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12Th International Conference on Thai Studies Thailand in the World SYDNEY SOUTHEAST ASIA CENTRE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THAI STUDIES THAILAND IN THE WORLD CONFERENCE PROGRAM 22 – 24 APRIL 2014 1 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THAI STUDIES THAILAND IN THE WORLD UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY 22-24 APRIL 2014 The 12th International Conference on Thai Studies (ICTS12) is hosted and supported by the Sydney Southeast Asia Centre, University of Sydney. The Conference is also supported by the Australian Government through the Australia-Thailand Institute of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 2 Contents 2 Welcomes 3 Welcome by ICTS12 Organising Committee 3 Welcome by Australia-Thailand Institute chair 4 Welcome by SSEAC Director 5 Background and introduction to the conference 6 Background to the International Conference on Thai Studies 6 The University of Sydney 7 Sydney Southeast Asia Centre and SSEAC’s engagement in Thailand 8 Conference maps 11 Sydney Map 11 University Map 11 Conference Venue 12 Acknowledgements 14 Conference schedule at a glance 16 Summary table of conference program 17 Full conference program 18 Keynote speakers 50 Thailand in Australia Forum 55 Pre-organised panels 56 List of roundtables 86 Paper abstracts 93 3 WELCOMES WELCOME BY ICTS12 ORGANISING COMMITTEE On behalf of the Organising Committee of the 12th International Conference on Thai Studies (ICTS12), it is my pleasure to welcome all delegates to the University of Sydney. ITCS12 is occurring at a very significant and challenging moment in Thailand’s social and political history. Now more than ever before, there is a need to build shared understandings in the areas our conference is addressing, including: Thai society, politics, history, economy, culture, environment, and many others. There is also a pressing need that such understandings are based on lively and courteous discussion and debate of the more contentious issues, drawing on sound reasoning and well-documented evidence. Our ambition for ICTS12 is that it provides a space at which many different disciplines, national perspectives, points of view and topics are brought to the table. We hope that the resulting engagement brings academic rigour to the analysis of diverse issues which will have a broader impact beyond the duration of the conference. Your contribution to this conversation matters, and we look forward to your input. For those who are visiting Sydney and perhaps Australia for the first time, it is our wish that your stay here is enjoyable as well as interesting. For all delegates, we hope that the rich and diverse academic and social program on offer lives up to expectations, provides an opportunity for intellectual exchange inside and beyond the conference rooms, and that it also serves as an opportunity to renew old friendships and make new ones. Professor Philip Hirsch Chair, ICTS12 Organising Committee ICTS12 Committee members: Dr Susan Banki Ms Tamerlaine Beasley Dr Gavan Butler (Academic Program convener) Professor John Clark Dr Thushara Dibley Dr Robert Fisher Dr Justin Hastings Dr Holly High Dr Soimart Rungmanee (Coordinator of Conference Secretariat) Professor Adrian Vickers 4 WELCOME BY CHAIR OF THE AUSTRALIA-THAILAND INSTITUTE BOARD On behalf of the Australia-Thailand Institute, I am pleased and proud to welcome Thai, Australian and international delegates to the 12th International Conference on Thai Studies (ICTS12) at the University of Sydney. Australia and Thailand have enjoyed longstanding and vibrant connections over more than 60 years of formal diplomatic relations. Our nations work together closely across a broad range of areas of mutual interest, including law enforcement, education, security, disaster management, tourism and trade. Australia's trade and economic relationship with Thailand has grown strongly since the entry into force of the Thailand-Australia Free Trade Agreement (TAFTA) on 1 January 2005. Thailand is now Australia's eighth-largest trading partner measured by two-way trade and our second-largest in ASEAN. Australia is also Thailand’s eighth-largest trading partner. For many years, the Australia-Thailand Institute has funded activities that strengthen understanding and friendship between the peoples of Australia and Thailand. Our exchange programs have forged new pathways for bilateral cooperation in education in particular. For example, through the Institute’s landmark ‘Discover Thailand’ scholarships program with Universities Australia, we fund young Australian scholars to undertake language study and research in Thailand, providing direct support for the future of Australian academic excellence in Thai Studies. We congratulate the University of Sydney and the organisers of the Twelfth International Conference on Thai Studies on what promises to be a stimulating and fascinating discussion with one of Australia’s most significant and dynamic partners in the Asia-Pacific region. Mike Courtnall Chair, Australia-Thailand Institute 5 WELCOME BY SSEAC DIRECTOR The Sydney Southeast Asia Centre (SSEAC) is delighted to welcome you to the University of Sydney for the 12th International Conference on Thai Studies (ICTS12). This conference is the culmination of over two years of hard work by the organising committee, and represents one of SSEAC’s major scholarly initiatives since its inception in 2012. The Centre, which brings together over 230 academics from across the university, encourages interdisciplinary engagement with Southeast Asia. We are delighted to see that ICTS12 reflects a broad interest in Thailand across disciplines ranging from linguistics, political science, health and beyond. We hope that this interdisciplinary engagement with Thailand opens doors for new research collaborations between scholars from Thailand, Australia and around the world. Professor Michele Ford Director, Sydney Southeast Asia Centre 6 BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION TO THE CONFERENCE BACKGROUND TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THAI STUDIES The International Conference on Thai Studies (ICTS) has been held every three years since 1981. The first ICTS was a relatively small event, held at the University of Delhi. In 1984, a much larger conference was hosted by Chulalongkorn University and held at the Ambassador Hotel in Bangkok, at a time when the issue of Thai democracy was a hot topic – in part following the marking of half a century since the end of the absolute monarchy, and in part because of the opening up of society, scholarship and politics after the clampdown of the late 1970s. 1987 saw ICTS move to Australia, and one of the hallmarks of this conference was its inclusion of the wider Tai realm, a theme that was continued with its hosting in Kunming in 1990 and at SOAS in London in 1993. The conference moved back to Thailand in 1996 and achieved its largest ever attendance at Chiang Mai University. It was hosted in Europe again in 1999, at University of Amsterdam, at a conference where many civil society issues were aired, including pressing land rights questions. In 2002 the conference was hosted in Isan, and in 2005 moved to North America for the first time, at Northern Illinois University in De Kalb. 2008 and 2011 saw the conference back in Bangkok, at Thammasat and Mahidol respectively. The hosting of this year’s ICTS at the University of Sydney marks the first time that the conference is being held outside Thailand in a city with a large Thai presence – hence our theme, “Thailand in the World”. ICTS YEAR HOSTING INSTITUTION VENUE 1 1981 University of Delhi New Delhi, India 2 1984 Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand 3 1987 Australian National University Canberra, Australia 4 1990 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies Kunming, China 5 1993 SOAS, University of London London, UK 6 1996 Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai, Thailand 7 1999 University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, the Netherlands 8 2002 Ramkhamhaeng University Nakhon Phanom, Thailand 9 2005 Northern Illinois University DeKalb, Illinois, USA 10 2008 Thammasat University Bangkok, Thailand 11 2011 Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand 12 2014 University of Sydney Sydney, Australia 13 2017 To be announced at ICTS12 closing session 24 April 2014 7 THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY The University of Sydney combines the best of old and new. Combining the elegance of sandstone with new state of the art buildings, steeped in history and engaging with issues of today’s world, it is recognised as one of the leading international universities of the 21st century. Today it is a comprehensive teaching and research university committed to the transformative power of education and to fostering greater knowledge and understanding of the world and its people. The University’s aim is to enable the brightest researchers and the most promising students, whatever their social or cultural background, to thrive and realise their full potential, to benefit both Australia and the wider world. Students come to Sydney from 145 different countries, studying across 16 faculties that provide the broadest range of subjects of any Australian university. Our researchers are tackling the modern world’s most complex and pressing problems. For example, the Sydney Southeast Asia Centre brings together over 230 researchers across many disciplines to engage with the countries in our nearest region, addressing such challenges as food security, disability policy, female entrepreneurship and child and maternal health. Sydney was the first university to be established in Australia, founded in 1850 on a belief that education could change society. It has a strong claim to being the first university in the world to admit students purely on the basis of academic merit. In the 1880s, it was also one of the first universities to admit women on the same basis as men. The modern University of Sydney is a cosmopolitan institution, close to the heart of Australia’s biggest and most vibrant city. It has more than 50,000 students, almost 3500 academic staff and 270,000 alumni around the world. Our graduates have made a difference and improved lives worldwide across all fields of human endeavour, from politics to medicine, the arts and information technology. The University of Sydney has a strong international profile and was placed in the top 40 in the 2013-14 QS World University Rankings.
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