Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213 PG and Research Departmentwww.jairjp.com of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ARIGNAR ANNA GOVERNMENT ARTS COLLEGE, CHEYYAR - 604 407.
PG & RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
IQAC Sponsored State Level Seminar On
Recent Advances in Biological Sciences (SLSRABS-2016)
3rd October - 2016
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
Dr. S. Nirmala Devi, M.Sc., M. Phil., M.Ed., Ph.D., P.G.D.H.E., D.C.A., Principal, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407.
Message
This seminar is aimed at focussing a wide spectrum of research and advancement that is going on in the field of biological sciences and in understanding the problems associated in making use of such advances in biological sciences for the betterment of human life.
There is a need to highlight the new techniques/methodologies in the field of biological sciences apart from creating innovative ideas to meet the challenges posed in the field of Biologic al sciences.
I am sure, this State Level Seminar on Recent Advances in Biological Sciences will provide a platform to share research findings, experiences and to explore the diverse world of Biological sciences, by exchanging views, ideas and applied aspects of biological sciences among researchers, academicians and peers.
Dr.S.Nirmala Devi Principal
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
Dr. A. MURTHY, M. Com., M. Phil., B.Ed., Ph.D., IQAC Convener Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar – 604 407.
Message
I am glad to know that the Department of Zoology in Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar is to hold seminar on "Recent Advances in Biological Sciences" (SLSRABS-2016) on October 3rd, 2016. I wish them success in their endeavor.
Thanks and regards
Place: Cheyyar Date: 29.09.2016 Dr. A. MURTHY IQAC Convener Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
Dr. E. Marimuthu, Ph.D., Co-ordinator, College NAAC Committee, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar – 604 407.
Message
At the outset I congratulate the Head of the Department and the Faculty Members of the Zoology for conducting IQAC assisted One Day State Level Seminar on the “Recent
Advances in Biological Sciences” (SLSRABS- 2016). As a NAAC Co-ordinator, I convey my best wishes for releasing the Abstracts of the Research Papers to be presented in the seminar. To bring out such a volume on the day of the seminar is an indispensible effort for which I once again convey my best wishes to the Members of the Faculty of the Zoology for their yeoman service to the World of Biological Sciences.
Place: Cheyyar
Date: 30. 09. 2016 DR. E. MARIMUTHU Co-ordinator, College NAAC Committee.
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
Dr. S. DURAIRAJ, Ph.D., Associate Professor & Head , PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar – 604 407.
Message
It gives me a great pleasure in organizing a“State Level Seminar on Recent Advances in Biological Sciences” (SLSRABS-2016) in the Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar on 3rd October 2016 with the assistance of Internal Quality Assurance Cell of our College. The principal Dr. S. NIRMALADEVI has given an encouragement and motivation to conduct the seminar to focus on the recent developments in biological sciences. The seminar will give an opportunity to the post graduates students, M.Phil and Ph.D research scholars to understand the developments in biological sciences. The salient features of the seminar are as follows:
Applied aspects of biological sciences will be focused to the young scientist as well as to the budding researchers. New techniques/methodologies in the field of medicine and agriculture will be highlighted. Create innovative ideas to meet the challenges posed in the biological sciences. In total, our goal as a scientific community is to provide a platform to share scientific findings and explore the diverse world of Biological Sciences, by exchanging ideas among peers and gain experiences from academic advisors.
On this occasion I take this opportunity to thank our college principal, IQAC convener, NAAC co-ordinator, staff members of zoology and teaching and nonteaching and participants.
S.DURAIRAJ
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Chief Patron
Dr.P.Nirmala Devi, Principal, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar - 604 407.
IQAC Convener
Dr.A.Murthy Head, Department of commerce, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar - 604407.
NAAC CO-ORDINATOR
Dr.E.Marimuthu Head, Department of History Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar - 604407.
Organizing Secretary
Dr.S.Durairaj, Head, Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College. Cheyyar - 604407.
Committee Members
1. Dr.N.Punitha, Assistant Professor of Zoology 2. Dr.G.Balasubramanian, Assistant Professor of Zoology 3. Dr.N.Subramanian, Assistant Professor of Zoology 4. Mrs. N. Devika. Assistant Professor of Zoology 5. Dr.S.R.Pugazhvendan, Assistant professor of Zoology
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
SL.NO. CONTENTS PAGES
1. ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCES 1 Dr. S.Uvarajan 2. TOXICITY OF CHLORFYRIFOS ON THE INTERREALATIONSHIP BETWEEN 2 CHOLINERGIC AND AMINERGIC SYSTEM OF BRAIN IN WISTAR RAT Karunakaran. V.C, and S. Durairaj 3. EFFECT OF SEMI RIPE CARICA PAPAYA FRUIT PULP AND SEED EXTRACTS 3 ON FRUCTOSE CONTITUENTS IN REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURE OF MALE ALBINO RATS Punitha. N, R. Saravanan and N. Shettu 4. STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF NAPHTHALENE BALLS ON BIOCHEMICAL AND 4 HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN COCONUT PEST RHINOCEROS BEETLE (Onyxes rhinoceros) Seetu. K and N.Subramanian 5. STUDY ON INTESTINAL PARASITES OF MADRAS RED SHEEP IN AND 5 AROUND KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT Sangeetha. M and N. Subramanian 6. STUDY OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS IN DRINKING WATER SAMPLES 6 COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT AREAS IN AND AROUND CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT Muthu. M and N. Subramanian 7. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY 7 OF “ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS” LEAF EXTRACT A.Tamizhselvi 8. BREAST CANCER AND ITS ADVANCEMENT IN TREATMENT 8 M.Bhuvaneshwari 9. THE EFFECT OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (AD) AND IT’S TREATMENTS 9 Nandhagopalan. S, U.Aravind Kumar and R.Elumalai 10. IN VITRO STUDY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTICOAGULANT 10 ACTIVITY OF AERVA LANATA (L) LEAF EXTRATS Rajesh . Sand K. Prabu 11. GENOME AND PROTEOME ANALYSIS OF BACE1 FOR ALZHEIMER DISEASE 11 Gopinath. G, A.lokeshkumar, and E. Subha 12. THE EFFECT OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHROMATUS (SLE) DISEASE 12 Nandhagopal. S,R. Kayalvizhi and I. Nirmaladevi 13. SYNTHESIS, CHARECTERISATION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 13 SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM CARICA PAPAYA LINN. LATEX Kanchana. A, K.Sindhu and B. Sarathkumar 14. EFFECTS OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA A.JUSS: MELIACEAE) LEAF AND 14 SEED KERNEL EXTRACTS ON THE HAIRY LEAF CATERPILLAR (EUPTEROTE MOLLIFERA WALK - BOMBYCIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA) INSECT PEST OF MORINGA TREE (MORINGA OLEIFERA. LAM., 1785: MORINGACEAE) Kannan.M, M. Jamal Mohammed, and G. Balasubramanian 15. EFFECT OF NEEM ON THE HISTOLOGY OF FISH OREOCHROMIS 15 MOSSAMBICUS Arumugam. S, N. Ramadass and S. Durairaj
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
16. MORPHOLOGY AND SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEEPSEA FISH 16 GLOWBELLYACROPOMA JAPONICUM (GUNTHER, 1859) RECORDED FROM THE INDIAN WATERS Babu. M and A. Siva 17. ANTIFERTILITY EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS 17 Nathiya. S and K. Devi 18. A REVIEW ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITES OFNIGELLA SATIVA 18 Shaista Jabeen. N and K.Devi 19. A REVIEW ON TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES FOR 19 TREATMENT OF HEPATIC DISEASES Jagapriya. L and K. Devi 20. STUDIES ON HAEMOCYTE TYPES AND TOTAL AND DIFFERNTIAL COUNTS IN 20 WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV) INFECTED AND NORMAL RESHWATER RICE FIELD CRAB Paratelphusa pulvinata (Herbst) Anbarasan.E and G. Balasubramanian 21. STUDIES ON THE EXPERIMENTAL INFECTIVITY OFMACROBRACHIUM 21 ROSENBERGII NODAVIRUS (MRNV) AND EXTRA SMALL VIRUS (XSV) IN FRESHWATER RICE-FILED CRAB PARATELPHUSA PULVINATA (HERBST) Arulvizhi .R and G. Balasubramanian 22. STUDIES ON BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRSUS 22 (WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE FIELD CRAB (Paratelphusa pulvinata) (Herbst) Gurumurthy. R and G.Balasubramanian 23. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON WHITE SPOTSYNDROME 23 VIRUS (WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE-FIELDCRAB (Paratelphusa hydrodomous) (Herbst) Karthikeyan. N and G.Balasubramanian 24. STUDIES ON HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGE IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS 24 (WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATERRICE-FILED CRAB (Paratelphusa hydrodomous) (Herbst) Kanniyammal. S and G.Balasubramanian 25. STUDIES ON BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRSUS 25 (WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE FIELD CRAB (Paratelphusa hydrodomous) (Herbst) Iyyappan. A and G.Balasubramanian 26. STUDIES ON HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGE IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS 26 (WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE-FILED CRAB (Paratelphusa pulvinata) (Herbst) Dilliammal. P and G.Balasubramanian 27. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV) 27 INFECTED FRESHWATER CRAB(Paratelphusa pulvinata) (Herbst) Rajkumar. Sand G.Balasubramanian 28. INVESTIGATION ON THE TRIDAX PROCUMBENS ON THE DIGESTIVE 28 PHYSIOLOGY OF SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI L. Ravisankar. K and G.Balasubramanian 29. STUDIES ON SCREENING OF SELECTED ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANT 29 EXTRACTS FROM SOUTH INDIA FOR LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY AGAINST THE FILARIAL VECTOR CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY (DIPTERIA:CULICIDAE) Sumathi.S , A. Bagavan, G.Balasubramanian
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
30. ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN AND AROUND TANNERY INDUSTRY 30 OF ARCOT IN THE RIVER PALAR, VELLORE DISTRICT Ravisankar. K and G. Balasubramanian 31. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII 31 NODAVIRUS (MRNV) AND EXTRA SMALL VIRUS (XSV) IN FRESHWATER RICE-FILED CRAB PARATELPHUSA PULVINATA (HERBST) Vignesh. P and G.Balasubramanian 32. STUDIES ON LARVICIDAL PROPERTIES OF NYCTANTHES ARBOR PLANT 32 EXTRACTS AGAINST THE FILARIAL VECTOR CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS Divya. M, A. Bagavan, G.Balasubramanian 33. GC/MS ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES IN MORINGA OLEIFERA 33 AND THEIR MEDICINAL PROPERTY Gokila Devi. T, A. Revathi,,and L. R. Gopinath 34. SACRED GROVES IN AND AROUND KOLLI HILLS AT NAMAKKAL DISTRICT 34 Kumaresan N. and K. Ilango 35. ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITY OF RHIZOSPHERE SOIL BACTERIA 35 FROM SOLANUM NIGRUM AND AZADIRACHTA INDICA Premalatha, K, Gayathri, P., Virgin Nisha, M., and Gopinath, L. R.
36. ISOLTION AND IDENTIFICATION EFFECTIVE DIESEL DEGARADAING 36 BACTERIA Karthika. R, S. Nandhini and L.R. Gopinath 37. EFFECT OF DIMETHOATE AND Cipadessa baccifera ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT 37 ON Eudrilus eugeniae Archaya, S, Bhuvaneswari. R, and L.R.Gopinath 38. EFFECT OF QUINALOPHOS AND Cipasdessa baccifera ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT 38 ON SUCKERMOUTH CATFISH (Hypostomus plecostomus) Bhuvaneswari. R, Archaya. S and L. R.Gopinath 39. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF EFFECTIVE ORGANOPHOSPHATE 39 DEGRADING BACTERIAL SPECIES FROM ADATHODA VASICA RHIZOSPHERIC SOIL Shyamala, S. Y., Gopinath, L. R., Archaya, S. and Bhuvaneswari, R. 40. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF 40 CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS L. AND ITS MEDICINAL PROPERTY Sadhana, B. K., Gopinath, L. R. and Archaya, S. 41. ALAYSIS OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIA FOR EFFECTIVE BIOGAS 41 PRODUCTION Deepa, N, Archaya. S and L. R. Gopinath 42. ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF EFFECTIVE 42 ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING ACTINOMYCETES FROM RHIZOSPHERE SOIL OF Adhatoda vasica AND Azadirachta indica Gopinath. L.R, A.V.R. Jananni, S. Archaya and R. Bhuvaneswari 43. BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF CONTROL AND FIRE WOOD 43 ASH (ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION WASTE) TREATED EXPERIMENTAL GROUP OF LOCAL SPECIES OF EARTHWORM (LAMPITO MAURITII) IN CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT Murugan. M and N. Subramanian
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
44. THE ROLE OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION OF FLAXSEED, FENUGREEK AND 44 JAMUN SEED ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN STREPTOZOTOCIN- NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED DIABETIC RATS S. Latha 45. DETERMINATION OF VANCOMYCIN MIC IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FOR 45 ISOLATES SHOWING REDUCED ZONE OF INHIBITION BY DISC DIFFUSION METHOD Praveen Kumar.V, T.N.Ravi V.Sreenivasulu Reddy and B.Sai Ravi Kiran 46. TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN DIABETES 46 MELLITUS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME B. Sai Ravi Kiran 47. POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND DIABETES 2 MELLITUS PATIENTS 47 S. Nandini 48. BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR ROLE OF FERAL COCKROACHES IN 48 AMIRTHI FOREST,EASTERN GHATS, TAMIL NADU, INDIA(INSECTA: BLATTODEA) Ezhumalai. P and S. Prabakaran 49. MILLICOMPOST IS A FUTURE BIOFERTILIZER 49 Chezhian. Y and S. Prabakaran 50. INVITRO PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI FUNGAL ACTIVITY OF 50 GANODERMA LUCIDUM Naveen kumar. C and R. Srikumar 51. STUDY OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION IN DRINKING WATER SAMPLES 51 COLLECTED FROM PERUNKALATHUR AND THUMBAI VILLAGE LAKES LOCATED NEAR CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT Karthik.M and N. Subramanian 52. STUDIES ON GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF CHICKEN IN AND AROUND 52 CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT Divyamery.R and N. Subramanian 53. EFFECT OF CONSUMPTION OF MILLET DIET ON DIABETES MELLITUS, 53 TREATED AND UNTREATED PATIENTS COLLECTED FROM CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT Hemalatha.M.D and N. Subramanian 54. COMPARETIVE STUDY OF PHYSICO – CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF POND 54 WATER, AIR - CONDITIONED OUTLET WATER AND CHANGES IN THE HISTOLOGY OF FRESH WATER FISH TILAPIA MOSSAMBICA, TREATED WITH AIR-CONDITIONED OUTLET WATER Govindhan.P and N.Subramanian 55. BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN 55 ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA DURING TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY Sandhya Rani.T 56. BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY PABACTERIOLOGICAL 56 PROFILE AND SPECTRUM OF SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN DIABETIC FOOT ULCER PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, PUDUCHERRY K. Jayarani 57. HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY ZINC CHLORIDE ON CERTAIN 57 TISSUES OF TELEOST FISH ESOMUS DANRICA P. Kavitha
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
58. STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF MERCURIC CHLORIDE ON THE HISTOLOGY OF 58 GILL, LIVER AND KIDNEY AND GLYCOGEN LEVELS IN LIVER AND MUSCLE OF CHANNA PUNCTATUS Prakash.B 59. LP(A) LEVELS IN DIABETES AND METABOLIC SYNDROME 59 T.Mohanalakshmi 60. SURVEY STUDY ON GASTRO-INTESTINAL PARASITES OF BUFFALO IN 60 CHEYYAR TALUK THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT Aruna. Mand N. Subramanian 61. STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF DETERGENT ON THE BIOCHEMICAL AND 61 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE FRESHWATER FISH TILAPIA MOSSAMIBICA M. Venu and N. Subramaniyan 62. STUDIES ON THE ANATOMICAL STUCTURS OF EARTH WORM, EUDRILUS 62 EUGENIAE TREATED WITH TARTRAZINE, A FOOD COLORING AGENT, IN THE FLOWER AND VEGETABLE WASTE Kalaivanan.K, S. Durairaj and G. Selladurai 63. BEHAVIOURAL STUDIES ON THE MEGASCOLECID EARTHWORM, LAMPITO 63 MAURITII EXPOSED TO SOME CHLORIDE FERTILIZERS Nagarajan.J 64. MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON MARPHYSA GRAVELYI (POLYCHAETA: 64 EUNICIDAE) FROM PULICAT LAKE Nathiya. J and E. Malathi 65. STUDIES ON THE EFFICIENCY OF EISENIA FOETIDA IN THE BIOCONVERSION 65 OF WASTES TREATED WITH THE FOOD COLOURING AGENT TARTRAZINE Padmavathi.G, S. Durairaj,G. Selladurai and K. Kalaivanan 66. NUTRITIONAL INDICES AS AN INDEX TO ASSESS THE FEEDING POTENTIALS 66 OF FOREST INSECT PESTS Pachaiyappan, S and S. Durairaj 67. EFFECT OF FOOD AND TEMPERATURE ON THE SURVIVAL AND BODY 67 LENGTH VARIATION OF THREE CLADOCERAN SPS Sonia. R1and R.Ramanibai2 68. STUDIES ON THE LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF VITEX NEGUNDO LEAF 68 EXTRACT AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS Poonguzali. J and M.Kalaivani 69. TOTAL HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIAAND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS 69 IN THE UPPANAR ESTUARY Premalatha.R 70. ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MORINDA TINCTORIA ETHANOL LEAF 70 EXTRACT IN A VIBRIO HARVEYI INFECTED FRESHWATER CRAB, OZIOTELPHUSA SENEX SENEX Srivalli M, J. Jayanthi and MG .Ragunathan 71. TO EVALUATE MESOCYCLOPS (CYCLOPOIDA: CYCLOPOIDAE) AS A 71 POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT AGAINST MOSQUITO LARVAE Kanniga. S and R.Ramanibai 72. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INDUSTRIALLY IMPORTANT 72 ENZYMES PRODUCING BACTERIA AND ITS OPTIMIZATION Pugazhvendan. S. R, N. B. Dhayanithi and S. Kumaran
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
73. DETERMINATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS 73 COLLECTED FROM PALAMAN RIVER, TAMILNADU Radhakrishnan. M.V and S.R. Pugazhvendan 74. HONEY- AN IMPORTANT NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCE (NTFP) - ITS 74 COLLECTION FROM NATURAL SOURCE IN KARNATAKA Soundararajan, V., Ravi Kumar, G., Murugesan, K., Prabakaran, S. and Manohar, P. 75. AGROECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTHOPPER 75 DIVERSITY IN KOLLI HILLS, TAMILNADU, INDIA Kumaresan, N, K. Ilango,L. R. Gopinath and R.Bhuvaneswari 76. STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF UNTREATED SUGARCANE MILL EFFLUENT 76 WATER ON BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN FRESHWATER FISH TILAPIA MOSSAMBICA Baskar. S and N.Subramaniyan 77. STUDY ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE FRESH WATER ZOOPLANKTONS IN 77 THE PONDS OF CHEYYAR TALUK THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT Ethiraj.S, N. Subramaniyan and N.Ramadas. 78. PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN CATTLE IN AND 78 AROUND CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT Vanisri V and N. Subramanian* 79. AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF S-ALLYLE CYSTEINE ON MERCURIC CHLORIDE 79 INTOXICATED RATS Erusan Bharathi and Ganesan Jagadeesan 80. EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS FOR PARASITES CONTROL 80 Asokan Bagavan and A.Abdul Rahuman 81. EFFECT OF FEEDING DIFFERENT DIETARY LEVELS OF ENERGY AND 81 PROTEIN ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE STATUS OF FRESHWATER FINGERLINGS (LABEOROHITA) N. Devika 82. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CANCER PREVENTION, DETECTION 82 AND TREATMENT Durgadevi R 83. ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 83 P.L. Kowsalya 84. CYSTIC FIBROSIS 84 P.L.Kowsalya, V.Saranya 85. PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN DOMESTIC PIGS 85 COLLECTED FROM CHEYYAR TALUK,THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT Gomathi. M and N. Subramanian 86. EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF KITCHEN SPICES 86 Durgadevi R
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCES
Dr. S.Uvarajan
Thiruvalluvar University College of Arts and Science, Thennangur.
Abstract
Cognitive neuroscience concurrent with cognitive psychology, and the manifestations of behaviour under the control of the brain. The margins between psychiatry psychology, and neuroscience have become fairly indistinct. Cognitive neuroscientists tend to have a background in experimental psychology, neurobiology, neurology, physics, and mathematics.
Cognitive science uses the experimental methods of cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence to create and test models of higher-level cognition such as thought and language. Cognitive neuroscience bridges these two domains. It maps higher-level cognitive functions to known brain architectures and known modes of neuronal processing, psychophysical experiments, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiological studies of neural systems and, increasingly, cognitive genomics and behavioral genetics
Disorders related to cognition are ADHD, Alzheimer's disease,Autism, Bipolar disorder, Depression, Schizophrenia. Cognitive Processes includes Attention, Language, Learning & Memory, perception and Thinking.
Clinical studies in psychopathology in patients with cognitive deficits constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. The main theoretical approaches are computational neuroscience and the more traditional, descriptive cognitive psychology theories such as psychometrics.
I wish the organisers for the effort in the conduct of this symposium. This symposium would create a platform to the researchers to perform further inventive research in this era notion of neurosciences.
1 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
TOXICITY OF CHLORFYRIFOS ON THE INTERREALATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHOLINERGIC AND AMINERGIC SYSTEM OF BRAIN IN WISTAR RAT
Karunakaran. V.C*, and S. Durairaj
PG & Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar - 604407.
*Dept. of Chemistry, SGS Canada Inc.,6490 Vipond Drive, Mississauga, Ontario, L5T 1W8, Canada
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos toxicity on neurotransmitter interrelationships was studied in Wistar strain of rat
with the determination of 50% lethal dose of chlorpyrifos (170 mg/kg; i.p). The LD50 dose affected significantly the levels of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, dopamine, nor epinephrine, epinephrine and hydroxy tryptamine. Few drugs were also chosen for pretreatment with the chlorpyrifos to understand the influence of toxicity of chlorpyrifos. Pretreatment with drugs like Pyridine-2-Aldoxime methiodide, atropine, reserpine and propranolol were also altered the level of neurotransmitters in the brain regions of rat. Besides, enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase activities were also significantly changed at various intervals. The influence of drugs on chlorpyrifos evoked varied responses in the brain regions which confirmed the regional heterogeneity. Apart from the biochemical analysis, body tremor and hypothermia were observed during the treatment of chlorpyrifos and drugs. These studies revealed the disturbances in the balance between cholinergic and aminergic systems as a result the involvement of chlorpyrifos in eliciting extra-pyramidal symptoms have been suggested.
2 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
EFFECT OF SEMI RIPE CARICA PAPAYA FRUIT PULP AND SEED EXTRACTS ON FRUCTOSE CONTITUENTS IN REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURE OF MALE ALBINO RATS
Punitha. N1, R. Saravanan2 and N. Shettu3
1P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College,Cheyyar 2P.G Department of Zoology, Dr Ambedkar Govt. Arts College, Chennai. 3P.G and Research Department of Zoology, pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai
Abstract
The present study was carried out to assess the effect of semi-ripe fruit pulp extract of Carica papaya (seeded and seedless fruits) on male albino wistar rats. The aim of the present investigation is to analys the mechanism of action of aqueous extract of seeded papaya fruit pulp and seed extract administered as a combined dose and seedless variety papaya fruit pulp extract on Fructose constituents in male albino rats.Sperm obtained directly from the epididymis contains hardly any fructose. During the passage through the male genital tract the semen acquires fructose from the accessory glands associated with reproduction, of which the seminal vesicles are the chief contribution of fructose. They provide the energy to the sperm for maintaining motility after ejaculation.
The depletion of seminal vesicle and testicular fructose in rats administered with papaya pulp extract and seed from seeded fruits invariably affects the sperm motility and viability since fructose serve as the driving energy of the sperms which are androgen dependent. The reduction is proportional to the circulating levels of testosterone. Similarly decrease in sperm qualities points to reduction in the circulating androgen level. This could also be an indication in the decreased levels of sperms in the epididymal region.
The quality and quantity of the sperm is altered by the Carica papaya fruit extract and seed which in turn may affect reproductive potential. This can be attributed to the antiandrogenic property of the extract. Fructose content showed a considerable decline in testis and seminal vesicle of both experimental groups.
3 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF NAPHTHALENE BALLS ON BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN COCONUT PEST RHINOCEROS BEETLE (ORYCTES RHINOCEROS) Seetu. K and N. Subramanian*
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604407,
Abstract
To understand the effect of Naphthalene balls on coconut pest Rhinoceros beetle was selected. The biochemical parameters like Protein, Glucose and Glycogen on Brain and Muscle of both control and Naphthalene balls exposed Rhinoceros beetle have been carried out. The beetles were divided into two groups, one is control group (N=6). Another one is Experimental groups (N=6). The experimental group beetles were exposed with Naphthalene balls (l ball/beetle). After 96 hours of exposure the beetles in experimental group were totally dead. The beetle in the control group untreated with any chemical, were showed healthy. After 96 hours of exposure the beetles from both control and experimental group were dissected out for the analysis of biochemical and histological studies. The concentration of protein in Brain and Muscle of control group of beetle showed 11.52±0.3µg/mg in brain, 26.26±0.1µg/mg in muscle. But the protein concentration in brain and muscle of experimental group of beetle treated with Naphthalene balls showed decreased level 9.23±0.3 (p<0.05) µg/mg in brain and 12.52±0.1 (p<0.05) µg/mg in the muscle. The concentration of Glucose in brain and muscle of control group of beetle showed 1.354±0.8 µg/mg in the brain and 0.924±0.1 µg/mg in the muscle. Where as in the experimental group the Glucose concentration was reduced 0.812±0.7 (p<0.05) µg/mg in the brain and 0.312±0.1 (p<0.05) µg/mg in muscle, were noticed. (p<0.05) statistically Significant. The concentration of glycogen in the brain of control group showed much higher level 2.866±0.9 µg/mg and muscle showed 1.473±0.1 µg/mg. But in the case of Experimental group the glucose content was lesser when compared to control group 1.256 ±0.8 µg/mg in Brain and 0.711±0.1 µg/mg in muscle. The brain of control group of beetle showed normal histology outer nerve fibers inner granular layers and neural bundles were arranged uniformly, in the case of experimental group of beetle treated with Naphthalene balls showed broken of neural bundles, scaterly arranged glial cells and disturbance of glandular layers were seen. On the other hand the muscle of control group beetle showed uniformly arranged dark and light bands with connective tissue. The sarcoplasm and sarcolemma are clearly arranged, but in the case of experimental group of beetle the muscle showed broken of dark and light bands, unevenly arranged sarcolemma of sarcoplasm. This may be due to exposure of naphthalene balls.
Key Words: Rhinoceros beetle, Naphthalene balls, Protein, Glucose, Glycogen, sarcoplasm.
4 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDY ON INTESTINAL PARASITES OF MADRAS RED SHEEP IN AND AROUND KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT
Sangeetha. M and N. Subramanian*
PG&Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar,
Thiruvannamalai District
Abstract
Study on intestinal parasites of Madras red Sheep in and around Kancheepuram district was carried out for six months from March 2014 to August 2014. Parasitoloical examination of dung samples revealed the eggs of Amphistomes, Moniezia sp, Strongyle, Strongyloides, Trichuris sp. and Eimeria sp. The overall prevalence of parasitic eggs and oocysts was 72 per cent. Of this overall prevalence of 72.0%, 36.0% was infected by nematodes, 26.0% by trematodes, 16% by protozoan parasite (Eimeria sp.) and 8.0% by cestodes. The most common gastrointestinal nematodes observed in this study was the strongyle group (32.0%) compared to Strongyloides (12.0%) and Trichuris sp. (4.0%). Among the age groups (Young and Adult), younger animals (<12 months) had higher infection of nematodes (20.0%) and Eimeria sp. (14.0%) while adult sheep (>12 months) had higher infection trematodes (14.0%). Among sex, male sheep had higher infection of nematodes (22.0%), tremaotode (12.0%) and Eimeria sp. (12.0%) while female goats had higher infection of cestodes (6.0%). Among the season (summer and monsoon), sheep had heavier infection of trematodes only during summer months (26.0%) whereas sheep had heavy infection of nematodes (26.0%), Eimeria sp (10.0%) and cestodes (6.0%) during monsoon months.
The worms collected from the rumen and duodenum was identfied as Paramphistomes viz., Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Fishoederius elongatus, F.cobboldi and Gastrothylax crumenifer. The worms collected from abomasum were Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei and Bunostomum trigonocephalum (Nematodes). The worms collected from intestines was identified as Moniezia expansa (Tapeworm) and the caecum was Oeophagostomum columbiunum and Trichuris ovis. Single infection of tematode (paramphistomes) and nematode had highest prevalence of 11 (22.00) and 8 (16.00%) respectively while tapeworm had the lowest with 1 (4.0%). Among the age groups (Young and Adult) , younger animals (<12 months ) had higher infection of trematode (32.0%) , cestode ( 18.0% ) and nematodes (26.0%) than the adult sheep. All the slaughtered sheep were males. Among the season (summer and monsoon), sheep had heavier infection of trematodes worms during summer months (52.0%) whereas sheep had heavy infection of cestode worms (16.0%) and nematodes worms (26.0%) during monsoon months.
Key words: Sheep, Madras Red sheep, intestinal parasites, Kancheepuram district
5 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDY OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS IN DRINKING WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT AREAS IN AND AROUND CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT
Muthu. M and N. Subramanian*
PG&Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar,
Abstract
Water is the major constituent of all living things and needed by them for various purposes. The drinking water samples were collected from ten different areas. Periya Koil Bore well (A), Periya Koil Pond (B), Kil pudhupakkam Bore well (C), Thiruvathipuram River (D), Valarpuram Bore well (E), Perunkalathur samathuvapuram Bore well (F), Perunkalathur Bore well (G), Vanniyanthangal open well (H), Thumbai open well (I) and Mangalam Bore well (J) of Cheyyar Taluk, Thiruvannamalai District.The Physical (Appearance, Color,Odour, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids and Electrical
Conductivity), Chemical (pH, O2, CO2, Salinity, Hardness, Calcium, Mangnesium, Sodium, Potasssium, Iron, Manganese, Free Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate, Phosphate and Tidys Test) and Biological parameters of all water samples were analyzed. All the water samples (except sample B), A to J were normal and clear appearance. The sample B showed greenish in appearance. The Colour and Odour of all water samples (except sample B) A to J showed Colourless, and Odourless. But the sample B showed greenish in Colour and algal Odour. The Turbidity of sample B showed 52 NT/Units which was beyond the permissible limit (1 to 5 NT/Units). The Total Dissolved Solids of all water samples were showed within the permissible limit. The normal range of TDS is 500 to 2000 mg/L. The sample A showed 546 mg/L, B showed 146 mg/L, C showed 510 mg/L, D showed 688 mg/L, E showed 716 mg/L, F showed 826 mg/L, G showed 386 mg/L, H showed 752 mg/L, I showed 672 mg/L and J showed 576 mg/L. The Electrical Conductivity of all water samples were normal range and not exceeding the permissible limit. The sample B showed algal present and high level of Turbidity (52 NT/Units).
All the Chemical parameters except iron concentration were within the permissible limit.O2,
CO2 and salinity of all water samples showed normal range. (0.41 ml of O2 /l, 1.78 ml of CO2/l, and 0.32 ppm). The pH of all water samples showed from 7.2 to 8.09. The Alkalinity of all water samples showed within the normal limit. The minimum of 36 mg/L in sample B and maximum of 380 mg/L in sample F were observed. The amounts of Hardness present in all the water samples were within the normal level. (36 mg/L to 336 mg/L). Calcium and Magnesium in all the water samples were within the normal level, but in sample B very low level of Calcium and Magnesium were observed (8 and 4 mg/L). Regarding Iron concentration, except sample B all the water samples showed absence of iron concentration. But sample B showed much higher level of (1.30 mg/L) iron concentration which was exceeded the permissible limit (0.3 mg/L). Manganese, Free Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate and Phosphate of all water samples (A to J) were showed very little amount in some sample they were totally absent. All the water samples except sample B are chemically potable but chlorination is necessary before the water is used for drinking purpose.
Key words:Drinking water, Physical, chemical and biological parameter, Thiruvannamalai district
6 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF “ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS” LEAF EXTRACT
A.Tamizhselvi
Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics Indo-American College, Cheyyar
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the preliminary Phytochemical screening of the leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus belonging to family malvaceae. The dried leaves of the plant were subjected to aqucous, acetone and ethanol successive extraction. All the extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and it showed the presence of active constituents such as alkaline, flavonoids, phenol and terpenoids. Quantitative determination of carbohydrates was done by ortho- toludine (OT) method, where as total protein was determined by lowry’s method were determined by the colorimetric method. Antibacterial activity of leaf extract were tested against E.coli, pseudomionas aeruginosa kubsiella pneumonia, staphylococcus aureus using standard disk diffusion method and also anti fungal activity of leaf extract against aspergillus nigar, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigates, aspergillus mucor. It’s confirmed that leaf extract is capable of endering high antimicrobial efficiency and hence as a great potential application as antimicrobial agent.
Key words:Abelmoschus, Phytochemical, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, aqueous extract, ethanol extract, acetone extract.
7 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
BREAST CANCER AND ITS ADVANCEMENT IN TREATMENT
M.Bhuvaneshwari
Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics, Indo-American College, Cheyyar
Abstract
At least one in nine women develops breast cancer at some stage in their life. About 48,000 cases occur in the United Kingdom every year. Mostly develops in women over the age of 50 but younger women are also sometimes affected. Breast cancer can also develop in men, but this is rare. Breast cancer develops from a cancerous cell which develops in the lining of a mammary duct or a lobule in one of the breasts. It follows the classic progression though it often becomes systemic or widespread in the early onset of the disease. During this period, the cancer may metastasize, or spread through lymphatics or blood stream to areas elsewhere in the body. If breast cancer spreads to vital organs of the body, its presence will compromise the function of those organs. Fatal death is the result of extreme case of vital organ function.
8 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
THE EFFECT OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (AD) AND IT’S TREATMENTS
Nandhagopalan. S, U.Aravind Kumar and R.Elumalai
Department of Biochemistry, Indo American College, Cheyyar.
Abstract
Alzheimers Disease (AD) Is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language and perception. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) results from and increase in the production or accumulation of a specific protein (beta–amyloidal protein) in the brain that leads to nerve cell death. In 2006, there were 26.6 million sufferers worldwide. Alzheimer’s is predicted to affect 1 in 85 peoples globally by2015.Advanced medical imaging with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),and with single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT)or positron emission tomography (PET)can be used to help exclude other cerebral pathology or subtypes dementia. The diagnosis can be confirmed with very high accuracy post –mortem when brain material is available and can be examined histologically .Plaques are made up of small peptides 39 -43 amino acids in length,called beta –amyloidal (also written as A –beta or Aβ).Beta –amyloid is a fragment from larger protein called amyloid precursor protein (APP),a tranmembrane that penetrates through the neurons membrane. A protein called tau stabilizes the microtubules when phosphorylated,and is therefore called a microtubule –associated protein. Apolipoprotein E (APOE)found on chromosomes 19 appears to be a predisposing genetic risk factor for the late on set of AD the most typical AD. APOE helps carry cholesterol in the blood stream APOE comes in several different forms , or allels .three forms –APOE Ɛ2 ,APOE Ɛ3 and APOE Ɛ4 occur most frequently .cholinesterase inhibitors most commonly prescribed for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease include Aricept (donezepil HCL ), Exelon (reivastigmine ),and Razadyne (galantamine).One of the most widely used drugs to treat the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease . Aricept is FDA –Approved for mild, moderate, and severe stages of the disease .
Keywords:: Alzheimers disease, beta –amaloid protein, CT, MRI, SPECT,PET, APP, APOE, DONEZEPIL.
9 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
IN VITRO STUDY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTICOAGULANT ACTIVITY OF AERVA LANATA (L) LEAF EXTRATS
Rajesh. S and K. Prabu*
Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics,Indo-American College, Cheyyar
Abstract
The present study deals with the phytochemical examination and anticoagulant activity of Aerva lanta leaf extracts (ethanol, aqueos and choloroform) on fresh human blood. All the extracts were found sufficient anticoagulant activity. Cardiovascular disease involving, storkes, hart attacks.and hypertension are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in world countries. Some plant extracts have the aticoagulant activity for treatment these problems. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the ethanol, aqueousand choloroform extracts prepared from Aerva lanata leaf extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones,catechins,oumarins,flavonoids,phenols, quinones, saponins, steroid glycosides, tannins and xanthoproteins. The current study was carried out to provide requisite phytochemical detail and anticoagulant activity in different extract of Aerva lanata.
Key words: anti-coagulant activity, aerva lanata.bllod coagulation,human plasma.
10 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
GENOME AND PROTEOME ANALYSIS OF BACE1 FOR ALZHEIMER DISEASE
Gopinath. G*, A.lokeshkumar, and E. Subha
Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics, Indo-American College, Cheyyar
Abstract
Genomic and proteomics analysis of BACE1 for Alzheimer disease using Bioinformatics Tools. The gene for BACE1 of Human Gi 46255014 was retrieved from gen bank, ORF, Exons , Promoter ,TF binding site ,splice site, frame shift error, Start codon ,Motif and BLAST was done structure of Bace1 probe was download in PDB and visualize under SPDB viewer. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the brain from which there is no recovery. The disease slowly attacks nerve cells in all parts of the cortex of the brain and some surrounding structures, thereby impairing a person's abilities to govern emotions, recognize errors and patterns, coordinate movement, and remember. Ultimately, a person with AD loses all memory and mental functioning.
Keywords:BACE1, Alzheimer disease, ORF, Exons , Promoter, TF binding site ,Splice site, Motif ,BLAST.
11 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
THE EFFECT OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHROMATUS (SLE) DISEASE
Nandhagopal. S,R. Kayalvizhi and I. Nirmaladevi
Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics, Indo-American College, Cheyyar
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythromatus, often abbreviated as SLE or lupus, is a systemic autoimmune disease (or autoimmune connective tissue disease) in which the body`s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue. SLE most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system. Global rates of disease varies from 20 to70 per 100,000.The disease is sex-related occuring nine times more often in women than in men, especially in women of child-bearing years (ages 15 to 35) . This Lupus Foundation of America estimates more than 90 percent of those affected will experience joint and /or muscle pain at some time during the course of their illness. The rash occur in 30to60% of people. A person with SLE may have inflammation of various parts of the heart, such as inflammation of fibrous sac surrounding the heart, heart muscle, and inner lining of the heart. Lung and pleura inflammation can cause pleuritis, pleural effusion, lupus pneumonitis, chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary emboli, pulmonary hemorrhage, and shrinking lung syndrome. Several techniques are used to detect ANAs. In addition, SLE can flare up during pregnancy, and proper treatment can maintain the health of the mother longer. Women pregnant and known have anti-Ro (SSA)or anti-La antibodies (SSB) often have echocardiograms during the 16th and 30th weeks of pregnancy to monitor the health of the heart and surrounding vasculature. Contraception and other reliable forms of pregnancy preventon is routinely advised for women with SLE, since getting pregnant during active disease was found to be harmful.
12 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
SYNTHESIS, CHARECTERISATION, AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM CARICA PAPAYA LINN. LATEX
Kanchana. A, K.Sindhu and B. Sarathkumar
Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics, Indo-American College, Cheyyar
Abstract
Discoveries in the past decade have clearly demonstrated that the electromagnetic, optical and catalytic properties of silver nanoparticles are strongly influenced by shape, size and size distribution, which are often varied by varying the synthetic methods, reducing agents and stabilizers. This study is the first report of one-step solvent-free synthesis of AgNPs using caricapapya plant latex. Among evaluated the latex, showed high potential to produce physicochemically distinct, small-sized and bactericidal AgNPs. Phytochemical screening showed presence of rich amount of biochemicals in these plants. The SEM analysis showed uniformly dispersed comparatively small-sized AgNPs. Zone of inhibition of bacterial pathogens Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, protease vulgaris, and klebsella pneumonia was observed for carica papaya latex-synthesized AgNPs with values 30, 40, 70, 60, and 60 ppm, respectively, after 24 h. Possible mode of action of AgNPs against pathogens was confirmed by analyzing enzymes and cell leakage. The synthesis of well-dispersed and ultrafine metal nanoparticles has great interest due to their distinctive physicochemical properties and biomedical applications.
13 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
EFFECTS OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA A.JUSS: MELIACEAE) LEAF AND SEED KERNEL EXTRACTS ON THE HAIRY LEAF CATERPILLAR (EUPTEROTE MOLLIFERA WALK - BOMBYCIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA) INSECT PEST OF MORINGA TREE (MORINGA OLEIFERA. LAM., 1785: MORINGACEAE)
1Kannan.M,,2 M. Jamal Mohammed,* and 3G. Balasubramanian
1,3PG & Research Department of Zoology,Aringar Anna Govt Arts Collage Cheyyar, 2C. Abdul Hakeem College, PG and Research Department of Zoology, Melvisharam.
Abstract
Moringa Oleifera as a drumstick tree is a small fast growing evergreen or deciduous tree that usually grows upto 10 or 12m in height. It has been known to us for a very long time for its nutritional and medicinal value. This tree is susceptible to several insect pests and diseases. The common pest of Eupterote mollifera treated with neem leaf water extract and neem seed kernel extract. Fresh leaves and seeds of Azadirachta indica (Neem) were collected from the field and shade for 3-4 days and then powdered leaf and seed powder was used for the preparation of 5.0% stock solution. The following concentration was prepared by experiment on 3.75%, 2.5%, 1.25%, 0.625%, 0.5%, and 0.25% against E. mollifera. After treatment, the caterpillars activities of feeding, body weight loss and gain results were observed and discussed.
Key words: Moringa oleifera, Neem leaf, Neem seed kernel, Eupterote mollifera.
14 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
EFFECT OF NEEM ON THE HISTOLOGY OF FISH OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS Arumugam. S, N. Ramadass and S. Durairaj
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar – 604 407.
Abstract
The global increasing problem of pollution since last few decades has put tremendous pressure on aquatic environment. Fish, one of the aquatic inhabitants, are good bio-indicators of water pollution. Among various types of pollution, pesticide pollution is a common phenomenon. The pesticides are non-biodegradable and accumulate in the food chain. Mostly they are prone to affect the nervous system causing tumors in living organisms. Now a days Neem oil, considered as biopesticide, has been used in many countries for crop protections. The continuous use of these pesticides resulted in the contamination of aquatic bodies and affecting severely to the non-target organisms. The widely used commercial neem product is used to understand the effect by studying the histology of various tissues of fish. The experiments were conducted on different concentrations such as 0.3ml/l, 0.4ml/l, 0.41ml/l, 0.43ml/l and 0.5ml/l for 96hrs; then fishes were dissected and removed the tissues such as brain, gills, muscles and liver for the study of histopathology. The present paper deals with the histopathological alterations of various tissues of fish.
Key words: fish Oreochromis mossambicus, neem, histopathology
15 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
MORPHOLOGY AND SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE DEEPSEA FISH GLOWBELLYACROPOMA JAPONICUM (GUNTHER, 1859) RECORDED FROM THE INDIAN WATERS
Babu. M* and A. Siva
PG & Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar *[email protected]
Abstract
Acropoma japonicum belongs to the family Acropomatidae (Glowbelly / Lanternbellies) and popularly known to occur in deeper waters. Its record in the east coast and west coast of India was studied for its morphometric, meristic, length & weight and also some biological aspects. The meristic analyses indicated that the high degree of correlation between total length and each of other body measurement. Morphometric counts and length frequency studies was found useful in characterizing its population. No significant difference could be observed in the mean values from a set of observations which is normally distributed from East Coast while comparing with the distribution of a single cohort of the species caught at west coast of India. In the present study, an attempt has been made to define identification characteristics and characterizing its population by studying its morphometric, meristic and size distribution. The morphometric relationships revealed that in respect of total length, the fork length grows faster (b=0.87) than standard length (b=0.81), whereas, body depth grows faster (b=0.27) than head length (b=0.22) and length of Ist dorsal fin grows faster (b=0.13) than IInd dorsal fin (b=0.11), in respect of head length as independent character (X), revealed that the pre-dorsal length grows faster (b=0.48) than the inter-orbital length (b=0.27) and the eye diameter (b=0.31). The females were found dominate the males in all the size groups, with an aggregate sex ratio 1.3:1. The length-weight relationship for males, females and pooled was found to be W=0.0302 L 2.603, W=0.0661 L 2.2485, and W=0.052 L 2.3522 respectively. The coefficient of determination for male, female and combined found to be 0.7163, 0.7227 and 0.7747 respectively, indicating that only 72%, 72% and 77% of variation in weight is explained by the total length in respect of male, female and combined. The species found to be mainly feeding upon the items like juvenile of the shrimps and occasionally on detritus. As there is no more information available on the abundance, maturation and spawning of the species from Indian waters the need of the hour is to workout resource specific stock assessment and its utilization for the future as more fishing pressure prevails up to 100m depth and also the future fisheries only towards deep sea resources.
Key words : Glowbelly/Lantern fish, Length Weight, morphometric relationship, Indian waters.
16 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ANTIFERTILITY EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Nathiya. S* and K. Devi Department of Zoology, Dhanabagyam Krishnaswamy Mudaliar College for Women (Autonomous), Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore- 632 002. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract
Medicinal plants are important elements of indigenous medical system in India as well as in other countries. Nowadays, the use of traditional medicines has received considerable interest for antifertility activity and a large number of plants have been screened for drug development. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set up a Task Force on Plant Research for fertility regulation with an objective to find new orally active non-steroidal contraceptive compounds. The antifertility effects of medicinal plants are due to the presence of active ingredients such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and fatty acids. The secondary metabolites are extracted by using the polar and non-polar solvents like water, ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, benzene and chloroform. The plants screened for the antifertility activites are Abrus precatorius, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Carrica papaya, Acalypha indica, Azadirachta indica, Melia azadarach, Piper betle, Aegle marmaelos,Cassia fistula, Mentha arvensis.The present study reveals the antifertility effect of medicinal plants, which may be useful for future practices.
Keywords: antifertility, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides
17 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
A REVIEW ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITES OFNIGELLA SATIVA
Shaista Jabeen. N and K.Devi
Dhanabagyam Krishna Swamy Mudaliar College for Women (Autonomous) Sainathapuram, Vellore-632001 Corresponding Author :[email protected]
Abstract
The usage of herbs to treat different ailments is universal, and exists on every human culture on earth. Different medicinal plants are available in our surroundings. Among them one such plants is Nigella sativa belongs to the family Ranunculaceae, known as black seed or black cumin, possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, including, carminative, Antidiabetic, stimulant, analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory and diuretic N. sativa oil (NSO) is a complex mixture that includes fatty acids, vitamins, pigments, and volatile components generated during many degenerative diseases. By HPLC analysis of N. sativa oil, thymoquinone (TQ), dithymoquinone (DTQ), thymohydroquinone, and thymol are considered the main active constituent which have antioxidant activities scavenging oxygen free radicals.Thymol, one of the constituents of Nigella seeds, exhibited hepatoprotective effect in rodents.The thymoquinone improved the anti–tumor activity in rats and mice most probably through its antioxidant action and killed cancer cells by process that involved apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The present review clearly illustrates the massive clinical and therapeutic potentials of N.sativa.
Key Words:N.sativa seeds, anti-tumor, thymoquinone, thymol, HPLC, anti-diabetic,
18 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
A REVIEW ON TRADITIONAL HERBAL MEDICINES FOR
TREATMENT OF HEPATIC DISEASES
Jagapriya. L and K. Devi
Dhanabagyam Krishna Swamy Mudaliar College for Women (Autonomous) Vellore-632001 Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract
Ayurveda and Siddha medicines are “Life – Knowledge” in India. The research in the Natural products from medicinal plants obtained either as pure compounds or Standardized extracts, provide unlimited bioactive compounds, seeking therapeutic drugs. Hepatic diseases are major worldwide health problem, which frequently found in developing countries. They are mainly caused by uses of high doses of chemicals and some drugs. There is no effective drug available that stimulates the liver function, offer protection to the liver from damage or help to regenerate hepatic cells. Therefore, there is an urgent need, for effective drugs to replace the chemical drugs. Medicinal herbs are a significant source of pharmaceutical drugs. The present work is focused to find out the compounds from the medicinal plants such asAndrographic paniculata, Chamomile capitula, Silybum marianum, Coccinia grandis, Flacourtia indica, Wedelia calendulacea, Annona squamosa, Prostechea michuacana, Ficus carica, Lepidiumsativum, Sargassum polycystum, Solanum nigrum, swertia chirata, Phyllanthus emblica, Curcuma longa, Picrorhiza kurroa, Azadirachta indica, Aegle marmelos, Cassia roxburghii, Orthosiphon stamineus, Jatropha curcas, Foeniculum vulgare, Trigonellafoenum graecum,Eclipta alba, Garcinia mangostanaamong these selected medicinal plants the syzygium cumini showed more hepatoprotective activity.
Key Words: Bio active compounds, syzygium cumini, Hepato-protective activity.
19 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON HAEMOCYTE TYPES AND TOTAL AND DIFFERNTIAL COUNTS IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV) INFECTED AND NORMAL FRESHWATER RICE FIELD CRAB Paratelphusa pulvinata (Herbst)
Anbarasan .E and G. Balasubramanian*
P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt.Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407
Abstract
The hematological changes between healthy and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa Pulvinata) were examined. The cumulative percent mortalities of freshwater crabs (P. pulvinata) showed that they were highly susceptible to WSSV, like marine shrimp. WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. Pulvinata, at 60 h after intramuscular injection of viral inoculum. The infection of WSSV was further confirmed by PCR analysis on moribund crabs revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA of 211 bp after electrophoresis of the PCR product, and no band was observed in the control group. The band was observed for extracts from haemolymph gills, hearts, muscle, hepatopancreas or muscle tissue of moribund crabs. Significant reductions in total haemocyte counts and contents were observed in WSSV-infected shrimp; no significant changes in healthy crabs. Significant changes in differential hemocyte counts (DHC) were observed in WSSV- infected crab, but a no significant changes were found in different hemocyte count in healthy crab. WSSV-infected crab the Differential haemocyte Granulocytes (GC) and Semigranulocytes (SGC) gradually increased but hyalinocytes cells (HC) gradually decreased.
Key words:Paratelphusa pulvinata ,white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), PCR, Differential hemocyte counts (DHC)
20 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON THE EXPERIMENTAL INFECTIVITY OF MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII NODAVIRUS (MRNV) AND EXTRA SMALL VIRUS (XSV) IN FRESHWATER RICE-FILED CRAB PARATELPHUSA PULVINATA (HERBST)
Arulvizhi. R and G. Balasubramanian*
P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407.
Abstract
The experimental infectivitychanges between healthy and M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) infected freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa pulvinata) were examined. MrNV and XSV failed to cause mortality in the species of freshwater crab (P.pulvinata) after intramuscular injection of viral inoculum after 9 d post infection. The infection of MrNV and XSV was further confirmed by RT- PCR analysis on crabs revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA of 425 bp for MrNV and 546 bp for XSV of the RT-PCR product, and no band was observed in the control group. The band was observed for extracts from gill tissue, heart muscle, eye stalk, hepatopancreas and muscle) and haemolymphafter intramuscular injection of viral inoculum after 9 d post infection crabs.
Key words: Paratelphusa pulvinata, Macrobrachium rosenbergiinodavirus,MrNV and XSV.
21 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRSUS (WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE FIELD CRAB Paratelphusa pulvinata (Herbst)
Gurumurthy. R and G.Balasubramanian*
P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407
Abstract
The biochemical changes between healthy and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa pulvinata) were examined. The cumulative percent mortalities of freshwater crabs (P. pulvinata) showed that they were highly susceptible to WSSV, like marine shrimp WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. pulvinata, at 60 h after intramuscular injection of viral inoculum. The infection of WSSV was further confirmed by PCR analysis on moribund crabs revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA of 211 bp after electrophoresis of the PCR product, and no band was observed in the control group.Total carbohydrate, glucose, total protein, amino acids and fatty acids were measured in healthy crabs and WSSV-infected crab. There was a significant increase in glucose and total carbohydrate levels in the hemolymph of WSSV- infected crabs in comparison to values for healthy crabs. The average total protein and free amino acids were significantly increased in hemolymph of WSSV infected crabs in comparison to values for healthy crabs. The fatty acid level decreased in hemolymph of WSSV infected crabs in comparison to values for healthy crabs.
Key words: Paratelphusa pulvinata, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), PCR, Biochemical analysis.
22 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON WHITE SPOTSYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE-FIELDCRAB (Paratelphusa hydrodomous) (Herbst)
Karthikeyan. N and G.Balasubramanian*
P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407
Abstract
The histopathological observations changes between healthy and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa hydrodomous) were examined. The cumulative percent mortalities of freshwater crabs (P.hydrodomous) showed that they were highly susceptible to WSSV, like marine shrimp WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. hydrodomous, at 84 h after intramuscular injection of viral inoculum. The infection of WSSV was further confirmed by PCR analysis on moribund crabs revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA of 211 bp after electrophoresis of the PCR product, and no band was observed in the control group. The band was observed for extracts from hemolymph, gills, hearts, muscle, hepatopancreas, and gut tissue of moribund crabs. Histopathological observations revealed the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies in organs such as eye stalk, head tissue, gill tissue, tail muscle and hepatopancreas of moribund crabs.
Key words: Paratelphusa hydrodomous, WSSV, PCR, Histology.
23 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGE IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATERRICE-FILED CRAB Paratelphusa hydrodomous (Herbst)
Kanniyammal. S and G.Balasubramanian*
P.G.and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407
Abstract
The hematological changes between healthy and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa hydrodomous) were examined. The cumulative percent mortalities of freshwater crabs (P. hydrodomous) showed that they were highly susceptible to WSSV, like marine shrimp WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. hydrodomous, at 84 h after intramuscular injection of viral inoculum. The infection of WSSV was further confirmed by PCR analysis on moribund crabs revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA of 211 bp after electrophoresis of the PCR product, and no band was observed in the control group. The band was observed for extracts from hemolymph gills, hearts, muscle, hepatopancreas, or muscle tissue of moribund crabs Significant reductions in total hemocyte counts and hemocyanin contents were observed in WSSV-infected shrimp; no significant changes in healthy crabs. Clotting time of hemolymph was determined in different groups of crabs and the results showed that the WSSV-injected crabs failed to clot. The hemolymph pH in
WSSV-infected crab increased when compared to healthy crab. The value of ammonia-N2.in WSSV- infected crab increased when compared to healthy crab.
Key words: Paratelphusa hydrodomous, WSSV, PCR, Hematological analysis.
24 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRSUS (WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE FIELD CRAB Paratelphusa hydrodomous (Herbst)
Iyyappan. A and G.Balasubramanian*
P.G.and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407
Abstract
The biochemical changes between healthy and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa hydrodomous) were examined. The cumulative percent mortalities of freshwater crabs (P. hydrodomous) showed that they were highly susceptible to WSSV, like marine shrimp WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. hydrodomous, at 84 h after intramuscular injection of viral inoculum. The infection of WSSV was further confirmed by PCR analysis on moribund crabs revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA of 211 bp after electrophoresis of the PCR product, and no band was observed in the control group.Total carbohydrate, glucose, total protein, amino acids and fatty acids were measured in healthy crabs and WSSV-infected crab. There was a significant increase in glucose and total carbohydrate levels in the hemolymph of WSSV- infected crabs in comparison to values for healthy crabs. The average total protein and free amino acids were significantly increased in hemolymph of WSSV infected crabs in comparison to values for healthy crabs. The fatty acid level decreased in hemolymph of WSSV infected crabs in comparison to values for healthy crabs.
Key words: Paratelphusa hydrodomous, WSSV, PCR, Biochemical analysis.
25 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGE IN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER RICE-FILED CRAB Paratelphusa pulvinata (Herbst) Dilliammal. P and G.Balasubramanian
P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407
Abstract
The hematological changes between healthy and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa pulvinata) were examined. The cumulative percent mortalities of freshwater crabs (P. pulvinata) showed that they were highly susceptible to WSSV, like marine shrimp. WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. pulvinata, at 60 h after intramuscular injection of viral inoculum. The infection of WSSV was further confirmed by PCR analysis on moribund crabs revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA of 211 bp after electrophoresis of the PCR product, and no band was observed in the control group. The band was observed for extracts from hemolymph gills, hearts, muscle, hepatopancreas, or muscle tissue of moribund crabs. Significant reductions in total hemocyte counts and hemocyanin contents were observed in WSSV-infected shrimp; no significant changes in healthy crabs. Clotting time of hemolymph was determined in different groups of crabs and the results showed that the WSSV-injected crabs failed to clot. The hemolymph pH in WSSV-infected crab increased when compared to healthy crab. The value of ammonia-N2.in WSSV-infected crab increased when compared to healthy crab.
Key words: Paratelphusa pulvinata, WSSV, PCR, Hematological analysis.
26 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV) INFECTED FRESHWATER CRAB Paratelphusa pulvinata (Herbst)
Rajkumar. S and G.Balasubramanian*
P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407
Abstract
The histopathological observations changes between heaithy and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected freshwater Rice-filed crab (Paratelphusa pulvinata) were examined .The cumulative percent mortalities of freshwater crab (P. pulvinata ) showed that they were highly susceptible to WSSV, like marine shrimp. WSSV caused 100% mortality in P. pulvinata, at 60 h after intramuscular injection of viral inoculum. The infection of WSSV was further confirmed by PCR analysis on moribund crabs revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA of 211 bp after electrophoresis of the PCR product, and no band was observed in the control group. The band was observed for extracts from hemolymph gills, hearts, muscle, hepatopancreas, and gut tissue of moribund crabs. Histopathological observations revealed the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies in organs such as eye stalk, head tissue, gill tissue, tail muscle and hepatopancreas of moribund crabs.
Key words: Paratelphusa pulvinata, WSSV, PCR, Histology.
27 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
INVESTIGATION ON THE TRIDAX PROCUMBENS ON THE DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI L.
Ravisankar. K and G.Balasubramanian*
P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt.Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407.
Abstract
The indigenous plants of this zone and it as supplementary diet to the silkworm Bombyx mori L. yields substantial information on the digestive physiology.Seventeen number of indigenous plants of Vellore zone have been screened for its supplementation of silkworm Bombyx mori L.The biochemical parameter viz., Glycogen. Reducing sugar, protein and lipid were assessed in the digestive system. The results were compared with control. The results clearly predicts that Tridax procumbens significantly influence the assessed biochemical constituents.Attention was also paid on certain digestive enzymes viz., protease, amylase and invertase.Due to the Tridax procumbers supplementation the assessed enzyme activities were enhanced.
Key words: Bombyx mori L. Tridax procumbens biochemical parameter, Glycogen
28 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON SCREENING OF SELECTED ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS FROM SOUTH INDIA FOR LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY AGAINST THE FILARIAL VECTOR CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS SAY (DIPTERIA: CULICIDAE)
Sumathi.S, A. Bagavan, G.Balasubramanian*
PG. and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407
Abstract
Laboratory tests were carried out on fourth instar larvae of malaria vector, Culex quinquefasciatus to the efficacies of petroleum ether, acetone, methanol and aqueous leaf extracts of Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae), Datura metal Linn,(Solanaceae), Ficus racemosa Linn. (Moraceae), Hyptis suaveolens (L.)Poit.(Lamiaceae),Sesbania grandiflora(L.) Poir (Fabaceae) and Tagetes erecta L. (Asteraceae) were exposed to different concentrations. Some plant extracts showed moderate, poor and nil mortality effect after 24 h of exposure.Bioassay test performed the leaves petroleum ether acetone, methanol and water extracts of Citrullus colocynthis, Datura metal, Ficus racemosa, Hyptis suaveolens, Sesbania grandiflora and Tagetes erecta tested against larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus at 1,000 ppm. The present study showed that all extracts have moderate larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality was found in the leaf petroleum ether extract of Hyptis suaveolens, tested against the fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.In conclusion, an attempt has been made to evaluate six plant extracts for larvicidal bioassay against the Culex quinquefasciatus. The results reported here open the possibility of further investigations of the efficacy on the larvicidal properties of natural product extract.
Key words: Culex quinquefasciatus, Plant extracts, larvicidal properties
29 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN AND AROUND TANNERY INDUSTRY OF ARCOT IN THE RIVER PALAR, VELLORE DISTRICT
Ravisankar. K and G. Balasubramanian*
P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt.Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407.
Abstract
The various physico chemical parameters were analysed. The concentration of heavy metals in the effluent of leather tanneries was analysed. Concentration of heavy metals, both in water and sediment samples was analysed. The concentration of heavy metals like Ferrous and Manganese were analysed. Ferrous and Manganese was highest in monsoon season.Concentration of Ferrous and Manganese was more in water sample of near tannery than in away tannery.Concentration of Ferrous and Manganese was more in sediment sample of near tannery than in away tannery.
Key words: Physico chemical parameters, Heavy metals, Water, Ferrous and Manganese.
30 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII NODAVIRUS (MRNV) AND EXTRA SMALL VIRUS (XSV) IN FRESHWATER RICE-FILED CRAB PARATELPHUSA PULVINATA (HERBST)
Vignesh. P and G.Balasubramanian*
P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407
Abstract
The histopathological observations changes between heaithy and M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV)infected freshwater Rice-filed crab(Paratelphusa pulvinata) were examined.. MrNV and XSV failed to cause mortality in the species of freshwater crab (P.pulvinata) after intramuscular injection of viral inoculum after 9 d post infection. The infection of MrNV and XSV was further confirmed byRT- PCR analysis on crabs revealed a distinct band of amplified DNA of 425 bp for MrNV and 546 bp for XSV of the RT-PCR product, and no band was observed in the control group. The band was observed for extracts from gill tissue, heart muscle, eye stalk, hepatopancreas muscle and haemolymphafter intramuscular injection of viral inoculum after 9 d post infection crabs.The gill epithelial cells were edematous and nuclei were hypertrophied with basophilic inclusions. The heart, the pericardium was thickened and highly vacuolated with hypertrophied nuclei. The myocardium was edematous, and hypertrophied nuclei were observed in cardiac cells.The Hypertrophied nuclei were observed in the abdominal muscle of infected crabs. No pathological changes or hypertrophied nuclei were observed in the hepatopancreas of infected crabs. However, the tubular epithelial cells of hepatopancreas were highly vacuolated.
Key words: Paratelphusa pulvinata, MrNV and XSV,Macrobrachium rosenbergiinodavirus.
31 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON LARVICIDAL PROPERTIES OF NYCTANTHES ARBOR PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST THE FILARIAL VECTOR CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS
Divya. M, A. Bagavan, G.Balasubramanian*
P.G.and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar-604 407,
Abstract
Laboratory tests were carried out on fourth instar larvae of malaria vector, Culexquinquefasciatusto the efficacies of Petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, and methanol and water leaf extracts of N. arbour were exposed to different concentrations. Some plant extracts showed moderate parasitic effects after 24 h of exposure. Bioassay test of Petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and water extracts of leaf and flower N. Arbour tested against larvae of C. quinquefasciatusat 1,000 ppm. The present study showed that all extracts have moderate larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality was found in the leaf Petroleum ether and flower water extracts of N. arbor, tested against the fourth instar larvae of C. Quinquefasciatus.
Key words: Culex quinquefasciatus, Plant extracts, larvicidal properties Nyctanthes arbor.
32 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
GC/MS ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES IN MORINGA OLEIFERA AND THEIR MEDICINAL PROPERTY
Gokila Devi. T, A. Revathi, and L. R. Gopinath
Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Institutions, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu.
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is commonly called as drumstick and horse radish tree which belongs to the subfamily of monogeneric and the family of Moringaceae. There are nearly 14 species in which M. oleifera is native to sub-Himalayan tracts of Northern India. It ranges from tiny herbs to large trees which grow up to 5-10m height. The leaves, Flowers and immature pods from theMoringa tree were used as a nutritive vegetable in many parts of the. Many papers reported that the leaves of Moringa was highly rich in Beta carotene, protein, vitamin C, Calcium, and potassium and it can also acts as an effective source of natural antioxidants. Apart from being highly nutritive Moringa can also be treated as an important medicinal plant for treating many prolonged diseases including cancer. More than 40 natural anti-oxidants with numerous other secondary metabolites of health importance are present in Moringa species.
GCMS analysis of secondary metabolites in M. oleifera in the present study identified six common compounds with methanol, ethanol and acetone as solvents Phytol, Vitamin E, Hexadecanoic acid, 2,6,10- trimethyll, 14-ehtylene-14-pentadecne, Hexadecanoic acid, trimethylsily, 14-ehtylene-14- pentadecne, Hexadecanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester and 3, 7, 11, 15-tetramethyl 2-hexadecen 1-o1. Hexadecanoic acid and its derivatives constitute the major percentage of area in all the solvents. These hxadecanoic acids are reported to have antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, hemolytic, anti- inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, nematicide and antihypertensive activities.
33 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
SACRED GROVES IN AND AROUND KOLLI HILLS AT NAMAKKAL DISTRICT
Kumaresan N. and K. Ilango Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai - 600 028 Abstract
Ancient classical evidence sacred groves can be obtained long back as Kalidasa’s Vikramuurvashiya. Sacred groves are one of the most valuable forest fragments of varying sizes, which are usually, have a most significant a number of edible and medicinal plants are found in these groves and its surroundings. The sacred groves are preserved by ancient Hindu religious people. (Gaddgil and Vartak 1975) The local people and some of the NGO’s protecting this full area. Some local people utilize these forests as collect flower, honey, fire wood especially medicinal plants etc. Traditionally tribal community takes turns to protect the sacred grove (Somashekar, 1998). In India sacred groves are sometime associated with temples or burial grounds. It may be loosely used to refer to other natural habitat to protected residence of a religious community grounds Gadgil and Vartak (1975). There has been a growing green plant such as Nakshatravana. Now a day we are called as Nadhavanam (Tamil). Kolli Hills situated at Namakkal District, which is belongs to dense forest there are more peaks and plan landscapes. There are more floral and faunal diversity; tribal peoples are cultivated crud method of medicinal value plants. In the present study we analysis and validated the most important medicinal plants.
Key Words: Kolli Hills, Namakkal District, Medicinal plants, traditional values.
34 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ANALYSIS OF ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVITY OF RHIZOSPHERE SOIL BACTERIA FROM SOLANUM NIGRUM AND AZADIRACHTA INDICA
Premalatha, K, Gayathri, P., Virgin Nisha, M., and Gopinath, L. R.
Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Instittuions, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu. Abstract
The present study reveals on identification and microscopic examination of the Rhizosphere soil bacteria. Gram staining was done as preliminary step for identification of the organism. For the isolated organisms IMVIC, carbohydrate fermentation, catalase, oxidase, starch hydrolysis test were done. And the isolated organism was confirmed by the 16S rRNA sequence. The isolated organism were identified as Streptomyces genus and Bacillus genus. By the further investigation Streptomyces was screened for the production of new antibiotics from the natural sources. The identifeid Bacillus sp. had antagonistic activity against the plant pathogens. It also had the capacity of controlling the fungal pathogens. And to study the antagonistic activity of the isolated species against the plant pathogens different parameters were maintained. The Bacillus species also had the capability of produce amylase for the industrial purposes. It was determined by the organism inoculated into the starch agar plates. Amylase exoenzyme that hydrolyses (cleaves) starch, a polysaccharide(a molecule which consists of eight or more monosaccharide molecules) into maltose a disaccharide (double sugars, i.e. composed of two mono-saccharides such as glucose .The isolates B,C and D showed the most related genus that was confirmed by the various biochemical tests. The antbiotic sensitivity was performed for the isolated bacterial species. In that Bacillus subtilis was highly resistant. The sample A (Streptomyces) was most sensitive to Gentamycin when compared to other antibiotics like kanamycin, streptomycin, Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Tetracycline, Nalidixix acid, Nystatin and it showed highly resistant to Nalidixic acid. The sample B (Bacillus subtilis) was most sensitive to the antibiotic Nystatin and resistant to Gentamycin, vancomycin, Nalidixic acid. The sample D was most sensitive to Erythromycin and Nalidixicacid and it resistant to Tetracycline.
35 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ISOLTION AND IDENTIFICATION EFFECTIVE DIESEL DEGARADAING BACTERIA
Karthika. R, S. Nandhini and L.R. Gopinath
Vivekananda Educational Institutions, Elayampalayam
Abstract
Among the various pollutants hydrocarbon has been one of the important pollutants in the environment which results from increasing transportation facility. Diesel is one of the major contribution of this hydrocarbon. The biochemical characterization of the bacterial isolates obtained from the diesel polluted soil revealed that 12 of them were gram positive and 3 gram negative. Among the 12 gram positive organism one of them were cocci showed positive to methyl red, catalase and mannitol test identified as Staphylococcus aureus as per Cappuccino manual, seven of them were methyl red negative, spore forming, starch caesin positive and VP positive identified as Bacillus anthracis four of them were positive for catalase and urease and positive for mannitol identified as Micrococcus. Among the gram negative organisms one rod species were positive to urease lactose and methyl red, indole and positive for EMB agar and identified as E. coli. Two of them were positive to starch and negative to indole, methyl red, VP and identified Pseudomonas.
The present study was able to steadily grow in different concentration of diesel increasing value of absorbance shows growth of the organism which shows high level of significance of growth. However, among the four species Pseudomonas and Micrococcus was able to grow well up to 4% of diesel.
36 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
EFFECT OF DIMETHOATE AND Cipadessa baccifera ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT ON Eudrilus eugeniae
Archaya, S,1Bhuvaneswari. R,2 and L.R.Gopinath3
1Department of Biotechnology, Selvam Educational Institutions, Namakkal 2Department of Zoology, Namakkal Kavignar Ramalingam Govt. Arts College for Women Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India-637001. 3Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Institutions, Namakkal
Abstract
Pesticides that are applied in agriculture fields may affect the non-target soil organisms including earthworms and significantly damage the ecosystem. Nowadays, insecticides are being used extensively in the control of crop pests, therefore production and consumption of insecticides has greatly increased in recent year’s causes ecological damage, soil and also induced serious health hazard among workers during manufacture, formulation and field application. The popularity of the plant products or phytoinsecticides has been increasing day by day because of their biodegradability, least persistence and expected to be below the toxic level of non-target (earthworms) organisms, as well as being economical and easily available. From the present study the use of Cipadessa baccifera plant extract has higher survival rate of earthworm were the dimethoate used treatment has low survival rate and high mortality percentage. The combined effect of plant extract and dimethoate has high survival rate and less mortality percentage of earthworm in compared to the dimethoate alone used earthworm. Therefore the use of chemical pesticides is toxic to the organisms present in the soil and it is also toxic to the environment. The use of plant extracts has insecticide is not only non toxic but it also safe to our environment and environment related organisms and easily degradable in the soil. Go green have safe environment.
37 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
EFFECT OF QUINALOPHOS AND Cipasdessa baccifera ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT ON SUCKERMOUTH CATFISH (Hypostomus plecostomus)
Bhuvaneswari. R1, Archaya. S2 and L. R.Gopinath 3
1Department of Zoology, Namakkal Kavignar Ramalingam Govt. Arts College for Women Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India-637001. 2Department of Biotechnology, Selvam Educational Institutions, Namakkal 3Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Institutions, Namakkal
Abstract
Pesticides have been widely used all over the world to control insects, pests and disease vectors. They ultimately find their way into aquatic habitats such as rivers, lakes and ponds, and have been found to be highly toxic not only to fish but also to the organisms, which constitute the food chain. The alternative method of protection from the chemical is using of plant based products to protect our environment. From the present study, the low concentration of pesticide also causes high mortality percentage and when the plant extract used even in higher concentration when fish exposed to large number of days the percentage of mortality was less. The use plant extract not only acts as insecticides, it is non toxic and easily degradable in the environment. The method of using the plant extracts may be the future perspective to protect our aquatic system and environment.
38 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF EFFECTIVE ORGANOPHOSPHATE DEGRADING BACTERIAL SPECIES FROM ADATHODA VASICA RHIZOSPHERIC SOIL
Shyamala1, S. Y., Gopinath1, L. R., Archaya2, S. and Bhuvaneswari3, R.
1Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Instittuions, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu. 2Department of Biotechnology, Selvam College of Technology, Namakkal, Tamilnadu. 3Department of Zoology, NKR Government Arts College For Women, Namakkal, Tamilnadu.
Abstract
Persistence of organochlorine pesticides in the environmental components like soil water and air enter into food chain cause variety of ailments to living organisms. In the present context excessive use of pesticide leads genetic adaptation by pests and develops into resistant strain which further compels diversifying the pesticide composition which becomes more toxic in the environment. Among the organochloride pesticides Quinalphos is one of the pesticides which is widely used in agricultural systems throughout the world as a result of which they persist in the soil, contaminate water, enter into food chain and effect living organisms exposed to it. Therefore the present study is designed to identify the effective quinalphos degrading bacterial strains from the A. vasica rhizosphere soil.
Eleven bacterial strains represents nine genera identified through morphological and biochemical tests with the help of Bergys manual of bacteriological classification, where it represented two gram positive rod with milky white colonies of Bacillus sp., Opaque colonies of Lactobacillus sp., cocci with smooth surfaced Micrococcus, two gram negative rod with bluish green opaque colonies of Pseudomonas sp. purple colored colonies of Chromobacterium sp., irregular shaped and mucoid colonies of Azotobacter sp., greenish opaque colonies of Vibrio sp. and other species include Agrobacterium and Lactobacillus sp. Among the different identified bacterial species P. aeruginosa found to be effective in quinalphos degradation the optimum temperature was 500C, the optimum pH was 7 and the suitable carbon source Dextrose. Degradation of 75ppm of quinalphos was achieved at 8th day by all three bacterial species however; P. aeruginosa was the highest with more than 95%.
39 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS L. AND ITS MEDICINAL PROPERTY
Sadhana, B. K.,1 Gopinath, L. R.1 and Archaya, S.2
1Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Instittuions, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu. 2Department of Biotechnology, Selvam College of Technology, Namakkal, Tamilnadu.
Abstract
Cissus quadrangularis Linn.,is commonly known as pirandai in tamil and veldt grape, devil's backbone, adamant creeper, asthisamharaka, hadjod. It is a succulent plant belonging to family Vitaceae whichhas medicinal properties like attaining weight loss, metabolic syndrome, menopause, libido, and menstrual disorders and in Ayurveda for complaints of back and spine. The extract from Cissus quadrangularis was found to haveanalgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity. The extract contains useful secondary metabolites like triterpenes, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, etc. Apart from regular traditional use of this plant it was also found that the plant has biologically active compounds with antimicrobial and anticancer property.
40 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ALAYSIS OF MICROBIAL CONSORTIA FOR EFFECTIVE BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Deepa, N,1 Archaya. S2 and L. R. Gopinath3
1Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Instittuions, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu. 2Department of Biotechnology, Selvam College of Technology, Namakkal, Tamilnadu.
Abstract
Methane fermentation can be divided up into four phases hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis. The degradation of organic matter is mediated by different consortia of microorganisms in syntrophic interrelation. Hydrolytic bacteria hydrolyse the polymeric materials into monomers such as glucose and amino acids through extracellular hydrolytic enzymes (cellulase, xylanase, amylase, protease and lipase) in this process some facultative anaerobes like Streptococci and Enterobacteriaceae also take part. Acidogenic bacteria convert the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia and other organic acids. Acetogenic bacteria convert the higher volatile fatty acids into acetate and hydrogen by obligate hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria like (Acetobacterium woodii and Clostridium acetium). However, hydrogen may be a limiting substrate for methanogens. This is based on the fact that addition of hydrogen producing bacteria to the natural biogas producing consortium increases the daily biogas production. At the end of degradation process two groups of methanogenic bacteria produce methane from acetate or hydrogen and carbon dioxide. These bacteria are strict anaerobes and require a lower redox potential for growth than most other anaerobic bacteria e.g. Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanococcus mazei and Methanotrix soehngenii, where all methanogenic bacteria are able to utilize hydrogen to form methane. Methanogenic and non methanogenic microorganisms differ not only in terms of their nutritional and pH requirements, but also with respect to their physiology, growth and nutrient uptake kinetics and in their particular ability to withstand environmental changes. The composition of microbial consortium depends on various factors such as substrate ingredients, temperature, pH, mixing or the geometry of the anaerobic digester.
41 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF EFFECTIVE ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING ACTINOMYCETES FROM RHIZOSPHERE SOIL OF Adhatoda vasica AND Azadirachta indica
Gopinath. L.R1, A.V.R. Jananni,1 S. Archaya2 and R. Bhuvaneswari3
1Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha Educational Instittuions, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamilnadu. 2Department of Biotechnology, Selvam College of Technology, Namakkal, Tamilnadu. 3Department of Zoology, NKR Government Arts College For Women, Namakkal, Tamilnadu
Abstract
Actinomycetes have the ability to produce a large variety of secondary metabolites, such as vitamins, enzymes and antibiotics. Microorganisms belongs to Actinomycetes supports many environmental applications, such as antibiotic productions, enzyme productions and polymer hydrolysis, synthesis of chemicals, soil bioremediation, biocontrol of diseases, and decomposition of organic matter. Actinomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere soil of medicinal plants produce industrially important secondary metabolites. Different types of antibiotics are produced from actinomycetes. The actinomycetes are also capable of degrading a wide range of hydrocarbons, pesticides, and feather waste. Actinomycetes produce enzyme inhibitors useful for cancer treatment and immune modifiers that enhance immune response. Actinomycetes strains with antagonist activity helps in controlling of plant pathogens. From our study we isolated actinomycetes strains from rhizosphere soil of medicinal plants Adathoda vasica and Azadirachta indica which has the high potential of antagonist activity against the Bacillus subtilis in comparing to the other organisms used. Thus the actinomycetes plays different role which has promising role in our future to protect from many destructions.
The colony count of Actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of A. vasica is lesser than the A. indica. Among the twelve Actinomycetes strains identified from rhizosphre soils 5 were Actinomycetes sp. (3 in A. vasica and 1 in A. indicia), 3 were Arthrobactor sp. (2 in A. vasica and 2 in A. indica), 2 Streptomycetes sp. in A. vasica and A. indica, 1 Actinobacterium sp. in A. indica and 1 Nocardipsis sp. in A. indica. Six effective and with diverse antagonistic Actinomycetes strains were found to be 3 Actinomycetes sp. (2 in A. vasica and 1 A. indica rhizosphere soil), Streptomyces, Actinobacterium and Nocardiopsis species of A. indica rhizosphere soil. Optimum temperature and pH for better growth of Actinomycetes were found to be 30°C to 40°C and 7 to 8 respectively. The growth of Actinomycetes species AVRSA1 strain under different carbon source showed better growth in D-mannitol, Cellulose, and sucrose. Growth of Actinomycetes species under different culture media showed better growth in Sucrose-nitrate and Malt extract. The 16s rRNA sequencing of actinomycetes AVRSA5 and AIRSA4 showed 925bp and 1197bpActinomycetes sp. and Actinobacterium sp. 42 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF CONTROL AND FIRE WOOD ASH (ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION WASTE) TREATED EXPERIMENTAL GROUP OF LOCAL SPECIES OF EARTHWORM (LAMPITO MAURITII) IN CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT
Murugan. Mand N. Subramanian* PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt Arts College, Cheyyar
Abstract
To understand the effect of firewood ash on vital organs of locally available earthworm Lampito mauritti was selected.The biochemical studies like protein, Lipid and Glycogen content in fore region, middle region and hind region of both control and wood ash treated experimental group of earthworm have been carried out.LC50 value was calculated before the experiment by the following method of Saptami Moitra and Verma (1997).The earthworm are divided into two groups, one is control (N=50) group another one is called experimental (N=50) group. The control group of earthworms was cultured 1 in native soil with cow dung. The experimental group of earthworm cultured in /10 of LC50 value (50g/kg of soil) of firewood ash with native soil and cow dung. The experimental period was one month (30 days).After 30 days of experiment earthworms from each group were collected and dissected out for the analysis of biochemical and histological studies.After 30 days of experiment the concentration of protein in the control group earthworm showed 11.4±0.22 µg/mg in fore region, 32.7±0.16 µg/mg in mid region and 12.6±0.10 µg/mg in hind region. But in the case of experimental group the earthworm showed highly reduced level of protein that is 6.4±0.10 µg/mg in fore region, 15.5±0.12 µg/mg in middle region and 11.3±0.11 µg/mg in hind region.After 30 days of experiment the Lipid content in both group showed variation. The glycogen content after 30 days of experiment. The control earthworm showed 24.9±0.22 µg/mg in fore region, 19.7±0.10 µg/mg in middle region and high amount of glycogen in hind region (29.5±0.28 µg/mg) were noticed. The experimental group of earthworm showed highly decreased level of glycogen content when compared to control group.After 30 days of experiment the histological sections were analyzed. From the results the control group of earthworm showed normal histology in all the three regions with outer layer, inner layer, gizzard, internal organs, testis and seminal vesicle. But in the case of experimental group the earthworms showed changes in the histological structure the outer and inner layers are disturbed. The internal organs and gizzard are degenerated and they were disappeared. This may be due to electricity production waste that is firewood ash treatment. The electricity production waste that is firewood ash contain the large amount of chemical substance called potassium oxide this may enter in to the body via food and alter the biochemical and also histological parameters
Key Words :Lampito mauritti, firewood ash, protein, glycogen, potassium oxide
43 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
THE ROLE OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION OF FLAXSEED, FENUGREEK AND JAMUN SEED ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN STREPTOZOTOCIN- NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
S. Latha
Department of Physiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry.
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitusis one of the leading causes of death in the world. Due to unwanted side effects of modern medicines, traditional medicines are become popular among the diabetic people
Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the Role of polyherbal formulation of flaxseed, fenugreek and jamun seed carbohydrate metabolism in Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide induced diabetic rats.
Materials and methods: Stretozotocin-Nicotinamide induced Wistar albino rats were used for this study. Polyherbal formulation (PHF) contain Equiproportional mixture of hydroalcoholic extacts of flaxseed, fenugreek and jamun seed (1:1:1).Diabetic animals treated with Poly herbal formulations and their individual herbs at the dose of 200mg/kg/body weight for 30 days. At the end of 31st day animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The liver and muscle were isolated for the analysis of glycogen and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes.
Results: The liver glycogen, muscle glycogen level and glycogen synthase activity was significantly (p<0.05) decreased with concomitant increase in glycogen phosphorylase and fructose 1, 6 diphosphatase activity were observed in diabetic group animal. the Treatment with Poly herbal formulation and their individual herbs significantly (p<0.05) increase the liver and muscle glycogen level as well as Glycogen synthase activity and significantly decreased the Glycogen phosphorylase, Fructose 1,6 diphosphatase activity. The percentage changes in the liver, muscle glycogen level, and carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme level in the PHF treated group from the diabetic group was greater when compared to their individual herbs.
Conclusion: This study evidently shows the synergetic action of Poly herbal formulation and also found to have high efficacy in maintaining carbohydrate metabolism when compared to their individual herbs in diabetes induced rat.
Key Words: Diabetes, glycogen, glycogen synthase, glycogen phoshorylase.
44 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
DETERMINATION OF VANCOMYCIN MIC IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FOR ISOLATES SHOWING REDUCED ZONE OF INHIBITION BY DISC DIFFUSION METHOD
Praveen Kumar.V, T.N.Ravi V.Sreenivasulu Reddy and B.Sai Ravi Kiran
Department of Microbiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry.
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of nosocomial and community acquired infections, causing high morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to the majority of antimicrobial agents available for clinical use, the glycopeptides vancomycin has been proposed as the drug of choice for treating such infections.Indiscriminate use of vancomycin leads to the emergence and spread of vancomycin resistance in multidrug resistant strains is of growing concern in the recent years.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) represents the concentration of antimicrobial at which there is complete inhibition of growth of organism. Measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics is an important aid to determine antibiotic resistance to the bacteria. The present study aims to determine the MIC of 240 Staphylococcus aureus which showed reduced zone of inhibition by Vancomycin disk diffusion test. Out of 240 S.aureus 225 isolates were VSSA (MIC≤ 2 µg/mL ), 12 were VISA (MIC 4-8 µg/mL) and 3 strains were VRSA (MIC>16 µg /mL ).
45 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN DIABETES MELLITUS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME
B. Sai Ravi Kiran
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry.
Abstract
Total antioxidant capacity assays have been designed to determine overall antioxidant power of samples contributed by antioxidant and other their interactions. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorder which includes hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action and both. Metabolic syndrome is cauterized by insulin resistance and the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and Diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress impairs glucose uptake in muscle, fat and decreased insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and atherosclerosis by directly affecting vascular wall cells. Oxidative stress involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases of metabolic syndrome. We assessed MDA, FRAP, Lipids in 200 patients of diabetes mellitus, 200 patients of metabolic syndrome and 200 healthy controls.
Increased total antioxidant status may not always represent ones heal their condition and condition with a low oxidative stress, suggesting that total antioxidant status may be used as sole indicator of oxidative stress.
Key words: Total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome.
46 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME AND DIABETES 2 MELLITUS PATIENTS
S. Nandini
Sri Krupa Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siddipet, Medak dist, Telangana
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder that affects about one in 15 women worldwide. The major endocrine disruption is excessive androgen secretion or activity, and a large proportion of women also have abnormal insulin activity. Many body systems are affected in polycystic ovary syndrome, resulting in several health complications, including menstrual dysfunction, infertility, hirsutism, acne, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Women with this disorder have an established increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and a still debated increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The diagnostic traits of polycystic ovary syndrome are hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovaries, after exclusion of other conditions that cause these same features. Initial diabetes screening of all women with PCOS was performed by fewer OB/GYNs (57%) than REIs (71%). Approximately 1/3 of both groups reported initial screening only for those with additional risk factors, and 3% reported no screening. Re-screening for diabetes was reportedly performed by similar numbers of OB/GYNs (49%) and REIs (53%). Re-screening was reportedly not performed by the remaining 51% of OB/GYNs and 47% of REIs. For initial screening, the 2 h glucose tolerance test (GTT) was reportedly used by fewer OB/GYNs than REIs (59% vs 72%), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) by more OB/GYNs (22% vs 8%), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by a similar number (19% vs 20%). For re-screening, GTT was reportedly used by a similar proportion of OB/GYNs and REIs (27% vs 32%), FPG was used more by OB/GYNs (43% vs 23%), and HbA1c was used less (30% vs 45%).It remains to be determined whether PCOS and type 2 diabetes mellitus represent with their phenotypic differences due to the presence or absence of a coincidental genetic defect at the level of the ovary or pancreas, respectively. The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome is unknown, but studies suggest a strong genetic component that is affected by gestational environment, lifestyle factors, or both.
Keywords:Diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, androgen excess, Genetic
47 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR ROLE OF FERAL COCKROACHES IN AMIRTHI FOREST,EASTERN GHATS, TAMIL NADU, INDIA(INSECTA: BLATTODEA)
Ezhumalai. P¹ and S. Prabakaran2
¹D.G.Vaishnav College,Chennai-600106 ²Zoological survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Chennai-600028.
Abstract
Cockroaches are an ancient and highly successful form of insects. They were among the group of arthropod and primitive insects that evolved during the first great radiation of insects. The various microorganisms are associated with cockroaches internally and externally. They play an important ecological role. They are, therefore an important part of the food for a number of organisms and they are an important part of the food web and also play an extremely important role in nutrient cycling in forest ecosystem. A majority of cockroach’sare detritus feeders with the help of endogenous cellulose play an important role in degrading plant materials in the forest ecosystem due to the variety of symbiotic bacteria and protozoan in their digestive enzymes. The burrowing, feeding and excretory activities of cockroaches influence the patterns of aeration, drainage, microbial performance, decomposition and nutrient availability of the forest ecosystem. This paper provides the detailed study of the biotic associations and their role of feral cockroaches collected from different parts of Amirthi forest, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India.
Key words: Biotic associations, feral cockroaches, Amirthi forest, Eastern Ghats and Tamil Nadu
48 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
MILLICOMPOST IS A FUTURE BIOFERTILIZER
Chezhian. Y and S. Prabakaran
Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai - 600 028
Abstract
Fertilizers and Pesticides play a vital role to improving agricultural productivity. Reaping range is depending on soil nutrition and soil texture of the field. Biofertilizer are nothing the product resourced from the biological product and it fixing the nutrient availability in the soil. Majority of chemical fertilizer are denatured the soil texture and causes pollution to environment; hence the biofertilizers are currently using to enhancing productivity and reduced the toxicity to environment. Millipedes are long-lived animals in comparison to most other terrestrial arthropods. Millipedes play main role of detritivorous invertebrates in enhancing decomposition of dead plant materials is to stimulate microbial activity. Millicompost is positive effect on plant growth over Vermicompost and Ordinary compost. Millipedes are increased the soil Humification and enriched the soil with minerals. Ambarish, Sridhar and Alagesan are identified and validated the Genus Arthrosphaera (Pill Millipedes) are worthful species for Millicompost. Aim of the present study to determined and validates the Nutrient composition of Millicompost from the commonly available millipede species such as Xenobolus carnifex,Trigoniulus corallines and Anoplodesmus saussurii.
Key words: Millicompost, common millipede and nutrient composition.
49 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
IN VITRO PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI FUNGAL ACTIVITY OF GANODERMA LUCIDUM
Naveen kumar. C1 and R. Srikumar2
1Dept. of Microbiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry. 2Dept. of Center for Research, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry.
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum, commonly referred to as Lingzhi, has been used in Asia country for health promotion for centuries. Bioproducts of Mushroom have multi beneficial effects for human welfare. Most of the medicinal extracts from mushroom are different forms of polysaccharides which strengthens the immune system without any side effect. Medicinal mushroom research has focused on discovery of compounds that can modulate the biological response of the immune cells. The Phyto- chemical screening and antifungal activity of Ethanolic extract (1000 mg/ml) of G. lucidum was tested against the strains of Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternate, Drashelaria sp. the species are compared with strains collected from Indian Type Culture Collection. The preliminary phytochemical screening of G. lucidumrevealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carbohydrates, glycosides, triterpenoids andphenolic compounds and the extracts were then subjected forthe Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination with the help ofmicro-dilution bioassay. The results from the present study supported the usage G.lucidum fruiting body as an ideal bio-pharmaceutics and suggested that the ethanolic extract possessed strong antifungal activity due to presence of rich phyto-chemical constituents. This study strongly suggests that G. lucidum be used as an antifungal agent in the development of new drug for the different fungal pathogenesis in humans.
Key Words: Ganoderma lucidum, Bioactive compounds, Antifungal activity.
50 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDY OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION IN DRINKING WATER SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM PERUNKALATHUR AND THUMBAI VILLAGE LAKES LOCATED NEAR CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT
Karthik. M and N. Subramanian* PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt Arts College, Cheyyar
Abstract
This study was conducated to assess the microbial contamination of Perunkalathur and Thumbai village lakes located near Cheyyar Taulk Thiruvannamalai District. Which is under severe stress due to agricultural runoffs, untreated sewage from the village and also from the surrounding residential layouts, and industrial discharge from the nearby units. As a result of these discharges, socio-economic and environmental services to surrounding community have severely deteriorated causing harm to the lake water quality as well as exacerbating health risks to local people in the surroundings areas who depend in part of entirely on the Perunkalathur and Thumbai village lakes for food, water farming, etc. The series of biochemical tests conducated on the water samples collected from major pollution source points between January and May 2016 around the lake showed the presence of intestinal pathogens such Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella ranging from 800-1000cfu/10 ml. To further suport the above study, an attempt was made to assess the health effects and socio-economics impact on the surrounding residential community on the extent and magnitude of the microbial infections caused by these pathogens through a questionnaire survey. Seventy Per Cent (70%) of the respondents confirmed the persistence of several cases of mircrobial infections, particularly among the farmer community. The above result indicates the severe nature of quality to improve the ecological profile of the lake as well as enhancing environmental health indices for the local population.
Key Words: Water pollution, pathogen, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella
51 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF CHICKEN IN AND AROUND CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT
Divyamery.R and N. Subramanian*
PG & Research Department Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar, TVmalai District
Abstract
A total of 50 intestines of domestic chicken were collected in and around Cheyyar, Thiruvannamalai district from April 2014 to September 2014. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 91.54%. Of this overall prevalence of 91.54%, 80.67% was infected with cestodes and 19.33% with nematodes. The collected tape worms (cetodes) were identified as Raillietina tetragona, R.echinobothridia, R.cesticillus, Cotugnia dionophora and Hymenolepis carioca) and nematodes were identified as Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum. The percentage of Raillietina tetragona, R.echinobothridia, R.cesticillus, Cotugnia dionophora and Hymenolepis carioca were 40.00, 13.85, 9.23 and 6.92 and 3.85%, respectively. Similarly the percentage of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum were 11.54 and 6.15%, respectively. The average number of parasite per chicken was 16.38, 14.44, 1.50, 2.0 and 2.6% of Raillietina tetragona, R.echinobothridia, R.cesticillus, Cotugnia dionophora and Hymenolepis carioca, respectively. Similarly the average number of parasite per chicken was 18.67 and 15.0% of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum, respectively.
Key words: Poultry, Gastrointestinal parasites, Thiruvannamalai district
52 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
EFFECT OF CONSUMPTION OF MILLET DIET ON DIABETES MELLITUS, TREATED AND UNTREATED PATIENTS COLLECTED FROM CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT
Hemalatha.M.D and N. Subramanian* PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt Arts College, Cheyyar
Abstract
Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus at different age group of both sexes were taken up for the present study. A total of 100 diabetes mellitus of the both sexes, male 56, and female 44 have been taken for the present study.The age group of male patients ranged between 30 – 80 years. Out of 56 male patients the incidence of diabetes mellitus is high 39% (22 patients), in the age group between 50 – 60 years. The lowest incidence of diabetes mellitus that is 4 cases (7.14%) in the age group between 30 – 40 years.The age group of female patients ranged between 30 – 80 years, out of 44 female patients the incidence is high 40.9% (18 patients) in the age group between 50 – 60 years. The lowest incidence of diabetes mellitus that is 5 patients (11.3%) is in the age group between 30 – 40 years.Majority of the patients are employers living in Cheyyar Taluk, Thiruvannamalai district. They belongs to Urban areas. Another important study in the present investigation is food habit of diabetes mellitus patients. Out of 100 patients selected 56 were males and 44 were females. Among 56 males 28 were taken medicine for diabetes and 28 were not taken any medicine for diabetes. Out of 28 patients treated with anti - diabetic drug 16 having the food habit of millet diet and 12 were having the food habit of Rice diet.The diabetic patients with anti – diabetic treatment having the habit of millet diet, showed normal blood sugar level. But the diabetic patients with anti diabetic treatment having the habit of Rice diet showed moderate level of blood sugar both FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar) and PP (Post Prandial blood sugar). In comparison to rice and millets diet the millet diet with low carbohydrate content, low digestibility and water soluble gum content (β – glucan) have been attributed to improve glucose metabolism. These grains release sugar slowly in the blood and also diminish the glucose absorption. Out of 28 patients with diabetic untreated with any anti diabetic drugs, 18 patients were having the habit of millet diet and 10 of them were having the habit of Rice diet. The untreated patients with millet diet showed normal level of blood sugar both FBS and PP, whereas the untreated patients without millet diet that is with rice diet showed High level of blood sugar level both FBS and PP respectively. On the other hand out of 44 female patients treated with anti-diabetic drug 15 with millet diet showed normal level of blood sugar in both FBS and PP. The 9 patients having the habit of Rice diet showed high level of blood sugar both FBS and PP. But in untreated Female patients 15 patients showed having the habit of Millet diet and 5 patients showed having the habit of Rice diet. The untreated patients with Millet diet showed normal level of blood sugar. But the untreated female patients 5 having the habit of Rice diet showed high level of blood sugar in both FBS and PP. Insufficient physical activity is one of the major causes of diabetes mellitus among the people of Cheyyar Taluk, Thiruvannamalai District, Tamilnadu. Unhealthy diet and obesity are also important factor for diabetes mellitus among people of Cheyyar Taluk, Thiruvannamalai District.
Key Words: Diabetes mellitus, Millet diet, Blood group, Age group.
53 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
COMPARETIVE STUDY OF PHYSICO – CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF POND WATER, AIR - CONDITIONED OUTLET WATER AND CHANGES IN THE HISTOLOGY OF FRESH WATER FISH TILAPIA MOSSAMBICA, TREATED WITH AIR-CONDITIONED OUTLET WATER
Govindhan.P and N.Subramanian*
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar – 604407.
Abstract
Two water samples A and B were taken up for the present study.Sample A (Pond water) collected from Kilpakkam village pond. Sample B (Air Conditioned out let water) collected from Computer Science Department, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College Cheyyar. The Physical and Chemical Parameters of both the water samples were analyzed before experiment.Two glass aquarium tank Capacity of 10 Liter were taken, one is called Control tank with Pond water, Another One is called Experimental tank filled with AC out let water. 15 fishes in each tank were introduced experimental period was 1 month (30 days).The Turbidity of sample A was 52.0 NT units which was beyond the permissible limit and the turbidity of sample B was 2.o NT units.Total dissolved solids were high in AC out let water 510 mg/L and low in pond water 146mg/L.The Electrical conductivity was also high in AC out let water (28 mho/cm) and low level in pond water (208 mho/cm).The pH of sample A showed 7.20 and the pH of sample B showed 8.09 more alkaline.The total alkaline was high in AC out let water 224 CaCo3 mg/L and low level of alkaline was observed in sample A 36 CaCo3 mg/L.
Total Handness also showed high level in AC out let water 184 CaCo3mg/L and sample B showed 36 CaCO3 mg/L.Chloride content was very high in AC out let water 56 cl mg/L and low in pond water 28 cl mg/L.Sulphate was also high in AC out let water 38 So4 mg/L and low in pond water 25 So4 mg/L. The histological study showed broken of neutral bundles and scatterly arranged glial cells were found in the brain of experimental group of fishes after 30 days of exposure. Marked edema active secretion of mucous in the gill arch and gill lamellae the gill became reddish due to hemorrhage caused by the damage of gill capillaries owing to high osmolysis are found in the gills after 30 days of experiment. Severe damage and marked proliferation of liver cells and necrosis of hepatic cells in the liver were found after 30 days of exposure of Air conditioning out let water. Great damage of renal tubules and glomerular edema were observed in kidney of experimental group after 30 days of experiment treated with Air conditioning out let water. Testicular inflammation, shrinkage of interstitial cells and vaculation of tubular cells were found in the testis of experimental group of fishes treated with AC outlet water after 30 days of exposure.
Keywards: Water pollution, Osmolysis,Testicular inflammation, proliferation
54 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA DURING TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY
Sandhya Rani.T
Department of Microbiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry
Abstract
Pregnancy causes a number of changes to a woman’s including anatomically and physiological changes. Asymptomatic bacteriuria may lead to high risk for maternal and foetal complications such as pyelonephritis, prematurity, low birthweight and perinatal mortality if untreated.This study was carried out to determine the bacteriological profile and susceptibility pattern in asymptomatic bacteriuria during trimesters (36weeks) of pregnancy. Out of 100 samples collected from pregnant women of all trimester attended OBG ward. In these 100 samples, 17 cases were culture positive,26 samples showed insignificant growth(<105ml),52 samples showed no Growth and 5 samples showed mixed growth.Out of 17 positive cases,9 cases showed significant bacteriuria during second trimester of pregnancy. E.coli was the most common organism in our study followed by others. In the present study, significant bacteriuria was present during second trimester itself 9(52.9%). Routine screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria is therefore recommended throughout pregnancy to avoid adverse maternal and foetal complications.
Key words: Vesicoureteric reflux, Prematurity, Asyptomatic bacteriuria,Pregnancy
55 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY PABACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND SPECTRUM OF SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN DIABETIC FOOT ULCER PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, PUDUCHERRY
K. Jayarani
Department of Microbiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry.
Abstract
Diabetic foot infection is a global concern and develops in regions with improper foot care and increases the lifetime risk for developing foot ulceration. This wound infection begins superficially, but with delay in treatment and impaired body defense mechanisms, can spread to the other subcutaneous tissues and to deeper structures ultimately leading to dreaded complications such as gangrene and amputations . The aim of the present study was to isolate the bacterial pathogens in patients with diabetic foot ulcers and to know their susceptibility pattern. Out of 124 samples collected from patients with foot ulcers were attended General medicine ward during the period of three months .Samples were processed as per CLSI guidelines. Out of 124 isolates,74 isolates (59%) were polymicrobial in nature and 50 isolates ( 40.5%) were Monomicrobial in nature.In our study among Gram negative pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common 48(38.70%), followed by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species,Proteus species, Acinetobacterspecies. Among 85 Gram positive isolates Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate 38(30.64%), followed by CONS and Streptococcus. In the present study, all the aerobic Gram-positive organisms were 100% sensitive to Vancomycin, followed by Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid ,Ciprofloxacillin ,Amikacin , and they were highly resistant to Ampicillin , Cotrimoxazole , and Gentamicin .6 MRSA strains were isolated .Gram- negative organisms were sensitive to Gentamycin, Imipenem, Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin .Except Pseudomonas was sensitive to Cefotaxim, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacilin, Imipenem, Piperacillin, Amikacin .6 strains were resistant to all antibiotics tested.This study directs us that proper management of diabetic foot ulcers with appropriate antibiotics for treating this infection and thereby preventing mortality rate.
Key Words: Acinetobacter species, Diabetic foot, Imipenem, MRSA starins
56 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY ZINC CHLORIDE ON CERTAIN TISSUES OF TELEOST FISH ESOMUS DANRICA
P. Kavitha
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College,Cheyyar
Abstract
In recent years, the industrial development and agricultural processes have resulted in the increases level of toxic metals in the environment. Zinc chloride widely used chemical industries have been investigated for histopathological changes on teleost fish Esomus Danrica. Fishes were exposed to sublethal concentration of zinc chloride i.e.56 ppm and sampled at 4, 10 and 16 days after exposure. The histopathological changes have been studied in gill, liver and intestine of fishes treated with zinc chloride. Histopathological changes such as distortion of epithelial cells, fusion of secondary gill lamellae and central axis completely damaged have been observed in the gill tissues. Enlargement of hepatocytes and with few vaculated cells, necrosis and hepatocytes are distintegrated and pycnosis (Enlargement of nucleus) have been observed in the liver. Appearance of a few goblet cells and slight shrinkage of columnar epithelial cells with prominent nuclei and have been noticed in the intestine tissues. The present study reveals that sublethal concentrations of zinc chloride induce histopathological changes in the gill, liver and intestine and the damages increase with increase in the duration of exposure.
Key words: Heavy metal, zinc chloride, histopathological effect, teleost fish EsomusDanrica
57 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF MERCURIC CHLORIDE ON THE HISTOLOGY OF GILL, LIVER AND KIDNEY AND GLYCOGEN LEVELS IN LIVER AND MUSCLE OF CHANNA PUNCTATUS
Prakash.B
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604407,
Abstract
In the present study, effect of mercuric chloride on the histology of gill, liver and kidney and the glycogen content of liver and muscle of Channa punctatus were carried out..Behavioural responses were observed in the control and mercuric chloride (heavy metal) treated fishes. In the control fishes, behavioral responses are normal and in the concentration of 3.33 ppm and 6.66 ppm of mercuric chloride the behavioural patterns were not affected. In the concentration of mercuric chloride 9.9 ppm, fishes were slightly affected. In the higher concentration of 13.2 ppm, 16.5 ppm, 19.8 ppm and 23.1 ppm, the fishes loss its equilibrium and settle down in the bottom of the tank and also swim vertical position. Fast opercular, jerky, vertical backward movements and mucus secretion were also high.
.Channa punctatus were exposed to different concentrations of mercuric chloride and determined LC50 value. It was found to be 16.5 ppm.The histological studies of Gill, Liver and Kidney were carried out. The histology of gill showed severe necrosis, damage of pillar cells, cardiac cells; also disintegrated primary and secondary lamellae.The secondary lamellae get fused. The histological studies of liver showed partially vacuolated. The sinusoids undergo disintegration and blood supply to the cells was decreased. It shows loss of boundaries of hepatic cells, and also loss it polyagonal shape. The degenerated blood capillaries also noted. Histological studies of kidney tissue showed, severely affected glomerulus tubular cells and desquamation of the epithelium. Degeneration of tubular cells and local necrosis, vacuoles were also appeared in some places.A decrease in the glycogen content of the liver and muscle in Channa punctatus on exposure of mercuric chloride was reported. The effect of mercuric chloride on the histology of gills, liver and kidney and the biochemical study of liver and muscle was compared in the similar studies reported by others suggested that the fish of Channa punctatus may be cultured in less polluted water.
58 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
LP(A) LEVELS IN DIABETES AND METABOLIC SYNDROME
T.Mohanalakshmi
Department of Microbiology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry
Abstract
Background and aims: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) deserve more clinical attention being the primary clinical outcome of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Indians are highly predisposed to MetS, insulin resistance and CVDs. Lipoprotein(a) Lp(a) is a emerging risk factors in the development of CVDs. Lp(a) is an independent determinant of aortic stiffness in elderly patients with diabetes. Type 2 DM is a worldwide endemic disease. Dyslipidemia is also a frequent disorder associated with diabetic patients. Lipid profiles can vary in Diabetes and metabolic syndrome patients. We investigated serum lipid profiles, Lpa levels in metabolic syndrome and in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: In this study 200 type 2 diabetic patients and 200 metabolic syndrome patients and 200 healthy control subjects were included. After 12-h overnight fasting, blood samples were obtained for analyzing the serum lipids, FBS and HbA1C. Results: Type 2 diabetic patients had higher serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride and Fasting blood sugar and HBA1C levels and lesser HDL- cholesterol, compared with the Metabolic Syndrome and control group (p<0.001). In Metabolic syndrome patients had higher serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride and Fasting blood sugar and HBA1C levels and lesser HDL-cholesterol, compared with the control group (p<0.001).The serum Lpa was found to be higher levels in metabolic syndrome compared with the type 2 diabetics and control subjects . The serum Lpa was found to be higher levels in diabetics compared with control subjects (p<0.003). Conclusion:elevated Lp(a) levels is a strong independent predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis.
Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Metabolic syndrome, Triglycerides, Cardiovascular disorder,Atherosclerosis
59 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
SURVEY STUDY ON GASTRO-INTESTINAL PARASITES OF BUFFALO IN CHEYYAR TALUK THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT
Aruna. M and N. Subramanian*
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar - 604 407
Abstract
A total of 50 dung samples were collected from non-descript buffalo. Similarly 50 gastrointestinal tracts of non-descript Buffalo was collected in and around Vembakkam, Cheyyar Taluk, Thiruvannamalai District. The work was carried out for six months from March 2016 to August 2016. Parasitological examination of dung samples revealed the eggs of Amphistomes, Moniezia sp, Strongyle, Strongyloides and Eimeria sp.The overall prevalence of parasitic eggs and oocysts was 76.00 per cent. Amphistome egg was the only trematode parasites identified in this study. Similarly in Cestodes, Monizia benedeni egg was identified in this study. Where as in Nematodes three types of eggs were identified viz., Strongyle, and Strongyloides eggs. In Protozoan parasites, Eimeria sp. was the only coocidian parasites identified in this study. Of this overall prevalence of 76.0%, 40.0% was infected by nematodes, 36.09% by Trematodes, 16% by protozoan parasite (Eimeria sp.) and 10.00% by cestodes .The most common gastrointestinal nematodes observed in this study was the strongyle (21.05%) compared to Strongyloides (2.63%). Among the age groups (Young and Adult), younger animals had higher infection of nematodes (24.0%) and Trematode (20.00%) than the adult cattle. Among sex, male cattle had higher infection of nematodes (24.0%), Tremaotode (20.00%) and Eimeria sp. (8.0%) while female cattle had higher infection of Cestodes (8.0%). Among the season (summer and monsoon), cattle had heavier infection of Trematodes only during summer months (32.00%) nematodes (30.00%), Eimeria sp (10.0%) and Cestodes (10.0%) during monsoon months. The worms collected from the rumen and duodenum was identified as Paramphistomes viz., Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Fishoederius elongatus, Gastrothylax crumenifer and Paramphistomum cevrvi. The worms collected from abomasum wasHaemonchus contortus, Mecistocirrus digitatus, Trichostrongylus axei and Oesophagostomum radiatum (Nematodes). The worms collected from intestines were identified as Moniezia benedeni (Tapeworm) and the caecum was Oeophagostomum columbiunum and Trichuris ovis. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection (worm count) was 86.0%. Among the age groups (Young and Adult), younger animals had higher infection of trematode (36.0%), nematodes (32.0%) and cestode (20.0%) than the adult buffalo. All the slaughtered buffalo were males. Among the season (summer and monsoon), cattle had heavier infection of trematodes worms during summer months (38.0%) whereas cestode (10.0%) and nematodes (32.0%) during monsoon months.
Key words: Buffalo parasites, gastrointestinal tract Dicrocoelium spp, Balantidium coli. Moniezia benedeni, Oeophagostomum columbiunum, Trichuris ovis,
60 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF DETERGENT ON THE BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE FRESHWATER FISH TILAPIA MOSSAMIBICA
Venu. M and N. Subramaniyan
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604407
Abstract
To understand the effect of subleathel concentration of detergent powder “Rin” on vital organs of fresh water fish Tilapia mossambica (male) was selected. The biochemical studies on brain, Kidney and Testis have been carried out. The histopathological studies on Brain, Gills, Liver, Kidney and Testis have also been carried out along with control group of fishes.Lc50 value was found out before the experiment by the methods of Saptami Moitra and Verma (1997).The fishes are divided in to two groups, one is control group (N=10). Another one is experimental group (N=10). The experimental group of fishes was treated with sublethal concentration of household detergent powder “Rin” at a rate of 3 mg/l per day (i.e) considered as 1/10 of Lc50 value. On 30th day of experiment the concentration of protein content in the control group of fishes (male) were showed increased level in Brain (20.00±1.52mg/g), Muscle (25.83±1.08mg/g), Liver (42.50±1.42mg/g), Kidney (38.33± 1.42mg/g), and testis (33.33±mg/g). But in the case of experimental group of fishes treated With sub lethal concentration of detergent powder “Rin” (3mg/1/day) showed decreased level of protein content in the Brain, 14.17±1.44mg/g ,Muscle, 19.38± 1.72mg/g, Kidney, 24.17± 1.7mg/g, and Testis, 23.33±1.59mg/, wet tissue. Whereas on 30th day of experiment the control group of fishes showed little bit increase in the carbohydrate concentration. Brain 1.72± 0.19mg/g, Muscle, 1.79.38± 0.12mg/g, Liver, 14.70±.21mg/g, Kidney, 1.84± 0.24mg/g, and Testis, 4.12± 0.38mg/g. But in experimental group of fishes treated with sub lethal concentration of detergent powder expect testis other tissues showed decreased level of carbohydrate content (Brain1.35±0.26mg/g, Muscle 0.9±0.14.mg/g, Liver, 12.89± 0.27mg/g) but in testis slightly increased level was found 5.40±0.029mg/g. But on 30thday of experiment slight increased level of cholesterol was noticed in all the tissues of control group of fishes (Brain 42.00±0.76mg/g, Muscle, 71.60±2.18mg/g, Liver, 73.21±2.02mg/, Kidney, 117.18±1.31mg/g, and Testis, 62.67±1.77 mg/g). But in experimental group of fishes more elevated level of cholesterol content were noticed in all the tissues expect Kidney and testis, (102.54±1.81mg/g)and (53.60 ±1.77mg/g) On 30th day of experiment, the brain, gill , liver, kidney, and testis showed normal configuration in control group of fishes not treated with detergent powder “Rin” But on 30th day of experiment the fishes treated with sub lethal “Rin” powder showed marked changes in brain, gill, liver, kidney, and testis. Broken of natural bundles and scatterly arranged glial cells were found in the brain of experimental group of fishes on 30th day experiment. Severe damage in gills and marked proliferation of liver cells and necrosis of hepatic cells in the liver in gills were found. Great damage of renal tubules and glomerular edema were observed in kidney. Testicular inflammation, shrinkage of interstitial cells and vaculation of tabular cells were found in the testis of experimental group of fishes treated with sub lethal concentration of detergent poede “Rin” on 30th day of experiment.
Key words: Tilapia mossambica, rin, detergent, cholesteral
61 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF EARTH WORM, EUDRILUS EUGENIAE TREATED WITH TARTRAZINE, A FOOD COLORING AGENT, IN THE FLOWER AND VEGETABLE WASTES
Kalaivanan.K, S. Durairaj and G. Selladurai PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar - 604 407 .
Abstract
Vermicomposting is a method by which waste materials are converted into useful products which are being widely used for agricultural, horticultural purposes, etc., The conversion of waste into compost by earthworm is one of the methods of management of waste. In this process several earthworm species have been utilized. In our study Eudrilus eugeniae has been selected to study the anatomical changes of the earthworm while converting flower and vegetable wastes into compost. In this study, the wastes selected were mixed with food coloring agent tartrazine to assess the toxic effect on the anatomical structures of earthworm of different regions. The histological sections of anterior, clitellar, middle and posterior regions of earth worm of control, flower and vegetable wastes and tartrazine treated were taken separately. In the control animal, the epidermis of the, Eudrilus eugeniae consists of an epidermal epithelium and an overlying fibrous cuticle. Below the epidermis, circular and longitudinal muscles were intact. The coelom was clearly seen. Along with this, lumen, blood vessels, chloragogen cells were clearly seen. The tartrazine treated section of clitellar region showed least changes when compared to control. The size of the blood vessel was reduced. The cuticle, epidermis and circular muscles were not changed much in the experiment. However, the coelom was enlarged. The supposed to be the pigment cells were reduced to a greater extent. . Inter vascular space was much reduced. Majority of the anatomical details were intact except few changes like the size of the lumen, number of the pigment cells and the size of the coelom. Only in certain regions the thickness of the body wall was reduced. The vegetable and flower waste and tartrazine were not much impact on the anatomy of the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae.
Key words: Vermicompost, Eudrilus eugeniae, tartrazine, vegetable waste, flower waste.
62 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
BEHAVIOURAL STUDIES ON THE MEGASCOLECID EARTHWORM, LAMPITO MAURITII EXPOSED TO SOME CHLORIDE FERTILIZERS
Nagarajan.J
PG and Research Department of Zoology,Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar - 604 407
Abstract
Behavioral studies on the megascolecid earthworm, Lampito mauritiii exposed to solutions of four chloride fertilizers were observed and the action of these fertilizers as “chemostimulent and toxicant” were studied. Withdrawal and exudatoin responses vary according to concentrations exist between withdrawal responses and exudation responses chlorides of ammonium, sodium and potassium. Higher withdrawal responses and exudation responses to ammonium chloride compared to sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride suggest that earthworms are more sensitive and antagonistic to ammonium fertilizers.
Key words: lampito mauitii, chemostimulent, exudation.
63 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON MARPHYSA GRAVELYI (POLYCHAETA: EUNICIDAE) FROM PULICAT LAKE
Nathiya. J and E. Malathi*
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604407. * Department of Zoology, Q.M.C. Chennai – 04.
Abstract
Marphysa gravelyi is a large worm with a soft body and is free living. They are found living in burrows in the muddy bottom of the lake the worms are also found to inhabit the oyster’s bed. The worm is dorso ventrally flattened. The body is metamerically divided by a number of segments arranged in a linear series. The anterior end of the body has a distinct head which consists of two main region are prostomium and the peristomium. The parapodia in the anterior and middle region different clearly form the parapodia in the posterior region. The parapodium bears a bunch of setae. The number of setal varies according to the location and the stages of maturity of the worm. The last segment of the body is called bygidium, examination of the coelomic fluid indicated that m.gravelyi is gonochoristic but sexual dimorphism is indistinct. The Present study explained about Morphological Structure of
Marphysa gravelyi.
Key words: Morphology, Marphysa gravelyi, bygidium, gonochoristic.
64 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON THE EFFICIENCY OF EISENIA FOETIDA IN THE BIOCONVERSION OF WASTES TREATED WITH THE FOOD COLOURING AGENT TARTRAZINE
Padmavathi.G, S. Durairaj,G. Selladurai and K. Kalaivanan
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringer Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604 407
Abstract
Waste management is a great concern in recent scenario and several ways have been attempted to manage the different the wastes produced from different sources. In the present work, wastes such as vegetable and flower have been selected and attempted to study the effect food coloring agent on the bioconversion of waste into compost. The earthworm, Eisenia foetida is selected for the present study. The efficiency of the conversion of vegetable and flower waste into compost in the form of micro and macro-nutrients by E.foetida has been analyzed on 25th day. The earthworm was obtained from Chithathur, Thiruvanamalai Dt., and maintained in our laboratory by using vermibed.Vegetable and flower waste were collected from the local market. Vegetable and flower waste of 100gm were mixed with garden soil and cow dung. Control was maintained simultaneously. In one pot, along with vegetable and flower waste commercial tartrazine was mixed to study the impact of tartrazine on the conversion of vegetable and flower waste into mineralization process. In all the pots, earthworm was introduced and maintained till 25 days. Micro and Macro nutrients such, N, P, K and Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu were analyzed on 25th day in the vegetable and flower waste along with control and tartrazine treated. Physical characteristics were also analyzed on 25th day of compost soil to understand the efficiency of earthworm in maintaining the physical status of the soil. Macro and micro nutrients were also increased significantly on 25th day. Nutrient analysis in the tartrazine treated waste was increased and inferred that tartrazine has least effect on the conversion of vegetable and flower waste into micro and macro nutrients. Physical property i.e., EC was also increased in the present study whereas the pH was stable in the analysis on 25th day and statistically insignificant. The efficiency of the earthworm has been understood in the present work.
Key words: Vermicompost, Eisenia foetida, tartrazine, vegetable waste, flower waste.
65 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
NUTRITIONAL INDICES AS AN INDEX TO ASSESS THE FEEDING POTENTIALS OF FOREST INSECT PESTS
Pachaiyappan, S and S. Durairaj
PG &Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar - 604 407.
Abstract
Feeding preference of forest insect pests such as Myllocerus viridanus and Dereodus denticollis was studied using teak and acacia leaves in laboratory condition by analyzing the nutritional indices such as consumption index (CI), approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI). The insect pests were collected from the plantations and maintained in the laboratory. Three types of experiments were conducted to understand the feeding potentials of the insects. In the first experiment, Dereodus sp., was fed with teak leaf for 24 and 48 hrs. In this experiment ECD and ECI were higher than the AD and CI. In the second experiment, Myllocerus sp., was fed with the teak leaf where the ECD and ECI were very less when compared with the results of first experiment. The third experiment showed the efficiency of the feeding nature of the Myllocerus with Acaica leaf where the food ingestion and food digestion were higher than the other two experiments whereas the AD and ECI were low when compared with the first two experiments. Food preference was assessed based on the results. Probably the Myllocerus sp., prefers mostly the acacia leaf than the teak leaf. The feeding potential indirectly reveals the nature of damage to the host plants. The results are considered as a measure to devise the strategy to control the plantations to avoid further damage in the form of growth and yield.
Key words: Myllocerus viridanus , Dereodus denticollis , teak, acacia leaves, nutritional indices
66 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
EFFECT OF FOOD AND TEMPERATURE ON THE SURVIVAL AND BODY LENGTH VARIATION OF THREE CLADOCERAN SPS
Sonia. R1 and R.Ramanibai2
1 Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College for Women, Walajapet – 632 513. 2Professor and Head,Campus Director, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai – 25. Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
The importance of aquaculture has gained momentum in many countries especially whose economies rely mainly on food export. Live feed is a general basic requirement for fish and shell fish to grow. Cladocerans have been documented as a potential live feed to substitute the use of the more expensive Artemia sp. and other seasonal zooplankton such as copepods in larviculture practices. In order to determine the potential application of this zooplankton in the larviculture industry, experiments on the propogation and nutritional enhancement of Moina micrura, Ceriodaphnia cornuta and Macrothrix spinosa were carried out in the present study. The cladocerans were collected and cultured under laboratory conditions for experimental purposes. The experiments were conducted at various seven different temperature regimes (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 25, 30, 35 ˚C) and with five different diets (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Oscillatoria sp. Yeast, Fish faeces). All the experiments were run in triplicate. The results reveal that food and temperature are the important factors essential for the survival and growth of cladocerans.
Key words: Claodcerans, Food, Temperature, Survival.
67 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON THE LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF VITEX NEGUNDO LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS
Poonguzali. J* and M.Kalaivani 1
Department, Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College for Women, Walajapet–632513.
Abstract
Plants are considered as a rich source of bioactive chemicals and they may be an alternative source of mosquito control agents. Natural products are generally preferred because of their less harmful nature to non-target organisms and due to their innate biodegradability. Many studies on plant extracts against mosquito larvae have been conducted around the world. The present study was done to find out the larvicidal activity of leaf extract Vitex negundo against first and second, third and fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito using standard procedure of WHO. Experiment was carried out with chloroform leaf extract of Vitex negundo. The chloroform extract of Vitex negundo was found effective and 60-70% mortality was observed in the present study. This plant extracts are easy to prepare, inexpensive and safe for mosquito control which might be used directly as larvicidal agents in small volume aquatic habitats or breeding sites around human dwellings.
68 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
TOTAL HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIAAND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN THE UPPANAR ESTUARY
Premalatha.R*
PG and Research Department of Zoloogy, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College for Women, Walajapet-632 513
E mail: [email protected].
Abstract
Uppanar Estuary receives considerable quantity of untreated domestic sewage and industrial effluents discharged from SIPCOT Area. The present study was carried out to record the physico - chemical parameters and Total Heterotropic bacteria in four stations in Uppanar Estuary of which two stations are effluent discharge site and other two are less influenced by pollution. The concentrations of nutrients were high in effluent discharge site. The Heterotrophic bacterial population varied from 5.4 X 10 3 to 9.4 X 107 CFU/ml in water and sediment samples. Highest bacterial density registered in polluted site may be due to high level of organic effluents. This study has also evidenced large input of nutrients into the estuary irrespective of seasons, mainly originated from domestic sewage and industrial effluents. The present study indicated that the Uppanar Estuary is highly contaminated, hence proper regulatory measures should be taken for the treatment of effluents before discharge.
Key Words: Bacterial isolates, Total heterotrophic bacteria, Marine pollution
69 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MORINDA TINCTORIA ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT IN A VIBRIO HARVEYI INFECTED FRESHWATER CRAB, OZIOTELPHUSA SENEX SENEX
Srivalli. M1, J. Jayanthi2 and MG .Ragunathan2
1 PG and Research Department of Zoloogy, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College (Women), Walajapet-632 513,
2 Deparment of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Gurunanak College, Chennai – 600 042,
Abstract
Shell fish production is a high value activity worldwide. Crustaceans tend to have the higher monetary value and annual world production is over 8 million metric tonnes. Loss due to diseases is a major problem in crabs, to control diseases, a number of antibiotics and chemicals are being used. This results in adverse environmental effects, emergence of antibiotic resistance and persistence of chemical residues in animals tissues. Medicinal plants as the alternative agents are effective to treat the infectious diseases and mitigate many of side effects that are associated with synthetic antimicrobials. The crab O.senex senex was injected with V.harveyi (0.1ml of 107 cfu/ml). After injection of bacteria the crabs were allowed to withstand for 96 hrs. After 96 hrs one group of crabs were dissected, some tissues and haemolymph were used for biochemical assays. Remaining bacterial injected crabs were treated with 0.05% of 80% Morinda tinctoria leaves ethanol extract (1000 ppm) after 96 hrs glucose level increased and protein level increased in the experimental group. These result suggested that the Morinda tinctoria could combact the microbial infection by stimulating the immune response in crab.
Key words: Glucose, protein, V.harveyi , O.senex senex, Morinda tinctoria.
70 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
TO EVALUATE MESOCYCLOPS (CYCLOPOIDA: CYCLOPOIDAE) AS A POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT AGAINST MOSQUITO LARVAE
Kanniga. S1 and R.Ramanibai2
1Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College for Women, Walajapet, Vellore District; Email Id: [email protected]
2Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 Email Id: [email protected]
Abstract
In recent years, the Dengue vector mosquitoes are big challenging problem to human beings. This study intends to evaluate a bio control option for controlling Aedes aegypti larvae (Dengue Vector). Cyclopiod, a Crustacean, belonging to copepod order may be a simple, environmental safe and may give permanent solution in controlling mosquito larvae.
Experiments were conducted under laboratory condition in order to find out the potential candidate of Cyclopoid species against Aedes aegypti. Cyclopoid copepods were collected from Velacherry lake at Chennai. The Aedes aegypti larvae required for experiments were reared under laboratory conditions using standard procedure.
Our results revealed that, Among Cyclopoid, five species belonging to Mesocyclops were able to feed/kill on Aedes aegypti larvae. They preyed upon 1st to 4th instars of Aedes aegypti larvae. The maximum predation rate was observed in Mesocyclops pehpeiensis and least predation was noticed in M.distinctus. The hierarchy of predation rate of Mesocyclops can be ordered as M. pehpeiensis > M. aspericornis > M. thermocyclopoides > M. hyalinus > M. distinctus. Through our findings we conclude that M. pehpeiensis can act as a potential bio control agent against the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti.
Keywords:Mesocyclops pehpeiensis , Dengue Vector, Biocontrol, Ades aegypti
71 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INDUSTRIALLY IMPORTANT ENZYMES PRODUCING BACTERIA AND ITS OPTIMIZATION
1Pugazhvendan. S. R*, 2N. B. Dhayanithi and 3S. Kumaran
1PG & Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College,Cheyyar - 604 407. 2Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai – 600 025, Tamil Nadu 3Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts & Science College, Kancheepuram – 631 561,
E-mail: [email protected]*
Abstract
Enzymes are the most important biomolecules used in various industries such as pharmaceutical, leather, laundry, food and waste processing industries, etc. Bacteria produces a variety of extracellular enzymes including proteases, amylases and lipolytic enzymes, phosphatase of great importance in industrial processes, However, to obtain enzymes for commercial uses, optimized process and reduction of production costs are necessary. The present study was carried out to isolate and characterize the potential bacteria to produce three industrially important enzymes. The soil samples were collected and inoculated into selective and differential media for the selection of bacteria which produce amylase, protease and phosphatase. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the three enzymes production were optimized based on temperature, pH and incubation time. Maximum activity of amylase, protease and phosphatase was produced as 215U, 175U and 151U respectively. The potential bacterium was identified as Bacillus cereus (GenBank: JQ580958) based on 16SrRNA gene sequencing method.
Keywords: Amylase, protease, phosphatase, Bacillus cereus, enzyme optimization.
72 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
DETERMINATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS COLLECTED FROM PALAMAN RIVER, TAMILNADU
Radhakrishnan. M.V1* and S.R. Pugazhvendan2
1P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Chikkanna Government Arts College, Tiruppur - 641 602 2PG & Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar - 604 407 E.mail: [email protected]
Abstract
In the aquatic environment, despite the presence of constitutive or enhanced antioxidant defence systems, increased levels of oxidative damage will occur in organisms exposed to contaminants that stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. The increased ROS production and subsequent oxidative stress has been associated with a pollutant-mediated mechanism of toxicity in fish organs. The present study has been designed to understand the oxidative stress response modulation in fish gill and liver focusing on the various antioxidants that counter peroxidative damage in the fish Oreochromis mossambicus collected from Palaman river, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu at different seasons viz.,Post Monsoon (January, February and March); Summer (April, May and June); Pre-Monsoon (July, August and September) and Monsoon (October, November and December). The average of monthly data was taken for representing the seasonal data. The analysis of the physical as well as chemical parameters of water such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chloride, sulphate, nitrate and BOD using standard protocols. In general, the water quality parameters were within the permissible limit. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were analysed and the mean SOD and CAT activities were found to be significantly higher in liver (P < 0.05). However, the activity of gill CAT was found to be significantly lower (P < 0.05). The mean activities of G6PD in liver and gill were also studied. The G6PD enzyme values were significantly higher in the liver, whereas the activity of G6PD in the gill of fish was lower (P < 0.05). The values of GSH in liver of the fish were observed to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) whereas GSH levels in gill values were lower. The mean values of LPO in liver and gill of the O. mossambicus were found to be higher. Particularly in gill tissue, LPO level was found to be about 6 times higher.
Key words: Oreochromis Mossambicus, Oxidative Stress, Plaman river.
73 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
HONEY- AN IMPORTANT NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCE (NTFP) - ITS COLLECTION FROM NATURAL SOURCE IN KARNATAKA
Soundararajan, V1., Ravi Kumar, G1., Murugesan, K1., Prabakaran, S2. and Manohar, P.1
Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleshwaram, Bengaluru, Karnataka - 560 003 Southern Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Chennai - 600 028
Abstract
Honey is a natural product has a long history of its human consumption that has been widely used for its therapeutic effects. Natural honey has been reported to contain about 200 substances and is most commonly consumed in its unprocessed state. It is taken as medicine, eaten as food, or incorporated as an additive in a variety of foods and beverages. Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) collection is at the heart of the livelihood options of around 100 million forest dwellers in India living in and around the forest. Out of this 70 million belongs to scheduled tribes. Karnataka State is having 42, 48,987 tribal population (2011), of whom 50,870 belong to the primitive group. Although these people represent only 6.95 per cent of the population of the State, there are as many as 50 different tribes notified by the Government of India, living in Karnataka, of which 14 tribes including two primitive ones are primarily natives of Karnataka State. Ethnic tribes, the Scheduled Tribe population comprise some of the better known tribes like the Soligas, Yeravas, Todas and Siddhis etc. Honey is most important NTFP collected by the tribals in Karnataka. Honey is classified as a minor forest produce (NTFP) of animal origin Honey as a natural product, through interaction of complex botanical and zoological species, generates a unique market.
Collection of honey has been a traditional occupation of the tribals and forest dwellers. There are many tribal families who engage in honey hunting for their livelihood. The giant honeybee Apis dorsata commonly referred to as the “ rock bee” is a large open nesting species which hangs a single large comb from high tree branches, rock cliffs and lives in colonies with a population ranging from 25,000 to 80,000 bees in a single colony (Reddy, 1988). Major part, of India’s total honey production of approximately 60 thousand ton per annum, comes from wild bees. Honey collection is regularized by the Large Sized Adivasi-Multi Purpose Cooperative Societies (LAMPS) in Karnataka. There are 23 large sized Adivasi-Multi Purpose Co-operative Societies working in Karnataka State. These societies have been organized with the objective of improving the social and financial status of the Adivasis. These societies are having members 94,462. The important benefit to the tribals offered through LAMPS and Lamps Federation is the highest price for their NTFP collection. In Karnataka, the major activity being honey collection from natural forests and total honey production of approximately estimated around 250 tons per annum.. In this paper, honey collections in Karnataka through LAMP societies are discussed.
Keywords: Honey, Tribal, Karnataka, Western Ghats, Tribal livelihood.
74 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
AGROECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTHOPPER DIVERSITY IN KOLLI HILLS, TAMILNADU, INDIA
Kumaresan,1 N, K. Ilango,1L. R. Gopinath2 and R.Bhuvaneswari3
1Zoological Survey of India, Southern Region, Santhome, Chennai -600 026 2Department of Biotechnology, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science for Women, Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637205 3Department of Zoology, Namakkal Kavignar Ramalingam Government. Arts College for Women, Namakkal-637001
Abstract
Kolli Hills is one of the hilly tracts of southern peninsular India which falls in the Eastern Ghats region with an average altitude of 1300 meter amsl altitude. These hills are surrounded by thick forest with fourteen village panchayat, inhabitants of these villages are known as malayali tribes and agriculture is the main occupation of these tribal communities. Agriculture of these villages or households are grassing land (Maichal Kadu) adjoining the forest, Backyard garden (Kolla Kadu) adjoining the houses, upland cultivation (Mettang Kadu) slope land and Valley land (Vayal) wetland cultivation.
Grass lands are traditionally used for grassing ground for animals, now these are still under same use amongst the remote villages. Villages near the roads transformed these grass lands into plantations with silver Oak, teak, etc. however some of the villages intermittent to these two cultivate pepper along with sparse silver oak trees. Presently these areas are being attempted to cultivate coffee, tea, etc. Traditionally local tribal community of Kolli Hills used to cultivate variety of fruits, vegetables, rare pulses and some medicinal plants as backyard cultivation which is still being continued by the remote villages but, in the recent past these areas are being used to cultivate fruit orchards, coffee, etc., in the villages near the roads and people in the intermittent villages cultivate fruits, coffee, vegetables and some pulses. Slope lands were used to cultivate upland rice, millets, pulses, etc. by the traditional tribal communities but, the people living in the villages near the roads largely cultivate tapioca and people from intermitted villages cultivate mainly pulses in these regions. Wet lands in the valley are used to cultivate Colocasia, banana, turmeric, rice, cardamom, etc. by the traditional communities living in the remote villages. Communities living in the villages near the roads cultivate only rice and communities from intermittent villages cultivate rice, turmeric, etc.
The study revealed that Gundur Nadu, Valapur Nadu, Selur Nadu, Valavanthi Nadu and Thirupuli Nadu farmers (46.76%) completely transformed their agriculture to cash crops, Chittur Nadu, Eapuli Nadu, Alathur Nadu and Ariyur Nadu farmers (38.23%) under the process of transformation of their agriculture systems towards commercial crops, Gundani Nadu, Devanur Nadu, Thinnanur Nadu, Perakkarai Nadu and Bail Nadu farmers continue to practice traditional agriculture. Estimation of planthoppers revealed that Kolli Hills consists of 22 planthopper species in 16 genera. Planthoppers in different agriculture systems ranged from 3.67 to 24.67, highest was recorded in transformed agriculture systems followed by systems under transformation and least in the traditional agriculture systems with P value less than 0.001.
75 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF UNTREATED SUGARCANE MILL EFFLUENT WATER ON BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN FRESHWATER FISH TILAPIA MOSSAMBICA
Baskar. S and N.Subramaniyan*
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604407,
Abstract
To understand the effect of sublethal concentration of untreated sugarcane mill effluent water on vital organs of fresh water fish Tilapia mossambica was selected. The biochemical studies on Brain, Muscle and Liver have been carried out. The histological studies on Brain, Gill, Liver, kidney, Testis and ovaries have also been carried out along with control group of fishes.LC 50 value was found out before the experiment by the methods of Saptami Moitra and verma (1997).The fishes are divided into two groups, one is control group (N=10). Another one is experimental group (N=10). The experimental group of fishes were treated with sublethal concentration of untreated sugarcane mill effluent water at a rate of 2ml/lit/per day (i.e.) considered as 1/10 of LC50 value. After 30 day of experimental fishes from each group was dissected out for the analysis of biochemical and histological studies. After 30 day of experiment the concentration of protein content in the control group of fishes were showed. 157±0.23 mg/gm in Brain, 105±0.10 mg/gm Muscle and 183±0.10 mg/gm in Liver. But in the case experimental group of fishes treated with sublethal concentration of untreated sugarcane effluent water showed decreased level of protein content in the Brain 55.3±0.19 mg/gm, Muscle 60±0.10 mg/gm, and Liver 130±0.10 mg/gm wet tissue. After 30 days of experiment the Brain, Gill, Liver, kidney, Testis and ovaries showed normal configuration in control group of fishes not treated with sugarcane effluent water. But in the case of experimental group of fishes after 30th day of experiment treated with untreated sugarcane water showed marked changes in Brain, Gill, Liver, Kidney, Testis and ovaries. Broken of neural bundles and scatterly arranged glial cells were found in the brain of experimental group of fishes after 30 days of exposure.Marked edema active secretion of mucous in the gill arch and gill lamellae. The gill became reddish due to haemorrhage caused by the damage of gill capillaries owing to high. Osmolysis are found in the gills after 30 days of experiment.Severve damage and marked proliferation of liver cells and necrosis of hepatic cells in the liver were found after 30 days of exposure of untreated sugarcane mill effluent water. Great damage of renal tubules and glomerular edema were observed in kidney of experimental group after 30 days of experiment treated with sugarcane mill effluent water.Testicular inflammation, strinkage of interstitial cells and vaculation of tubular cells were found in the testis of experimental group of fishes treated with sublethal concentration of sugarcane mill effluent water after 30 days of exposure. Ovaries showed atritic follicle and degeneration of youlk granules. The ovaries were disintegrated and the oocytes were scatterly arranged due to the effect of sugarmill effluent water.
Key words: Sugarcane mill effluent water, Toxicity, Protein, Necrosis,
76 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
STUDY ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE FRESH WATER ZOOPLANKTONS IN THE PONDS OF CHEYYAR TALUK THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT
Ethiraj.S, N. Subramaniyan* and N.Ramadas.
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604407,
Abstract
In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyse the zooplankton composition of (qualitative and quantitative) 3 different freshwater ponds of Cheyyar Taluk, Thiruvannamalai District between June 2014 and August 2014. Qualitative and Quantitative analysis of zooplankton were carried out in the following ponds 1.Kilpudhupakkam village pond, 2. Madurai village pond and 3. Parasur village pond. The following species of Rotifers, Copepods, Cladocerans and Ostracods were identified in the 3 ponds. They are Brachinmous caudatus, Brachinous diversicornis, Brachinous forficula, Brachinous calyciflorus. Of the 3 ponds, the Parasur pond showed the highest number of individuals during the study period. The lowest number of individuals of 193 /litter was observed in Kilpudhupakkam pond. Of the different zooplankton groups, the Nauplius showed the highest density (600.6/litter) during the study period in the Parasur pond. Of the different Zooplantkton groups the Rotifers Ovigerous showed the lowest density (3/litter) during the study period in parasur pond. Result indicate high productivity of zooplankton for fishes (personally observed) in well protected ponds such as Kilpudhupakkam Pond, Madhurai pond and Parasur pond. Domestic sewage, agricultural pesticides and anthropogenic activites polluted the ponds; which in turn the resulted, in poor diversity and density of zooplankton, remedial degradation of these fresh water ponds. The zooplankton, can be mass cultured and used in rearing of commercially important fishes and prawns.
Key words: Zooplankton, Brachionus candatus, rotifers, copepods, cladocerans.
77 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN CATTLE IN AND AROUND CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT
Vanisri V and N. Subramanian*
PG & Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar,
Abstract
A total of 50 dung samples and 50 gastrointestinal tracts were collected from non-descript cattle slaughtered in and around Cheyyar taluk, Thirvannamalai districts of Tamil Nadu over a period of six months from March 2015 to August 2015. Parasitological examination of dung samples revealed the eggs of Amphistomes, Moniezia sp, Strongyle, Strongyloides and Eimeria sp. The overall prevalence of parasitic eggs and oocysts was 76.00 per cent. Of this overall prevalence of 76.0%, 40.0% was infected by nematodes, 36.09% by trematodes, 16% by protozoan parasite (Eimeria sp.) and 10.00% by cestodes. The most common gastrointestinal nematodes observed in this study was the strongyle (21.05%) compared to Strongyloides (2.63%). Among the age groups (Young and Adult), younger animals had higher infection of nematodes (24.0%) and trematode (20.00%) than the adult cattle. Among sex, male cattle had higher infection of nematodes (24.0%), tremaotode (20.00%) and Eimeria sp. (8.0%) while female cattle had higher infection of cestodes (8.0%). Among the season (summer and monsoon), cattle had heavier infection of trematodes only during summer months (32.00%) whereas cattle had heavy infection of nematodes (30.00%), Eimeria sp (10.0%) and cestodes (10.0%) during monsoon months.
The worms collected from the rumen and duodenum was identfied as Paramphistomes viz., Cotylophoron cotylophorum, Fishoederius elongatus, Gastrothylax crumenifer and Paramphistomum cevrvi. The worms collected from abomasum were Haemonchus contortus, Mecistocirrus digitatus,Trichostrongylus axei and Oesophagostomum radiatum (Nematodes). The worms collected from intestines was identified as Moniezia benedeni (Tapeworm) and the caecum was Oeophagostomum columbiunum and Trichuris ovis. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection (worm count) was 86.0%. Among the age groups (Young and Adult), younger animals had higher infection of trematode (36.0%), nematodes (32.0%) and cestode (20.0%) than the adult cattle. All the slaughtered cattle were males. Among the season (summer and monsoon), cattle had heavier infection of trematodes worms during summer months (38.0%) whereas cattle had heavy infection of cestode worms (10.0%) and nematodes worms (32.0%) during monsoon months.
Key words:Cattle, non-descript, Gastrointestinal parasites, Prevalence, Thiruvannamalai district
78 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF S-ALLYLE CYSTEINE ON MERCURIC CHLORIDE INTOXICATED RATS
Erusan Bharathi1 and Ganesan Jagadeesan2
1 PG & Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar - 604 407.
2 Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar- 608 002.
Abstract
Mercury is considered to be toxic to most organisms when present at appreciable levels. The present experimental study to investigate the efficacy of S-Allyle cysteine on mercuric chloride intoxicated Rattus norvegicus. At sub- lethal dose of mercuric chloride (1.23 mg/kg body weight) was administrated in rats for 7 days through oral dose. In the present experimental study, the following biochemical and bio-enzymological studies were carried out to find the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and Reduced glutathione (GSH) and Super oxidedismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT),
Glutathione peroxidase (GPX)activities in whole liver tissue. The results revealed that treatment with mercuric chloride caused marked elevation in the level of free radicals (LPO) and simultaneously decreased in the level of SOD, CAT, GPX, activitiesand GSH content in rat liver tissue. The S-Allyle Cysteine (5 mg/kg body weight) treatments on followed mercury intoxicated rats were restoring these oxidant and antioxidant activities near to normal level when compared to mercuric chloride intoxicated rats. These results suggested that the protective efficacy of S-Allyle Cysteine on mercuric chloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats have been proven.
Key words:Mercuric chloride,S-Allyle Cysteine LPO, SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH.
79 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS FOR PARASITES CONTROL
Asokan Bagavan1 and A.Abdul Rahuman2
1 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College,
Cheyyar – 604 407
2Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam - 632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
Objective: Novel approaches to parasites control are needed especially in the tropics and sub- tropics to counteract the problem of high cost of synthetic chemicals and parasitic resistance. This has led to the use of medicinal plants with anti-parasitic properties. Methods: The present study was based on assessments of the anti-parasitic activities to determine the efficacies of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of Argemone mexicana L., Aristolochia bracteolata Lam., Datura metelLinn.,Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels, Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir and Moringa oleifera Lamarck were exposed to different concentrations against sheep fluke Paramphistomum cervi Zeder, 1790 (Digenea: Paramphistomatidae), fourth instar larvae of Anopheles subpictus Grassi and Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae). Results: The highest toxic effect on parasites were found in the leaf ethyl acetate of Argemone mexicana, methanol of Aristolochia bracteolata, Datura metel and acetone extract of Sesbania grandiflora against the Paramphistomum cervi (LC50 =571.48, 562.79,
798.09,482.69 ppm; LC90 = 1908.44, 2032.07, 2749.85 and 1773.38 ppm), the ethyl acetate of Argemone mexicana, methanol of Aristolochia bracteolata, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of
Phyllanthus acidus against the Anopheles subpictus (LC50 = 129.96, 35.32, 65.16, 75.33 ppm; LC90 =
500.62, 149.40, 260.11 and 298.90 ppm) and against the larvae of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (LC50 =
126.85, 115.58, 32.17, 125.52 ppm; LC90 = 541.64, 466.93, 136.49 and 524.70 ppm) respectively. Conclusions:The present results demonstrate that the leaf acetone extracts of Sesbania grandiflora, Phyllanthus acidus and methanol extracts of Aristolochia bracteolata may serve as effective parasites control in their crude form.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Solvent extracts, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles subpictus
80 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
EFFECT OF FEEDING DIFFERENT DIETARY LEVELS OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE STATUS OF FRESHWATER FINGERLINGS (LABEOROHITA)
N. Devika
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, , Cheyyar – 604 407
Abstract
The present study was conducted to observe the effect of feeding dietary level of an energy and protein on growth performance status of freshwater fingerlings fish from the Indian major carp. The collection of experimental animals used, preparation of formulated feeds containing 40% and 50% of plant (Mentha arvensis, Amaranthus tristis, Ctenopodium album and Trigonella femum graecum) protein with and without inclusion of seaweed (Gracilaria edulis) meal and management for the growth of animal, quantitative estimation of fatty acid analysis in the Labeo rohita fingerlings. The experiment was conducted for 78 days on 31to 50 days old acclimatization and 51 to 78 days-old fingerlings used for the experiments, which are individually weighed and distributed into different groups. Each group was further subdivided into triplicates having five in each. Complete feed was formulated using the sources of increasing levels of plant protein varying from 40% to 50% and decreasing levels of animal protein varying from 20% to 10% along with standard concentration of carbohydrate, lipid, vitamins, minerals, ocimum and binder. The above said feeds I and II were mixed with various concentration of seaweed meal 5%, 10% and 15% for experimental feeds III, IV, V, VI VII and VIII formulated. Growth parameters in terms of Specific growth ratio, and Feed conversion ratio and Feed conversion efficiency measured. ANOVA of the result of the study examined highly significant between the groups. It can be concluded that the inclusion of seaweed meal promote the growth performance for fingerlings when compared to the animals fed without inclusion of seaweed meal. However, the seaweed meal added in the formulated feed may help for the production of quality seed of Labeo rohita. The survival of animals was good throughout all the experiments. During the experimental periods, water temperature ranged 28ºC -29ºC, pH ranged 7.5 -7.8 and water salinity 3.03ppt were maintained along with room temperature ranged 29ºC -32ºC. Higher energy with medium protein diet positively reflects to obtain desirable performance economically. Conclusion: It was positive inclination toward ratio containing high protein and energy which influence the immune response of fingerlings to obtained desirable performed economically. It’s suggested from this study that 40% of plant protein enhanced the best growth performance.
Keywords: Labeo rohita, Gracilaria edulis andfingerlings
81 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CANCER PREVENTION, DETECTION AND TREATMENT
Durgadevi R
Department of Microbiology, Indo- American College, Cheyyar.
Abstract
This paper is an overview of advances and prospects in applications of nanotechnology for cancer prevention, detection and treatment. This paper with a brief description of the underlying causes of cancer. Then it addresspreventive treatment, disease-time treatment and diagnosis in the context of some of the most recent advances in nanotechnology. Nanoparticle science is also briefly addressed as the foundation upon which most nanotechnology cancer therapy is based. It is explained how nanotechnology can help solve one of the most challenging and longstanding problems in medicine, which ishow to eliminate cancer without harming normal body tissue.
Keywords: Cancer, folate receptor,nanotechnology, nanoparticles, melanoma,nanocrystal,zinc oxide,titanium oxide,octyl methoxycinnamate,oxybenzone..
82 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
P.L. Kowsalya
Department of Biochemistry, Indo American College, Cheyyar - 604 407
Abstract
The application of biotechnology are so broad and the advantages so compelling, that virtually every industry is using this technology . Development are underway in areas as diverse as pharmaceuticals diagnostics, forestry,animal and plant biotechnology, etc. Biotechnology is enabling these industrty to make new or better produts. Thus, animal biotechnology impproves the food are eat-meat,milk and eggs. Biotechnology can impact on the environment and biotechnology enhances ability to detect , treat and prevent diseases. Just like other assisted reproductiion techniques such as artificial insemination, embryo transfer and invitro fertilization, livestock cloning improves animal breeding programs allowing farmers and ranchers to produce healthier offspring and therefore produces healthier, safer and higher quality foods more consitently.
83 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
P.L.Kowsalya and V.Saranya
Department of Biochemistry, Indo American College, Cheyyar - 604 407
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder , it is therefore transmitteed only from parents to their childrens. This disease is an chromosome 7 and as it is transmitted in a recessive way , it is necessary that the two parents carry the defective gene. To be carrying gene means of two genes to have reached one. If the two parents carry it, they have one chance out of four to have a child who has inherited it. Moreover half of their offspring will carying the disease, even if it does not show. In europoe a new born baby out of 2000 develops it and one person out of 20 carries the disease . Cystic fibrosisis due to anomally in the cells producing mucus. It blocks the respiratory tracts and un like the mucus of a healthy person. And it should be diagnosed by blood test , x-ray, etc. Treated by lung trasnsplant, oxygen theraphy, etc.
84 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF KITCHEN SPICES
Durgadevi R
Department of Microbiology, Indo-American College, Cheyyar - 604 407
Abstract
In those days it is not necessary to construct an artificial antibiotic to treat infection and disease. Because our ancestors have made our food, medicine. But nowadays our daily food habits gets changed by the mixing of foreign diet cultures, which have made a great influence in our immune system. It is necessary to resist a pathogen through antibiotics. Hence, the search for new antibiotics never ends. Fruits, spices and vegetables form an integral part of daily diet. They have received a great deal of attention from researchers owing to their wide range of disease healing properties. So that we have evaluated some kitchen spices for antimicrobial properties. Kitchen spices such as cinnamon, clove, pepper, dry ginger and cumin were grounded well. And using acetone as solvent, extracts were prepared. These extracts were impregnated in discs made of Whatman’s filter paper. Through disc diffusion assay (Kirby-Bauer method), zone of inhibition were recorded. The results obtained shows that cinnamon has higher antibacterial activity against bacillus. We conclude that Indian spices has high antibacterial activity. We recommend to add those spices in daily food, in order to enhance immunity against pathogen.
Key Words: Antimicrobial property, kitchen spices, disc diffusion assay, antibacterial activity.
85 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES IN DOMESTIC PIGS COLLECTED FROM CHEYYAR TALUK, THIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT
Gomathi. M and N. Subramanian*
PG and Research Department of Zoology, Aringar Anna Govt. Arts Collage, Cheyyar-604407
Abstract
A total of 50 gastrointestinal tracts of domestic pigs were collected in and around Cheyyar taluk, Thiruvannamalai District. The work was carried out for six months from February 2016 to July 2016.Parasitological examination of intestinal tract sample revealed the presence of helminth parasites and protozoans. Out 50 domestic pigs, 48 (96%) pigs were infected with trematode, cestode, nematode and protozoans. Out 48 domestic pigs 20 were young pigs (below 1 year) and 28 were adult pigs (above 1 year old).Out 48 infected pigs 13 types of parasites were identified using standard procedure. Among identified 13 types of endoparasites, six species were nematodes such as Ascaris suum (6.25%), Strongyloides spp (8.33%), Trichuris suis (6.25%), Oesophagostomum spp (4.16%), Ancylostoma spp(8.33%) and Hyostrongylus rubidus (4.16%).Next to nematodes, 3 species of trematodes have been identified, they are Fasciolopsis buski (12.5%), Dicrocoelium spp (6.25%) and Schistosoma suis (10.41%).Three species of protozoan parasites have also been identified in the gastrointestinal tract of domestic pigs. They are Eimeria spp (2.08%), Isospora suis (2.08%) and Balantidium coli (2.08%).Only one species of cestode have been documented in the G I tract of domestic pigs that is Monizia expansa (4.16%).Five pigs showed (10.41%) mixed endoparasitic infection (Trematode + Cestode).Three pigs showed (6.25%) both trematode and nematode parasitic infection. Another 3 domestic pigs (6.25%) showed nematode and cestode infection. Only one domestic pig showed (2.08%) combination of three helminth parasites such as trematode, cestode and nematode infection. Three species of protozoans were identified in the gastrointestinal tract of domestic pigs. Only one pig showed the mixed infection of protozoan parasites.
Key words: Pig parasites, gastrointestinal tract, Strongyloides spp, Oesophagostomum spp, Dicrocoelium spp, Balantidium coli.
86 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar
Published by Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR) ISSN: 2278-5213
3rdOct, 2016 SEMINAR ON “RECENT ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES”
87 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar