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Die Republik China in Der Olympischen Bewegung

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Die Republik China in Der Olympischen Bewegung Aus dem Institut für Sportgeschichte der Deutschen Sporthochschule Köln Geschäftsführender Leiter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Stephan Wassong Die Republik China in der Olympischen Bewegung von der Deutschen Sporthochschule Köln zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Ph.D. (Sport History) genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Yi-Ling Huang aus Nantou/Taiwan Köln 2012 Erster Referent: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Manfred Lämmer Zweiter Referent: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Karl Lennartz Vorsitzender des Promotionsausschusses: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Bloch Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 5. Dezember 2012 Hierdurch versichere ich: Ich habe diese Arbeit selbständig und nur unter Benutzung der angegebenen Quellen und technischen Hilfen angefertigt; sie hat noch keiner anderen Stelle zur Prüfung vorgelegen. Wörtlich übernommene Textstellen, auch Einzelsätze oder Teile davon, sind als Zitate kenntlich gemacht worden. Hierdurch erkläre ich, dass ich die „Leitlinien guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis“ der Deutschen Sporthochschule Köln eingehalten habe. Köln, 18. Dezember 2012 ________________ (Yi-Ling Huang) Danksagung Für meine Doktorarbeit schulde ich sehr vielen Menschen einen herzlichen Dank. Besonders möchte ich mich bei meinem Doktorvater, Herrn Prof. Dr. Manfred LÄMMER bedanken, denn Sie brachten mir sehr viel Geduld entgegen, opferten viele Ihre freien Abend und sorgten mit wertvollen Empfehlungen für den Erfolg dieser Arbeit. Des Weiteren möchte ich mich bei Herrn Prof. Dr. CHENG Jui-fu und Herrn Prof. Dr. HSU Yi-hsiung bedanken, denn ohne ihre Anregungen wäre ich nie auf die Idee gekommen in Deutschland zu studieren. Das Leben in Deutschland ist für Ausländer nicht einfach, daher möchte ich mich bei Claudia MENTEN, Rebecca SCHAFFELD, Herbert HEMSING und PENG Li bedanken. Ohne ihre Hilfe könnte mein Leben in Deutschland nicht so reibungslos verlaufen. Frau Evelyn MERTIN und Herr Robin STREPPELHOFF danke ich für ihre Hilfe und ihre Ermutigung. Mein Dank gilt Herr Ronald FUCHS, Frau Kristina BIER und Frau Mira Franziska VÖGELI für die geduldige Korrektur des Roh-Manuskriptes. Mein besonderer Dank richtet sich auch an den General-Sekretär des Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee CHEN Kuo-i, die Mitarbeiter des Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee und Prof. Dr. TANG Ming-hsin, die mir zahlreichen historischen Dokumente anboten und mir den Lauf der Olympischen Geschichte von Taiwan erklärten. Das Bildungsministerium der Republik China hat mich mit einem zweijährigen Stipendium unterstützt und das IOC Olympic Studies Centre förderte mich durch geschichtlich sehr wertvolle Archive. Ich danke Ihnen. Danken möchte ich auch meinem Freund, WANG Chen-huei, der mir stets Mut zugesprochen und mich in meiner Arbeit bestärkt hat. Meine Familie hat mir während des gesamten Studiums und in meiner Promotion immer mit Rat und Tat zur Seite gestanden. Ihnen gilt mein besonderer Dank dafür, dass ich bei Ihnen immer einen Rückhalt gefunden habe. Ich widme Ihnen diese Arbeit. Yi-Ling Huang Köln, im Dezember 2012 Inhaltverzeichnis iviv Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis...................................................................................vi Tabellenverzeichnis..........................................................................................ix Abbildungsverzeichnis......................................................................................x 1. Einleitung ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Die Beziehung zwischen Taiwan und Chna ............................................. 2 1.1.1 Taiwan von der Frühzeit bis 1895 .................................................. 2 1.1.2 Von der japanischen Kolonie bis zur Provinz der Republik China .............................................................................. 6 1.1.3 Taiwan unter der Herrschaft der Republik China ........................ 10 1.2 Forschungsstand ..................................................................................... 17 1.3 Aufbau .................................................................................................... 21 2 Die Olympische Bewegung auf dem Festland China bis 1949 ................. 25 2.1 Einführung des westlichen Sports im Kaisereich China ........................ 25 2.1.1 Turnkurse an den Konfessionsschulen und im neuen Erziehungssystem „Moderne Schule“ ........................................ 25 2.1.2 Der Christliche Verein Junger Männer und der Sport .................. 29 2.2 Die Republik China auf Festland in der Olympischen Bewegung ........ 41 2.2.1 Die Anerkennung des NOK der Republik China im IOC ............ 41 2.2.2 Die Teilnahme der Republik China auf Festland an den Olympischen Spielen 1932, 1936 und 1948 ............................... 43 3. Die Republik China in der Olympischen Bewegung während der IOC-Präsidentschaft von Sigfrid Edström und Avery Brundage (1949-1972) .................................................................................................. 56 3.1 Internationaler Status der Republik China während des Kalten Krieges ....................................................................................... 56 3.2 Doppelte China im IOC ......................................................................... 60 3.2.1 Ansatz zum Anerkennungsstreit ................................................... 60 3.2.2 Die Auseinandersetzung während der 16. Olympiade ................. 70 3.2.3 Der Verzicht der VR China auf die Teilnahme an den Olympischen Spielen in Melborune .......................................... 77 3.2.4 Der Austritt der VR China aus dem IOC 1958 ............................ 81 3.3 Die Republik China und die Namensfrage im IOC ............................... 88 3.3.1 Die Debatte um die offizielle Bezeichnung des NOK der Republik China...........................................................................................88 3.3.2 Die Anerkennung des NOK der Republik China als Olympic Committee of the Republic of China .......................................... 97 3.3.3 Die Abkürzung „ROC“ bei den Spielen in Tokio ..................... 104 3.3.4 Die Namensgebung „Republic of China“ auf der 67. IOC-Session in Mexiko City 1968 .................................................................112 4. Die Republik China in der Olympischen Bewegung während Lord Killanins Amtszeit (1972-1980) ................................................................. 118 4.1 Die wechselhafte internationale Lage ...................................................118 4.1.1 Austritt der Republik China aus den Vereinten Nationen ...........118 Inhaltverzeichnis v v 4.1.2 Ping-Pong Diplomatie und das Ende der Isolation der VR China .................................................................................. 124 4.2 Die Beteiligung des ROCOC an den Olympischen Spielen in Sapporo und in München .................................................................................. 131 4.3 Dilemma des ROCOC unter der Isolation des internationalen Sportverkehrs ....................................................................................... 135 4.3.1 Eine Welle der Anerkennung für die VR China durch das Japanese Olympic Committee im internationalen Sport .......... 135 4.3.2 Die Einstellung der internationalen Sportverbände ................... 145 4.3.3 Absage des Anerkennungsantrags des NOK der VR China auf der 76. Session in Lausanne ............................................................ 152 4.4 Der kampf der Republik China um die Erhaltung ihrer Recht in der Olympischen Bewegung ...................................................................... 158 4.4.1 Die politische Intervention Kanadas während der 21. Olympiade ........................................................................... 158 4.4.2 Initiative des IOC-Präsidenten Lord Killanin zugunsten der VR China ......................................................................................... 170 4.4.3 Die neue Kompromisslösung auf der 81. Session und die Nagoya-Resolution ............................................................. 177 4.4.4 Henry Hsus Anklage gegen das IOC ......................................... 190 5. Die Republik China in der Olympischen Bewegung während Samaranchs und Rogges Amtszeit (1980-2008) ..................................... 199 5.1 Internationale Situation ........................................................................ 199 5.1.1 Demokratisierung und China-Politik Taiwans ........................... 199 5.1.2 Pekings Taiwan-Politik und ihre Gegenmaßnahme zur China-Politik Taipeis ............................................................... 204 5.2 Die Unterschreibung des Abkommens um die Vermeidung der Isolation in der Sportwelt .................................................................... 207 5.2.1 Wiedereintritt der Republik China unter dem Namen „Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee“ in das IOC ................................... 207 5.2.2 Vereinbarung von Hongkong zwischen dem Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee und dem Chinese Olympic Committee ... 213 5.3 Taiwans Teilnahme an den Olympischen Sommerspielen 2008 .......... 218 5.3.1 Taiwans Ablehnung der Fackellaufroute.................................... 218 5.3.2 Die Pekinger Strichordnung .................................................... 225 6. Zusammenfassung .................................................................................... 232 7. Literaturverzeichnis ................................................................................. 252 8. Anhang ......................................................................................................
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