NEW OF WINTER STONEFLIES, GENUS (, CAPNIIDAE )

HERBERT H. ROSS and WILLIAM E. RICKER Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana and Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa

Printed from the Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science, Vol. 57, No. 2-1964 NEW SPECIES OF WINTER STONEFLIES, GENUS ALLOCAPNIA (PLECOPTERA, CAPNIIDAE) HERBERT H. ROSS and WILLIAM E. RICKER Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana and Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa

ABSTRACT.-Six new species of winter are deposited in the collection of the stoneflies from the temperate deciduous forest area of eastern North America Illinois Natural History Survey, belonging to the genus Allocapnia are with a duplicate set of paratypes de- described as follows (with the states posited in the Canadian National of occurrence indicated): A. pechumani ( N.Y.), A. tennessa (Tenn.), A. frisoni Museum. ( N.Y., Pa., W. Va.), A. peltoides ( Ark., Okla.), A. mohri (Okla.), and A. ohio- SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS ensis (Ind., Ky., Ohio). Diagnostic characters of the male genitalia are il- The following new species of Allo- lustrated for each species. are small, dark members of One of the most intriguing genera the Capniidae remarkably of in eastern North America similar in superficial appearance and is the stonefly genus Allocapnia. The general characteristics to species al- aquatic nymphs mature in very late ready described. The diagnostic dif- autumn and early winter, and the ferences between these species are adults emerge, mate, and lay their found in the shape of a few sclerites eggs from late November to late and processes at the terminal end of March, sometimes being active into the body, associated with genitalic early April in the northern part of structures. Information concerning their range. The genus is known only related species may be found in the from the area occupied by the tem- detailed studies of Prison (1935, perate deciduous forest and its north- 1942), Hanson (1942), and Ricker ern ecotone area with the boreal (1952). coniferous forest. Allocapnia pechum.ani, new species Because of the restricted ranges of Male.—Length 5 mm. Color dark certain species in this genus, we brown to blackish, the cerci and Venter think that these little stoneflies con- light brown, the wing veins medium tribute valuable information to an brown and the membrane slightly smoky. General structure typical for understanding of faunal movements genus. Wings reaching only to fourth and dispersals associated with the tergite. Genitalia typical of the A. glacial events of the Pleistocene. In forbesi group, Figure 1 A, B, C. Process of seventh tergite high, conical from the accumulation of material further- lateral view, its apex cleft to form ing these studies, several species new distinct lateral lobes, Figure 1 B. Proc- ess of eighth tergite high, its apex to science have been discovered, and cleft to form a pair of wide lobes, Fig- six of them are described in this ure 1 C. Upper supra-anal process with paper. short, sagittate apical segment. Female.—Length of head and body Unless otherwise specified, the 6 mm. Color and general structure sim- types of all species described herein ilar to male. Wings extending slightly

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Winter Stone flies 89

upper supra-anal process

PECHUMANI

B , - PECHUMANI

//. C TENNESSA au • 110PainA pi"- PECHUMANI

MOHR!

11r11.1 1111 FRISONI prird(ii OHIOENSIS

PELTOIDES

FIGURE 1.—Male genitalic structures of Anocapnia species. A, D, E, F, lateral aspect; B, seventh tergite, posterior aspect; C, G, H, eighth tergite, posterior as- pect; I, tip of lower supra-anal process, dorsal aspect. 90 Transactions Illinois Academy of Science beyond the tip of the abdomen. Genital Allocapnia tennessa, new species segments indistinguishable from those of A. maria Hanson (Ricker, 1952, Fig- Male.-Length, color, and general ure 116). structure similar to the preceding. Holotype male, allotype female, and Wings absent. Genitalia, Figure 1 D, 11 male and female paratypes.-Stark- having upper supra-anal process short, ville, Herkimer County, New York, its apical segment as long as Otsquago Creek, March 27, 1960, K. R. segment. Seventh tergite without a Chadwick. Paratypes - NEW YORK: raised, sclerous process. Process of Albany County, Trout Pond Creek, near eighth tergite moderately low, its lat- Hicks Pond, Rensselaerville, April 6, eral aspect pointed at tip and forming 1963, L. L. Pechuman, two males; a sharp angle with the posterior por- Cayuga County, Paines Creek at Route tion of the segment, its posterior aspect 90, Aurora, March 23, 1963, L. L. Pechu- evenly arcuate, almost exactly as in man, twelve males and four females; Figure 1 G. Greene County, tributary of West Kill, Female.-Length 7 mm, color and near Sprucetown March 31, 1963, L. W. general structure similar to male. All, one female; Schenectady County, Wings of allotype reaching almost to small stream three miles south of tip of abdomen, in paratypes varying junction of Route 30 and Route 159, from short (reaching only to fourth March 19, 1957, P. H. Freytag, four tergite) to long (extending slightly be- males; Schuyler County, tributary of yond tip of abdomen). Seventh and Taughannock Creek, one-tenth mile eighth sternites with their mesal area south of Mecklenburg, March 5, 1963, fused; eighth, ninth, and tenth tergites L. L. Pechuman, nine males and eight completely and heavily sclerotized. females; Tompkins County, Willow Holotype male, allotype female, and Creek, corner of Kraft and DuBois 4 male and female paratypes.-Three Roads, Ithaca, March 24, 1963, L. W. miles north of Fayetteville, Tennessee, All, three males and one female; Tomp- January 27, 1958, H. H. and J. A. Ross. kins County, Willow Creek waterfalls, Paratypes-TENNESSEE: Triune, Jan- five and seven-tenths miles north of uary 27, 1958, H. H. and J. A. Ross, Ithaca, Route 89, March 24, 1963, L. W. eight males; two miles south of Shelby- All, three males and one female; Tomp- ville, January 27, 1958, H. H. and J. A. kins County, Danby Creek, junction of Ross, two females; five miles northwest Route 96 Band Van Etten Road, Danby, of Shelbyville, on U.S. Alternate 41, March 29, 1963, L. W. All, 12 males and January 26, 1958, H. H. and J. A. Ross, 20 females; Tompkins County, Butter- two males and one female; Rutherford milk Falls State Park, Ithaca, March County, Overall Creek, near south of 16, 1963, L. L. Pechuman, eight males; Allisona, January 13, 1963, H. H. and Esperance, April 11, 1937, H. H. Ross, J. A. Ross, two females; Marshall Coun- one male; Fredonia, April 13, 1937, ty, East Rock Creek, five miles north of H. H. Ross, six males; Ithaca, Beebe Lewisburg, January 13, 1963, H. H. and Lake, March 11, 1959, S. E. Neff, one J. A. Ross, one male; Maury County, male; Ithaca, Beebe Lake, March 20, ten miles west of Columbia, February 1959, B. Lund, one female; Starkville, 11, 1962, Ross and Ross, one female; Otsquago Creek, March 27, 1960, K. R. Maury County, Duck River, February Chadwick, ten females and three males. 11, 1962, Ross and Ross, four males and Deposited in the collections of the Illi- two females. nois Natural History Survey, the Ca- This species is a close relative only nadian National Museum, Cornell Uni- of A. vivipara Claassen, differing versity, and the collection of P. H. Freytag, Columbus, Ohio. from that species in the short basal This species is most closely related segment of the upper supra-anal to A. forbesi Frison but differs in process, and the less extensive fusion having the process of the seventh of the female seventh and eighth tergite cleft and occupying the mid- sterna. dle or the front half of the tergite. From A. maria Hanson this species Allocapnia frisoni, new species differs in the wide lobes of the proc- Male.-Length, color and general structure similar to the preceding. ess of the eighth tergite. Wings reaching sixth segment. Seventh Winter Stone flies 91 tergite having no sclerous process. versity, and the collection of P. H. Eighth tergite, Figure 1 E, rising grad- Freytag, Columbus, Ohio. ually posteriorly, the lateral aspect of The small, setose processes below its dorsal process appearing as a fiat sloping area that is somewhat shield- the process of the eighth tergite in- shaped from dorsal view; below the dicate that of the described species tip of the process there is on each side of Allocapnia this species is most a short, small, prominent projection bearing fine hairs. Both arms of supra- closely related to A. granulata. From anal process short, the upper one having this species A. frisoni differs in the the apical and basal segments about equal in length. flat and somewhat shield-shaped area Female.-Length 6 mm, color and which represents the rugose dorsal general structure similar to male. process of the eighth tergite of the Wings extending beyond apex of abdo- men. Seventh and eighth sternites not male. fused, the mesal area of the posterior Allocapnia peltoides, margin of the eighth sternite having new species a wedge-shaped shining area, indistin- Male.-Distinguished from the pre- guishable at present from illustrations ceding species only in characters of of A. granulata (Claassen) (Frison, the genital segments, as follows, Figure 1935, Fig. 220). 1 F: dorsal process of eighth tergite Holotype male, allotype female, and larger, its lateral aspect with the tips 7 male and female paratypes.-Evans- of the rugose area more anterior to the vine, West Virginia, March 16, 1945, small haired processes than in A. fri- Frison et al. Paratypes.-NEW YORK: soni, the dorsal aspect forming a larger Cayuga County, Little Creek at Route shield; dorsal aspect of the upper supra- 90, Aurora, March 23, 1963, L. L. Pechu- anal process almost uniform in width, man, one male and one female; Tomp- not tapering at the base as in A. fri- kins County, Ludlowville, Salmon Creek soni. at bridge, Salmon Creek Road, January Female.-Indistinguishable at present 19, 1963, L. L. Pechuman, two females from that of A. frisoni. and six males; Tompkins County, Lud- Holotype male, allotype female, and lowville, Locke Creek at Salmon Creek 1 male paratype.-Polk Creek, Leflore Road, January 19, 1963, L. L. Pechuman, Co., Poteau, Oklahoma, Feb. 10, 1961, nine males and six females; Tompkins Ross & Ross. Paratypes.-ARKANSAS: County, Ludlowville, Locke Creek at Mill Creek, Scott Co., Feb. 10, 1959, Ross Gulf and Holden Road, January 19, & Stannard, 1 male, 1 female; OKLA- 1963, L. L. Pechuman, one female; HOMA: 4 miles south of Lewisville, Tompkins County, Myers, Salmon Haskel Co., Feb. 10, 1961, Ross & Ross, Creek at bridge, January 19, 1963, L. L. 1 male. Pechuman, one male; Tompkins Coun- This species forms with A. frisoni ty, Salmon Creek at Bridge, Myers, February 20, 1963, L. L. Pechuman, one a pair of sister species of unusual male; Church Creek, near Lindley, interest. It is logical to suppose that March 14, 1963, L. L. Pechuman, one the parent of the two must have dis- female; OHIO: Ash Cave, March 6, 1938, T. H. Frison, five males and six persed between the Appalachian re- females; rock riffle, Athens, March 5, gion and the Ouachita region, then 1942, W. E. Stehr, two males; PENN- become separated into two isolated SYLVANIA: small creek three miles west of Duncansville, March 10, 1958, populations. The eastern population P. H. Freytag and J. Dukes, two males evolved into A. frisoni, the western and one female; WEST VIRGINIA: one into A. peltoides. Horse Creek, Jaeger, February 2, 1936, J. Addair, five males and three females; Horse Creek, Jaeger, January 1, 1936, Allocapnia mohri, new species J. Addair, five males and six females; Male.-Length 4.5 mm. Color and Buffalo Creek, Macomber, March 4, general structure similar to preceding. 1959, H. H. and J. A. Ross, one male. Lateral aspect of genitalic structures Deposited in the collections of the Illi- as in illustrations of A. recta Claassen nois Natural History Survey, the Ca- (Prison, 1935, Fig. 221). Seventh ter- nadian National Museum, Cornell Uni- gite without dorsal processes. Process 92 Transactions Illinois Academy of Science of eighth tergite, Figure 1 G, moderate- Medora, February 14, 1938, T. H. Frison ly low, its lateral aspect gently sloping, and C. D. Mohr, twenty-three males; its posterior aspect wide, arcuate, with Kentucky: Catlettsburg, March 10, 1959, hardly any suggestion of a shoulder H. H. and J. A. Ross, one male; stream at the base. Upper supra-anal process northwest of Olive Hill, on Route 59, short, wide, and thin, almost foliaceous. March 14, 1962, P. H. Freytag and A. B. Female.-Indistinguishable from that Kunkel, one male and one female; of A. recta (Claassen) as illustrated by Morehead, March 11, 1959, H. H. and Frison (1935, Fig. 213). J. A. Ross, thirteen males; OHIO: Ash Holotype male, allotype female, and Cave, March 6, 1938, T. H. Frison, 70 male and female paratypes.-Two twenty-five females and twenty-four miles south of Summit, Leflore County, males; Athens, Margaret Creek, March Oklahoma, Feb. 11, 1961, Ross & Ross. 6, 1938, T. H. Frison, one male; Road In Frison's (1935) key this species 125, nine miles east of Blue Creek, March 19, 1950, W. E. Ricker, six males; will run to recta (Claassen), of Carbondale, March 6, 1938, T. H. Frison, which it is an extremely close rela- two males; tributary of Hocking River, tive. From A. recta, A. mohri differs Coolville, March 16, 1940, T. H. Frison, thirteen males and three females; in the wide and arcuate apex of the Mount Pleasant, March 6, 1938, T. H. process of the eighth tergite. In A. Frison, one female; northern branch of Sunfish Creek below Pike Lake, January recta the posterior aspect of this 2, 1960, P. H. Freytag, twenty-two males process is much narrower and shoul- and ten females; Turkey Creek west of dered at the base. Portsmouth, March 19, 1950, W. E. Ricker, one male. Some paratypes de- Allocapnia ohioensis, new species posited in the collection of Dr. Paul Freytag, Columbus, Ohio. Male.-Length 5 mm. Color and gen- eral structure similar to preceding. This species is remarkably close to Wings reaching fifth segment. Process A. indianae Ricker, which differs of seventh tergite prominent but much from A. ohioensis in having a narrow smaller than that of eighth, with a suggestion of the tridentate condition. and tongue-like apex of the lower Process of eighth tergite, Fig. 1 H, fair- supra-anal process and in having the ly high and abrupt, posterior aspect mesal tooth of the process of the tridentate, the middle tooth much lower than the pair of lateral teeth. Apex of eighth tergite as high as the lateral lower supra-anal process, Fig. 1 I, tap- ones. Ricker segregated many of the ering fairly gradually into the wider above paratypes from the paratype base, the tip somewhat triangular. Female.-Seventh and eighth stern- series of A. indianae. ites fused, apical margin of eighth pro- duced into a wide shiny area, project- ing only a small distance beyond the ACKNOWLEDGMENTS lateral edge of the apical margin. Holotype male, allotype female, and We wish to give grateful acknowl- 10 male and 4 female paratypes.-Trib- utary of Hocking River, Coolville, Ohio, edgment to some sixty collaborators March 16, 1940, Frison et al. Paratypes. who have assisted us by collecting -INDIANA: Bryant's Creek, six miles winter stoneflies during the course south of Martinsville, March 25-26, 1950, W. E. Ricker, one male and three fe- of this study, which is still continu- males; Center Creek, two miles south ing. We also wish to express our of Brooklyn, March 23, 1950, W. E. Ricker, one female; creek two miles appreciation to Mrs. Alice Ann south of Brooklyn, on Road 67, Feb- Prickett for making the illustrations. ruary 9, 1950, W. E. Ricker, three This project has been supported males: 10-Dead Creek, four miles north of Bloomington, January 5, 1950, W. E. by a research grant from the Na- Ricker, one male; creek northwest of tional Science Foundation. Winter Stone flies 93

LITERATURE CITED HANSON, J. F. 1942. Studies on the Plecoptera of North America. III. FiasoN, T. H. 1935. The stoneflies, or Allocapnia. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Plecoptera, of Illinois. Bull. Ill. Nat. 37 (3) : 81-88, 4 figs. Hist. Survey 20 (4): 281-471, 344 figs. RICKER, W. E. 1952. Systematic Studies . 1942. Studies of North in Plecoptera. Ind. Univ. Publ., Sci- American Plecoptera. Bull. Ill. Nat. ence Ser., 18: 1-200, 154 figs. Hist. Survey 22 (2): 231-355, 126 figs. Manuscript received January 15, 1964.