprt, n apn al to all alpine and temperate, c, iles from park headquarters at ab at headquarters park from iles mt Te onan s lo bo a also is mountain The mmit. o carry out steps to preserve to steps out carry o oe seigy nls ocean endless seemingly over s nutiu pplto. Amon population. industrious om San Francisco San om ary 4, on a brand a on 4, ary t happened to be to happened t with its diverse its with The low clouds clouds low The ctor. There are There ctor. k in Southeast in k a prosperous a t remarkable t isit, observe isit, e readily be the natural the nd practice nd e from the the from e ndertaken ountain is ountain out 5,200 out it of ciety tanical r to ary then then its g www.vireya.net forgot quickly Air Manila the at sunshine bright were Francisco San and Portland of rain cold and euphonious is the Malay, Kota Kinabalu! The town is packed with packed is town The Kinabalu! m Kota Malay, How the is euphonious Jesselton. of town English old the is This Kinabalu. Kota country low the exploring and resting in spent were days Three repu justly-deserved a has excellent foodandtheChinesecuisineisfirst-rate. establishment hotel delightful The restaurant. this the recommend especially highly can We Kinabalu. the near is which Hotel Borneo the to us brought ride cab short A day. Portland January, cold a from hours 24 noticeable especially b and hot, uneventful and oppressive-humid were was weather Kinabalu Kota at clearance custom and Landing grani massive truly dominatesthewhol This Everest. as high as outst us to was looked Kinabalu and visible Mt. but lowlands, the covered clouds the and Borneo. of tip northern the up 4:20 about at and Sea China South the from Sea Sulu the divides which Island along jet Malaysian a in flew we afternoon the in Late remained we so transit zone. insurmountable seemed of tape maze red a but and Manila downtown restrictions of tour a for airport the leave to tried We e northernpartofBorneo. The weather thickened as we near we as thickened weather The R. suaveolens R. port where it was 23°C at 8:30 inthemorning. port whereitwas23°Cat8:30 beach and about 4km. from downto from 4km. about and beach

in and near and in p.m. picked p.m. a vigorous e upthrust te ed Borneo ed to us just us to ten in the the in ten c more uch tation for for tation wn Kota wn andingly ut the the ut in the the in and www.vireya.net tribal native 50,000 of amalgam Kinabalu building (Kelab Kinabalu in the Malay language). In th In language). Malay the in Kinabalu (Kelab building Kinabalu nea garden rhododendron a established has Kinabalu Mt. on of climb (2) Doleshy Frank accompanied who and Warden Park Senior now J Justin Mr. spot. favoured this of temperatures tibochinas, mild and rains ferns, Tree find. soft the to in revel flowers and plants other many and difficult lilies nasturtiums, orchids, be would place salubrious more Perpe of "Land the in arrival meant headquarters the in Arrival was aroad,in1910. lon own, her on trip the made who Gibbs Lillian Miss of courage rugg mountain. the to the coast the from through walk to week a to up took who travellers early by recorded treks country cross arduous the to compared hours. nothing 4 is course, to 3 takes miles 45 some of Headquarters Park National bad and good of mixture a is construction, under still is which mountai the to trip the for Rover Land by left we 9, January On much likethedescriptionsrec are people tribal Dusun or Kadazan upland the and Bajau coastal sett and villages Quaint city. the The one as evidence. quickly tapers in everywhere is construction and booming is town 5 to 4 from jams traffic encounter and island tropical southern thousan travel to disconcerting is It Westerners. of sprinkling orded bypastgenerationsoftrav One cannot help but admire the stamina and stamina the admire but help cannot One epe Ciee Idas Mly ad a and Malays Indians, Chinese, people, R. lowii R.

ds of miles to a to miles of ds o'clock, but the , and the trip to to trip the and , ellers. lements of the the of lements tual Spring". A Spring". tual is, we saw out saw we is, g before there there before g ukian, who is who ukian, n. The road, road, The n. d country ed r the Club the r tl very still This, of activity his www.vireya.net mountain wouldalmostmagicallyreappear. would oftenlift,andagain curtain the day the in Late heads. that appear cover and cloud mountain the solid obliterated a by followed be to hour an perhaps for disappear and appear would scenes mountain the and in, steal would clouds o 10 or 9 by Then sunlight. unobstructed in bright mountain the oft would Sunrise pano veranda. the from view full kaleidoscopic in unfolded daily the of tired never We available. was heights granitic bare the to slopes forested lower the from way the all mountain the of view sweeping a veranda, the From weeks. two for headquarters our was for available chalets the of one into settled we arrival, After brought fromtheMesilauRiver,w flower. in bloom. in rhododendrons Kinabalu first many of the legends and tribal lore of the hill people includin people hill the of lore tribal and legends the of many ha Peter mother, his From park. the near area Kundasan the from a mother his and Chinese is father His arrival. his by watches lit could we mou that punctual, the so was and on call on not always was Peter and headquarters at were we when time the During d also was he but nonchalance, and ease with curves hairpin and rough, the negotiated who driver expert and careful a only not Chang. Peter man, young remarkable a was driver Rover Land Our R.retivenium a js fnse ad magnificent a and finished just had R. crassifolium R. as inbudandbloomedforus. ed to hang like a curtain ju curtain a like hang to ed R.crassifolium R.crassifolium

and

R.suaveolens in theevening g one remarkable one g rental and which and rental en be clear with clear be en R.brookeanum Kadazan lady Kadazan erally set our set erally st above our above st utd roads rutted 'clock, misty misty 'clock, ependable. completely rama that that rama d learned d He was He were ntain, , www.vireya.net grow andharvestfoursuccessive that us told He Kinabalu. Kota in sale for vegetables temperate bo park the of outside just plot farming small a purchased have an he and money, his saved has Peter interest. great of stories b carefully very listen to had We accent. atrocious most a also vo English large a possessed He chalet. our in evenings several ot and this itsel told Peter reattach sun! rising not the of could rays the it by destroyed dismay its to but returned head the N torso. headless the to fastened securely and back, brought he an bark gathered and forest the to rushed man brave the i terror, start to body the left head the When watch. to awake r remained to pretended who man clever and a by stopped were being wicked this i of depredations reattach The and torso. return would head the sunrise, Before villagers. at and menacing settlements, the through float would which head its detach remarkably quite and rise, would asleep, were all after and, night at people the with retire to pretend village, a to come would being The time. ,0 fe (78 ers h soe us showed he metres) (1768 feet 5,800 w being a of stories) Dracula European traditi (head-hunting head detachable the of (reminiscent tale leaves. The stalk is a narrow blade and the true blade is the pitcher each with each pitcher the is blade true the and blade narrow a is stalk The leaves. pitchers The plant. same the on growing are both but ones upper diff shaped are pitchers lower The traps. insect efficient into which pitchers of types two have plants interesting incredibly at road the along embankments of specimens first our us to out pointed youn This Kinabalu. Mt. is epicentre whose plants insectivorous r the of end the at 6 metres) at (1829 station power the to Rover Land the took we 10, January On enterprising young lad, John Jame John lad, young enterprising picked we way the on and purposes botanical for stops of series young age of 17, had made himself an authority on the genus, the on authority an himself made had 17, of age young plantingsofpotatoesinoney bu 540 et 14 mte) A metres). (1646 feet 5,400 about a. h ti u te od was road the up trip The oad. s, from Brisbane, wh Australia Brisbane, from s, on!) that terrorized the v the terrorized that on!) tr wt te ikd en bu being wicked the with etire tentaculata Nepenthes eete fusca Nepenthes illages for a long a for illages Bt o these of Both . erently from the from erently growing on the on growing Nepenthes he was able to able was he undary to grow to undary ear! e sois on stories her g man quickly man g ae evolved have d pitch which pitch d are modified ear morning, morning, ear cabulary but cabulary t on his found ut o, at a very a at o, tself to the the to tself , n was and f, hs sister his d up a most a up tacking the tacking ey brave very ae n a in made ts night of 00 feet ,000 about t who t t a ith , the www.vireya.net where we completed our test ascent andreluctantlyturnedback, where wecompletedourtestascent as such beeches and oaks e.g. trees, the elevation, thr passing were we that noted our During station. power the from mountain. the up ascent the made other for lookout the on be to us told John u scales. are bud species this of buds stri with interesting unopened especially The t collected). in flowers and orange-red (cuttings 51 had station power the near collected terrestri a as feet 8 as much as to epiphyte an as feet 6 about se the to feet 6,000 at station from trail the up walked we as continued which size in decrease and noticeable very is elevation metr 30-40 of heights and diameter verticilata conifers, Trigonobalanus water rain shedding of purpose bec from the pitcher the for preventing presumably lid, open an cainly ppyi pat p o o mr fe hg wt dar with high feet more or 6 to up plant epiphytic occasionally were feet 7,000 to R.retivenium 5,000 from rhododendrons the of beautiful most the Quite 4. or 3 rarely and axis same the from flowers two with M but habit. corollas, funnel-shaped red, solitary, had flowering flower in plants shy a have to it found We elevation. this at al was needles, conifer long resembling leaves narrow extremely flowers. of hundreds literally f 6 as much as were plants the places, In logs. and stumps tree in well especially grow to seemed species This long. 1" to 3/4" orange-coloured had plants most and ft 7,500 to ft 7,000 about R.fallacinum this during collected and seen were flower in rhododendron Five Agathis was observed both as an epiphyte and as a terrestrial plant; f plant; terrestrial a as and epiphyte an as both observed was Te omr s eeal fud s rgru tretil and terrestrial rigorous a as found generally is former The . .udainm a. cuneifolium var. R.quadrasianum sp. were very impressive with boles up to a metre or more in more or metre a to up boles with impressive very were sp. cetus like chestnuts , pes similar to gold paint along paint gold to similar pes od ri setr t ,0 feet 7,500 at shelter trail cond R.stenophyllum mn fle drn te frequent the during filled oming uh mgiiet oetd area. forested magnificent a ough t h pwr tto, hr ws definite was there station, power the at esrl acn t te powe the to ascent leisurely He also joined us for our practice climb climb practice our for us joined also He s Te eln i sz ad h and size in decline The es. atnpi acuminatissima Castanopsis Nepenthes a fud n rfso from profusion in found was rm t 4 et ih with high feet 4 to 2 from pce a w later we as species R.suaveolens Lithocarpus the edges of the of edges the a few were seen were few a 28 metres) (2286 old and rotting and old January10. practice run. practice so numerous so from corollas al. One form One al. eet high with high eet downpours. ost of these these of ost sain we station r h power the ih with eight e truss, he green, k t this At and , and , and rom and www.vireya.net teps hc hv be md t poue rl ylo clus i colours yellow truly produce temperate zone.Kinabaluhas to made repeated been the have about which thinking attempts help not could We rhododendrons. Kinabalu most the of one this makes long, inches six by across inch one combination pleasi This a colouration. of pedicels inch two to one on borne are across inches lo more or inches two flowers, funnel-campanulate golden-yellow it found first we when sensation very striking rhododendron, sweetly fragrant. fragrant. sweetly rhododendron, striking very whit The leaves. inch two rounded, They turned out to be Sopinggi's sisters, Sona, 16 years of age of years 16 Sona, sisters, Sopinggi's be to out turned They mile six walked too porters two The 7a.m.! before arrived had and trails had forest porters two and he headquarters, park reach mo a be to th of slopes lower the on area Kiau the from Dusun a is out age, of turned He Sopinggi, Ladson. Sopinggi headquarters. of name the by park man young remarkable at guide our met we fees. modest for available are porters and guide a of services trail. summit laid-out well ru the up climb our for early rose we 11, January day, next The rather and open c stamens yellow The segments. to flaring necks tubular long with flowers more lmes n t Knbl ae requir are Kinabalu Mt. on Climbers hadthemforalongtime! R. stenophyllum R. f oor, fst y ak green dark by offset colours, of ontrast rather well and we found found we and well rather ontrast n rde t bu 650 feet 6,500 about at ridge a on e flowers are in an upright t upright an in are flowers e

R.retivenium

gave us a real real a us gave k us by surprise. by us k At about 7a.m., about At e mountain. To mountain. e russ of 22 and 22 of russ ed to use the and Salumbi, and gged and yet and gged evs p to up leaves outstanding ng and two and ng Te clear The . this to be a be to this g reddish ng lt petal flat 21 years 21 along s our n st www.vireya.net iaau r vr nmru ad e oe ta mn soe little ( showed Warbler Friendly many Kinabalu the that possibly Some, noted we and numerous very are The Kinabalu seen. were animals these of none but heard, occasionally be mo to attributed we which Hoots, frequent. are calls and region centimetres. Mosses covered t covered Mosses centimetres. became a height in trees shorter noticeably forest the climbed, we As potability. the try to enough thirsty lining. Some of the pitchers were pitchers the of Some lining. reddi deep a has volume 500cc about with pitcher pot-shaped The underside. the on reddish-purple lid, hairy a with pitcher lop-sided remarkable Th Kinabalu. climb to Low, Hugh European, first the after named passe we another encountered we As feet, 7,000 hours. 1/2 1 about took feet 7,500 about at shelter the From trail. summit the along th began and station power the to drove we Rover, Land by Again difficulty inout-pacingus bel our p two the and packs back as well extremely serve for baskets native net 24lbs. with weight, total 40lbs. about to packs By agile. and kept they strong baskets, native were very which cornills their yet in packing, and small were Both old. years 23 ul lo. h eeain eacto bten h to elw sp yellow two the between R.retivenium demarcation elevation The bloom. full with good particularly was One specimens. choice three counted several noted we place level fairly a At difficult. very is machete a of use the cleared the from feet few a than more move to forest, mossy of fib ferns, tree Bamboo, Gibbs' in understory the feet, 8,000 At becoming increasinglyrare. an mountains Borneo the in found only is bird This duff. forest hunting by, close hop would rested we when and bold especially and R.lowii hddnrn retivenium Rhododendron onthemountaintrail. a vr sap A 800 et only feet, 8,000 At sharp. very was lthough many still had diameters had still many lthough rous-rooted begonias and impatien and begonias rous-rooted he tree limbs and trunks. Birds ab Birds trunks. and limbs tree he h msy oet a densely-d was forest mossy the completely filled with water with filled completely oe sain t ,0 fe to feet 6,000 at station power species of , pitcher of species n wti oe 0 t radius ft 50 one within and rdpeu accentor Bradypterus about 8,000 feet, feet, 8,000 about Nepenthes lowii Nepenthes but we were not were we but of from 50 to 75 to 50 from of the assembled d sightings are sightings d nig. The ongings. is plant has a has plant is s. In this type type this In s. orters had no had orters insects in the the in insects nkeys, could could nkeys, R.retivenium the second second the ound in this this in ound 5 trusses in trusses 5 trail without trail ae with raped through d sh-purple birds of ascent e careful , were ), ecies, fear. ,

www.vireya.net soitd ih npnd lwr. h aut om f h gu wa grub the of form adult observed. The flowers. unopened with associated thick with Kinabalu rhododendrons.(MGM#2a) so or minutes 15 collected of he underbrush, struggle and bamboo a After tree. a on bank, upward o plants first the encountered we feet, 8,200 at seen; be could Consumpt opening. bud of triggering motiv that speculate can th One bud. of anthers the in pollen the on fed which grub a of presence on flowers the of and thiswasfoundtobethe maturity at even unopened remained Some plant. this from collected was pollen of as such species, yellow smaller the from mountain R.lowii It width. in (12.7cm) inches 5 by length in (21.6cm) inches 1/3 speci collected the on leaves The thick. (1.3cm) inch 1/2 least growt new with robust is plant The grown. widely be to deserves Altogether, pedicels. 1/2 1 with long (8.9cm) inches 1/2 3 and across (10.8cm) inches twelve of consisted colour, yellow golden deep a of truss, The fine exceptionally Mossman an spotted Frank feet, 8,600 about At levels. higher the spec at orange-yellow magnificent to this feet, 11,500 as colours with flower in observed high as to elevation this s ntrl erpod emergi tetraploid natural a is R.lowii s rl a ottnig hddnrn and rhododendron, outstanding an truly is R.lowii from pure, bright yellow in the in yellow bright pure, from R. retivenium R. ation of pollen is involved in involved is pollen of ation ion of pollen by the parasit the by pollen of ion about 50 feet from the trail on a steep, a on trail the from feet 50 about a beautiful truss of this l this of truss beautiful a g t h hge eeain o t of elevations higher the at ng

R.retivenium

lower elevations lower men averaged 8 averaged men e certainly was certainly e f the hormonal the . A great deal great A . a b that be may R.lowii flowers 4 1/4 4 flowers inch (3.8cm) inch argest of the of argest resultofthe unopened e ses at stems h h plant the e was ies . From . not s he www.vireya.net There was, however, considerable variation in the size. This size. the in ove variation considerable however, was, There well been have must cup this of capacity The 11.5cm). x (12 by 5 measuring lid ovate an with wide (11.5cm) inches 1/2 4 and inch 9 cup a had specimen fine particularly One pitchers. large develo the t aids in flourish who parasites these periods cold and frosts of absence the doubt No a grubs by chewed badly very be to found often were flowers and Leaves mountain. the on collections our during observed widely was insects poi this at mentioned be should It habit of climbing in a vine-like vine-like a in climbing of habit of specimens many revealed Camp the of Exploration of growingaplantthatcoul across (30.5cm) inches i brought we ripened fully be to 12 appear not did p seed the though was The indicated opened. he and that secured flower was coloured This (7.6cm). inches 3 by (5.1cm) observ was tree magnolia a hut, outdoors the preferred and way" sa Goheen Dave ledge. wooden the on bag sleeping his spread and atm smoky the accepted Mossman Frank chimney. no had which hut, o in fire a making about set sisters his and Sopinggi sleeping. with hut tin-covered galvanized camp The feet. 8,900 at Camp Carson's at arrived we 1:30p.m. By an in state ofequilibrium. exist now insects and plants the and established been has collect seeds from several spikes of plants with large and show and large with plants of spikes several from seeds collect wer We stems. female and male separate on spikes as carried are pa flowering The forgotten. soon not is that sight a is cluster interest incredibly these of many see To clusters. in hang cups interesting Nepenthes ht e on o te onan Ti pat a very has plant This mountain. the on found we that d producesuchaflower. oet fw ude mte bhn Carson's behind metres hundred few a forest he mild climate. Some sort of sort Some climate. mild he anr no te vgtto a vegetation other into manner ed with a large seed pod measuri pod seed large a with ed under a poncho. Some distance b distance Some poncho. a under dr for n a or-oee lde for ledge board-covered a and floor dirt a t ht oeae o eee da severe to moderate that nt Nepenthes villosa Nepenthes , the largest and most and largest the , rts of the species the of rts Nepenthes ne corner of the of corner ne accommodation ing cups in one in cups ing es (23cm) long (23cm) es y cups. Also in Also cups. y t back in hope in back t d etn the letting nd 4 1/2 inches ng 2 inches 2 ng nd worms. nd ack of the the of ack apparent a quart. a r is an old an is mn of pment ae by mage e able to to able e osphere Even . d "no- id has a has ink- www.vireya.net Camp at 8,900 feet on up the mountain and mountain the up on feet 8,900 at Camp with reddish and orange foliage tints. Two shrubby shrubby Two tints. foliage orange and reddish with mount the on places interesting of one be to Camp Carson's around area the found we Altogether, r the in slopes. crevices to clinging bushes prostrate small as top the cons in found are rhododendrons these of specimens first our found we area, this colour when young. rose bright a are which leaves recurved leathery, with shrub small a one, and described completely have species the of Most Cave. Paka to climb the during seen be f 12,500 at mountain the on camp th to given been has Sayat-Sayat of name native its where peaks almost shrub small recurvum a as occurs latter The elevations. these at Camellias the to related flowers, of species rhododendr (including Ericaceae sp., the Dacrydium the As shrubs. large of 6 at camp assume many and the size in diminished trees the ascent, our left During We outdoors. dew-fall heavy a co under and sleeping wet was he because Goheen, abid and hut couldn't the he of interior because smoky Mossman, early. rose we 12, January On the sunfadeinto C Carson's at spent evening our forget we before time long a be visib became Sea China South the over Kinabalu Kota beyond west lifte day, the all all stretching everything vista amazing obscured had which clouds and fog the Vaccinium became smaller and the forest canopy more open, plants of plants open, more canopy forest the and smaller became South ChinaSea. were widespread and contributed and widespread were with smaller more numerous flower clusters abound clusters flower numerous more smaller with Quercus sp., Clethra sp., Phyllocladus sp., sp., Phyllocladus sp., Clethra sp., Quercus Ilex havilandii Ilex ain. Late in the afternoon, at a at afternoon, the in Late ain. way from the S.E. over the Sul the over S.E. the from way eet. Interestingly, many specie many Interestingly, eet. n) eae oe ueos S numerous. more became ons) ih ag sprt foes a flowers separate large with R.rugosum drbe rfso fo Ca from profusion iderable R.ericoides is found almost to the summit as summit the to almost found is and cia sp. Schima is found all the way to way the all found is a great deal of colour of deal great a R.ericoides bout 5:30p.m., bout to the summit the to amp watching amp s of holly can u Sea to the the to Sea u cy granite ocky d the shape the d ih white with e last trail trail last e ad an and d not been the most the . Both of Both . le. It will It le. :45a.m.. ld from from ld everal rson's the e and nd www.vireya.net w qie eakbe hddnrn ae lo on i ti regio this in found also are rhododendrons remarkable quite Two types ofrhododendronsandthoughtthecolourstobepinkish-re fo colour in difference much notice not did We cinnabar-red. as n pat a fud ih seeds. with found was plant one r some For flowers. but rhododendron anything being as long 1" to up flowers scarlet tubular the mistaking no twig the above set closely leaves lo, s ely n impr an really is bloom, bus struggling small to decreases n porse t te umt height summit the to progresses one fe 6 to 4 to up clumps shrubby in here flourishes rhododendron, acuminatum of leaves The prominent. quite reddis is midrib the both, In long. 12.7cm) to width (7.6 in inches (2.5cm) inch 1 about of leaves rugose green leaf dark in have mainly differed and similar quite be to appear species beca species rhododendron several prevalent. feet 10,000 and 9,000 Between hs pce, ee iil fr og itne a w progressed we as distances long mountain throughtheshrubby,inc for visible were species, this cr The long. inch 1 about leaves rou rather small, with plant robust a is This feet. 9,000 about R.ericoides for colours R.rugosum R.rugosum wih rfso Cre rgrs s h frms Kinabalu foremost the as regards Corner Professor which , rugosum taper to a sharp point. Professor Sleumer (3) describes the the describes (3) Sleumer Professor point. sharp a to taper as carmine-red or rarely rose-red and for and rose-red rarely or carmine-red as and R.acuminatum bbeapaig hddnrn ih need with rhododendron obable-appearing rugosum imson flowers, much longer than longer much flowers, imson hes less than 1 foot high. Thi high. foot 1 than less hes s similar to many others. In bloom, there is there bloom, In others. many to similar s reasingly heather-likevegetat eason, seed collection was difficult and only and difficult was collection seed eason, R.buxifolium , h saue f hs rugge this of stature the s, are rounded at the tip while those of those while tip the at rounded are were both collected here. These two here. collected both were ahr udny per at appears suddenly rather h-coloured and h-coloured s shrub, out of out shrub, s dd leathery nded, R.acuminatum ion. d. the leaves of leaves the hp. Both shape. tee two these r t ih As high. et y t 5 to 3 by plant d up the the up le-like me n.

www.vireya.net pushed up and these were obviously angle worm castings but of a size never size a of but castings worm angle obviously were these and up pushed peaty last the of some in feet t of bit interesting very One do trees manage togrowintheseprotect and areas protected in remained soil of patches Only melted. cap occur that flooding the to back traced tree-line. be can soil of lack This a create to seems elevation, than more even this, and rapidly out Cave, Paka above Just feet. 11,200 about at trail summit the on mou last the to next the Laban, Panar to pad landing helicopter n the past us took slopes open relatively through walk hour One first stepindeveloping perh seeds, rhododendron thrash and gather ab to was how Sopinggi Mossman show Frank and here, collected was form yellow-orange resting this for setting fine really a creates and cave the of over covering Water created. was t way a such in melted, ice-cap t when ago years 3000 about period the during probably boulder, not is It climbers. early hardy, s only the provided cave so-called this trail, summit the along w shelters and huts the Before mention. some deserves Cave Paka a nativeplanthunter! he Kinabalu fauna was observed at observed was fauna Kinabalu he hat a room some 10 by 12 feet under the rock the under feet 12 by 10 some room a hat ely cv bt h fl of fall the but cave a really ol Hr ad hr pls f at hd been had earth of piles there and Here soil. ed areasalmostto12,000feet. R. buxifolium R. many granite boulders forms a forms boulders granite many

red when the ice- the when red spot. hg granite huge a the soil thins soil the the for helter about 10,200 about ntain shelter ntain he Kinabalu he pool in front in pool ew hut and hut ew R.lowii ere built ere aps the the aps le to to le in a in www.vireya.net various bushes and trees so that Frank could see the motion and motion the see could Frank that so trees and bushes various to shouting by Finally rhododendron. thick- through vi struggling with of festooned hour trees evergreen an Over cabins. the from seen pcmn f w seis f h genus the of species two of specimen blooming one least at held crack every nearly slopes granite steep the on and pre became species white two Laban Panar neared we As bloom. in able still were we but trail summit the near collected heavily orchids Kinabalu of species 1000 than more the of Some orchids. sl granite steep and stark interestingthese One rocks. summit granite scarred glacier the just area below surrounding the in collecting and resting spent was afternoon the several of collection up brought all bunks metal and floors, wooden roofs, galvanized a is which Laban, Panar reached we After made. h Borneo on worms angle inch 40 to 30 of reports since immature in 18 measured creature This path. wormswasobserve the of one Finally U.S.A. western in observed siae cnor ee struck level contour estimated trail summit the up feet hundred several walked he see range, to close effort determined a in In huts. rhododendron the above red yards bright 200 perhaps a spotted Goheen Dave forest, protect scrub but steep a on huts Laban Panar the of east the to Just the triphomesowedidnothav the to headquarters from road the th them terrestrial among collected, were orchids several of these Seeds of orchids. places accessible cleared nearly has collecting Heavy c orchid the in them seen had but orchids, famou most two the of specimens any of hear even or see to able C.papillosa Paphiopedilum rothschildianum Paphiopedilum ptolti aurea Spathoglottis rw n bom rfsl a tee liue. ls w wr not were we Alas, altitudes. these at profusely bloom and grow hc ws omn n h epsd ak of banks exposed the on common was which e any Kinabalu orchids in our home collection. e anyKinabaluorchidsinourhome u SW t lct te tree-like the locate to S.W. out ps a te rwh n bom o bloom and growth the was opes ollection at the Singapore Bot Singapore the at ollection e ad rhd sil i not did still orchids and nes oe sain bt oeo we somehow but station, power hs 4c) n egh I was It length. in (46cm) ches Frank down at the cabins a cabins the at down Frank and Coelogyne Arachianum Both . , in bloom in the wild the in bloom in , to observe many many observe to C.exalata anic Gardens. Gardens. anic by helicopter, by

R.buxifolium d justoffthe ed slope of n a the at and have been have thus guide thus nd shaking nd feature of s Kinabalu s locate the the locate hs from this wonderful probably ave been ave us with huts dominant e ot in lost re yellow e growing white f bloom and

www.vireya.net instead ofthecleargoldenyello hn hs fo lwr elevations lower from those than of number a were (3475m) feet 11,400 at a high very a at spot protected surprisingly this in Also long. in 1/2 1 and across (2.5cm) inch 1 about flowers eight or seven bri dark a was truss The (MGM#4) plan regal this of limbs two climbing, arduous By metres). (9.1 a was height the and diameter in (20.3cm) inches 8 be to height obser we plant rhododendron largest h wy y hus te ln ws l was plant the shouts, by way the native when theplantswereshowntohim. the by named and ex in immediately name a write to able was Sopinggi observed and people, been had plants these Remarkably Magnolia sp.(atCarsonCamp) (MGM#12) Rubus fraxinifolius Leptospermum recurvum Schima brevifolia Nepenthes villosa Rhododendron retivenium Rhododendron suaveolens Rhododendron nervulosum Rhododendron lowii Rhododendron fallacinum Rhododendron ericoides Rhododendron crassifolium Rhododendron buxifolium Rhododendron brookeanum(MGM#14,15) plants wehadcollectedandobser for names native the about Sopinggi with language) sign (mostly "conversation" our was Laban Panar at time resting our of benefits the of One (MGM#21) (MGM#7) (Tree Strawberry) (MGM#2a,3,11a)

(MGM#13) (MGM#31,32) (MGM#30,17) (MGM#4) (MGM#18) (MGM#26) (MGM#16)

w ofthelowerelevations.

n te oor a a rgt or bright a was colour the and ved. Someofthesewere:

ctd Ti tre ot o be to out turned This ocated. k e o a ey la clu w colour clear very a of red ck

ved. The trunk was measured measured was trunk The ved.

Kedudungkong Kerabundu Sayat Tandas Kung Kuanga Bunga Lampai Gosing Turudoi Bunga Silau Kelintuhan Rampai Tagong Maropid Bunga Lampai R.lowii

. The flowers were smaller were flowers The .

ltitude, estimated ltitude, t were secured. were t t least 30 feet 30 least t ches (3.8cm) (3.8cm) ches some of the the of some cellent script cellent ange-yellow y a the far by at breast at t u to up ith www.vireya.net to be able to obtain cuttings. Further down the river trail, river the down Further cuttings. obtain to able be to pleased very were we and collected been rarely only had species This River. Liwagu the to down leading trail the by close soil in growing bush foot four a Ch South the over sun the of views wit dissipated, clouds the after evening, beautiful a Following be oneofthemostcommon Kinabalurhododendrons. t feet, 6,000 and 5,000 Between 20. to 15 from of truss loose a in borne are flowers scarlet to orange-scarlet The wide. 7.6cm) to (5.1 inches l 15.2cm) to (10.2 inches 6 to 4 leaves fleshy has species This epiphytic, and terrestrial both forms various in and plentiful R.nervulosum of plant blooming a station, power the from canyon deep a across feet; 6,500 the on trail the along collected i feet 6,500 to rangin up trails feet out 5,000 laid well along park the in area the explored Perpetual of "Land the in stay our of remainder the of much For desce the and The a.m. 6:15 14. at January started on headquarters park the to descent rapid night' good a by followed was Laban Panar at rest uneventful An deep. Espe sever walls vertical in summit the peaks. of east and north away falls north Gu Low's the called chasm all indescribable yawning, the revealing was impressive windless, and sunny was top w The fog. dense in was p.m. 12:30 at Laban Panar to return The metr (4,101 feet 13,455 at Peak Low's of top the reach to first Sopinggi clear. remained weather the and magnificent were views rugged the on started We climb. mor app We sun (56°F). 12°C was temperature Sunday the before Peak. Just cold. Low's and clear of bright, was summit 13, the January to climb strenuous final a what anyonesays,goingdownisv was found. The open truss of orange-red flowers was found on found was flowers orange-red of truss open The found. was attd. w adtoa rhodode additional Two altitude. n power station was reached at noon. at reached was station power but well-worked trail abovePan well-worked but iau ie i te ak n a on park the in River Liwagu were in high spirits and ready and spirits high in were astly easierthanclimbingup. ina Sea, we retired in order in retired we Sea, ina R.crassifolium es) at 10:50a.m. at es) was also found. found. also was al thousand feet thousand al to be rested for rested be to his appears to appears his

ar Laban.The spectacular h ong by 2 to 3 to 2 by ong fo about from g dos were ndrons eather at the at eather Spring", we Spring", to tackle the tackle to il t about at hill No matter No eared, the the eared, rs and rest s was the l which lly , rather , t was nt cially ning, www.vireya.net hs ak a t se bt e nbe o ec, ueos epiphyti numerous reach, to unable abov be more or but feet see, 50 rhododendrons to was walk this disappoint other One pests. unwelcome these found we where area This bodies! warm for lookout the on really were which leeches plant of plant op clearing native during felled been from had giants forest metres several hundred two About river. the from up country cross to back route easier an find to thinking and River the anything edg find not did but the park to up miles several road a of remnants the took Mossman magnifi the including brought byJustinJukiantot collected been have species this of forms Natio the for outside searching boundary River Mesilau the to made were side-trips Two R.brookeanum h rather rain the was only encountered, we but unrelenting, Not trip. whole the spent of we day rain, miserable heavy rather in River Liwagu the down Following od a itne f ehp 12 ie to a tuge f vr t over of struggle a took mile, 1/2 perhaps of distance a road, thi From log. a on lying left were regrettably, but, found were wer cuttings and photographed was This Rhododendron brookeanum Rhododendron wasseentelescopically,afterGoheenfoundfallencorollas. R.brookeanum he nationalparkheadquartersgard of note. Goheen struggled for ab for struggled Goheen note. of R. nervulosum R. at about 5,500 feet near the r the near feet 5,500 about at was found in a fork of one of these trees. these of one of fork a in found was . It is from this area that several fine fine several that area this from is It . te rud Oe especially One ground. the e e taken. Several mature s mature Several taken. e

s spot back to the the to back spot s the road, struck road, the erations, and a and erations, out 1/2 mile up mile 1/2 out iver, numerous iver, en. o or. A hours. wo s h only the is et plant cent ay and eavy eed pods eed h river, the a Park nal h only the e of the the of e et of ment fine c www.vireya.net the this, all through finally and was tangle the selection route careful a and these With in located clippers hand of set small a fortuitously, and panic self-lect of bit good a and rest, short A in. set panic of sort w and glasses eye both of loss unnoticed the following struggle t Midway impenetrable. almost was bush, wait-a-minute the named ha which palm spiny a and brush vines, berry of tangle fearsome primitive and beautiful region. primitive andbeautiful ne probably had they look we How before! Westerners that us told Chang Peter visitors. strange these see to out came shyly girls six and boys five of population resident then low in sale for produce taking or food gathering either absent, adu entire the visited, we When primitive. very is village This above hill a on situated village, mile seven about walked we there, vehic further prevented washout a until Rover Land by travelled to road the m the of side northwest the on trip, Melangkap upper of village Dusun first the On out. carried were collections no mad also were trips side scouting, less or more additional, Two collections ofcuttingsands prof their plants; numerous most especially rhododendrons, many observe Sleu by described River Mesilau the on u grotto rock prevented the mist locating and clouds and cooperative not was weather The ab to climbed (3), 1963 in Collinette Sheila and Sleumer Dr. by follo then, road the of end the tim this but station experiment the to returned we day next The back totheLandRover. the boundarybetweenunexplored .udainm a. cuneifolium var. R.quadrasianum R.brookeanum eeds weremadeinthisarea. wing a faint path perhaps that o that perhaps path faint a wing the South Kadamaian River. Th River. Kadamaian South the usion actually impeded our prog our impeded actually usion ed with envy at these children dw children these at envy with ed I pae, h rooedos ee the were rhododendrons the places, In . and exploredterritory. s along the trail used by the the by used trail the along s rnhs ee rupaty carried triumphantly were branches R.suaveolens, R.fallacinum, R.fallacinum, R.suaveolens, uring quieted the quieted uring lt population was population lt er villages. The villages. er a coat pocket. coat a riginally blazed riginally e walked up to up walked e out 6,900 feet. 6,900 out e but on these on but e le travel. From travel. le h primitive the natives to the to natives is river forms forms river is ress. Several ress. ater bottle, a bottle, ater surmounted mer. We did We mer. ountain, was ountain, s been nick- been s elling in this this in elling hrough the hrough e seen ver from s and

www.vireya.net have andtherestof collect des most the among ranked be will sample and,ofcourse,hisrequestwasgranted! found a picture of it in one of h of one in it of picture a found whic is in tamud fair The trading kilometres. a 50 actually about Kinabalu Kota from north Belud, Kota B the in Tamud famous the to made was trip sight-seeing Another for thenewspeciesthatmaythriveonthoseunspoiledridges! botanized. been never have these and cou rhododendrons for elevation optimum the at ridges and hills Gully, Low's of reaches lower the into up and river the Across many years, we hope to see the resu the see to hope we years, many coa west the on growers vireya six least shape. at to excellent distributed been in U.S. the in arrived seeds and cuttings The i saw chief were the When magnolia passed. were one rhododendrons the of of All leaves removed. the and vacciniums some Only inspected. wher Honolulu to then and Manila to Kong cuttings the carried Hong Goheen and Bangkok Singapore, in research botanic additional sig tourist-type for Kinabalu Kota left Mossman Doris and Frank remo damage insect or disease of pr in washed, were Cuttings spent U.S. the to were return for seeds days and cuttings two last Our Kinabalu. Kota to Rover Land an mountain the to farewell reluctant a bade we this, Following the islandofBorneohasforsale. about just buy can one Here affair. joyous and noisy colourful, bagged inpolythenefortrans R.ericoides h cud o blee t a a hddnrn u we he when but rhododendron a was it believe not could he , portation totheU.S. is reference books, he asked if he could keep a keep could he if asked he books, reference is ed specieswillnotbe far behi al f h ntv pols take peoples native the of all h e, rae wt fniie la fungicide, with treated ved, irable rhododendrons for any c any for rhododendrons irable lts of our efforts in bloom. in efforts our of lts We vowed to return someday return to vowed We nd. several wooded several Surely, anything that anything st. Before too too Before st. ht-seeing and ht-seeing d returned by returned d at I i a is It part. all evidence all ajau town of town ajau e they were they e d e seen be ld hy have They eld and belled ollector to to ollector and look and nspector eparing Dave . R.lowii

www.vireya.net lull inthemonsoons. MGM#2a mature seed more Also, mountain. the on weather clear for chance best the for February or January in visit your Plan 1. we offerthesesuggestions: beaut this see and visit to desire who any to report final a As 3.0 to5.5wereused. wi papers pHydrion feet. 5,000 above 4 to 3 of pH a with debris r and moss in grow rhododendrons terrestrial and epiphytic Both MGM11a 1/11/80. MGM#7 MGM#5 Laban. Cuttings,seedandpollen. MGM#4 orange flowers MGM#3 MGM#1 Mount KinabaluSeed,Pollen,andCuttings. Sabah, Malaysiawellinadvanceo K 626 Box P.O. Park, National Kinabalu Director, the Contact 4. and adequate are These chalets. park the excellent hikingheadquarters. of one rent to Plan 3. the journeybyproceedingataleisurelypace. make can health good reasonably in Anyone trail. summit the climb to Plan 2. Goheen 1/12/80. R.lowii R.lowii R.stenophyllum Nepenthes villosa Nepenthes R.rugosum R.buxifolium R.lowii R.lowii seed. 10,800 ft. Paka Cave three clones. 1/1/80matureseed; seed. 10,800ft.PakaCavethree pollenandcuttings.Deepyellow,4"flowers. pollen.Orange,11,400 ft.Panar seed.10,900ft.Deeproseredflowers. pollen.11,400ft25tree,6-8"diametertrunk. Panar seedandcuttings7800ft.Mt.Kinabalu1/14/80 8,900ft.CarsonCamp,extralargepitcher. of the rhododendrons will be in blo in be will rhododendrons the of f thetripifanycollectingi

LabancollectedbyDave s tobedone. iful national park national iful om during this during om otting organic otting ota Kinabalu, ota th a range of make www.vireya.net MGM#21 Ridge. MGM#13 to Sopinggi. 2. FrankDoleshy-QuarterlyBu Society Monograph1978p.113. 7,200 ft. MGM#32 ft. MGM#31 MGM#18 Power Stationroad. MGM#14 crack. 12"ancientdwarf,ripeseed. MGM#12 Magnoliaspeciesseed.Car 3. Dr.H.Sleumer-Jahrbuch 1. E.J.H.Corner-ThePlantLif References. MGM#30 MGM#26 organs. PanarLabanarea. MGM#19 excellent. Cuttings,pollen. MGM#17 MGM#16 MGM#15 Goheen. R.ericoides R.retivenium R.retivenium R.fallacinum R.nervulosum wallichi Schima var.cuneifolium R.quadrasianum R.suaveolens R.fallacinum R.crassifolium R.brookeanum R.brookeanum

The AmericanRhododendron Society seed.12,500ftaboveSayat-Sayat,growingingranite Reproduced bykindpermission of seed6,300ft.OnridgeaboveMesilauRiver pollenandcuttings.51flowerspertruss.5,800ft. pollenandcuttings.Medium-sizeflower,green-yellow. pollenandcuttings.Large . Mixture,SummitRoadandMesilauRiver-both cuttings.LiwaguRiver6,300ft. pollenandcuttings.PowerS pollen.JustinJulianform.1/20/80. pollenandcuttings.MesilauRiverc.w.byDave seed.Purplenewgrowth;whiteflowerswithyellow 1965 derRhododendron-Gesellschaft, e in"Kinabalu,SummitofBorne lletin ARS,Vol.31,No.2,pp.70- © A.R.S. son Camp.Largepinkflowerac

cuttings.6,000ft.MesilauRiver

flower,deepyellow.7,200 tation trail.1/17/80.

o". Sabah 82, 1977. Bremen. cording www.vireya.net