NHS Anti-smoking Posters

The intention of this campaign is to raise awareness to the public that smoking can give you illness and maybe even kill you. The target audience for this poster would be the person who smokes, as you can see here that they are already hooked. Seeing people hooked on a fishing line could scare them, as they know that being stuck on a fishing line would hurt less than the consequences of smoking. They also used horror as the people are in pain and they are suffering badly, which tells us they have the same fate. The simple slogan used ‘get unhooked’ tell the audience that it doesn’t have to be horror and pain but that there is an alternative. People will use this, as it is a direct link to the people that are stuck on the fishing hook. The NHS logo in the top right corner to intecgate that this is the certain company campaing and there is also a contact details are clearly shown to give people an immediate way out of smoking. The writing is in white and bordered in blue, which is consistent with tthe NHS logo colour scheme. The use of greyish/white background is to help he main image, which is the person whos mouth is getting hooked to be the main focus point on the poster.

This is a memorable NHS Anti-smoking campaign and in my opinion this was one of the best anti-smoking advert. This ads also attracted one of the highest numbers of complaints the advertising standards watchdog has ever received. However, it does not deter the Department of Health effort in this anti-smoking adverts to shock smokers into breaking the habit. In my opinion one of the reason people complained about this ads is because they couldn’t handle the truth and it maybe upset their children. It is one of the reason why I think this ads was very effective to the public because it frighten them to quit smoking and also help those children who was frighten about this poster to never smoke when they group up. The adverts re-positioned the image of smokers, stripping away the glamour of the smoker as outsider and showing a story that talks about smoking as smokers experience it in the here and now, rather than the effects of smoking that they might experience some time in the future Ads showed raw images of smokers literally ‘hooked’ on fish hooks. The TV ad depicted smokers being physically hooked and dragged around – showing that smokers don’t always have the power to do what they want to do. The TV ads also showed a positive side – the same people who had been hooked, later unhook themselves.

One of the fun fact about these anti-smoking hooked poster is that it is one of the most famous campaigns of 2007 with 90% awareness among smokers. This campaign drove the highest ever volume of response from any anti-smoking campaign the Department of Health had run previ- ously. 746,155 smokers interacted with the campaign through web, text, phone or red button – over 100% more than any previous campaign. And it also won few awards like 2008 Winner of Marketing Week: Marketing Effectiveness, Best Public Sector campaign of the Year. NHS Anti-Smoking Some initial facts and figures Why are cigarettes harmful? About 100,000 people in the UK die each year due to smoking. Smoking-related deaths are mainly due to cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary Smoking cigarettes is harmful to you and to those around you. It can lead to a wide range of diseases and disorders including: disease (COPD) and heart disease. cancers About half of all smokers die from smoking-related diseases. If you are a long-term smoker, on average, your life expectancy is about 10 years lung disease less than a non-smoker. Put another way, in the UK about 8 in 10 non-smokers live past the age of 70, but only about half of long-term smokers heart and circulation diseases live past 70. The younger you are when you start smoking, the more likely you are to smoke for longer and to die early from smoking. stomach and duodenal ulcers erectile dysfunction, infertility Many smoking-related deaths are not quick deaths. For example, if you develop COPD you can expect several years of illness and distressing osteoporosis symptoms before you die. cataracts and eye disorders mouth and dental infections Smoking increases the risk of developing a number of other diseases (listed below). Many of these may not be fatal, but they can cause years of complications in pregnancy and labour unpleasant symptoms. Cigarettes and other types of tobacco products contain nicotine which is very addictive. Tobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals, including more than 70 cancer-causing chemicals and hundreds of other poisons. The good news is: Stopping smoking can make a big difference to your health. It is never too late to stop smoking to greatly benefit your health. For example, if you It is mostly the harmful chemicals that cause illness and death, and not the nicotine. It is the nicotine, however, which creates an addiction or stop smoking in middle age, before having cancer or some other serious disease, you avoid most of the increased risk of death due to smoking. ‘craving’. Many people have given up smoking. In 1972 just under half of adults in the UK were smokers. By 1990 this had fallen to just under a third. At present, about a sixth of UK adults are smokers. Smoking damages the air sacs and airways in your lungs. It also causes damage to blood vessels and raises your heart rate and blood pressure, Help is available if you want to stop smoking but are finding it difficult. which puts you at risk of heart disease and stroke. Related discussions Smoking also affects the reproductive system and sex organs. Men can have difficulty getting an erection and it can reduce sperm count. Women Cigarette smoke contains the following who smoke are at a greater risk of developing breast and cervical cancer, and may have difficulties getting pregnant. Smoking whilst pregnant Nicotine puts you at risk of miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight and even stillbirth. Nicotine is a drug that stimulates the brain. If you are a regular smoker, when the blood level of nicotine falls, you usually develop withdrawal symptoms, such as craving, anxiety, restlessness, headaches, irritability, hunger, difficulty with concentration, or just feeling awful. These symp- SecondHand smoke toms are relieved by the next cigarette. What is secondhand smoke? So, most smokers need to smoke regularly to feel normal, and to prevent nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Whenever you light up, secondhand smoke is produced. This is the smoke exhaled by you, plus the smoke created by the lit end of a cigarette. Secondhand smoke is made up of gases and microscopic particles. This isn’t just unpleasant. It can be a killer. More than 80% of cigarette Tar which contains many chemicals smoke is invisible and odourless. These deposit in the lungs and can get into the blood vessels and be carried to other parts of the body. Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals, including over 50 known carcinogens (causes of cancer) and other poisons. What’s in secondhand smoke? Secondhand smoke is made up of a mixture of gases and particles. It contains over 4,500 chemicals, many of which are irritants and toxins, and Carbon monoxide over 50 are known to cause cancer. The chemicals include arsenic, which is used in rat poison, benzene, which is found in petrol fumes and can This chemical affects the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. In particular, in pregnant women who smoke, this causes a reduced amount of cause leukaemia and cyanide, which is poisonous and an industrial pollutant. oxygen to get to the growing baby. This is thought to be the most important cause for the bad effects of smoking on the growing baby.

What damage can secondhand smoke do? Which diseases are caused or made worse by smoking? People who breathe secondhand smoke are at risk of many of the same diseases as smokers, including cancer and heart disease. Breathing secondhand smoke can increase the risk of getting lung cancer by 24% and getting heart disease by 25%. Lung cancer. About 30,000 people in the UK die from lung cancer each year. More than 8 in 10 cases are directly related to smoking. Children are particularly vulnerable to secondhand smoke, as they have less well-developed airways, lungs and immune systems. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). About 25,000 people in the UK die each year from this serious lung disease. More than 8 in 10 of Children breathing in other people’s cigarette smoke resulted in 300,000 GP visits and 9,500 hospital admissions last year in the UK. these deaths are directly linked to smoking. People who die of COPD are usually quite unwell for several years before they die. Children exposed to secondhand smoke are at risk of bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma attacks, meningitis and ear infections. Heart disease. This is the biggest killer illness in the UK. About 120,000 people in the UK die each year from heart disease. About 1 in 6 of these As nearly all enclosed work and public places are now smokefree, people are most likely to be exposed to the harmful effects of secondhand is due to smoking. smoke in the home and car. Other cancers - of the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, gullet (oesophagus), pancreas, bladder, cervix, blood (leukaemia), and kidney are all more Is smoking with the door open or out of the window ok? common in smokers. Harmful cigarette smoke can still blow back inside. And because more than 80% of smoke is invisible, you can’t see where it goes making it im- Circulation. The chemicals in tobacco can damage the lining of the blood vessels and affect the level of lipids (fats) in the bloodstream. This in- possible to control. creases the risk of atheroma forming (sometimes called hardening of the arteries). Atheroma is the main cause of heart disease, strokes, periph- eral vascular disease (poor circulation of the legs), and aneurysms (swollen arteries which can burst causing internal bleeding). All of these ather- Will smoking in the car with the windows open protect my family? oma-related diseases are more common in smokers. Because you can’t control or see secondhand smoke, you don’t know where it is going. Secondhand smoke can easily blow back into a car when Sexual problems. Smokers are more likely than non-smokers to become impotent or have difficulty in maintaining an erection in middle life. This is smoking out of the window. thought to be due to smoking-related damage of the the blood vessels to the penis. Rheumatoid arthritis. Smoking is known to be a risk factor for developing rheumatoid arthritis. One research study estimated that smoking is re- Is secondhand smoke only harmful to children and babies? sponsible for about 1 in 5 cases of rheumatoid arthritis. Babies and small children’s health is particularly at risk from secondhand smoke, but it can harm older kids and adults too. Breathing secondhand Ageing. Smokers tend to develop more lines on their face at an earlier age than non-smokers. This often makes smokers look older than they smoke can significantly increase the risk of developing lung cancer and heart disease. really are. Fertility is reduced in smokers (both male and female). Will smoking in one room of the house when the kids are not there protect them? Menopause. On average, women who smoke have a menopause nearly two years earlier than non-smokers. No. Secondhand smoke can linger in the air long after a cigarette is put out. Other conditions where smoking often causes worse symptoms include: asthma, colds, flu, chest infections, tuberculosis, chronic rhinitis, diabetic retinopathy, hyperthyroidism, multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, and Crohn’s disease. Smoking in Britain: the law Smoking increases the risk of developing various other conditions including: dementia, optic neuropathy, cataracts, macular degeneration, pulmo- nary fibrosis, psoriasis, gum disease, tooth loss, osteoporosis and Raynaud’s phenomenon. Smoking in all public places and workplaces was banned in Scotland in March 2006. A similar law was then introduced in Wales and Northern Ireland in April 2007 and in England in July 2007. How does smoking affect other people? Children These laws are intended to create a healthier environment for people both at work and in public places. Children and babies who live in a home where there is a smoker:

Since the smoking ban was introduced, there has been a reduction in the effects of passive smoking in England. Preliminary results from the De- Are more prone to asthma and ear, nose and chest infections. About 17,000 children under five years old in England and Wales are admitted to partment of Health’s Smokefree study show substantial improvements in air quality in bars and reductions in levels of tobacco smoke exposure hospital each year due to illnesses caused by their parents’ smoking. for bar workers. The report also showed that smokers feel more inclined to quit following the ban. Have an increased risk of dying from cot death (sudden infant death syndrome). URL: Are more likely than average to become smokers themselves when older. http://www.ash.org.uk On average, do less well at reading and reasoning skills compared with children in smoke-free homes, even at low levels of smoke exposure. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Smoking-(quitting)/Pages/Treatment.aspx Are at increased risk of developing COPD and cancer as adults. http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/nhshistory/Pages/nhs-history-2010s.aspx Passive smoking of adults http://www.nhs.uk/smokefree You have an increased risk of lung cancer and heart disease if you are exposed to other people smoking for long periods of time. Tobacco smoke http://www.blf.org.uk/Page/Smoking-the-facts is also an irritant, and can make asthma and other conditions worse. CANCER RESEARCH UK CANCER RESEARCH UK HISTORY This is a well made poster because it show power, independent and is really feminish. The solgan “ Cancer, we’re coming to get you” The patient information website of Cancer Research UK began life as CancerHelp UK, founded in Birmingham in 1995, by Nick James and the matchs with this event and the main image of this poster because it’s late Sally Tweddle. We are proud to continue their aims of providing information for people affected by cancer that is accessible, comprehensive invating the viwer passing by the poster and the target audience to and easily readable. Nick is a cancer specialist at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham and Professor of Oncology at the University of Bir- come join together for this event to raise awarness and doncate to mingham Institute for Cancer Studies. Sally was an educationalist with an interest in literacy. Before founding CancerHelp UK, she worked with the cancer research uk, so they can find soluation to kill the cancer. the National Council for Educational Technology in Coventry. Her husband’s cancer and their search for cancer information on the Internet in- The target audience is only females and also thoes who have cancer spired the setting up of CancerHelp UK. Tragically Sally herself died from cancer in December 1999. Her obituary is printed in full on the site. or whos family member has one. One of the reason why i can tell that the target audience is for female is because of the colour used in The management team from 1995-2000 also included David Davies and Peter Riding. David is the creator of the University of Birmingham’s this image which is pink and also only has one main figure which is a Medweb site and is a senior lecturer at the University developing and researching the Web as a medium for learning. Peter was joint founder and female wearing a pink tight yoga pant. In my opinion the word behind first project director of the BBC Networking Club, a forerunner to BBC Online. He now runs his own company, Webserve, which offers a range the figure “ In your face cancer” isn’t working for me because it really of services, related to the World Wide Web. CancerHelp UK was originally hosted on the Medical School server at the University of Birmingham doesn’t matchs with the female experession, which is kind of sad and where it remained until the re-launch in 2000. The original site was one of the first comprehensive cancer sites based in the UK. It has grown is trying to force her . steadily since its formal launch in February 1996. The site was originally funded from a variety of sources including the NHS, CRC, educational grants from pharmaceutical companies, donations from individuals, and the cancer centre at the Queen Elizabeth and Nuffield Hospitals, Bir- There are positive and negative things about this poster because in mingham. my opinion some people will find this poster really sexiest. One of the reason for that is there are more male who is affect by this diase Cancer Research UK is a cancer research and awareness charity in the United Kingdom, formed on 4 February 2002 by the merger of The Cancer then female in uk. Not saying that we shouldn’t do this, i just feel it Research Campaign and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund.Its aim is to reduce the number of deaths from cancer. As the world’s largest inde- would be better if they had made this event for both gender because pendent cancer research charity, it conducts research into the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Research activities are carried from what i have seen and read about this event so far is that it is out in institutes, universities and hospitals across the UK, both by the charity’s own employees and by its grant-funded researchers. It also pro- only avabile to females. The positive thing about this poster is that it vides information about cancer and runs campaigns aimed at raising awareness of the disease and influencing public policy. is powerful interm of invating their target audience and usage of only ewer colour of hite and pink, which really goes well with each other. Cancer Research UK’s work is almost entirely funded by the public. It raises money through donations, legacies, community fundraising, events, The main female figure is really striking and grab the attenation of the retail and corporate partnerships. Over 40,000 people are regular volunteers. On 18 July 2012 it was announced that Cancer Research UK was to passer by and they do a fantastic job at it. receive its largest ever single donation of £10 million from an anonymous donor. The money will go towards the £100 million funding needed for the Francis Crick Institute in London, the largest biomedical research building in Europe.

In February 2002, The Cancer Research Campaign and the Imperial Cancer Research Fund merged to form Cancer Research UK, who now own and fully fund the site. In October 2009, the site was relaunched following another redesign. This was necessary to update the look and feel of the site, and to accommodate the rapid growth in content that has taken place over the past few years. New services were launched, including summaries of all cancer type pages (our quick guides), a question and answer search, and expansion of the clinical trials database to include closed trials and trials with results.

What causes cancer ?

-A person’s risk of developing cancer depends on many factors, including age, genetics, and exposure to risk factors (including some potentially avoidable lifestyle factors). -4 in 10 (42%) of cancer cases in the UK each year are linked to lifestyle factors. -In the last 5 years, almost 600,000 cancer cases in the UK could have been prevented. This is another poster made by cancer re- -Smoking is the largest single cause of cancer in the UK, linked to an estimated 19% of cancer cases in the UK each year. Lung cancer has the search uk, this is visualy very clever and highest proportion of smoking-linked cases. striking. One of the reason for that is because -Diet (too little fruit, vegetables and fibre; too much red and processed meat and salt) is linked to an estimated 9% of cancer cases in the UK this is a poster or an image to show their each year. Upper aero-digestive tract cancers (oral cavity and pharynx, oesophageal, and larynx) have the highest proportion of diet-linked cas- gratuated to the people who has donated to es. this research foundation. What i like about this -Overweight and obesity is linked to an estimated 5% of cancer cases in the UK each year. Uterine, kidney and oesophageal cancers have the poster is that they did an event in social me- highest proportions of bodyweight-linked cases. dia like twitter,instagram and facebook, where -Alcohol is linked to an estimated 4% of cancer cases in the UK each year. Upper aero-digestive tract cancers (oral cavity and pharynx, larynx, females had to take an image of them self and oesophageal) have the highest proportion of alcohol-linked cases. with no make up on to sho wthe support to -Cervical, mesothelioma, oral, larynx, oesophageal and lung cancers have the highest proportions of cases linked to lifestyle factors. Prostate and this research foundation. I really like how they testicular cancers have no established lifestyle factor links. used some of the selfies that people took and -Certain medical conditions or immune system problems, and some medicines or treatments, may relate to higher risk of some cancer types. added in the logo shape of cancer research uk, which in my opinion is visual striking but How many people die from cancer ? abit messy and can be done better. -Cancer causes more than one in four of all deaths in the UK. -More than half of cancer deaths occur in people aged 75 and over. -In the UK there were around 162, 000 deaths from cancer in 2012. -In the UK in 2012, more than 440 people died from cancer every day, that’s more than one person every four minutes. -Cancer death rates in the UK have fallen by around a fifth over the last forty years and by 10% over the last decade. -More than one in five of all cancer deaths are from lung cancer. -Lung, bowel, breast and prostate cancers together account for almost half of all cancer deaths. -Worldwide, it is estimated that around 8.2 million people died from cancer in 2012.

How many people survive from cancer ? Url: http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/ -Overall cancer incidence rates in Great Britain have increased by more than a third since the mid-1970s, with almost this entire rise occurring utilities/cancers-in-generalhelp-uk/history-of-the- before the late 1990s. site -Cancer incidence rates in Great Britain have risen by 23% in males and by 43% in females since the mid-1970s. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/our-research -There have been large increases in the incidence of many cancers strongly linked to lifestyle, such as kidney, liver, skin (malignant melanoma, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_Research_UK oral and uterine (womb). http://www.charities.co.uk/cancer-re- -In females over the last decade in the UK, stomach cancer incidence has decreased by more than a quarter, and ovarian cancer incidence has search-uk-charity.php decreased by around a tenth. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/our-research/ -Worldwide there were estimated to be around 14.1 million new cases of cancer in 2012, with incidence rates varying across the world. our-research-history -In Europe, there were an estimated 3.44 million new cases of cancer in 2012. The UK incidence rate is 15th lowest in Europe for males and 8th highest for females. -There are more than 200 types of cancer, each with different causes, symptoms and treatments. Forest Stewardship Council FSC’s 10 Principles for Forest Stewardship:

The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is an international not for-profit, multi-stakeholder organization established in 1993 to promote responsible 1. COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND FSC PRINCIPLES management of the world’s forests. Its main tools for achieving this are standard setting, certification and labeling of forest products. Forest management shall respect all applicable laws of the country in which they occur, and international treaties and agreements to which the country is a signatory, and comply with all FSC Principles and Criteria. History 2. TENURE AND USE RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES This diverse group highlighted the need for a system that could credibly identify well-managed forests as the sources of responsibly produced Long-term tenure and use rights to the land and forest resources shall be clearly defined, documented and legally established. wood products. The concept of FSC and the name were coined at this meeting. 3. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ RIGHTS It was another two years before the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development – the Earth Summit – was held in Rio de Ja- The legal and customary rights of indigenous peoples to own, use and manage their lands, territories, and resources shall be recognised and neiro in 1992. respected.

The Earth Summit produced no legally binding commitments on forest management, but it did result in Agenda 21 and the non-legally binding 4. COMMUNITY RELATIONS AND WORKER’S RIGHTS Forest Principles. And crucially it provided a forum for many non-governmental organizations to come together and gather support for the inno- Forest management operations shall maintain or enhance the long-term social and economic well-being of forest workers and local communities. vative idea of a non-governmental, independent and international forest certification scheme. 5. BENEFITS FROM THE FOREST Following intensive consultations in ten countries to build support for the idea of a worldwide certification system, the FSC Founding Assembly Forest management operations shall encourage the efficient use of the forest’s multiple products and services to ensure economic viability and a was held in Toronto, Canada in 1993. wide range of environmental and social benefits.

The FSC Secretariat opened in Oaxaca, Mexico and the FSC was established as a legal entity in Mexico in February 1994. The FSC Secretariat 6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT relocated to Bonn, Germany in 2003. Forest management shall conserve biological diversity and its associated values, water resources, soils, and unique and fragile ecosystems and landscapes, and, by so doing, maintain the ecological functions and the integrity of the forest. The number of certificates issued in both forest management and chain of custody have increased exponentially, passing a total of 20,000 certif- icates in 2011; the 1,000th forest management certificate was also issued in 2011 to a Portuguese small farmers’ association covering their cork 7. MANAGEMENT PLAN plantations. Our 6th General Assembly was held in 2011 in Sabah, Malaysia, and was attended by about 400 participants. A management plan — appropriate to the scale and intensity of the operations — shall be written, implemented, and kept up to date. The long term objectives of management, and the means of achieving them, shall be clearly stated. Concerned about accelerating deforestation, environmental degradation and social exclusion, a group of timber users, traders and representa- tives of environmental and human rights organizations met in California in 1990. 8. MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT Monitoring shall be conducted — appropriate to the scale and intensity of forest management — to assess the condition of the forest, yields of This diverse group highlighted the need for a system that could credibly identify well-managed forests as the sources of responsibly produced forest products, chain of custody, management activities and their social and environmental impacts. wood products. The concept of FSC and the name were coined at this meeting. 9. MAINTENANCE OF HIGH CONSERVATION VALUE FORESTS Purpose Management activities in high conservation value forests shall maintain or enhance the attributes which define such forests. Decisions regarding high conservation value forests shall always be considered in the context of a precautionary approach. FSC’s mission is to “promote environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial and economically viable management of the world’s forests”.[1] 10. PLANTATIONS Plantations shall be planned and managed in accordance with Principles and Criteria 1 - 9, and Principle 10 and its Criteria. While plantations can This mission is implemented through a Global Strategy with five Goals: provide an array of social and economic benefits, and can contribute to satisfying the world’s needs for forest products, they should complement the management of, reduce pressures on, and promote the restoration and conservation of natural forests. Advancing globally responsible forest management. Ensure equitable access to the benefits of FSC systems. Ensure integrity, credibility and transparency of the FSC system. What is FSC®? Create business value for products from FSC certified forests. Strengthen the global network to deliver on goals 1 through 4. -Forest Stewardship Council® Fact Sheet FSC works towards these goals through activities which are managed and developed through six program areas: Forests, Chain of Custody, So- -A voluntary international, independently audited certification and labelling system that guarantees wood products come from responsibly man- cial Policy, Monitoring and Evaluation, Quality Assurance and Ecosystem Services. aged forests and verified recycled sources. -The fastest growing forest certification system worldwide. Forest management according to FSC’s internationally recognized standards delivers environmental services to local and global communities, in- Values forests and communities: cluding clean air and water, and contributes to mitigating the effects of climate change. FSC directly or indirectly addresses issues such as illegal -Protects High Conservation Value Forests; logging, deforestation and global warming and has positive effects on economic development, environmental conservation, poverty alleviation -Protects waterways; and social and political empowerment. -Protects wildlife habitat and species; -Respects rights of Aboriginal Peoples and local communities. -Is supported by WWF Canada, , Sierra Club of Canada, Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society, National Aboriginal Forestry Associa- Mission tion, and the David Suzuki Foundation.

The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) shall promote environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the What is Chain of Custody (CoC)? world’s forests. - A guarantee that fibre comes from certified forests and is tracked from forest to the end product. Vision - Any companies involved in the transformation, processing manufacturing, converting or distribution of forest-based products must be FSC-certi- fied to use the FSC logo. The world’s forests meet the social, ecological, and economic rights and needs of the present generation without compromising those of future - Allows products to be tracked through their supply chains and back to the responsibly managed forest (for virgin fibre), controlled virgin fibre generations. source and/or reclamation site (for recycled fibre).

What they meant by that... URL:- Environmentally Appropriate Environmentally appropriate forest management ensures that the harvest of timber and non-timber products maintains the forest’s biodiversity, https://ic.fsc.org/facts-figures-2013.692.htm productivity, and ecological processes. http://www.sustainability2015.ca/images/media_room/pdf/0304.pdf https://ic.fsc.org/about-us.1.htm Socially Beneficial http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Stewardship_Council https://www.behance.net/gallery/7278975/Forest-Stewardship-Council-FSC Socially beneficial forest management helps both local people and society at large to enjoy long term benefits and also provides strong incentives to local people to sustain the forest resources and adhere to long-term management plans.

Economically Viable Economically viable forest management means that forest operations are structured and managed so as to be sufficiently profitable, without generating financial profit at the expense of the forest resource, the ecosystem, or affected communities. The tension between the need to generate adequate financial returns and the principles of responsible forest operations can be reduced through efforts to market the full range of forest products and services for their best value. The Latest fact and figures The Latest fact and figures The Latest fact and figures The Latest fact and figures The Latest fact and figures The Latest fact and figures The Latest fact and figures Greenpeace December 1968: An environmental group called “SPEC” (Scientific Pollution and Environmental Control Society) was founded in Vancouver by Gwen and Derrick Mallard and Dr. Alfred Turnbull. Bob Hunter, Terry Simmons, and attended some of these meetings. The organization that is today known as Greenpeace evolved out of a protest against nuclear testing by the United States government in Alaska. Though they were unsuccessful at stopping their original target, the group decided to continue fighting for the environment. Today, Greenpeace 1969: Hunter visited Cliff Humphrey in Berkeley, whose Ecology Action group had staged creative environmental protests. In Vancouver, Hunter is one of the most successful and well-known international environmental groups, with offices in over 40 countries. Raising awareness of impor- and Hamish Bruce formed a similar activist group that they called the “Green Panthers.” They bought a boat for ecology actions, but the badly tant environmental issues, the group generally uses peaceful protest methods to illustrate its point. However, Greenpeace has come under fire damaged boat eventually sank. throughout its history for unorthodox and controversial approaches, as well. Journalist – on his own initiative, at a cost of $4,000 – placed twelve billboards around Vancouver. “If you can promote companies Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization with offices in over forty countries and with an international coordinating body and products,” he told his friends, “you can promote ideas.” The billboards declared: in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Greenpeace states its goal is to “ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life in all its diversity” and focuses its campaigning on world wide issues such as climate change, deforestation, overfishing, commercial whaling, genetic engineering, and anti-nucle- Summer of 1969: a stranger showed up at Bob and Zoe Hunter’s home and delivered a copy of the Naturegraph book: Warriors of the Rainbow: ar issues. It uses direct action, lobbying, and research to achieve its goals. The global organization does not accept funding from governments, Strange and Prophetic Dreams of the Indian People. This book played a significant role later. corporations, or political parties, relying on 2.9 million individual supporters and foundation grants. Greenpeace has a general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council and is a founding member of the INGO Accountability Charter; an international non-govern- August 1969: the United States announced a one-megaton nuclear bomb test, “Milrow,” scheduled for October on Amchitka Island, in the Aleu- mental organization that intends to foster accountability and transparency of non-governmental organizations. tian Islands.

Greenpeace History September 1969: Terry Simmons, a geography student at Simon Fraser University held a meeting of 30 Sierra Club members affiliated with the US organization in Seattle. They formed The Sierra Club of British Columbia. Jim and Marie Bohlen joined, along with Katy Madsen, who was In the mid-1960s, as the Vietnam War escalated, over one million draft resisters and deserters fled the US, 150,000 to Canada, the largest single fighting uranium mining in BC, and Ken Farquharson from a group saving the Skagit River valley. Farquharson was elected the first Chairman; political exodus in US history. Among them were Irving and from Providence, Rhode Island; Jim and Marie Bohlen from Pennsyl- headed the Conservation Committee. vania; Will and Ann Jones from California, and others who played a role in the founding of Greenpeace. September 24, 1969: Bob Hunter wrote in the Vancouver Sun: “The United States will begin to play a game of Russian roulette with a nuclear In Vancouver, BC, they met Canadian peace and ecology activists such as Denno Birmingham, Bill Darnell, and Rod Marining, and established pistol pressed against the head of the world.” He had researched the risk of an earthquake and threat of a tidal wave. “There is a distinct dan- journalists such as Bob Hunter and Ben and Dorothy Metcalfe. In 1965, the United States began a series of nuclear tests on Amchitka Island in ger,” he wrote, “that the tests might set in motion earthquakes and tidal waves which could sweep from one end of the Pacific to the other.” This the Aleutians. The Vancouver pacifists rallied to stop these tests. wave image would prove important.

In the mid-1960s, as the Vietnam War escalated, over one million draft resisters and deserters fled the US, 150,000 to Canada, the largest single February 8, 1970: Marie Bohlen, inspired by the Quaker boat Golden Rule, came up with the idea to send a boat to Amchitka to protest the nu- political exodus in US history. Among them were Irving and Dorothy Stowe from Providence, Rhode Island; Jim and Marie Bohlen from Pennsyl- clear tests. The Vancouver Sun announced the plan as a Sierra Club campaign, but when the Sierra Club in California rejected the idea, Vancou- vania; Will and Ann Jones from California, and others who played a role in the founding of Greenpeace. ver’s Don’t Make a Wave Committee embraced it. At a meeting at the Unitarian Church that week, as Irving Stowe flashed the “V” sign and said “Peace,” Bill Darnell, replied modestly, “Make it a green peace.” In Vancouver, BC, they met Canadian peace and ecology activists such as Denno Birmingham, Bill Darnell, and Rod Marining, and established journalists such as Bob Hunter and Ben and Dorothy Metcalfe. In 1965, the United States began a series of nuclear tests on Amchitka Island in February 15, 1970: The Vancouver Sun ran story about the intended voyage, dropping the Sierra Club reference and mentioning a boat to be the Aleutians. The Vancouver pacifists rallied to stop these tests. called “the Greenpeace,” the first time the term appeared in print as a single word. Marie Bohlen’s son, Paul Nonnast, designed the first button with the ecology symbol above, the peace symbol below, and in the middle, the December 1968: An environmental group called “SPEC” (Scientific Pollution and Environmental Control Society) was founded in Vancouver by single word: GREENPEACE. The Don’t Make A Wave Committee published the first “Greenpeace” pamphlet in March 1970: Nuclear Testing in the Gwen and Derrick Mallard and Dr. Alfred Turnbull. Bob Hunter, Terry Simmons, and Irving Stowe attended some of these meetings. Aleutians, written by 71-year-old Lille d’Easum, an executive of the BC Voice of Women.

1969: Hunter visited Cliff Humphrey in Berkeley, whose Ecology Action group had staged creative environmental protests. In Vancouver, Hunter March 1970: Paul Cote met Captain John Cormack, 60, on a Fraser River dock, and Cormack agreed to use his fishing boat, the , and Hamish Bruce formed a similar activist group that they called the “Green Panthers.” They bought a boat for ecology actions, but the badly for the voyage. The boat was renamed “Greenpeace” for the campaign. damaged boat eventually sank. October 5, 1970: Joni Mitchell, , , and BC band Chilliwack staged a benefit concert in Vancouver for the Don’t Make a Wave Journalist Ben Metcalfe – on his own initiative, at a cost of $4,000 – placed twelve billboards around Vancouver. “If you can promote companies Committee, which raised $17,000. Thereafter, the Sierra Club and Quaker groups in the US contributed funding to the campaign. and products,” he told his friends, “you can promote ideas.” The billboards declared: 1971: Hunter, Metcalfe, Bohlen, Darnell, and Simmons formed the activist core of the boat crew. Underground journalist Bob Cummings, ecolo- “Ecology? Look it up! You’re involved.” gist Patrick Moore, engineer Dave Birmingham, medical doctor Lyle Thurston, and photographer Robert Keziere joined them. When Marie Bohlen decided to stay ashore, Lou Hogan and Rod Marining stood next on the waiting list. Marining deferred to Hogan, believing that a woman should Summer of 1969: a stranger showed up at Bob and Zoe Hunter’s home and delivered a copy of the Naturegraph book: Warriors of the Rainbow: be on the boat, as did Hunter and Metcalfe. In the end, Richard Fineberg, who had met Bohlen in Alaska, joined the crew instead of Hogan. Strange and Prophetic Dreams of the Indian People. This book played a significant role later. Marining later met the boat in Kodiak in October 1971 and replaced Fineberg on the crew.

August 1969: the United States announced a one-megaton nuclear bomb test, “Milrow,” scheduled for October on Amchitka Island, in the Aleu- January 1972: Metcalfe organized a protest against Canadian Fisheries Minister Jack Davis and Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs Mitchell tian Islands. Sharp. Davis had attempted to stall boat insurance for the Phyllis Cormack, and Metcalfe wanted to force Sharp to put nuclear testing on the agenda of the United Nations Environment Conference to be held in Stockholm that summer. Ben and Dorothy Metcalfe, the Stowes, Bohlens, September 1969: Terry Simmons, a geography student at Simon Fraser University held a meeting of 30 Sierra Club members affiliated with the Hunter, Thurston, Moore, and Keziere went to a Liberal Party brunch, where they confronted Davis and Sharp. After the event, they returned to US organization in Seattle. They formed The Sierra Club of British Columbia. Jim and Marie Bohlen joined, along with Katy Madsen, who was the Metcalfe’s’ home and proclaimed themselves “The World ” with Ben Metcalfe as chairman. fighting uranium mining in BC, and Ken Farquharson from a group saving the Skagit River valley. Farquharson was elected the first Chairman; Jim Bohlen headed the Conservation Committee. January 21, 1972: The Don’t Make a Wave Committee resolved to change its name to the “Greenpeace Foundation,” and turned over $9,678 to Dorothy and Ben Metcalfe. September 24, 1969: Bob Hunter wrote in the Vancouver Sun: “The United States will begin to play a game of Russian roulette with a nuclear pistol pressed against the head of the world.” He had researched the risk of an earthquake and threat of a tidal wave. “There is a distinct dan- May 4, 1972: The Provincial Societies office in Victoria, British Columbia registered the name, “Greenpeace Foundation.” ger,” he wrote, “that the tests might set in motion earthquakes and tidal waves which could sweep from one end of the Pacific to the other.” This wave image would prove important. That spring, Metcalfe recruited David McTaggart, to sail his ketch Vega to Moruroa to protest French nuclear tests, which he did in 1972 and again in 1973 when he was severely beaten by French commandoes. The French sailors gave Greenpeace (Hunter) the idea to use Zodiacs for September 29, 1969: SPEC – Gwen and Derrick Mallard – organized a demonstration at the US Consulate in downtown Vancouver to protest the the whale campaign. nuclear bomb test. Bob Hunter made placards for the protest and came up with, “DON’T MAKE A WAVE.” Attending this protest were Bob and Zoe Hunter, Irving Stowe, Bob Cummings, Lille d’Easum, , Ben Metcalfe, Rod Marining, Paul and Linda Spong, and others who would Paul and Linda Spong were simultaneously organizing their crusade to save the whales, which merged with Greenpeace in 1973. eventually form the core of Greenpeace. April 27, 1975: The first Greenpeace whale campaign was launched from Vancouver, again using the fish boat Phyllis Cormack, skippered by John October 1, 1969: SPEC and the UBC Alma Mater Society organized a demonstration at the US/Canadian border. The same group was there, Cormack. Greenpeace found the Russian whalers two months later, on June 27, 1975, over the Mendocino Ridge, 40 miles off the coast of Cali- blockading the highway. Irving and Dorothy Stowe held the Quaker banner. SPEC brandished their DON’T MAKE A WAVE signs. That night, the fornia. Milrow blast was detonated 4,000 feet below the surface of Amchitka Island. The blast registered a Richter 6.9 shockwave. By 1976, the Greenpeace name was used by pacifist and ecology groups in Toronto, San Francisco, London, Paris, and Auckland. Paul Watson In the mid-1960s, as the Vietnam War escalated, over one million draft resisters and deserters fled the US, 150,000 to Canada, the largest single and David Garrick (Walrus) launched the first Greenpeace seal campaign in the spring of 1976. political exodus in US history. Among them were Irving and Dorothy Stowe from Providence, Rhode Island; Jim and Marie Bohlen from Pennsyl- vania; Will and Ann Jones from California, and others who played a role in the founding of Greenpeace. The UK Greenpeace Group purchased an Aberdeen fishing trawler in 1977, renamed it , and commenced ecology actions in the North Atlantic. A Greenpeace group in Paris made alliances with anti-nuclear and labour groups to form a political ecology movement. A group in In Vancouver, BC, they met Canadian peace and ecology activists such as Denno Birmingham, Bill Darnell, and Rod Marining, and established Hamburg formed Greenpeace Germany, secured a boat, and began ecology actions on the Elbe. journalists such as Bob Hunter and Ben and Dorothy Metcalfe. In 1965, the United States began a series of nuclear tests on Amchitka Island in the Aleutians. The Vancouver pacifists rallied to stop these tests. Greenpeace International was formed in November 1979, in Amsterdam. With success in Europe and the US, Greenpeace decided to protest French nuclear testing on Mururoa Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. The Rainbow Warrior was taking on provisions in Aukland, New Zealand on July 10, 1985 when explosions ripped through its hull, killing crewman and sinking the ship. Two agents with the French Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure (DGSE) were arrested by late July and, by September 22, 1985, the French government conceded that its scuba-diving agents planted magnetic mines and sank the vessel. The French agents were jailed briefly, but released after France threatened to block New Zealand exports to the European Union. The French apologized and paid seven million dollars to Greenpeace, but the nuclear tests continued and no one in the French government was held accountable.

Yet the bombing of the Rainbow Warrior underscored the prominence that Greenpeace had attainted in the fifteen years since its founding. By the early 1990s it was considered the “green giant” of the environmental movement with protests of every conceivable environmental issue un- derway in every corner of the globe. Usually the protests involved actions designed to highlight an issue in a dramatic or humorous way, such as dumping marbles in the Dept. of Interior lobby in Washington DC because the Secretary of Interior had “lost his marbles.” Another imaginative tactic was to have children passing out asthma inhalers at coal industry conferences.

Greenpeace also fanned the flames of international outrage in 1995 when the Nigerian government executed environmental activist Ken Sa- ro-Wiwa, who had led a nonviolent campaign against Shell Oil Co.

Despite its popularity, Greenpeace was not always considered a serious environmental group and often excluded from coalitions working in legal or legislative arenas. The organization was also criticized by other environmental groups in the 1990s as misrepresenting some issues, for exam- ple collecting money from sponsors for a weak program of dolphin protection.

One vocal Greenpeace critic, co-founder Patrick Moore, quit the organization in 1986 and began working for forestry, nuclear power and chemi- cal interests. He criticized “scare tactics” within the environmental movement, saying in 2008 that Greenpeace was an organization that had lost its way due to “extremism and politically motivated agendas.” Others in the environmental movement have dismissed Moore’s criticism as self-in- terested.

Another has been that with so much general popular support for environmental reform, a dramatic media-targeted pro- test may seem like a cliché. This may be more accurate in the US and Europe, where, after a growth peak in the early 1990s, the organization went through a serious restructuring.

Yet Greenpeace continued growing on an international level in the early 21st century, helping regional and international activists mount protests involving a variety of issues such as toxic waste in Africa, illegal logging in the Amazon, undercover sale of whale meat in Japan, nuclear power in Asia, and drift-net fishing in the Pacific.

Green peace posters

Url: http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/climate/forms/ arctic-downloads http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace http://www.theguardian.com/environment/ georgemonbiot/2010/dec/02/sumatra-rainfor- est-destruction-patrick-moore http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/campaigns/ history/ Greenpeace

Synopsis

The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) Foundation is a UK-based charity dedicated to establishing and protecting the rights of all animals. This advertisement is much less pleasing to the eye; it portrays a dead animal in the form of a piece of meat. Instead of meat being Like humans, animals are capable of suffering and have interests in leading their own lives; therefore, they are not ours to use – for food, cloth- in the package it is a young blonde women with fake blood all over ing, experimentation, entertainment or any other reason. PETA and our affiliates around the world educate policymakers and the public about her. Since the woman was attractive, the advertisement will either cruelty to animals and promote an understanding of the right of all animals to be treated with respect. receive more attention or be thought of as too disturbing. The text used in this advertisement was in my opinion not as effective. PETA works through public education, research, legislation, special events, celebrity involvement and protest campaigns. PETA believes in non-vi- It was extremely small and did not stand out enough to make a olence and does not advocate or support actions in which anyone, human or non-human, is harmed. PETA is a charitable organisation that works lasting impression. to educate the public about the horrors of cruelty to animals through peaceful means. On the other hand, the photograph and design elements Depending on context, the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals Foundation may be referred to as the “PETA Foundation”, “PETA UK”, or were enough to make this advertisement successful. For the for- “PETA.” References to any campaign activities that occurred prior to October 2009 refer to activities undertaken by PETA Europe. mat, the colors are nude and red, which makes the idea that she is dead more noticeable and more powerful. The blood is proba- History bly the first thing you notice because of the vibrant shade of red. Both of these advertisements portray women in a negative way. It Before PETA existed, there were two important things that you could do if you wanted to help animals. You could volunteer at a local animal makes them look weak and helpless. There were very little camera shelter, or you could donate money to a humane society. While many of these organizations did useful work to bring comfort to animals who are effects used in this. It looks like it could have been just taken by a used by humans, they didn’t question why we kill animals for their flesh or their skins or why we use them for tests of new product ingredients regular digital camera. or for our entertainment.

PETA’s founders sought to give caring people something more that they could do and to provide them ways to actively change society. They wanted to promote a healthy vegan diet and show how easy it is to shop cruelty-free. They wanted to protest, loudly and publicly, against cruel- ty to animals in all its forms, and they wanted to expose what really went on behind the very thick, soundproof walls of animal laboratories.

Aided by thorough investigative work, consumer protests, and international media coverage, PETA brings together members of the scientific, corporate, and legislative communities to achieve large-scale, long-term changes that improve animals’ quality of life and prevent their deaths.

PETA’s first case—the precedent-setting 1981 Silver Spring monkeys case—resulted in the first arrest and criminal conviction of an animal exper- imenter in the U.S. on charges of cruelty to animals, the first confiscation of abused laboratory animals, and the first U.S. Supreme Court victory for animals in laboratories. And we haven’t stopped fighting—and winning—in our efforts for animals since

-PETA was founded in 1980 by Ingrid Newkirk

- P.E.T.A helps unite scientific, judicial, and legislative communities to help stop abusive animal practices.

-PETA was victorious over the General Motors Corporation, which ended its use of animals in crash tests. In this poster, the colors help with the message it is trying -PETA’s undercover investigation of a huge contract testing laboratory in Philadelphia and our subsequent campaign led to Benetton’s permanent to get across. The woman portrays the elephant well with ban on animal tests—a first for a major cosmetics company. Other leading companies, such as Avon, Revlon, and Estée Lauder, followed suit. the helpless facial expression she has. The fact that one Gillette announced a moratorium on animal tests after PETA’s 10-year campaign. PETA now lists hundreds of companies that do not test products of the abusers is a child is really powerful and shows that on animals. hunters are not the typical men who just need the animal for food. It looks like the two abusers were instructed to -PETA released investigators’ photographs and videotaped footage taken inside Carolina Biological Supply Company, the nation’s largest biological do so by another person because they are not showing supply house. PETA documented that animals were removed from gas chambers and injected with formaldehyde without being checked for vital any emotion on their faces. Also, around the female there signs, as well as cats’ and rats’ struggling during embalming and employees’ spitting on animals. The company was charged by the U.S. Depart- are shadows, which really foreshadows the outcome of ment of Agriculture (USDA) with violations of the federal Animal Welfare Act (AWA). the situation.The text used in this advertisement was eye catching. The use of the letter font and the way in which -Undercover investigations at pig-breeding factory farms in North Carolina and Oklahoma revealed horrific conditions and daily abuse of pigs, the capital letters had shadows and cracks were effective. including the fact that one pig was skinned alive, leading to the first-ever felony indictments of farm workers. It is evident that the author of this advertisement had knowledge of art and design concepts. It was a successful -In another precedent-setting case, a California furrier was charged with cruelty to animals after a PETA investigator filmed him electrocuting use of design and text. The camera effects were perfect chinchillas by clipping wires to the animals’ genitals. The American Veterinary Medical Association denounced the killing method, saying that for the photograph. It looks like they definitely used photo it causes animals to experience the pain of a heart attack while they are still conscious. In another undercover exposé, PETA videotaped a fur editing. The lack of lighting really made the photograph rancher’s causing minks to die in agony by injecting them with weed-killer. Both farms agreed to stop these cruel killing methods. even more effective.

-After exposing the National Air and Space Administration’s Bion experiment, in which straitjacketed monkeys were to be implanted with elec- trodes and then launched into space, PETA succeeded in pressuring the U.S. to pull out of the project.

-Through its Fur is Dead campaign, PETA has exposed the cruelty of the fur industry and convinced retailers like J.Crew, Wet Seal, Forever 21, and Ann Taylor to stop selling fur in their stores—and top designers such as Ralph Lauren, Marc Bouwer, and Stella McCartney have banned the use of fur in their designs. American Idol judge Simon Cowell and Oscar-winner Charlize Theron both appeared with dogs in our “If you wouldn’t wear your dog, please don’t wear any fur” ads, and Pamela Anderson, Christy Turlington, and Kim Basinger have all posed au naturel for PETA’s “I’d Rather Go Naked Than Wear Fur” ads. Martha Stewart stopped wearing fur after seeing PETA’s anti-fur videos and even hosted one of her Url: own, exposing the horrors of the industry. Nine Inch Nails lead singer Trent Reznor narrated a videa for PETA about the gruesome dog and cat http://www.peta.org/about-peta/ fur trade in China. http://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-ex- perimentation/edsp-history-timeline/ Success Stories http://www.peta.org.uk/about/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_for_the_Ethi- PETA has made groundbreaking advances for animals who are abused by corporations, governments, and individuals throughout the world, and cal_Treatment_of_Animals these successes have led to dramatic improvements in the lives of millions of individual animals. Whether by working with universities and gov- http://www.peta.org/about-peta/learn-about-pe- ernment institutions to implement non-animal test methods, sparking a boom of “cruelty-free” product marketing and a nosedive for the U.S. ta/ fur industry, or promoting the mass availability of meat alternatives at grocery stores and gourmet restaurants, PETA has been the driving force http://www.petafoundation.org/ behind many of the largest successes for animals in the last 25 years. Read more about PETA’s success stories.