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A Study of the Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Yampa River Drainage System Moffat and Routt Co

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A Study of the Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Yampa River Drainage System Moffat and Routt Co University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1969 A study of the stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Yampa River Drainage System Moffat and Routt Co. Colorado Briant Richard Oblad The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Oblad, Briant Richard, "A study of the stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Yampa River Drainage System Moffat and Routt Co. Colorado" (1969). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6711. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6711 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. êi Fish Creek Falls^ Steamboat Springs, Colorado A STUDY OF THE STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA) OF THE YAMPA RIVER DRAINAGE SYSTEM, MOFFAT AND ROUTT CO., COLORADO By Briant R. Oblad B.A., University of Utah, 1967 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1969 Approved by : Chairman, Board Examiners Date UMI Number: EP37512 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Ois»ertation Publishing UMI EP37512 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProiQ^sf ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank those people who have helped in any way with this thesis. I extend thanks to two of my brothers, John and Jim, for assistance with collecting in the summer of 1968. Significant contribu­ tions to the collection of specimens were also made by Dr. Arden Gaufin and Dr. Alan Nebeker. I thank my colleagues, Richard Baumann for assistance with the taxonomy and Michael Miner for drawing some of the illustrations. I am indebted to Bud Hurd, a conservation officer of Steamboat Springs, for information concerning accessibility and location of certain streams. Appreciation is also due Don Matthews, another resident of Steamboat Springs, for the frontpiece. Gratitude is due Jean Morgan for her assistance in typing the thesis. I also appreciate the varied help and constant encouragement given by my wife, Marilyn. Foremost, I would like to give special thanks, to my advisor. Dr. Arden Gaufin, for his encouragement and counsel. Also 1 thank him for permission to use some of the illustrations from "The Stoneflies of Utah" publication. I wish to thank those persons, who have served on the advisory committee, namely. Dr. George Weisel, Dr. James Lowe, and Dr. John F. Tibbs. Their critical evaluation and constructive criticisms were appreciated. This research.has been supported in part by a Federal Water Pollution Control Administration Training Grant. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION .............................................. 1 Objectives................................................ 1 Description of A r e a ...................................... 2 Review of the Literature.................................. 3 II. FIELD METHODS AND PROCEDURES.................... 6 Stonefly Collection Techniques .................... .... 6 Dissolved Oxygen ........................ 8 Free Carbon Dioxide ...................................... 8 Alkalinity ................................................ 8 Temperature .............................................. 8 Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ................................ 8 Bottom T y p e .............................................. 9 Elevation ................................................ 9 III. TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF STONEFLIES, YAMPA RIVER DRAINAGE, COLORADO .................................. 10 Check L i s t ................................................ 10 A. Key to the Families and Genera of the Stoneflies.............................................. 15 A Key to the Subgenera and Species of the Stoneflies, with Distribution Lists, Maps, and Illustrations.................................... 22 Suborder FILIPALPIA ...................................... 22 CHAPTER PAGE Genus Netnoura........................................ 22 Genus Paraleuctra.................................... 34 Genus C a p n i a ........................................ 39 Genus Eucapnopsis.................................... 48 Genus P a r a c a p n i a .................................... 49 Genus Brachvptera.................................... 50 Genus Pteronarcella.................................. 54 Genus Pteronarcvs.................................... 56 Suborder SETIPALPIA .................................... 59 Genus Arcvnoptervx.................................. 59 Genus I s o g e n u s ...................................... 62 Genus I s o p e r l a ...................................... 68 Genus D i u r a .......................................... 75 Genus Paraperla...................................... 77 Genus Alloperla...................................... 79 Genus A c r o n e u r i a .................................... 94 Genus C l a a s s e n i a .................................... 96 Key to the Abbreviation of Collectors.................. 99 XV. DISCUSSION ................................................ 116 Emergence.............................................. 116 Adult B e h a v i o r ........................................ 119 Classification of Habitats.............................. 120 Altitudinal Distribution .............................. 134 V. SUMMARY.................................................... 137 V CHAPTER PAGE LITERATURE C I T E D ...................... .......................... 139 VITA ............................................................ 145 vi LIST OF TABLES TABLE pa ge I. Seasonal Emergence Distribution .......................... 117 II. Stream Types of the Different Stonefly Species ............. 122 III. Chemical D a t a .............................................. 123 IV. Altitudinal Distribution In the Yampa River D r a i n a g e ................................................ 135 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1, Map of the Yampa River Drainage ............... 7 2a Distribution map of Nemoura venusta, californica, and _No coloradensis ............... 26 3. Distribution map of Nemoura decepta, _N. delicatula» and besametsa ................. 31 4. Distribution map of Nemoura cinctipes, haysi, and N_a oregonensis ................................ 35 5. Distribution map of Paraleuctra occidentalism sara, Eucapnopsis brevicauda, and Paracapnia angulata ........ 38 6 . Distribution map of Capnia lemoniana, logana, and C . ...... ............ ....... 44 7. Distribution map of Capnia coloradensis, _C. confusa, C^. gracilaria, and C^. limata ........ 47 8 . Distribution map of Brachyptera fosketti, nigripennis, and pacif ica o .......... .............. 53 9. Distribution map of Pteronarcella badia, and Pteronarcys californica ..... ...................... 58 10. Distribution map of Arcynopteryx signata. A, parallela, and Isogenus aestivalis ........ ................ 64 11. Distribution map of Isogenus colubrinus, 1, elongatus, and I^, modestus .................... 67 12. Distribution map of Isoperla ebria, fulva, and I . » r oQ..o. ....... ........ 73 13. Distribution map of Isoperla patricia, pinta, and _Io 5-punctata . „ , ............ 76 14. Distribution map.of Diura knowltoni, and Paraperla frontalis ................ 78 15. Distribution map of Alloperla severa, A. lineosa, and A. pallidula ........ ............................ 85 16. Distribution map of Alloperla borealis, A. coloradensis, and A, lamb a ...................................... 89 17. Distribution map of Alloperla diverse, A. pintada, and A. s i g n a t a .......... 93 18. Distribution map of Acroneuria californica, A. pacifica, and Claassenia sabulosa ................................ 98 19a. Nemoura coloradensis, male, dorsal view . .................. 101 19b. Nemoura coloradensis, male, lateral view .................. 101 20. Nemoura californica, male, dorsal v i e w .................... 101 21a. Nemoura venusta, male, dorsal view ..... .............. 101 21b, Nemoura venusta, male, subanal lobe ....... .......... 101 22. Nemoura venusta, male, lateral view ..... 101 23. Nemoura besametsa, male, dorsal view ............ loi 24. Nemoura besametsa, male, lateral view .................... lOi 25. Nemoura coloradensis, female, ventral view ................ 101 26. Nemoura californica, female, ventral view .................. 101 27. Nemoura venusta, female, ventral view .......... lOl 28. Nemoura besametsa, female, ventral view ................ loi 29. Nemoura decepta, male, dorsal view . .................... 101 30. Nemoura delicatula, male, dorsal view . .................... 101 ix 31. Nemouradecepta, female, ventral view ....................... 101 32. Nemoura delicatula , ventral
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