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Chemical Demonstrations: a Sourcebook for Teachers

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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 286 722 SE 048 560 AUTHOR Summerlin, Lee R.; Ealy, James L., Jr. TITLE Chemical Demonstrations: A Sourcebook for Teachers. Volume 1. INSTITUTION American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO ISBN-0-8412-0923-5 PUB DATE 85 NOTE 186p.; For Volume 2, see SE 048 561. AVAILABLE FROMAmerican Chemical Society, 1155 Sixteenth St., NW, Washington, DC 20036 ($19.95). PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Atomic Theory; Chemical Equilibrium; *Chemical Reactions; *Chemistry; *College Science; *Demonstrations (Educational); Energy; Higher Education; Kinetics; Oxidation; *Science Activities; Science Education; Science Instruction; Secondary Education; *Secondary School Science ABSTRACT This book contains 108 classroom demonstrations intended to be used with any introductory chemistry program. These demonstrations were selected in an effort to provide simple, safe, effective and enjoyable experiences for the class. In addition, they are intended to be used to introduce many of the major concepts in chemistry. The demonstrations involve color changes, gas evolution, precipitate formation, smoke, fire, and other obvious or dramatic chemical changes. The guide is organized into 11 major sections including: (1) properties of atoms; (2) gases; (3) solubility and solutions; (4) acids and bases; (5) energy changes; (6) equilibrium; (7) kinetics; (8) oxidation-reduction; (9) electrochemistry; (10) smoke, fire, and explosions; and (11) other chemical reactions. Appendices include an equipment and reagent list and detailed safety and disposal instructions. (TN) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * ti * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** Chemical Demonstrations A Sourcebook for Michas volume I Lee R. Summerlin The University of Alabama at Birmingham James L Ealy, Jr. U.S. DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION The Hill School Mc. of Educator. Rea* and smotomment OUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Tho document has been reprOducedse evened from the Demon or COPAITIONI "noA 0 Mew changes twee been made to ~am merothachon quality Pommel yam or (*nand Meted on MIS doMP ment do not neceseenly represent OMNI OEM ocertron orPOScY "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL IN MICROFICHE ONLY P ks 86EN GRANTED o-tA. a6r.i TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." AMERICAN4 CHEMICAL soarry %VASIUNGION, DC 1115 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Summerlin, Le Chemical deu. .enstrations. Includes index. 1. ChemistryExperiments. L Ealy, Jim, 1943- IL Tide. QD43S77 1985 542 85-11240 ISBN 0-8412-0923-5 Book cover desige and illustrations: Pamela Lewis Copy Editor: Susan Robinson Production Editor. Hilary Kanter Managing Editor. Janet S. Dodd Text typesetting: The Lodders of Rockville, Rockville, Md. Front matter and index typesetting: Hot Type Ltd.. Washington, D.C. Typeface: Mellor Printing and binding: R. R. Donnelley and Sons Company, Harrison:7Irg Va. Copyright 411985 American Chemical Society All Rights Reserved. Reprographic copies of individual demonstrationsmay be made for personal or internal use or for the personal or internal use of specific clients. This ccnsent does not extend to copying or transmission by any meansgraphic or electronicforany other purpose, such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotionalpurposes, for creating a new collective work, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publicationis not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemicalprocess, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any rightor permission, to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce,use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registerednames, trademarks, etc., used in this publication., even wihout specific indication thereof,are not to be considered unprotected by law. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Second Printing 1986 3 About the Authors LEE R. SUMMERLIN received his B.A. in Chemis- try/Biology from Samford University, his M.S. I in Biology/Chemistry from Birmingham-South- ern College, and his Ph.D. in Chemistry/Science Education from the University of Maryland. He has held many teaching and administrative positions as well as served as a consultant to various agencies and organizations, companies, colleges and universities, and school boards in 1 this country and abroad. He has served as a peer review panelist for several science educa- tional development programs and as a chemistry consultant to various National Science Foundation Instituits. He has presented many seminars and published a number of books on methods and aspects of teaching chemistry and science. He has also conducted numerous workshops on chemical demonstrations throughout the country. He served as coordinator of the Institute for Chemical Education program at the University of Califo'nia, Berkeley, in the summer of 1986. Dr. Summerlin has held office or had major committee assignments in the American Chemical Society, the National Science Teachers Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Florida Association of Science Teachers, and the Association for the Education of Teachers of Science. He was the recipient of the American Chemical Society Outstanding Chemistry Teacher Award (1967), the James B. Conant Award (1969), and the Du Pont Award (1970). He received the 1985 Ingalls Award, which is given to the Outstanding Teacher at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, and was a national recipient of the 1986 Chemical Manufacturers Association Catalyst Award. JAMES LEE EALY, JR.. received his B.A. in Chem- istry/Biology from Shippensburg University. Since that time he has worked at the Mercers- burg Academy (Chemistry and Biology Mas- ter), The Greensboro Day School (Science Department Chairman), and The Hill School (Head, Chemistry Department). In each of these positions, he worked to develop demonstrations as well as courses that would teach students how to learn the "scientific method" as well as the basics of chemistry. He developed a labora- tory manual for use at The Hill School and is a teacher in the Chemistry Workshop presented by The Taft School in Watertown, Connecticut. In addition to working at The Hill School, Mr. Ealy serves as a marine consultant; his latest project was to develop nine training manuals to be used by a consortium of fourteen oil companies in Alaska. Mr. Ealy has also served on various committees including the American Chemical Society Committee on Advanced Chemistry Exam Writing and the Test Writing Committee for the 1985 Chemistry Olympiad. He serves as a subject editor for the Journal of Chemical Education and has presented demonstrations around the country andpapers at several ChemEd International Meetings. A W)rd of Caution Demonstrations can be fun, and they add excitement to the teaching of chemistry. However, this volume is intended foruse by professional chemists and chemistry teachers. Even the simplest demonstration is potentially dangerous when performed by someone lacking the manipulative skills and knowledge of chemistry necessary to understand the reactions involved. Every precaution must be taken to ensure the safety of the demonstrator and the students. You should follow the directions given for each demonstration andnot exceed the recommended amounts of chemicals. Contents Preface ix Properties of Atoms 1. Electronegativity, Atomic Diameter, and Ionization Energy 3 Gases 2. Gas Densities 7 3. Properties of Gases: Pressure and Suction 8 4. Temperature and Pressure Relationships 9 5. Solubility of a Gas: The Ammonia Fountain 10 6. Preparation of Oxygen Gas from Laundry Bleach 12 7. Preparation of Chlorine Gas from Laundry Bleach 13 8. Diffusion of Gases 14 9. Production of a Gas: Acetylene 16 10. Determining the Molecular Weight of a Gas: Flick Your Bic 17 11. The Effect of Pressure on Boiling Point 19 Solubility and Solutions 12. Precipitate Formation: White 23 13. Precipitate Formation: Black and White 24 14. Precipitate Formation: Blue 25 15. Effect of Temperature on Solubility 26 16. Negative Coefficient of Solubility: Calcium Acetate 27 17. Supersaturation and Crystallization 26 18. The Silicate Garden 30 19. The Effect of Temperature on a Hydrate: Pink to Blue 31 20. Cobalt Complexes: Changing Coordination Numbers 32 21. Polar Properties and Solubility 34 Acids and Bases 22. Acid-Base Indicators 37 23. Acid-Base Indicators: Universal Indicator 36 24. Acid-Base Indicators and pH 39 25. Acid-Base Indicators: A Voice-Activated Chemical Reaction 40 Energy Changes 26. Endothermic Reaction: Anunonium Nitrate 43 27. Endothermic Reaction: Two Solids 44 28. Endothermic Reaction: Thionyl Chloride and Cobalt Sulfate 45 29. Exothermic Reaction: Calcium Chloride 46 I 30. Exothermic Reaction: Sodium Sulfite and Bleach 47 I Equilibrium 31. Equilibrium and LeChatelier's Principle 51 I 32. Effect of Temperature Change on Equilibrium: Cobalt Complex 53 33. Effects of Concentration and Temperatureon Equilibrium: Craver Complex 54 I 34. Effect
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  • Structural Regulation of Lanthanum Oxychloride and Its Enhanced Photosynthetic Activity

    Structural Regulation of Lanthanum Oxychloride and Its Enhanced Photosynthetic Activity

    2018 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Machinery and Earth Science (BEMES 2018) Structural Regulation of Lanthanum Oxychloride and its Enhanced Photosynthetic Activity Xie Liyan Putian University, Fujian, Putian, 351100 Keywords: Structural Regulation, Lanthanum Oxychloride Abstract: BiOCl has high photocatalytic efficiency due to its unique laminar structure, reasonable restraining zone and stable property, which has attracted a lot of researches from domestic and foreign scholars. However, it has the disadvantage of narrow absorption band, so it needs to be modified by metal, semiconductor and carbon materials. The difficulty in the study of bismuth chloride is the stability and load of bismuth chloride composite. 1. Introduction At present, the energy crisis and environmental pollution have gradually affected the survival and development of human beings and become a worldwide problem. At present, photocatalytic technology can provide green hydrogen energy through solar energy decomposition of water, and also decompose organic pollutants in sewage, providing new support for energy and environmental protection. The traditional semiconductor photocatalysts are mainly TiO2 and CdS, etc. The disadvantage of these catalysts is that they have large bandgap width, which makes the catalytic efficiency low[1-2].Therefore, we need to develop a catalyst with high photoefficiency and high catalytic activity. In recent years, the two-dimensional material in terms of energy, catalytic show a broad application prospect, especially layered bismuth chloride, the material is non-toxic, stable chemical properties, optical properties of stable structure, easy to adjust and moderate band structure characteristic, in the light, showed excellent physical and chemical properties. 2. Yttrium Oxychloride Material BiOCl has high anisotropy, and its crystal structure is PbFCl, belonging to tetragonal system.