The Memoirs of Count Grammont
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Anglo-Dutch Relations, a Political and Diplomatic Analysis of the Years
1 ANGLO-DUTCH RELATIONS A Political and Diplomatic Analysis of the years 1625-1642 ’’Nations have no permanent friends or allies, they only have permanent interests’’ Lord Palmerston Britain’s Prime Minister 1855 and 1859-65 Anton Poot, M.A. Royal Holloway University of London March 2013 Supervised by Professor Pauline Croft, MA (Oxon) DPhil. FSA FRHistS, to be submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Declaration: I hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis, ANGLO-DUTCH RELATIONS A Political and Diplomatic Analysis of the years 1625-1642 is my own. Signed: Name: Anton Poot Date: 2013 For my wife Jesmond 2 ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to analyse Anglo-Dutch relations in this highly volatile period, as perceived and interpreted by both sides, and it also closes the gap between the notable theses of Grayson1 and Groenveld2. On 23 August 1625 Charles I and the Dutch Republic concluded a partnership agreement for joint warfare at sea and a month later a treaty for war against Spain. In December 1625 England, Denmark and the Republic signed treaties to establish the nucleus of an alliance against the Austrian Habsburgs. Charles wanted an active role in continental politics. Also to compel Spain to support his aim to restore his exiled sister Elizabeth and husband Count Elector Frederick V to their Palatinate estates and Frederick to his Electoral dignities in the Empire. The Dutch wanted England as an active partner in their war with Spain. It was a partnership of convenience, with different objectives but with the intention that success would serve the interests of both. -
Richelieu's Army: War, Government and Society in France, 1624–1642
Richelieu's Army: War, Government and Society in France, 1624–1642 DAVID PARROTT CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Richelieu's Army War, Government and Society in France, 1624±1642 The conduct of European war on an unprecedented scale is central to an understanding of the ministry of Richelieu (1624±42), and there has been no previous study of the French army during this period. This book provides a detailed account of the organization of the army, and examines the challenges posed by war to government and society in a period associated with the creation of the `absolutist state'. By making extensive use of archival material, the study cuts through myths concerning military and administrative evolution, and confronts typical assumptions about progressive centralization and more effective control of the war-effort by the crown and its agents. Although the European war imposed huge burdens upon the French people, Richelieu's ministry struggled to control the army through traditional administrative and ®nancial mechanisms. Far from strengthening the absolutist authority of government, the waging of war eroded the ministry's control over army of®cers and troops and incited tensions between soldiers and civilians across French society which in turn contributed to the undermining of existing structures of authority and control. The book also makes an original and sceptical contribution to the debate about a `military revolution' in early modern Europe by examining the conduct of war in early seventeenth- century France. In addition, it seeks to contextualize the inadequacy of the war-effort during Richelieu's ministry by providing a view of the military context of French foreign policy after 1625 which challenges many of the orthodoxies about Richelieu's aims and objectives in involving France in the Thirty Years War. -
The WORKS of VOLTAIRE
The WORKS of VOLTAIRE "Edween two servants of Humanzty, wlto appea,.ed e;gltteen Itundred years apa,.t, Iltere is a myste,.ious relation. * * * * Let us say it witlt a sentiment of profound ,.espect: JESUS WEPT: VOLTAIRE SMILED. Of tltat divine tear and oj Iltat Ituman smile is composed tlte sweetness of tlte p,.esent civilization ." VICTOR HUGO. College of Du Page Instructional Resources Center GleR EIIYD, Illinois ~ Presented by Mr. & Mrs. Henry A. Diekmann A CRITIQVE. 8 BIOGRAPHY lOY ()!'IE. HVNDRED &'DlX\Y-EIGHT DESIGNS, COMPRISING R(PRODVCTION5 OF RARE OLD ENGRAVING 5, 51UL PLl~TE~. PHO- TOGRAVuRE'",,_~o~~o~~~o& CURIOUS FAC-SIMILEa. o1J[MlLt~~~ll~W\I!llJ\kY) 0 INSTRUCTIONAl RESOURCES CENTER COllEGE OF DU PAGE CoPYRIGHT, 1901, By E. R. DuMoNT OwHED BY TAB ST. HUBERT GUILD tilaw YORK , VOLTAIRE AGE OF LOUIS XIV. VOL. XII-PART I CONTENTS AGE OF LOUIS XIV. CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION 5 I. THE STATE OF EUROPE BEFORE LOUIS XIV. II. VICTORIES OF THE FRENCH III. THE CIVIL WAR IV. THE CIVIL WAR UNTIL 1654 v. DEATH OF CARDINAL MAZARIN 75 VI. LOUIS XIV. GOVERNS ALONE 106 VII. THE CONQUEST OF FLANDERS 120 VIII. PEACE OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE IX. MAGNIFICENCE OF LOUIS XIV. X. HOLLAND EVACUATED . XI. DEATH OF MARSHAL TURENNE XII. THE PEACE OF NIMEGUEN XIII. THE TAKING OF STRASBURG XIV. JAMES II. OF ENGLAND DETHRONED 223 XV. EUROPE UNTIL 1697 XVI. THE TREATY WITH SAVOY LIST OF PLATES PART I P.6.0B VOLTAIRE • Frontispiece LOUIS XIV. JEAN BAPTISTE COLBERT INTRODUCTION TO THE AGE OF LOUIS XIV. -
ABSTRACT the Ideal World of Edmond Rostand's Cyrano De
ABSTRACT The Ideal World of Edmond Rostand’s Cyrano de Bergerac: A Director’s Approach Traci Elizabeth Ledford, M.F.A. Thesis Chairperson: Marion D. Castleberry, Ph.D. Edmond Rostand wrote Cyrano de Bergerac during a time when realism was beginning to assert its dominance over French theatre. Rostand’s masterpiece, with its neo-Romantic attributes, is often perceived as a reaction against the new theatrical movement as well as a celebration of France’s history. The play’s enduring popularity can be attributed to its emphasis on the ideal exemplified in the dynamic and heroic title character. This director’s approach to Cyrano de Bergerac examines the history behind the play including the playwright’s life, work, sources for the play, and its importance in fin- de-siècle France. A thorough analysis of the script and genre helps to initiate dialogues with designers about directorial concepts and helps to guide actors through a production style that supports the text. This study also includes the artistic challenges, concepts, and decisions that shaped choices for the play before concluding with a critical examination of the final product. The Ideal World of Edmond Rostand’s Cyrano de Bergerac: A Director’s Approach by Traci Elizabeth Ledford, B.F.A. A Thesis Approved by the Department of Theater Arts ___________________________________ Stan C. Denman, Ph.D., Chairperson Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Baylor University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Fine Arts Approved by the Thesis Committee _________________________________ _____________________________ Marion D. Castleberry, Ph.D., Chairperson Stan C. -
War -- Reshaped All Other Kinds of Struggle in Seventeenth-Century France
HOW ONE KIND OF STRUGGLE -- WAR -- RESHAPED ALL OTHER KINDS OF STRUGGLE IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY FRANCE Charles Tilly University of Michigan August 198 1 CRSO WORKING PAPER NO. 241 Copies available through: Center for Research on Social Organization University of Michigan . 330 Packard Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 CONTENTS War and Pacification under Louis Xlll Internal Enemies . :The ,Prevalence of War Extracting the Means of War tlow One Kind of S.ruggle -- War -- Reshaped All Other War and Contention Kinds of Ztruggle in Scventeenth-Century France Resistance to Extraction ll~ternalUrar Seventeenth-Century Repertoires The Fronde Charles Tilly Divide and Conquer, Conquer and Divide University of Michigan August 1981 How Rrbellions Happened So-Called Reformed Religion and its nefenders A Fateful Century References How One Kind of Struggle -- War -- Reshaped All Other Kinds of Struggle in Seventeenth-Century France Charles Tilly University of Michigan August 198 1 CONTENTS Page War and Pacification under Louis XI11 1 Internal Enemies 4 The Prevalence of War 10 Extracting the Means of War 17 War and Contention 22 Resistance to Extraction 2 5 Internal War 3 3 Seventeenth-Century Repertoires 3 4 The Fronde 39 Divide and Conquer, Conquer and Divide 45 How Rebellions Happened 48 So-Called Reformed Religion and its Defenders 55 A Fateful Century 6 1 References 6 4 War and Pacification under Louis XI11 Poets are not prophets. In the fall of 1622, while Louis XI11 was busy crushing the Protestant lords of Languedoc, ~hgo~hilede Viau thought it politic to write the king these lines: Young, victorious monarch Whose glorious exploits Have made the gods jealous And the Fates afraid What more do you want from destiny? You've punished enough rebels. -
Cyrano De Bergerac by EDMOND ROSTAND Adapted and Directed by JOSEPH HAJ PLAY GUIDE Inside
McGuire Proscenium Stage / March 16 – May 5, 2019 Cyrano de Bergerac by EDMOND ROSTAND adapted and directed by JOSEPH HAJ PLAY GUIDE Inside THE PLAY Synopsis, Setting and Characters • 4 Responses to Cyrano de Bergerac • 5 THE AUTHOR Edmond Rostand • 7 About Cyrano de Bergerac • 8 CULTURAL CONTEXT Characters Based on Real People • 9 It Sings of Gascony • 11 Précieuses • 12 The Thirty Years’ War • 13 People, Places and Things in the Play • 15 BUILDING THE PRODUCTION From the Director and Creative Team • 19 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION For Further Reading and Understanding • 21 Play guides are made possible by Guthrie Theater Play Guide Copyright 2019 DRAMATURG Carla Steen GRAPHIC DESIGNER Akemi Graves CONTRIBUTOR Carla Steen Guthrie Theater, 818 South 2nd Street, Minneapolis, MN 55415 All rights reserved. With the exception of classroom use by teachers and individual personal use, no part of this Play Guide ADMINISTRATION 612.225.6000 may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic BOX OFFICE 612.377.2224 or 1.877.44.STAGE (toll-free) or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by an information storage and retrieval system, without permission in guthrietheater.org • Joseph Haj, artistic director writing from the publishers. Some materials published herein are written especially for our Guide. Others are reprinted by permission of their publishers. The Guthrie Theater receives support from the National The Guthrie creates transformative theater experiences that ignite the imagination, Endowment for the Arts. This activity is made possible in part by the Minnesota State Arts Board, through an appropriation stir the heart, open the mind and build community through the illumination of our by the Minnesota State Legislature. -
Gustavus Adolphus
Great Captains GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS A HISTORY OF THE ART OF WAR FROM ITS RE VIVAL AFTER THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE END OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION WAR, WITH A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF THE CAMPAIGNS OF THE GREAT SWEDE, AND OF THE MOST FAMOUS CAMPAIGNS OF TURENNE, CONDE, EUGENE, AND MARLBOROUGH. WITH 2S7 CHARTS, MAPS, PLANS OF BATTLES AND TACTICAL MANOEUVRES, CUTS OF UNIFORMS, ARMS, AND WEAPONS BY THEODORE AYRAULT DODGE BREVET LIEUTENANT-COLONEL UNITED STATES ARMY, RETIRED LIST J AUTHOR OF " THB CAMPAIGN OF CHANCELLORSVILLE," '*A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF OUR CIVIL WAR," " PATROCLUS AND PENELOPE. A CHAT IN THE SADDLE/' " GREAT CAP TAINS," "ALEXANDER," " HANNIBAL," " C<ESAR," ETC, ETC, IN TWO VOLUMES —VOLUME II. BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY The Riverside Press, Cambridge G 31 tv Copyright, 1890, BY THEODORE AYRAULT DODGE. All rights reserved. FOURTH IMPRESSION TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER FAGS XXXIII. CROMWELL. 1642-1651 421 XXXIV. TURENNE. 1634 TO AUGUST, 1644. 437 XXXV. CONDE AT ROCROY. MAY 19, 1643 . .450 XXXVI. FREIBURG. AUGUST, 1644 458 XXXVII. MERGENTHEIM. MAY 5, 1645 468 XXXVIII. ALLERHEIM. AUGUST 5, 1645 .... 478 XXXIX. CONDE AT DUNKIRK. SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER, 1646 488 XL. TURENNE AND WRANGEL. 1646-1647 ... 497 XLI. THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR ENDS. 1648 . .507 XLII. CONDE AGAINST TURENNE. 1650-1656 ... 519 XLIII. ARRAS AND VALENCIENNES. 1654-1656 . 540 XLIV. DUNKIRK. THE BATTLE OF THE DUNES, 1657. MAY AND JUNE, 1658 553 XLV. ARMY ORGANIZATION AND TACTICS EARLY SEVEN TEENTH TO EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY . 569 XLVI. TURENNE IN HOLLAND. 1672 .... 582 XLVII. MONTECUCULI. 1673 592 XLVIII. SENEF, AUGUST 11, AND SINSHEIM, JUNE 16, 1674 602 XUX. -
Playbook Use the Following Informa- Tion
Under the Lily Banners 1 PLAY BOOK Table of Contents All Scenarios .................................................................. 2 Historical Notes .............................................................. 35 Rocroi .......................................................................... 3 The French in the Thirty Years War Freiburg im Breisgau...................................................... 11 and Literature ................................................................. 38 Scenario 1: Schönberg ........................................... 13 Game Tactics .................................................................. 39 Scenario 2: Josephsbergle ...................................... 16 Mergentheim Playthrough.............................................. 40 Mergentheim ................................................................. 19 General Designer’s Notes .............................................. 46 Alerheim ......................................................................... 22 Bibliography ................................................................... 47 Lens .......................................................................... 28 Notes on Specific Battles ............................................... 48 GMT Games, LLC 0504 © 2005 GMT Games, LLC 2 Under the Lily Banners This Accursed Civil War: All Scenarios: I/Bard (double infantry unit), II/Bard (single infantry unit). All scenarios throughout this Playbook use the following informa- tion. Sweden Fights On (all double infantry units): -
The Aneurin Great War Project: Timeline Part 4 - the Religious Civil Wars, 1603 to 1661
The Aneurin Great War Project: Timeline Part 4 - The Religious Civil Wars, 1603 to 1661 Copyright Notice: This material was written and published in Wales by Derek J. Smith (Chartered Engineer). It forms part of a multifile e-learning resource, and subject only to acknowledging Derek J. Smith's rights under international copyright law to be identified as author may be freely downloaded and printed off in single complete copies solely for the purposes of private study and/or review. Commercial exploitation rights are reserved. The remote hyperlinks have been selected for the academic appropriacy of their contents; they were free of offensive and litigious content when selected, and will be periodically checked to have remained so. Copyright © 2013-2021, Derek J. Smith. First published 09:00 BST 9th October 2013. This version 09:00 GMT 20th January 2021 [BUT UNDER CONSTANT EXTENSION AND CORRECTION, SO CHECK AGAIN SOON] This timeline supports the Aneurin series of interdisciplinary scientific reflections on why the Great War failed so singularly in its bid to be The War to End all Wars. It presents actual or best-guess historical event and introduces theoretical issues of cognitive science as they become relevant. UPWARD Author's Home Page Project Aneurin, Scope and Aims Master References List BACKWARD IN TIME Part 1 - (Ape)men at War, Prehistory to 730 Part 2 - Royal Wars (Without Gunpowder), 731 to 1272 Part 3 - Royal Wars (With Gunpowder), 1273-1602 FORWARD IN TIME Part 5 - Imperial Wars, 1662-1763 Part 6 - The Georgian Wars, 1764-1815 -
Memoirs of Sir Andrew Melvill Translated from the French, and the Wars of the Seventeenth Century by Torick Ameer-Ali with a Foreword by Sir Ian Hamilton
14- "m b •8 AS QJarnBll Hwioerattjj ffiihratg Jlt^aca, Slew fock BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE 1891 Cornell University Library D 224.8.M53A5 1918 Memoirs of Sir Andrew Meivii^^ 3 1924 027 990 971 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924027990971 MEMOIRS OF SIR ANDREW. MELVILL I'LAN 111' THIC SIEGE OK VI'KliS, n\\!^ MEMOIRS OF SIR ANDREW MELVILL TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH, AND THE WARS OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY BY TORICK AMEER-ALI WITH A FOREWORD BY SIR IAN HAMILTON LONDON: JOHN LANE, THE BODLEY HEAD MCMXVIII NEW YORK : JOHN LANE COMPANY. WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, tlHIIID, LONDON AMD BUCCLKS. ENGLAND MEMOIRES DE MONSIEUR LE CHEVALIER D E MELVILL GENERAL MAJOR des Troupes de S. A. S. Monfeigtieur le Due de Ce l l, & Grand Baillif du Comtc de Gifbrn. A AMSTERDAM, Chez JAQ^UES Desbordes, ris-a-vis la giandc Porte dc la Boaife. M. D C C 1 V. FACSIMILE OF ORIGINAL TITLE-PAGE CONTENTS PASS Foreword by Sir Ian Hamilton . ix Introduction 3 PART I The Wars of the Seventeenth Century : Outline 15 PART II Memoirs of Sir Andrew Melvill .... 65 PART III The Wars : Detail and Corroboration . • S17 Appendix 287 Index 293 ; LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS VACIMG FACB Plan of the Siege of Ypres, 1648 . Frontispiece Lens under Siege, 16+8 80 dixmude in the seventeenth century . -
VAUBAN!S SIEGE LEGACY in the WAR of the SPANISH SUCCESSION, 170241712 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requi
VAUBAN’S SIEGE LEGACY IN THE WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION, 1702-1712 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jamel M. Ostwald, M.A. The Ohio State University 2002 Approved by Dissertation Committee: Professor John Rule, Co-Adviser Co-Adviser Professor John Guilmartin, Jr., Co-Adviser Department of History Professor Geoffrey Parker Professor John Lynn Co-Adviser Department of History ABSTRACT Over the course of Louis XIV’s fifty-four year reign (1661-1715), Western Europe witnessed thirty-six years of conflict. Siege warfare figures significantly in this accounting, for extended sieges quickly consumed short campaign seasons and prevented decisive victory. The resulting prolongation of wars and the cost of besieging dozens of fortresses with tens of thousands of men forced “fiscal- military” states to continue to elevate short-term financial considerations above long-term political reforms; Louis’s wars consumed 75% or more of the annual royal budget. Historians of 17th century Europe credit one French engineer – Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban – with significantly reducing these costs by toppling the impregnability of 16th century artillery fortresses. Vauban perfected and promoted an efficient siege, a “scientific” method of capturing towns that minimized a besieger’s casualties, delays and expenses, while also sparing the town’s civilian populace. How thoroughly Vauban’s siege legacy was accepted by the end of Louis’s reign is the focus of this study. A quantitative survey of the 115 sieges in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) places the anecdotally-based conventional wisdom on a more sure footing by setting Vauban’s offensive revolution in a broader chronological context. -
The Spanish Habsburgs and Their Irish Soldiers (1587-1700) by Moisés Enrique Rodríguez
The Spanish Habsburgs and their Irish Soldiers (1587-1700) By Moisés Enrique Rodríguez In 1516, Ferdinand II of Aragon (better known as Ferdinand 'The Catholic') died, and the Spanish crown passed to his grandson, who ascended to the throne as King Charles I. He is better known as Charles V, since this was the title by which he reigned as Holy Roman Emperor. Born in Ghent in 1500, the young man was brought up in the Netherlands and only arrived in Spain at the age of 17. As the son of Joanna 'The Mad', the daughter of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, Charles inherited not only the Spanish kingdoms but also their overseas empires. Castile brought with it the colonies of South and Central America, and Aragon the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Naples. As the son of Philip 'The Handsome' (his Habsburg father who had died in 1506), he was already the ruler of the Burgundian territories: The Netherlands (spanning present-day Holland, Belgium and northern France) and the Franche-Comté (covering areas of present- day France and Switzerland). In 1519, upon the death of his paternal grandfather, Maximilian I, Charles inherited the Holy Roman Empire (present-day Germany and adjacent territories in Central and Eastern Europe). During the subsequent forty years, the King-Emperor fought wars against the Turks, the French, the Protestant Princes of Germany and other enemies, and turned Spain into the leader of the Counter-Reformation. These policies continued under his successors. Exhausted by his immense responsibilities, Charles abdicated in 1556 and died two years later.