The Evolution of Special Operations Forces in US
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Study Guid E
Year: 5 Subject: RE Unit of Study: Sikhism Linked Literature: We are Sikhs/My Sikh Faith or Ada Twist, Scientist by Andrea Beaty Special people in the Sikh Who are Sikhs? Special books in Sikhism Sikh places of worship Sikh family life Sikh celebrations faith Vocabulary I need to know: I need to do: Prior knowledge: Sikhism is a monotheistic religion because they believe in only one God Describe the key teachings and beliefs of Different religions have different be- Sikh Means disciple in Punjabi (Waheguru) who created the world and that different religions are all paths to this a religion, explaining how they shape the liefs and practises lives of individuals and contribute to Disciple Follower of God same God. It is one of the world’s youngest religions, founded about 500 years ago, in 1499, by Guru Nanak in the Punjab, Northern India. It is the fifth largest religion society. Some religious beliefs and practises Waheguru Wonderful lord or God in the world with over 20 million followers. People who follow Sikhism are called Explain practises and lifestyles associated with belonging to a faith. are similar across religions Cycle of many lives - rebirth of a soul in Sikhs. The word Sikh means ‘disciple’ in Punjabi. Sikhs are the disciples of God Reincarnation another body who follow the writings and teachings of the Ten Sikh Gurus. Devotion to God Explain some of the different ways indi- should be shown daily by meditating, praying and following the core beliefs, as well viduals show their beliefs. Religions have different place of wor- Released from the cycle of rebirth impelled by Explain own ideas about ‘tricky’ ques- ship, special (holy) books and tradi- Mukti/moksha the law of karma as behaving in a manner that creates good karma. -
Blue Light: America's First Counter-Terrorism Unit Jack Murphy
Blue Light: America's First Counter-Terrorism Unit Jack Murphy On a dark night in 1977, a dozen Green Berets exited a C-130 aircraft, parachuting into a very different type of war. Aircraft hijackings had become almost commonplace to the point that Johnny Carson would tell jokes about the phenomena on television. But it was no laughing matter for the Department of Defense, who realized after the Israeli raid on Entebbe, that America was woefully unprepared to counter terrorist attacks. This mission would be different. The Special Forces soldiers guided their MC1-1B parachutes towards the ground but their element became separated in the air, some of the Green Berets landing in the trees. The others set down alongside an airfield, landing inside a thick cloud of fog. Their target lay somewhere through the haze, a military C-130 aircraft that had been captured by terrorists. Onboard there were no hostages, but a black box, a classified encryption device that could not be allowed to fall into enemy hands. Airfield seizures were really a Ranger mission, but someone had elected to parachute in an entire Special Forces battalion for the operation. The HALO team was an advanced element, inserted ahead of time to secure the aircraft prior to the main assault force arriving. Despite missing a number of team members at the rally point, the Green Berets knew they were quickly approaching their hit time. They had to take down the aircraft and soon. Armed with suppressed Sten guns, they quietly advanced through the fog. Using the bad weather to their advantage, they were able to slip right between the sentries posted to guard the aircraft. -
Terrorism: Gender and Identity
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 20, Issue 11, Ver. IV (Nov. 2015) PP 01-07 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Terrorism: Gender and Identity Dr. (Mrs.) Manjeet Hundal Head, Sociology Department S.R.C.S.D. College, Pathankot Abstract: Even in the beginning of the twenty first century with the attack at World Trade Center (America), terrorism continues to be one of the major issues, which the world is facing. In the early 1970's Germany experienced the activities of the ultra left-wing groups such as the Red Army Faction (RAF) and the Baader- Meinhof group. Spain has had the experience of Basque terrorists, Italy of the Red Brigades and Britain of the republican extremist groups such as the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in the Northern Ireland. The Tamil terrorist groups agitating for an independent 'Eelam' state in the North-East of Sri Lanka, Sikh extremists used terrorism for an independent 'Khalistan' in Punjab, India. The extremists in Punjab used extortion, bombings and hit squads to achieve their goal of an independent state. In the face of these terrorist attacks, the Indian government responded severely with torture and summary executions. Terrorism that breeds' violence, by its very nature ultimately becomes indiscriminate and unpredictable, which has an uneven impact on women's status. At the height of violence, the Punjabi women faced the terror of the Indian police by day and of the militants by night. This study based on Punjab terrorism(1978-1993) has been divided into three parts. -
A Historical Assessment of Amphibious Operations from 1941 to the Present
CRM D0006297.A2/ Final July 2002 Charting the Pathway to OMFTS: A Historical Assessment of Amphibious Operations From 1941 to the Present Carter A. Malkasian 4825 Mark Center Drive • Alexandria, Virginia 22311-1850 Approved for distribution: July 2002 c.. Expedit'onaryyystems & Support Team Integrated Systems and Operations Division This document represents the best opinion of CNA at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the Department of the Navy. Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. Specific authority: N0014-00-D-0700. For copies of this document call: CNA Document Control and Distribution Section at 703-824-2123. Copyright 0 2002 The CNA Corporation Contents Summary . 1 Introduction . 5 Methodology . 6 The U.S. Marine Corps’ new concept for forcible entry . 9 What is the purpose of amphibious warfare? . 15 Amphibious warfare and the strategic level of war . 15 Amphibious warfare and the operational level of war . 17 Historical changes in amphibious warfare . 19 Amphibious warfare in World War II . 19 The strategic environment . 19 Operational doctrine development and refinement . 21 World War II assault and area denial tactics. 26 Amphibious warfare during the Cold War . 28 Changes to the strategic context . 29 New operational approaches to amphibious warfare . 33 Cold war assault and area denial tactics . 35 Amphibious warfare, 1983–2002 . 42 Changes in the strategic, operational, and tactical context of warfare. 42 Post-cold war amphibious tactics . 44 Conclusion . 46 Key factors in the success of OMFTS. 49 Operational pause . 49 The causes of operational pause . 49 i Overcoming enemy resistance and the supply buildup. -
Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India
Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India Gyanendra Pandey CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Remembering Partition Violence, Nationalism and History in India Through an investigation of the violence that marked the partition of British India in 1947, this book analyses questions of history and mem- ory, the nationalisation of populations and their pasts, and the ways in which violent events are remembered (or forgotten) in order to en- sure the unity of the collective subject – community or nation. Stressing the continuous entanglement of ‘event’ and ‘interpretation’, the author emphasises both the enormity of the violence of 1947 and its shifting meanings and contours. The book provides a sustained critique of the procedures of history-writing and nationalist myth-making on the ques- tion of violence, and examines how local forms of sociality are consti- tuted and reconstituted by the experience and representation of violent events. It concludes with a comment on the different kinds of political community that may still be imagined even in the wake of Partition and events like it. GYANENDRA PANDEY is Professor of Anthropology and History at Johns Hopkins University. He was a founder member of the Subaltern Studies group and is the author of many publications including The Con- struction of Communalism in Colonial North India (1990) and, as editor, Hindus and Others: the Question of Identity in India Today (1993). This page intentionally left blank Contemporary South Asia 7 Editorial board Jan Breman, G.P. Hawthorn, Ayesha Jalal, Patricia Jeffery, Atul Kohli Contemporary South Asia has been established to publish books on the politics, society and culture of South Asia since 1947. -
India's Agendas on Women's Education
University of St. Thomas, Minnesota UST Research Online Education Doctoral Dissertations in Leadership School of Education 8-2016 The olitP icized Indian Woman: India’s Agendas on Women’s Education Sabeena Mathayas University of St. Thomas, Minnesota, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.stthomas.edu/caps_ed_lead_docdiss Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Mathayas, Sabeena, "The oP liticized Indian Woman: India’s Agendas on Women’s Education" (2016). Education Doctoral Dissertations in Leadership. 81. https://ir.stthomas.edu/caps_ed_lead_docdiss/81 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Education at UST Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Education Doctoral Dissertations in Leadership by an authorized administrator of UST Research Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Politicized Indian Woman: India’s Agendas on Women’s Education A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, LEADERSHIP, AND COUNSELING OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ST. THOMAS by Sabeena Mathayas IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF EDUCATION Minneapolis, Minnesota August 2016 UNIVERSITY OF ST. THOMAS The Politicized Indian Woman: India’s Agendas on Women’s Education We certify that we have read this dissertation and approved it as adequate in scope and quality. We have found that it is complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the final examining committee have been made. Dissertation Committee i The word ‘invasion’ worries the nation. The 106-year-old freedom fighter Gopikrishna-babu says, Eh, is the English coming to take India again by invading it, eh? – Now from the entire country, Indian intellectuals not knowing a single Indian language meet in a closed seminar in the capital city and make the following wise decision known. -
Richard Marcinko (B. 1940) by Delson Ong
Personality Profile 72 Richard Marcinko (b. 1940) by Delson Ong INTRODUCTION In the eyes of the public, the life was hard,’ was how Marcinko United States (US) Navy’s Sea, Air described his childhood.2 Shortly and Land Teams, commonly known before attending high school, the as the Navy SEALs, are a group family moved to New Brunswick, of elite individuals that have New Jersey, where he attended 3 accomplished incredible feats. Of Admiral Farragut Academy. His parents, however, split up the many Special Forces teams, during his high school years, and one of them is responsible for the Marcinko dropped out of high death of the founder of Al-Qaeda, school later that year in 1958. Osama bin Laden—SEAL Team Six. Many people would give the “Change hurts. It makes people Feeling that his life could credit to SEAL Team Six, but let insecure, confused, and angry. potentially spiral down to us not forget the man behind the People want things to be the meaninglessness, young Marcinko same as they have always been, scenes, the brilliant individual decided to take matters into because that makes life easier. who singlehandedly put together his own hands. A coincidental But, if you are a leader, you this special team. This person cannot let your people hang on encounter with US Marines to the past.” is none other than retired US inspired Marcinko to enlist. His Navy SEAL commander, Richard - Retired US Navy SEAL first attempt at enlisting was Commander Richard Marcinko1 Marcinko. unsuccessful, as the Marine Recruiter told him to finish high EARLY LIFE school first before he could Richard Marcinko was born on apply. -
Amphibious Warfare: Theory and Practice* Tomoyuki Ishizu
Amphibious Warfare: Theory and Practice* Tomoyuki Ishizu Introduction In December 2013, the Government of Japan released its first “National Security Strategy” and announced the “National Defense Program Guidelines for FY 2014 and beyond.” The new Guidelines set forth the buildup of “dynamic joint defense force,” calling for a sufficient amphibious operations capability by means of amphibious vehicles and tilt-rotor aircraft, for example, to cope with potential enemy attack against any of Japan’s remote islands. This paper analyzes amphibious warfare from a historical viewpoint to show its major framework and concept. It is no wonder that the scale and form of amphibious operations may differ significantly among states depending on their national strategy, status of military power in the national strategy, military objectives, and historical or geographical conditions. The reason is that the national strategy, which is prescribed according to the national history, geography, culture and more, determines the role of the nation’s military force and way of fighting. With all these facts taken into account, this paper attempts to propose a general framework for examining amphibious warfare, especially for amphibious operations, and to sort out ideas and terms used in such operations. 1. What are Amphibious Operations? (1) The issues surrounding their definition The first issue that one inevitably encounters in examining amphibious operations is the ambiguity surrounding their definition. Without a uniform understanding of the meaning of amphibious operations and of their associated concepts and terminologies, the actual execution of operations will likely be met with difficulties. Nevertheless, a uniform understanding or a “common language” for the associated concepts and terminologies has not been arrived at, not even in the United States, which has conducted many amphibious operations. -
Sunset for the Royal Marines? the Royal Marines and UK Amphibious Capability
House of Commons Defence Committee Sunset for the Royal Marines? The Royal Marines and UK amphibious capability Third Report of Session 2017–19 Report, together with formal minutes relating to the report Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 30 January 2018 HC 622 Published on 4 February 2018 by authority of the House of Commons The Defence Committee The Defence Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Ministry of Defence and its associated public bodies. Current membership Rt Hon Dr Julian Lewis MP (Conservative, New Forest East) (Chair) Leo Docherty MP (Conservative, Aldershot) Martin Docherty-Hughes MP (Scottish National Party, West Dunbartonshire) Rt Hon Mark Francois MP (Conservative, Rayleigh and Wickford) Graham P Jones MP (Labour, Hyndburn) Johnny Mercer MP (Conservative, Plymouth, Moor View) Mrs Madeleine Moon MP (Labour, Bridgend) Gavin Robinson MP (Democratic Unionist Party, Belfast East) Ruth Smeeth MP (Labour, Stoke-on-Trent North) Rt Hon John Spellar MP (Labour, Warley) Phil Wilson MP (Labour, Sedgefield) Powers The committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publications Committee reports are published on the Committee’s website at www.parliament.uk/defcom and in print by Order of the House. Evidence relating to this report is published on the inquiry page of the Committee’s website. Committee staff Mark Etherton (Clerk), Dr Adam Evans (Second Clerk), Martin Chong, David Nicholas, Eleanor Scarnell, and Ian Thomson (Committee Specialists), Sarah Williams (Senior Committee Assistant), and Carolyn Bowes and Arvind Gunnoo (Committee Assistants). -
The Game Changer Without Losing Any More Time, Government Must Sanction Special Operations Command
Guest Column | Lt Gen. Vinod Bhatia (retd) The Game Changer Without losing any more time, government must sanction Special Operations Command MUCH HAS BEEN WRITTEN AND ing all elements of SOF fully integrated, will need credible military capabilities deliberated by the armed forces and equipped, trained and designated under to project military power, assist friendly defence strategists over the years on a single command and control struc- foreign countries in times of crisis from the need to empower and equip India’s ture, with direct access to the country’s unconventional threats and Humani- Special Operation Forces (SOF) to make highest decision making body, the Cabi- tarian Assistance and Disaster Relief them a force multiplier, a game chang- net Committee on Security (CCS). (HADR). The continuing proxy war with er, a rapid deployment force, a threat in The ministry of defence (MoD) web- Pakistan, the ever increasing and omni- being, and a major component of our site on India’s security environment present threat from terrorists, and the comprehensive national power. Howev- overview defines the strategic space as imperative to safeguard our national er, not enough has been done. ‘India’s size, strategic location, trade in- interests and assets dictate that we en- On 3 November 1988, 50 indepen- terests in a security environment that hance capacities and build capabilities dent parachute brigade/6 battalion, extends from Persian Gulf in the west, to face future threats and challenges. the parachute regiment spearheaded to the Straits of Malacca in the east India boasts of the second largest Operation Cactus (Maldives) to rescue and from the CAR in the north to near army, the fourth largest air force and the then President Maumoon Abdul the Equator in the south, underpin In- a blue water capability for the navy to Gayoom, and restore the duly elected dia’s security response. -
Book Review: 1 Recce–The Night Belongs to Us
Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 46, Nr 2, 2018. doi: 10.5787/46-2-1239 Book Review 1 RECCE – THE NIGHT BELONGS TO US Alexander Strachan Abel Esterhuyse Stellenbosch University Cape Town: Tafelberg Publications 2018, 352 pages ISBN: 9780624081531 Combining the writing abilities of a seasoned literary author with the intricacies of a good military story is almost a guarantee for a good book. And this is precisely the case with 1 Recce – The night belongs to us. It is without doubt a well-written book and an outstanding read. The book fills a gap in the existing South African military historiography by documenting the story of the formation and building of 1 Reconnaissance Regiment of the former defence force to full operational capacity. Border War literature is experiencing an unprecedented boom at present. The reasons are diverse and complex. Publications about Special Forces – Recces as they are generally known in South Africa – are especially popular. The reasons for the popularity of Special Forces literature are quite obvious. In most cases, Special Forces literature contains all the basic elements of a good story: adventure, excitement, courage, unprecedented hardship, secrecy and heroes. And this is also the case with 1 Recce – The night belongs to us. The Border War, South Africa’s counterinsurgency campaign against SWAPO in Namibia and the country’s involvement in the Angolan civil war constitute the background against which Strachan’s story of the creation and growth of 1 Reconnaissance Commando as a military unit of the former South African Defence Force unfolds. -
NPRC) VIP List, 2009
Description of document: National Archives National Personnel Records Center (NPRC) VIP list, 2009 Requested date: December 2007 Released date: March 2008 Posted date: 04-January-2010 Source of document: National Personnel Records Center Military Personnel Records 9700 Page Avenue St. Louis, MO 63132-5100 Note: NPRC staff has compiled a list of prominent persons whose military records files they hold. They call this their VIP Listing. You can ask for a copy of any of these files simply by submitting a Freedom of Information Act request to the address above. The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website.