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Bhai Mani Singh Contribtion in Sikh History
© 2018 JETIR August 2018, Volume 5, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) BHAI MANI SINGH CONTRIBTION IN SIKH HISTORY Simranjeet Kaur, M.Phil. Research Scholar, History Department, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo. Dr. Daljeet Kaur Gill, Assistant Professor, Department of History, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo. ABSTRACT Bhai Mani Singh is an important personality in Sikh History. He was a very good speaker and writer. He performed the service of a priest in Amritsar and played an important role in reforming the dismal conditions there. He spent all his life for saving the unity, integrity and honour of Sikh religion and promoted knowledge among the Sikhs by becoming the founder of the Giani Sect. He created an example for the coming generations by sacrificing himself at the age of ninety years. The sacrifice of Bhai Mani Singh filled every Sikh with a wave of anger and impassion. His unique martyrdom had turned the history of Sikhism forwards. His personality, in real meaning; is a source of inspiration for his followers. Sikh history, from the very beginning, has an important place in human welfare and social reforms for its sacrifices and martyrdoms. The ancestors and leaders of Sikh sect made important contributions at different times and places. Bhai Mani Singh showed his ability in different tasks initiated by Sikh Gurus by remaining in Sikh sect ant took the cause of social reforms to a new height. To keep the dignity of Sikh History intact, he sacrificed his life by getting himself chopped into pieces at the age of 90 for not being able to pay the prescribed taxes.1 While making an unparallel contribution in the Sikh history, Bhai Mani Singh performed the service of a priest in Amritsar and played an important role in reforming the dismal conditions there. -
Terrorism: Gender and Identity
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 20, Issue 11, Ver. IV (Nov. 2015) PP 01-07 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Terrorism: Gender and Identity Dr. (Mrs.) Manjeet Hundal Head, Sociology Department S.R.C.S.D. College, Pathankot Abstract: Even in the beginning of the twenty first century with the attack at World Trade Center (America), terrorism continues to be one of the major issues, which the world is facing. In the early 1970's Germany experienced the activities of the ultra left-wing groups such as the Red Army Faction (RAF) and the Baader- Meinhof group. Spain has had the experience of Basque terrorists, Italy of the Red Brigades and Britain of the republican extremist groups such as the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in the Northern Ireland. The Tamil terrorist groups agitating for an independent 'Eelam' state in the North-East of Sri Lanka, Sikh extremists used terrorism for an independent 'Khalistan' in Punjab, India. The extremists in Punjab used extortion, bombings and hit squads to achieve their goal of an independent state. In the face of these terrorist attacks, the Indian government responded severely with torture and summary executions. Terrorism that breeds' violence, by its very nature ultimately becomes indiscriminate and unpredictable, which has an uneven impact on women's status. At the height of violence, the Punjabi women faced the terror of the Indian police by day and of the militants by night. This study based on Punjab terrorism(1978-1993) has been divided into three parts. -
Singh and Kaur Gurdwara Prayer Sikh Greeting
Gurdwara Sikh Greeting Whenever a Sikh meets another Sikh, they greet each other with folded hands, saying: 'Waheguru ji ka Khalsa, Waheguru ji ki Fateh' (The Khalsa belongs to the wonderful Lord, who is always victorious.) Prayer Since Sikh dharma does not have a formal priestly class or ordained clergy, public worship can be led by any competent initiated male or female Sikh. When meditating or praying, neither day, direction or location are as important as a real need for communication and desire for experience with the Unknown. A Sikh A Sikh place of congregational worship is called shall remember God always and everywhere. 'Gurdwara' which is open to visitors irrespective of In their daily prayers Sikhs seek the blessings of God their colour, faith, gender or background. The common 'for the good of all humankind’ translation of the term as temple is not satisfactory as The Sikh congregational prayer ends with: Sikhism possesses no sacrificial symbolism. Sikhs Nanak Naam chardhi k-la, have neither idols nor altars in their holy places. The Tayre bhaaneh sarbat da bhalaa. essential feature of a Gurdwara is the presiding Nanak says, through the Divine Name, may our spirits presence of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the eternal rise; and by Your Will O'God, Guru or Word of God. Hence the name Gurdwara may humankind prosper in peace. (guru + dwara = the Guru's Door). Gurdwaras in Victoria An essential part of any Gurdwara is the 'langgar' (free “There is one God Gurdwara Sahib Blackburn kitchen) which is open to all. It is a practical 127 Whitehorse Road, Blackburn VIC 3130 Whose name is Truth expression of the Sikh ideals of equality, sharing and Gurdwara Sahib Craigieburn oneness of humanity. -
Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India
Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India Gyanendra Pandey CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Remembering Partition Violence, Nationalism and History in India Through an investigation of the violence that marked the partition of British India in 1947, this book analyses questions of history and mem- ory, the nationalisation of populations and their pasts, and the ways in which violent events are remembered (or forgotten) in order to en- sure the unity of the collective subject – community or nation. Stressing the continuous entanglement of ‘event’ and ‘interpretation’, the author emphasises both the enormity of the violence of 1947 and its shifting meanings and contours. The book provides a sustained critique of the procedures of history-writing and nationalist myth-making on the ques- tion of violence, and examines how local forms of sociality are consti- tuted and reconstituted by the experience and representation of violent events. It concludes with a comment on the different kinds of political community that may still be imagined even in the wake of Partition and events like it. GYANENDRA PANDEY is Professor of Anthropology and History at Johns Hopkins University. He was a founder member of the Subaltern Studies group and is the author of many publications including The Con- struction of Communalism in Colonial North India (1990) and, as editor, Hindus and Others: the Question of Identity in India Today (1993). This page intentionally left blank Contemporary South Asia 7 Editorial board Jan Breman, G.P. Hawthorn, Ayesha Jalal, Patricia Jeffery, Atul Kohli Contemporary South Asia has been established to publish books on the politics, society and culture of South Asia since 1947. -
India's Agendas on Women's Education
University of St. Thomas, Minnesota UST Research Online Education Doctoral Dissertations in Leadership School of Education 8-2016 The olitP icized Indian Woman: India’s Agendas on Women’s Education Sabeena Mathayas University of St. Thomas, Minnesota, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.stthomas.edu/caps_ed_lead_docdiss Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Mathayas, Sabeena, "The oP liticized Indian Woman: India’s Agendas on Women’s Education" (2016). Education Doctoral Dissertations in Leadership. 81. https://ir.stthomas.edu/caps_ed_lead_docdiss/81 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Education at UST Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Education Doctoral Dissertations in Leadership by an authorized administrator of UST Research Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Politicized Indian Woman: India’s Agendas on Women’s Education A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, LEADERSHIP, AND COUNSELING OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ST. THOMAS by Sabeena Mathayas IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF EDUCATION Minneapolis, Minnesota August 2016 UNIVERSITY OF ST. THOMAS The Politicized Indian Woman: India’s Agendas on Women’s Education We certify that we have read this dissertation and approved it as adequate in scope and quality. We have found that it is complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the final examining committee have been made. Dissertation Committee i The word ‘invasion’ worries the nation. The 106-year-old freedom fighter Gopikrishna-babu says, Eh, is the English coming to take India again by invading it, eh? – Now from the entire country, Indian intellectuals not knowing a single Indian language meet in a closed seminar in the capital city and make the following wise decision known. -
The Institution of the Akal Takht: the Transformation of Authority in Sikh History
religions Article The Institution of the Akal Takht: The Transformation of Authority in Sikh History Gurbeer Singh Department of Religious Studies, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; [email protected] Abstract: The Akal Takht is considered to be the central seat of authority in the Sikh tradition. This article uses theories of legitimacy and authority to explore the validity of the authority and legitimacy of the Akal Takht and its leaders throughout time. Starting from the initial institution of the Akal Takht and ending at the Akal Takht today, the article applies Weber’s three types of legitimate authority to the various leaderships and custodianships throughout Sikh history. The article also uses Berger and Luckmann’s theory of the symbolic universe to establish the constant presence of traditional authority in the leadership of the Akal Takht. Merton’s concept of group norms is used to explain the loss of legitimacy at certain points of history, even if one or more types of Weber’s legitimate authority match the situation. This article shows that the Akal Takht’s authority, as with other political religious institutions, is in the reciprocal relationship between the Sikh population and those in charge. This fluidity in authority is used to explain and offer a solution on the issue of authenticity and authority in the Sikh tradition. Keywords: Akal Takht; jathedar; Sikh institutions; Sikh Rehat Maryada; Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC); authority; legitimacy Citation: Singh, Gurbeer. 2021. The Institution of the Akal Takht: The 1. Introduction Transformation of Authority in Sikh History. Religions 12: 390. https:// The Akal Takht, originally known as the Akal Bunga, is the seat of temporal and doi.org/10.3390/rel12060390 spiritual authority of the Sikh tradition. -
The Game Changer Without Losing Any More Time, Government Must Sanction Special Operations Command
Guest Column | Lt Gen. Vinod Bhatia (retd) The Game Changer Without losing any more time, government must sanction Special Operations Command MUCH HAS BEEN WRITTEN AND ing all elements of SOF fully integrated, will need credible military capabilities deliberated by the armed forces and equipped, trained and designated under to project military power, assist friendly defence strategists over the years on a single command and control struc- foreign countries in times of crisis from the need to empower and equip India’s ture, with direct access to the country’s unconventional threats and Humani- Special Operation Forces (SOF) to make highest decision making body, the Cabi- tarian Assistance and Disaster Relief them a force multiplier, a game chang- net Committee on Security (CCS). (HADR). The continuing proxy war with er, a rapid deployment force, a threat in The ministry of defence (MoD) web- Pakistan, the ever increasing and omni- being, and a major component of our site on India’s security environment present threat from terrorists, and the comprehensive national power. Howev- overview defines the strategic space as imperative to safeguard our national er, not enough has been done. ‘India’s size, strategic location, trade in- interests and assets dictate that we en- On 3 November 1988, 50 indepen- terests in a security environment that hance capacities and build capabilities dent parachute brigade/6 battalion, extends from Persian Gulf in the west, to face future threats and challenges. the parachute regiment spearheaded to the Straits of Malacca in the east India boasts of the second largest Operation Cactus (Maldives) to rescue and from the CAR in the north to near army, the fourth largest air force and the then President Maumoon Abdul the Equator in the south, underpin In- a blue water capability for the navy to Gayoom, and restore the duly elected dia’s security response. -
A Comparative Study of Sikhism and Hinduism
A Comparative Study of Sikhism and Hinduism A Comparative Study of Sikhism and Hinduism Dr Jagraj Singh A publication of Sikh University USA Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 1 A Comparative Study of Sikhism and Hinduism A comparative study of Sikhism and Hinduism Contents Page Acknowledgements 4 Foreword Introduction 5 Chapter 1 What is Sikhism? 9 What is Hinduism? 29 Who are Sikhs? 30 Who are Hindus? 33 Who is a Sikh? 34 Who is a Hindu? 35 Chapter 2 God in Sikhism. 48 God in Hinduism. 49 Chapter 3 Theory of creation of universe---Cosmology according to Sikhism. 58 Theory of creation according to Hinduism 62 Chapter 4 Scriptures of Sikhism 64 Scriptures of Hinduism 66 Chapter 5 Sikh place of worship and worship in Sikhism 73 Hindu place of worship and worship in Hinduism 75 Sign of invocation used in Hinduism Sign of invocation used in Sikhism Chapter 6 Hindu Ritualism (Karm Kanda) and Sikh view 76 Chapter 7 Important places of Hindu pilgrimage in India 94 Chapter 8 Hindu Festivals 95 Sikh Festivals Chapter 9 Philosophy of Hinduism---Khat Darsan 98 Philosophy of Sikhism-----Gur Darshan / Gurmat 99 Chapter 10 Panjabi language 103 Chapter 11 The devisive caste system of Hinduism and its rejection by Sikhism 111 Chapter 12 Religion and Character in Sikhism------Ethics of Sikhism 115 Copyright Dr. Jagraj Singh 2 A Comparative Study of Sikhism and Hinduism Sexual morality in Sikhism Sexual morality in Hinduism Religion and ethics of Hinduism Status of woman in Hinduism Chapter13 Various concepts of Hinduism and the Sikh view 127 Chapter 14 Rejection of authority of scriptures of Hinduism by Sikhism 133 Chapter 15 Sacraments of Hinduism and Sikh view 135 Chapter 16 Yoga (Yogic Philosophy of Hinduism and its rejection in Sikhism 142 Chapter 17 Hindu mythology and Sikh view 145 Chapter 18 Un-Sikh and anti-Sikh practices and their rejection 147 Chapter 19 Sikhism versus other religious aystems 149 Glossary of common terms used in Sikhism 154 Bibliography 160 Copyright Dr. -
RE Unit Spring Festivals: What Is Vaisakhi and How Is It Celebrated?
RE Unit Spring Festivals: What is Vaisakhi and how is it celebrated? Photo courtesy of (Birmingham Culture@flickr com) - granted under creative commons licence - attribution How to use this workbook When you are working through the questions in this workbook, remember: 1. To write your answers in your best handwriting in your home learning / exercise / notebook. Don’t try to answer the questions in boxes in the workbook. 2. “Blue box is book” = The blue boxes are there to show you what to write / say and how to set out your work / ideas. Anything in the blue boxes is what you write in your book. Don’t write the black, write the blue – but without drawing the box round it! 3. When you are answering reading comprehension questions, you should always answer in complete thoughts (full sentences) and use the exact words from the text to prove your answer. The blue boxes will show you how… 1 RE: What is Vaisakhi and how is it celebrated? (Workbook) RE Unit Spring Festivals: What is Vaisakhi and how is it celebrated? Learning Overview Lesson Lesson Question You will learn: 1. What is Vaisakhi? Who celebrates Vaisakhi. When Vaisakhi is celebrated. Where Vaisakhi is celebrated. When Vaisakhi started. Why Vaisakhi is such an important festival for Sikhs. 2. Who was Guru Gobind Singh? Who the Sikh Gurus were. Who Guru Gobund Singh was. How Guru Gobind Singh made Vaisakhi a special festival for Sikhs. 3. What is the Khalsa and why is it important to What the Khalsa is. Sikhs? Why the Khalsa was formed. -
SIKHISM Part 1 Unit 2: the Sikh Gurus
SIKHISM Part 1 Unit 2: The Sikh Gurus What this unit contains Guru Har Gobind and the story celebrated by Sikhs at Divali. Guru Gobind Singh the last human Guru. The 5 Ks. Festival of Baisakhi. Sikh names. Sikh beliefs in action - story of the Guru and the Water carrier. Where the unit fits and how it builds upon This unit builds on work covered in Unit I and further develops pupils’ knowledge about the previous learning importance of equality in Sikhism. It fills in the historical detail about the Gurus who followed Nanak and how they developed Sikh beliefs in equality. It introduces pupils to the key festival of Baisakhi. Through this unit pupils begin to learn about Sikh symbols of identity. Extension activities and further thinking Reflect on what it means to belong. Talk about whether it is ever right to fight for your beliefs. Consider why believing that everyone is equal may mean you should be kind to everyone. Vocabulary SMSC/Citizenship Sikh Sikhism equal Baisakhi Communities are made up of people who all have different Singh Diwali Guru Har Gobind Guru Gobind Singh contributions. Khanda Kaur Kara Kirpan Symbols of belonging to groups. unique Kangha Kacchera Gurdwara What it means to belong to a community and to have a shared identity. Guru Lambeth Agreed Syllabus for Religious Education Teaching unit SIKHISM Part 1 Unit 2:1 SIKHISM Part 1 Unit 2: The Sikh Gurus Unit 2 Session 1 A A Learning objectives T T Suggested teaching activities Sensitivities, points to 1 2 note, resources Pupils should: √ Recall work covered in Unit 1 about Sikhism and Guru Nanak. -
Tibet's Cold War the CIA and the Chushi Gangdrug Resistance, 1956
McGranaThe CIA anhand theChushi Gangdrug Resistance Tibet’s Cold War The CIA and the Chushi Gangdrug Resistance, 1956–1974 ✣ Carole McGranahan Introduction Colorado’s mountain roads can be treacherous in the winter, and in Decem- ber 1961 a bus crashed on an icy road in the middle of the night.1 The crash delayed the bus’s journey, and morning had already broken by the time the bus pulled into its destination, Peterson Airªeld in Colorado Springs. The coffee had just begun to brew when airªeld workers discovered that they were surrounded by heavily-armed U.S. soldiers. The troops ordered them into two different hangars and then shut and locked the doors. Peeking out the windows of the hangars, the airªeld employees saw a bus with blackened win- dows pull up to a waiting Air Force plane. Fifteen men in green fatigues got out of the bus and onto the plane. After the aircraft took off, an Army ofªcer informed the airªeld employees that it was a federal offense to talk about what they had just witnessed. He swore them to the highest secrecy, but it was al- ready too late: The hangars in which the scared civilians had been locked were equipped with telephones, and they had made several calls to local newspa- pers. The next day the Colorado Springs Gazette Telegraph ran a brief story quoting a student pilot who said that “several Oriental soldiers in combat uni- forms” were involved. The short story caught the attention of a New York Times reporter in Washington, DC, who called the Pentagon for more infor- mation. -
Extensions of Remarks E1743 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS
September 17, 1998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð Extensions of Remarks E1743 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE LIQUIDATION OF ASSETS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, have failed to supply adequate labor for har- FROM THE POLISH-AMERICAN Washington, DC, September 11, 1998. vest. ENTERPRISE FUND Hon. LEE H. HAMILTON, The agricultural labor situation can be allevi- Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives. ated through action by the Federal Govern- HON. LEE H. HAMILTON DEAR MR. HAMILTON: Thank you for your ment. Under a reformed agricultural worker letter of August 10, 1998, to the Secretary, program, substantial opportunities will be OF INDIANA concerning the distribution of funds result- given to foreign workers who can often earn IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing from any liquidation of assets of the Pol- significantly more in the United States than in ish-American Enterprise Fund (PAEF). The Thursday, September 17, 1998 their own country. Such reform reduces illegal Secretary shares your concerns about this immigration by creating a streamlined process Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, 9 years ago important issue, and is aware how any deci- to temporarily legalize individuals who choose President Bush requested, and the Congress sion reached about the PAEF could establish a precedent for the future distribution of as- to work in the agricultural sector of the United authorized, the creation of Enterprise Funds sets from other Enterprise funds. States. for Poland and Hungary, in order to spur eco- As you well know, the fact that the PAEF I am working to include the Agricultural Job nomic reform and the growth of private enter- has been so successful poses some unique Opportunity, Benefits and Security Act, au- prise in these countries.