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Home , Homoerotic poetry, John Henry Mackay

The Columbia Anthology of Gay Literature

Readings from Western Antiquity to the Present Day

EDITED BY BYRNE R. S. FONE Contents

Preface xxvii Acknowledgments xxxiii Bibliographical Notes xxxv

Part One: Inventing Eros 1 Literature of the Ancient World from the Earliest Texts to the Beginning of Premodern Times

1. THE EARLIEST TEXTS 3 Mesopotamia 3 From the Epic ofGilgamesh (3rd millennium B.C.E.) 3 English version by N. K. Sandars [The Coming ofEnkidu] 3 [The Death of Enkidu] 6 [The Lament ofGilgamesh for Enkidu] 7 The Old Testament 9 The Friendship of David and Jonathan 1 Samuel 17:55-58 and 18.1-4 9 David's Lament for Jonathan 2 Samuel 1:17-27 10

2. EROS IN ARCADIA: GREEK LITERATURE 11 Legendary Lovers 15 Zeus and Ganymede 16 Homer 16 From the Iliad, Book 20 (8th cent. B.C.E.) 16 Translated by E. V. Rieu Achilles and Patroclus 16 Homer 16 From the Iliad, Books 18 and 23 [Achilles' Lament and the Funeral of Patroclus} 17 [Achilles' Dream] 20 Translated by E. V. Rieu viii Contents

Harmodius and Aristogeiton 22 Thucydides (471-400 C.E.) 22 [The History of Harmodius and Aristogeiton] 22 Translated by Benjamin Jowett Orestes and Pylades 23 Lucian (c. 120-80 C.E.) 23 From Amores 47 23 Translated by W. J. Baylis The Sacred Band of Thebes 24 Plutarch (46-120 C.E.) 24 From The Life ofPelopidas 24 Translated by Edward Carpenter Theorizing Desire: Inventing Paiderastia 25 Plato (427-347 B.C.E.) 25 ' From Symposium (c. 385 B.C.E.) 25 Translated by Walter Hamilton [The Speech ofPhaedrus] 26 [The Speech ofPausanias] 27 [The Speech of Aristophanes] 31 [The Dialogue of Socrates and Diotima] 33 Musa Paidika: Greek Homoerotic Poetry 37 Solon (c. 638-558 B.C.E.) 37 [The Love of Boys] 37 Translated by John Addington Symonds Anacreon of Teos (570-485 B.C.E.) 37 Fragment 17 37 Translated by Eugene O' Connor Elegy 2 37 Translated by Peter Bing and Rip Cohen Fragment 360 38 Translated by Alfred Corn Theognis (570-490 B.C.E.) 38 From the "Second Book" of Theognis 38 Translated by Peter Bing and Rip Cohen Pindar (518-438 B.C.E.) 38 [To Theoxenos] 38 Translated by John Addington Symonds Euripedes (480-406 B.C.E.) 39 Fragment 652 39 Translated by John Addington Symonds Theocritus (310-245 B.C.E.) 39 Idyll 29 39 Translated by W. Douglas P. Hill From the Greek Anthology (1st cent. B.C.E.—4th cent. C.E.) 40 Translated by Daryl Hine, with additional versions by Byrne Fone Contents ix

Affairs of the Heart: Romance and Debate 45 Philostratus (2nd~3rd cent. C.E.) 46 From the Epistles Translated by Allen Rogers Benner and Francis Forbes Letter 19: To a Boy Who Is a Prostitute 46 Letter 57: To a Boy 46 Xenophon of Ephesus (3rd cent. C.E.) 47 From the Ephesiaca Translated by Moses Hadas [Hippothoos and Hyperanthes] 47 (Pseudo) Lucian (Early 4th cent. C.E.) 49 From Affairs of the Heart Translated by M. D. McLeod [The Two Types of Love] 50 Nonnus (c. 450 C.E.) 53 From Dionysiaca Translated by W. H. D. Rouse [Dionysus and Ampelos] 53 [Carpos and Calamos] 56

3. ROME: LOVE POEMS AND SATIRE 61 Latin Literature from the First Century B.C.E. to the Second Century C.E. Introduction: Roman and Latin Literature 61 Catullus (c. 84-54 B.C.E.) 64 To Aurelius and Furius (no. 16) 64 Translated by Eugene O'Connor To Aurelius (no. 21) 64 Translated by Eugene O'Connor To Juventius (no. 99) 65 Translated by Frank O. Copley Virgil (70-19 B.C.E.) 65 Eclogue 2: The Lament ofCorydon for His Faithless Alexis 66 English Version by Byrne Fone Ovid (43 B.C.E.-C.E. 18) 68 From Metamorphoses [Zeus and Ganymede] 69 [Apollo and Hyacinthus] 69 Translated by Rolfe Humphries Petronius (c. C.E. 66) 70 From the Satyricon 71 Translation Attributed to Oscar Wilde Martial (40-104 C.E.) 81 Epigrams 81 Juvenal (55-140 C.E.) 83 From Satire 2 84 Translated by Peter Green x Contents

Part Two: Inventing Sodom 89 The European Middle Ages from the Third to the Thirteenth Century of the Common Era

4. INVENTING SODOM: INTRODUCTION 91 Creating Sodomites—Making Friends 91

5. INVENTING SODOM: SCRIPTURE AND LAW FROM THE SODOM STORY TO 1290 C.E. 95 The Old Testament 95 The Story of Sodom Genesis 18-19 95 The Holiness Code (7th cent. B.C.E.?) Leviticus 18:22 99 Leviticus 20:13 99 The New Testament 99 From the Epistles of St. Paul 99 Romans 1:26-27 99 1 Corinthians 6:9-10 100 Policing Sodomites: Religious Commentary and Civil Law 100 Philo Judaeus (c. 13 B.C.E.-C.E. 45) 100 From De Abrahamo (1st cent. C.E.) 100 Translated by F. H. Colson Clement of Alexandria (c. 150-215 C.E.) 100 The Theodosian Code (342 c.e.) 100 The Code of Justinian 100 Novella 77 (538 C.E.) 100 Novella 141 (544 C.E.) 101 England 101 Henry I: Council of London (c. 1102) 101 Edward I: Britton 1.10 (c. 1290) 102

6. GOD MADE OUR NATURES FULL OF LOVE 103 Romantic Friendship Between Men in Literature from the Fourth to the Fourteenth Century of the Common Era 103 Paulinus of Nola (353-431) 103 [To Ausonius] 103 Translated by Jack Lindsay Hrabanus Maurus (776-856) 103 [To Grimold, Abbot of St. Gall] 104 Translated by Helen Waddell Walafrid Strabo (809-849) 104 [Dearest, you come suddenly and suddenly you depart] 104 Translated by John Boswell Contents xi

[When the splendor of the moon] 104 Translated by Helen Waddell Marbod of Rennes (1035-1123) 105 [The Unyielding Youth] 105 Translated by John Boswell Baudri of Bourgueil (1046-1130) 106 [Your appearance is pleasing] 106 Translated by Thomas Stehling Hilary (c. 1125) 106 < [To an English Boy] 106 Translated by John Boswell] Ganymede (i2th-i3th cent.) 107 Hebe and Ganymede 107 Translated by John Boswell From The Leiden Manuscript (12th cent.) no [The wise rejoice with Ganymede] 110 Translated by John Boswell The Story of Lancelot and Galehaut 111 From Lancelot-Grail Part II: Translated by Carleton W. Carroll 111 Part III: Translated by Samuel N. Rosenberg 115 The Story of Amis and Amile (13th cent.) 122 Translated by Walter Pater

Part Three: Platonic Dialogues 125 European and English Literature from the Fourteenth to the Seventeenth Century

7. PLATONIC DIALOGUES: INTRODUCTION 127 Friendship, , and the Renaissance 127

8. THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE: AMOR SOCRATICUS 131 Marsilio Ficino (1443-1499) 131 From Commentarium in Platonis Convivium (1469) 131 [Commentary on Plato's Symposium] Translated by Sears Jayne From "Letters to Giovanni Cavalcanti Written Between 1474 and H92" 134 Translated by Members of the Language Department of the School of Economics and Science, London Filippo Scarlatti (c. 1442-c. 1487) 136 [Lanza 51] 136 Translated by James J. Wilhelm Angelo Poliziano (1454-1494) 136 Greek Epigrams 136 Translated by James J. Wilhelm xii Contents

From Favola di Orfeo (1480) 138 Translated by Elizabeth Basset Welles Ceccp Nuccoli (14th cent.) 139 Three Poems 139 Translated by Jill Claretta Robbins Marino Ceccoli (14th cent.) 140 ' Two Poems 140 Translated by Jill Claretta Robbins Pacifico Massimi (15th cent.) 140 "Advice to Paulinus" (Book I, 9) 141 "A Love Song for Marcus" (Book II, 10) 141 "On Happiness" (Book V, 8) 142 Translated by James J. Wilhelm Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) 143 Early Poems (possibly for Gherardo Perini) 144 Translated by James M. Saslow Letter to Tommaso de'Cavalieri 145 Translated by John Addington Symonds Poems to Tommaso de'Cavalieri (1532—c. 1542) 146 Translated by James M. Saslow Benedetto Varchi (1503-1565) 148 Translated by James J. Wilhelm Torquato Tasso (1544-1595) 148 Two Letters to Luca Scalabrino (1576) 148 Translated by Jill Claretta Robbins Roman Pasquinades (16th cent.) 150 Translated by James J. Wilhelm Antonio Rocco (17th cent.) 151 From L'Alcibiade fanciullo a scola (1652J 151 [Alcibiades in School] Translated by Michael Taylor From L'Alcibiade fanciullo a scola 153 Translated by Jill Claretta Robbins

9. AFFECTIONATE SHEPHERDS: ENGLISH HOMOEROTIC LITERATURE (1500-1685) 157 Henry VIII: The Law of 25 (1533) 158 Edmund Spenser (1552-1599) 158 From The Shepheardes Calendar (1579) 158 "Glosse" on Hobbinol by E.K. 160 From The Faerie Queene (1590-1596) 161 Michael Drayton (1563-1631) 163 From Piers Gaveston (1593) 163 Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) 168 From Dido, Queen of Carthage (1593) 168 From Edward II (1594) 169 Contents xiii

From Hero and Leander (1598) 181 Richard Barnfield (1574-1627) 184 From The Affectionate Shephearde (1594) 185 From Cynthia, with Certaine Sonnets (1595) 187 William Shakespeare (1564-1616) 189 ' From Sonnets (1609) 190

Part Four: Reinventing Sodomites 195 Homophobia and Resistance (1625-1869)

10. INTRODUCTION: SATIRIZING SODOMITES 197 English Homophobia (1628-1810) 199 Sir Edward Coke 199 From the Third Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England (1628) 199 The Law of Buggery, or Sodomy 199 George Lesly (c. 1650) 199 From Fire and Brimstone; Or, the Destruction of Sodom (1675) 199 Tobias Smollett (1721-1771) 201 From Roderick Random (1748) 201 John Cleland 207 From Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure (1748) 207 Ned Ward 209 From A Complete and Humorous Account of all the Remarkable Clubs and Societies in the Cities of London and Westminster (1709) 209 The Punishment of Sodomites 211 From The Trying and Pillorying of the Vere Street Club (1810) 211

11. NATURAL PASSIONS: RESISTING HOMOPHOBIA 214 English Literature (1785-1833) 214 Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) 214 From On Paederasty (1785-1816) 214 George Gordon Byron, Lord Byron (1788-1824) 219 "The Cornelian" (1807) 219 "To Thyrza" (1811) 220 "One Struggle More, and I am Free" (1811-12) 222 "If sometimes in the haunts of men" (1812) 223 "On This Day I Complete My Thirty-sixth Year" (1824) 224 "Love and Death" (1824) 225 "Last Words on Greece" (1824) 226 Anonymous 226 From Don Leon (1833) 226 xiv Contents

12. CHILDREN OF SODOM: EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY FRENCH LITERATURE 238 Donatien Alphonse Francois Sade, Comte de Sade (Marquis de Sade) (1740-1814) 238 ' "Manners" (from La Philosophie dans le boudoir, 1795) 238 Translated by Austryn Wainhouse and Richard Seaver Anonymous 240 Sodom (from Les Enfans de Sodome a VAssemble'e Nationale, 1798) 240 Translated by Gina Fisch-Freedman

13. URANIAN RENAISSANCE: GERMAN LITERATURE (1820-1869) 244 Heinrich Zschokke (1771-1848) 244 From Der Eros (1821) 244 [Eros; Or, On Love] Translated by Carl Skoggaard Heinrich Hoessli (1784-1864) 250 From Eros: Die Mannerliebe der Griechen (1836) 250 [The Manly Love of the Greeks] Translated by Carl Skoggaard Karl Heinrich Ulrichs (1825-1895) 256 From Forschungen iiber das Rdtsel der mannmdnnlichen Liebe (1864-1880) 256 [Researches into the Riddle of Love Between Men] Translated by Michael A. Lombardi-Nash K. M. Kertbeny [K. M. Benkert] 260 "Homosexuality" (1869) 260 Translated by Michael Lombardi-Nash

Part Five: Heirs of Eros 263 English Literature (1850-1969)

14. ROMANTIC FRIENDSHIP AND HOMOSEXUALITY IN NINETEENTH- CENTURY ENGLISH POETRY (1850-1900) 265 Inventing a Language 265 The Law (1861): 24 and 25 Victoria, C. 100 268 Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-1892) 268 From In Memoriam A. H. H. (1850) 269 William Johnson Cory (1823-1892) 274 From Ionica (1858) "Desiderata" 275 "Deteriora" 276 "Parting" 276 , John Addington Symonds (1840-1893) 277 "What Cannot Be" (1861) 278 Contents xv

From "Eudiades" (1868) 279 From "Love and Death: A Symphony" (c. 1871) 285 "Midnight at Baiae" (1875) 286 Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889) 288 "Epithalamion" (1888) 289 Edward Carpenter (1844-1929) 290 From Towards Democracy (1881-1902) "Through the Long Night" 290 "To a Stranger" 291 "Summer Heat" 291 Edward Cracroft Lefroy (1855-1891) 291 "A Palaestral Study" 292 "An Idler Listening to Socrates Discussing Philosophy with His Boy-Friends" 292 Marc Andre Raffalovich (1864-1934) 293 From In Fancy Dress (1886) "Rose Leaves When the Rose Is Dead" 293 "The World Well Lost IV" 294 "The World Well Lost XVIII" 294 From If Is Thyself (1889) "Sonnet CXX" 294 Lord Alfred Douglas (1870-1945) 295 "Two Loves" (1894) 295 George Ives (1867-1950) 297 From A Book of Chains (1897) "With Whom, {hen, should I Sleep?" 297 Aleister Crowley (1875-1947) 298 From White Stains (1898) "Dedicace" 298 "A Ballad of Passive Paederasty" 299 "Go into the Highways and Hedges, And Compel Them to Come In" 300 "Rondels" 300

15. INVENTING THEMSELVES: IMAGINING "HOMOSEXUALS" IN ENGLISH FICTION AND THEORY (1890-1895) 302 John Addington Symonds 302 From "A Problem in Modern Ethics" (1891) 303 Edward Carpenter (1844-1929) 308 From "Hompgenic Love" (1894) 309 Teleny (1893) 314 Attributed to Oscar Wilde and Others John Francis Bloxam (1873-1928) 322 From "The Priest and the Acolyte" (1894) 322 Havelock Ellis and John Addington Symonds 328 From Sexual Inversion (1897) 328 xvi Contents

16. SYMBOLIC SODOMITE: SOCIETY, OSCAR WILDE, AND THE LAW 335 The Law: The Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1885 335 Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) 335 "Wasted Days" (1877) 335 From Eleutheria "Helas!" (1881) 336 From Rosa Mystica "Vita Nuova" 336 Letters from Oscar Wilde to Lord Alfred Douglas (1893-1895) 337 A Defense of Uranian Love (from the Transcripts of the Second Trial) 339 [De Profundis] 341

17. ATHLETIC LOVE: ENGLISH LITERATURE (1896-1969) 345 A. E. Housman (1859—1936) 346 From A Shropshire Lad (1896) "Look not in my eyes" (XV) 347 "If truth in hearts that perish" (XXXIII) 347 "Shot? So quick" (XLIV) 348 From Last Poems (1922) "The laws of God" (XII) 348 From More Poems (1936, posthumous) "Shake hands, we never shall be friends" (XXX) 349 "Because I liked you better" (XXXI) 349 From Additional Poems (included in Collected Poems, 1940) "He would not stay for me" (VII) 350 "Oh who is that young sinner" (XVIII) 350 E. M. Forster (1879-1970) 350 From Maurice (1913) 350 From Forster's "Terminal Note" to Maurice (i960) 363 Wilfrid Owen (1893-1918) 364 "To Eros" 364 "Music" (1916-17) 365 "Anthem for a Doomed Youth" 365 "To My Friend (With an Identity Disc)" 366 D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930) 366 Prologue to Women in Love (1921) 366 J. R. Ackerley (1896-1967) 379 From My Father and Myself (1968) 379 (1904-1986) 386 From Christopher and His Kind (1980) 386 Stephen Spender (1909-1995) 389 "Abrupt and charming mover" 389 "T0T.A.R.H." 390 Contents xvii

Ralph Nicholas Chubb (1892-1960) 391 From Songs of Mankind (1930) ' "Song of My Soul" 391 From The Heavenly Cupid (1934) "Transfiguration" 392 W. H. Auden (1907-1973) 393 "Legend" (1931) 394 "Song IX [Funeral Blues]" (1936) 395 Three Posthumous Poems (1964-1967) "I. Glad" 396 "II. Aubade" 397 "III. Minnelied" 397

Part Six: Modern Love 399 European Writers from 1870

18. INVENTING HOMOSEXUALS: EUROPEAN WRITING (1870-1969) 401

19. LES MONSTRES SACRES: (1870-1945) 402 Arthur Rimbaud (1854-1891) 403 From Les Stupra "Our Assholes Are Different" 403 ["Nos fesses ne sont pas les leurs" (1872-73)] Translated by Paul Schmidt Paul Verlaine (1844-1896) 404 "Sonnet to the Asshole" 404 ["Le sonnet du trou du cul" (1872-73)] Translated by Alan Stone From Hombres (1891) Translated by Alan Stone "Balanide II" 404 "Mille e tre" 405 Marcel Proust (1871-1922) 407 From A la recherche du temps perdu (1913-1927) From Sodome et Gomorrhe I (1921) 407 Translated by C. K. Scott Moncrieff and Terence Kilmartin Andre Gide (1869-1951) 411 From Corydon (1907; 1924) 412 Translated by Richard Howard From the Journals (1889-1949) 421 Translated by Justin O'Brien Rene Crevel (1900-1935) 422 "Nighttime" (1924?) 423 Translated by Michael Taylor xviii Contents

Jean Cocteau (1889-1963) 423 From Le Livre blanc (1928) 424 ' Translated by Margaret Crosland Jean Genet (1910-1986) 426 The Man Condemned to Death (1942) 426 [Le Condamne a Mort] Translated by David Fisher and Guy Wernham From Our Lady of the Flowers (1941-42; 1943) 434 [Notre-Dame des Fleurs] Translated by Bernard Frechtman 20. VATERLANDSLOSEN: (1899-1939) 440 Elisar von Kupffer (1872-1942) 441 From "The Ethical-Political Significance of Lieblingminne" (1899) 441 Translated by Hubert Kennedy "Gotamo" 444 "Into the Future!" (1903) 444 Translated by Hubert Kennedy John Henry Mackay (1864-1933) 449 Selections Translated by Hubert Kennedy "The Nameless Love" (1905) 449 "Tomorrow" 449 The Nameless Love: A Creed (1906) 450 Benedict Friedlander (1866-1908) 452 From "Memoir for the Friends and Contributors of the Scientific Humanitarian Committee in the Name of the Secession of the Scientific Humanitarian Committee" (1907) 452 Translated by Hubert Kennedy

21. EROTIC REVOLUTIONARIES: RUSSIAN LITERATURE (1836-1922) 457 Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin (1799-1837) 457 "Imitation of the Arabic" (1835) 458 "On the Statue of a Player at Svaika" (1836) 458 Translated by Michael Green Nikolay Klyuev (1887-1937) 458 "The Fourth Rome" (1922) 458 Translated by Simon Karlinsky Sergei Esenin (1895-1925) 460 [Yesterday's rain . . .] (1916) 460 From Prayers for the Dead (1918) 461 [Esenin's Suicide Note] (1925) 461 Translated by Simon Karlinsky Mikhail Alekseevich Kuzmin (1872-1936) 462 From Alexandrian Songs (1897; 1906) 462 Translated by Michael Green Contents xix

From Nets (1908) 466 Translated by Simon Karlinsky "Ah, those lips, kissed by so many" 466 "At the Party" 467 From Clay Doves (c. 1915) 468 Translated by Simon Karlinsky "Nine delightful birthmarks" 468

22. EROS IN EGYPT: ALEXANDRIAN SONGS 469 Constantine Cavafy (1863-1933) 469 Translated by Edmund Keeley and Philip Sherrard "At the Cafe Door" (1915) 469 "One Night" (1915) 469 "When They Come Alive" (1916) 470 "In the Street" (1916) 470 "Passing Through" (1917) 470 "Comes to Rest" (1919) 470 "Their Beginning" (1921) 471 "In Despair" (1923) 471

23. SOUTHERN DAWN: ITALIAN LITERATURE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 472 Sandro Penna (1906-1977) 472 Seven Poems 472 Translated by John McRae

24. AMOR OSCURO: SPANISH LITERATURE 475 Luis Cernuda (1902-1963) 476 Nine Poems Translated by Rick Lipinski From The Young Sailor and Other Poems "I'll Tell You How You Were Born" 476 "The Shadow" 477 From The Chimera's Wasteland (1956-1962) "For Two Voices" 478 "That Which Is Enough for Love" 478 From Poems for a Body "The Lover Digresses" 479 Four Poems from Where Oblivion Dwells (1932-33) 480 Federico Garcia Lorca (1898-1936) 482 From Sonetos del amor oscuro (1935-36) Translated by David William Foster "Night of Sleepless Love" 483 "Sonnet of Sweet Weeping" 483 "The Poet Asks His Love to Write to Him" 484 "The Poet Speaks with Love by Telephone" 484 xx Contents

"The Poet Asks His Love About the Enchanted City of Cuenca" 484 Untitled ["Ah secret voice of dark love!"] 484 "The Poet Speaks the Truth" 485

25. LATIN AMERICAN AND CUBAN LITERATURE 486 Paradiso 486 Adolfo Caminha (1867-1897) 487 From O Bom-Crioulo (1895) 487 Translated by Arthur Hughes Colombia Porfirio Barba-Jacob (1883-1942) 501 From Song of an Impossible Blue Translated by Jeff Bingham and Juan Antonio Serna Servin "Song of the Fleeting Day" 502 Mexico Xavier Villaurrutia (1903-1950) 504 Two Poems Translated by Fanny Arango-Ramos and William Keeth "They and I" 504 "Nocturnal Sea" 505 Argentina Eduardo Gudino Keifer (1935 —) 506 From A Sinner's Guidebook (1972) 506 [Guia de pecadores] Translated by Ronald Christ and Gregory Kolovakos Cuba Julian del Casal (1863-1893) 511 El amante de las torturas (1893) 511 [The torture lover] Translated by David William Foster Emilio Ballagas (1908-1954) 514 Two Poems Translated by Fanny Arango-Ramos and William Keeth "Nocturne and Elegy" 514 "Of Another Fashion" 516 Jose Lezama Lima (1910-1976) 517 From Paradiso (1966) 517 Translated by Gregory Rabassa

Part Seven: Masculine Landscapes 523 American Literature 1840 to 1933

26. "SERENE FRIENDSHIP LAND" 525 Contents xxi

American Homoerotic Texts (1840-1908) 525 (1817-1862) 526 "Sympathy" (1839) 526 (1803-1882) 528 "Friendship" (1841) 528 From "Friendship" (1841) 528 (1819-1892) 531 "Fierce Wrestler" 532 From Notebook ("albot Wilson") 533 Leaves of Grass (1855) From [Song of Myself] (1855) 535 Notebooks: "Adhesiveness" 550 From Notebook (c. 1855-56) Leaves of Grass (1856) "Organic Equality": From a letter from Whitman to Emerson (August 1856) 550 From "Poem of the Road" (1856) 551 Notebooks: "Live-Oak with Moss" (1859) 552 Leaves of Grass (i860) 558 From "Proto-Leaf" 558 From Calamus 559 Leaves of Grass (1866) 564 From Drum-Taps 564 Leaves of Grass (1867) 566 Calamus 5: [Come, I will make the continent indissol- uble] 566 From "Democratic Vistas" (1870) 567 From Preface to Leaves of Grass (1876) 567 Bayard Taylor (1825-1878) 568 From "Hylas" (1850) 568 From Poems of the Orient (1855) "A Paean to the Dawn" 570 "To a Persian Boy in the Bazaar at Smyrna" 571 From The Poet's Journal (1862) "On the Headland" 572 "Love Returned" 573 Correspondence Between Taylor and Walt Whitman 574 From Joseph and His Friend (1870) 575 Charles Warren Stoddard (1843-1909) 584 Correspondence Between Stoddard and Walt Whitman 585 From South Sea Idyls (1873) 586 "Professor X" [James Mills Peirce] 592 From "A Letter to Havelock Ellis" (1897) 593 Xavier Mayne [Edward Prime-Stevenson] (1868-1942) 594 From Imre (1906) 595 From The Intersexes (1908) 602 xxii Contents

27. CAMP SITES: ARMIES OF ANDROGYNES 611 American Literature (1918-1933) 611 Earl Lind ("Ralph Werfher'VJennie June") (b. 1874) 613 From Autobiography of an Androgyne (1918) 614 From The Female Impersonators (1922) 622 Robert McAlmon (1896-1956) 629 "Miss Knight" (1925) 630 Bruce Nugent (b. 1906) 639 "Smoke, Lilies and Jade" (1926) 639 Robert Scully 649 From A Scarlet Pansy (1933) 649 Charles Henri Ford (b. 1913) and Parker Tyler (1907-1974) 653 From The Young and the Evil (1933) 653

Part Eight: Deconstructing "Manhood" 667 American Literature 1916 to 1969

28. OUT OF THE SHADOW WORLD 669 Inventing and Enforcing Modern Homophobia (1933-1969) 669 Lighting the Shadow World 676 From Men and Boys: An Anthology of Poetry (1924) 676 "Clement Andrews" 677 "Morn's Recompense" 677 Sydney Wilmer 677 "The Mess Boy" 677 Giles de Gillies 677 "De Puerorum osculis" 677 Donald Malloch (1877-1938) 678 "Manly Love" 678 Hart Crane (1899-1932) 678 "C33"(i9i6) 679 "Modern Craft" (1917) 679 "Episode of Hands" (1920) 680 Voyages (1921-1926) 680 Robert Duncan (1919-1988) 684 From Early Poems (1939-1946) "I Am a Most Fleshly Man" 686 From The Opening of the Field (i960) "This.Place Rumord To have Been Sodom" 687 From Bending the Bow (1968) The Torso (Passages 18) 688 Gore Vidal (b. 1925) 690 "Pages from an Abandoned Journal" (1956) 691 "Donald Webster Cory" [Edward Sagarin (1913-1986)] 699 From The Homosexual in America (1951) 700 Contents xxiii

Frank O'Hara (1926-1966) 704 "Lebanon" (1953) 704 "Homosexuality" (1954) 705 (1926-1997) 706 "A Supermarket in California" (1955) 707 "Chances 'R' " (1966) 708 "Please Master" (1968) 708 John Wieners (b. 1934) 710 "A Poem for Cocksuckers" (1958) 710 William Burroughs (1914-1997) 710 From Naked Lunch (1959) 710 John Rechy (b. 1934) 715 From City of Night (1963) 715 John Giorno (b. 1936) 721 "Pornographic Poem" (1967) 721 James Purdy (b. 1923) 723 "Faint Honey" 723 "Do You Wonder Why I Am Sleepy" 724 "From rivers, and from the earth itself 724

Part Nine: Out There 727 American Literature from 1969

29. BECOMING GAY 729 Out There: Gay American Literature 729 Questions 732 Ralph Pomeroy (b. 1926) 732 "Gay Love and the Movies" (1969) 732 Answers 733 William Barber (b. 1947) 733 "The Gay Poet" (1971) 733 "Explanation" 734 Perry Brass (b. 1947) 735 "Only Silly Faggots Know" (1973) 735 "I Have This Vision of Madness" (1972) 735 Harold Norse (b. 1916) 737 "I'm Not a Man" (1972) 737 Edward Field (b. 1924) 738 "Street Instructions at the Crotch" (1975) 738 Kenneth Pitchford (b. 1931) 739 "Surgery" (1973) 739 Joseph Cady (b. 1938) 740 "After Hearing Heterosexual Poets in October 1974: What It Seems Like To Write a Male Homosexual Love Poem Now" (1974) 740 xxiv Contents

Joe Brainard (b. 1942) 741 "I Remember" (1975) 741 Celebrations 743 Adrian Brooks (b. 1947) 743 [Here is the queen . . . ] (1975?) 743 Michael Rumaker (b. 1932) 744 "The Fairies Are Dancing All Over the World" (1975) 744 Alfred Corn (b. 1943) 746 "Billie's Blues" (1977) 746 "To Hermes" 747 John Iozia 748 "Fag Art" (1976) 748 "Last Night at the Flamingo" (1978) 748 Andrew Holleran (b. 1943?) 750 From Dancer from the Dance (1978) 750 Melvin Dixon (1950-1992) 773 "Getting Your Rocks Off' (1978) 773 Walter Holland (b. 1953) 774 "Christopher Street 1979" 774 Politics 775 Walta Borawski (1947-1994) 775 "Power of One" (1980?) 775 "Some of Us Wear Pink Triangles" (1980) 775 Edmund White (b. 1940) 777 "The Political Vocabulary of Homosexuality" (1980) 777 Carl Morse (b. 1934) 785 "Dream of the Artfairy" (1982) 785 Jim Everhard (b. 1946) 787 "Curing Homosexuality" (1982) 787 James Baldwin (1924-1987) 793 "Guilt, Desire and Love" (1983?) 793 Grieving 795 Thorn Gunn (b. 1929) 795 "Lament" (1984) 795 "Terminal" (1986) 797 "The Missing" (1987) 798 "In The Post Office" (1991) 798 Walter Holland (b. 1953) 801 "A Journal of the Plague Years" 801 Michael Lassell (b. 1947) 801 "How to Watch Your Brother Die" (1985) 801 Daryl Hine (b. 1936) 804 "Apart from You" 804 Surviving 804 Essex Hemphill (b. 1957) 804 "Better Days" (1985) 804 "Cordon Negro" (1985) 805 Walta Borawski (1947—1994) 806 "Talking to Jim" (1988) 806 Craig Reynolds (b. 1952) 807 "The worst of it" 807 Salih Michael Fisher (b. 1956) 808 "Hometown" (1988) 808 D. Rubin Green 809 "Names and sorrows" (1989) 809 Donald Woods (1957-1992) 811 "Prescription" (1989) 811 "Waiting" 813 Assotto Saint (1957-1994) 816 "Heart & Soul" (1990) 816 Perry Brass (b. 1947) 817 "There Isn't Any Death" (1990) 817 Copyright Acknowledgments 819