Univerzitet Singidunum Beograd Departman Poslediplomskih Studija

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Univerzitet Singidunum Beograd Departman Poslediplomskih Studija UNIVERZITET SINGIDUNUM BEOGRAD DEPARTMAN POSLEDIPLOMSKIH STUDIJA MAGISTARSKI RAD „TEMATSKI VIDOVI TURIZMA ŠPANIJE“ MENTOR KANDIDAT Prof.dr Verka Jovanović Marina Milovanović 03/2006 BEOGRAD, 2010.godina TEMATSKI VIDOVI TURIZMA ŠPANIJE Sadržaj Abstract................................................................................................................................4 Uvod.....................................................................................................................................5 1. Savremena kretanja na turističkom tržištu i savremene tendencije razvoja međunarodnog turističkog tržišta.............................................................................8 1.1. TSA - glavne razlike između 2000.godine i 2008.godine...............................10 1.2. Najvažnije karakteristike turističkog kretanja u 2008. i 2009.godini..............15 1.2.1. Uticaj Svetske ekonomske krize na region Evrope..........................................18 1.2.2. Stanje u 2009.godini........................................................................................19 1.3. Perspektive razvoja međunarodnog turizma u svetu do 2020.godine............20 2. Definisanje pojma turistička destinacija...............................................................23 2.1. Španija kao turistička destinacija....................................................................24 2.2. Turistički resursi za razvoj turizma Španije....................................................26 2.3. Turistička posećenost Španije po regijama.....................................................36 3. Tematski turizam...................................................................................................43 3.1. Osnovne karakteristike turističkog prozivoda.................................................44 3.2. Vrste tematskog turizma..................................................................................46 4. Tematski vidovi turizma Španije...........................................................................47 4.1. Turizam sunca i plaže .....................................................................................50 4.1.1. Perspektiva daljeg razvoja turizma sunca i plaže............................................55 4.2. Kratki gradski odmor ili city break i kulturni turizam.....................................56 4.2.1. Kulturni turizam - kulturni događaji i manifestacije........................................62 4.2.2. Gradski turizam, kratki gradski odmor, kulturni turizam - njihova povezanost i perspektiva daljeg razvoja................................................................................66 4.3. Poslovni ili MICE turizam...............................................................................68 4.3.1. Perspektiva daljeg razvoja poslovnog turizma u Španiji.................................72 2 Departman za poslediplomske studije Univerzitet Singidunum TEMATSKI VIDOVI TURIZMA ŠPANIJE 4.4. Sportski i prirodni turizam (golf, nautika, skijanje i planine)..........................74 4.4.1. Nautika.............................................................................................................78 4.4.2. Golf..................................................................................................................81 4.4.3. Perspektiva daljeg razvoja sportskog i prirodnog turizma...............................81 4.5. Seoski (ruralni) turizam i aktivni turizam........................................................83 4.5.1. Perspektiva daljeg razvoja ruralnog i aktivnog turizma..................................88 4.6. Zdravstveni turizam velnes (wellness) / spa....................................................90 4.6.1. Perspektiva daljega razvoja zdravstvenog turizma..........................................93 4.7. Razvoj novih turističkih proizvoda - nautički centri, vinske ture, banje, podsticajana putovanja i kongresi, turizam specijalnih osobina i kampovanje......................................................................................................94 4.8. Razvoj i promovisanje određenih turističkih destinacija i proizvoda pod međuregionalnim nazivom (Zelena Španija, Put u Satiago de Kompostelu, prelazak Pirineja, Ruta Via de la Plata, i gradovi koji su deo kulturne baštine)...........................................................................................................102 4.8.1. Put u Santijago de Kompostelu, ruta Via de la Plata i put preko Pirineja.....105 4.8.2. Gradovi koji su deo kulturne baštine.............................................................107 5. Perspektiva razvoja turizma Španije u 2010.godini.............................................111 6. Perspektiva razvoja turizma Španije do 2020.godine..........................................121 6.1. Tematski vidovi turizma Španije do 2020.godine.........................................127 Zaključak..........................................................................................................................131 Literatura..........................................................................................................................134 Prilog................................................................................................................................139 3 Departman za poslediplomske studije Univerzitet Singidunum TEMATSKI VIDOVI TURIZMA ŠPANIJE Abstract Spain, as a tourist destination, is one of the leading destinations when it comes to modern tourist developments. General change of the way of life and work of people has also caused changing of the people as tourists, their needs and their way of spending the holiday. So, the mass tourism which was characteristic for the beginning of the 21st century has been replaced by the thematic tourism. The thematic tourism market happens to be rather competitive, so the positioning of tourist destinations as well as the tourist product, i.e. the offer on this market is of an utmost importance. What is more, it is also necessary to form a unique tourist product, and eventually, form an adequate marketing aimed at the particular clients. The aim of this thesis is to present the thematic aspects of tourism in Spain, the level of development of tourist products and prospects for further development of tourism in Spain. According to the short-term and long-term plans, Spain will hold a leading position when it comes to tourist developments and is expected to be at the fourth position among the most attractive destinations in the world in 2020. 4 Univerzitet Singidunum Departman poslediplomskih studija TEMATSKI VIDOVI TURIZMA ŠPANIJE Uvod Postoji mnogo elemenata koji utiču na razvoj ekonomije jedne zemlje. U savremenom svetu turizam predstavlja jedan od ključnih faktora razvoja kako pojedinih zemalja i turističkih destinacija, tako i globalne ekonomije. Turističku privredu čini skup delatnosti koje se svrstavaju u red vodećih grana svetske privrede. 1 Turizam se može definisati kao skup odnosa i pojava nastalih prilikom putovanja i boravka posetilaca nekog mesta, ukoliko taj boravak ne znači stalno nastanjivanje i nije vezan za sticanje zarade. S obzirom da turizam predstavlja složenu društvenu i ekonomsku pojavu, zahteva i kompleksno izučavanje. To znači da tom prilikom treba koristiti i rezultate većeg broja naučnih oblasti i disciplina. 2 Turizam danas ima mnogobrojne funkcije koje su međusobno u značajnoj meri povezane. Može se zaključiti da turizam karakteriše polifunkcionalnost i međufunkcionalna zavisnost. Turizam nesumnjivo ima široko dejstvo na privredu i na ukupni društveni život. Osnovne funkcije turizma mogu se podeliti na: 1. Primarne funkcije (ekonomske) 2. Posledične funkcije (neekonomske) Uticaj i dejstvo ovih funkcija, koje se međusobno prožimaju, ispoljava se i u ekonomskoj i u društvenoj sferi. Činjenica je da se mnoge zemlje opredeljuju za razvoj turizma imajući u vidu njegove ekonomske uticaje. Ekonomske funkcije turizma imaju direktan uticaj na na društveni proizvod i nacionalni dohodak, na brži razvoj nedovoljno razvijenih područja, na platni bilans i na zapošljavanje. S druge strane, ekonomske funkcije indirektno utiču na industriju , građevinarstvo i na poljoprivredu. S obzirom da je turizam uslužna delatnost, on ne stvara materijalna dobra ni društveni proizvod na način na koji to , recimo, radi industrija. Ako je reč o domaćem turizmu, dolazi do preraspodele dohodka iz jednog u drugo područje. Međutim, kada je reč o inostranom turizmu, raspoloživa novčana sredstva koja stranci troše direktno utiču na povećanje društvenog proizvoda i nacionalnog dohotka. 1 Spasić,Vesna, Poslovanje turističkih agencija i organizatora putovanja, Rading, Beograd, 2004, str.5 2 Unković,Slobodan,Zečević,Bojan, Ekonomika turizma, Ekonomski fakultet, Beograd, 2005, str.11-12 5 Univerzitet Singidunum Departman poslediplomskih studija TEMATSKI VIDOVI TURIZMA ŠPANIJE Kao što je već bilo napomenuto, turizam utiče i na platni bilans jedne zemlje. Prema definiciji profesora Ognjena Bakića, turistički bilans je deo platnog bilansa zemlje, koji na strani aktive obuhvata sve prihode koji se realizuju od stranih turista („nevidljivi“ uvoz), a na strani pasive sve izdatke vezane za putovanje domaćeg stanovništva („nevidljivi“ izvoz). 3 U politici razvoja svaka zemlja treba da nastoji da ima veći izvoz od uvoza, pa tako i kada je reč o turizmu. Svaka zemlja ima različit stepen ekonomske razvijenosti. Isto tako različite zemlje mogu biti manje ili više atraktivne kada je u pitanju turizam. Predmet istarživanja magistarske
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