DOCSLIB.ORG

Livelihood in Idukki and Pathanamthitta Districts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Livelihood in Idukki and Pathanamthitta Districts KERALA STATE BIODIVERSITY BOARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF FLOOD/LANDSLIDES ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM OF PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT AND TRIBAL LIVELIHOOD IN IDUKKI AND PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICTS CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 695 014 KERALA JULY 2019 KERALA STATE BIODIVERSITY BOARD IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF FLOOD/LANDSLIDES ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM OF PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT AND TRIBAL LIVELIHOOD IN IDUKKI AND PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICTS CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 695 014 KERALA JULY 2019 CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER TITLE No. 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 3 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 4 3.1 BIODIVERSITY OF PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT 4 TRIBAL SETTLEMENTS IN IDUKKI AND 3.2 9 PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT 3.3 SURVEY METHODOLOGY 10 4 RESULTS OF STUDY 13 IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF FLOOD/LANDSLIDES ON 4.1 13 BIODIVERSITY IN PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT IMPACT ON FLOOD/LANDSLIDES ON TRIBAL 4.2 LIVELIHOOD IN IDUKKI AND PATHANAMTHITTA 38 DISTRICT IMPACT ON SOIL AND WATER OF 4.3 68 PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT 5 CONCLUSION 103 6 SUGGESTED INTERVENTIONS 106 7 LIMITATIONS OF STUDY 110 8 REFERENCES 112 9 CONTRIBUTORS /TEAM MEMBERS 113 ANNEXURE 1 114 ANNEXURE 2 119 LIST OF ANNEXURES 441 LIST OF TABLES 442 LIST OF PICTURES 446 LIST OF FIGURES / MAPS 448 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The unprecedented floods during the monsoon season in 2018 have brought havoc in Kerala causing destruction to human life, property and economy in general. This has affected the way of living of the people especially in their vocation and avocation. The flora and fauna bore brunt of havoc in an irreparable fashion. It was the worst flood that Kerala had witnessed during the last 100 years. According to the Kerala government, one-sixth of the total population of Kerala had been directly affected by the floods and related incidents. In this context, the Kerala State Bio Diversity Board has entrusted the Centre for Management and Development for carrying out the Impact Assessment of Flood/Landslides on Biodiversity and Ecosystem on Pathanamthitta District and tribal livelihood in Idukki and Pathanamthitta district. The disturbances caused by floods and landslides have brought in major temporal and spatial heterogeneity in the structure and dynamics of natural communities and ecosystems. Being a slope-modifying process, landslides and floods induced changes in the spatial heterogeneity through erosional and deposition processes, with areas of exposed parent material with humidity deficit (e.g. upper scarps of landslides), and lower/downstream water-logged areas with colluvial deposition. These slope-processes further resulted in the movement of many nutrient elements, like calcium and phosphorus, along the altitude gradient to downstream areas. These catastrophic events, particularly landslides, flooding and erosion have an important role in distribution of nutrients. Landslides reset ‘pedogenic clock’ of the affected areas, causing retrogressive ecological succession processes. Consequently, the effects of landslides end up in terrain modification. They create habitat discontinuities in natural systems, like forests and grasslands, causing an increase in spatial and functional diversity. However, the increase of structural heterogeneity, driven by landslides and floods, is not always perceived as beneficial in maintaining biodiversity. Centre for Management Development, Thiruvananthapuram 1 Some studies emphasized that these events cause the installation of invasive alien (as also nomadic) plant species which affects the food web and functional dynamics of the system. It is therefore imperative to study the impact of landslides and floods on biodiversity of the affected area. Geographical location of an affected area is important and location-specific studies need to be undertaken with a multidisciplinary approach. Western Ghats is one of the vulnerable areas of the State where landslides are common particularly in Idukki District. Severe floods ravaged Kerala during July and August 2018 consequent on incessant heavy rainfall. About 164 per cent excess rain has been reported during the month of August, triggering the floods. Changes in fauna and flora along with their impact on agriculture and livelihood modified the bio-resources and the way of living of the local community. Centre for Management Development, Thiruvananthapuram 2 CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The proposed study shall assess the impact of Flood/ Landslides on Biodiversity in selected areas of Pathanamthitta District, and on Tribal Livelihood in Idukki and Pathanamthitta Districts. I. The specific objectives for impact of flood/ landslide on Bio-Diversity in Pathanamthitta district are:- • Assessment of Impact on Floral Biodiversity • Assessment of Impact on Faunal Biodiversity • Assessment of Impact on Agro Biodiversity • Assessment of Impact on Ecosystem • Assessment of Environmental Impact • Assessment of Socio-Economic Impact. II. The specific objectives for tribal livelihood in Idukki and Pathanamthitta district are: 1 To identify post flood/landslide and socio-economic conditions of the tribes and the Government interventions to enhance their livelihood opportunities. 2 To identify and prioritize the livelihood issues of tribal population due to the recent flood/ landslide. 3 To study the disparities, if any, among tribal communities in terms of livelihood opportunities after the flood/landslides in 2018. Centre for Management Development, Thiruvananthapuram 3 CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1 Study Site 1: PATHANAMTHITTA 3.1.1 Coverage of the Study The study covered Flood/ Landslide affected areas in Pathanamthitta District. The study was conducted in representative panchayats/ areas to assess the impact of flood on the biodiversity and ecosystem in the region. The map of the Pathanamthitta district is given in Figure 1. Pathanamthitta Figure 1: Map of Kerala with Pathanamthitta district inset Centre for Management Development, Thiruvananthapuram 4 The Grama Panchayats for the study were selected on the basis of the flood impact map of Pathanamthitta district by the Kerala State Biodiversity board (KSBB). Figure 2: Flood impact map of Pathanamthitta Figure 3 depicts the Grama Panchayats selected for the detailed study. Centre for Management Development, Thiruvananthapuram 5 Kerala State 1. Aranmula 8. Kozhencherry 15. Peringara 2. Ayiroor 9. Kulanada 16. Ranni 3. Cherukole 10. Kuttoor 17. Ranni-Angadi 4. Chittar 11. Mallapuzhasserry 18. Ranni-Pazhavangadi 5. Eraviperoor 12. Nedumpram 19. Ranni-Perunad 6. Kadapra 13. Niranam 20. Seethathodu 7. Koipuram 14. Pandalam 21. Thiruvalla 22. Thottapuzhasery Figure 3: Grama Panchayats selected for the study in Pathanamthitta Centre for Management Development, Thiruvananthapuram 6 3.1.2 About the Study Area Formed on the 1st November 1982, Pathanamthitta nestles its head on the slopes of the Western Ghats and stretches to the low-lying rice fields bordering Alappuzha District. The district consists of three natural divisions viz., the Lowland, the Midland and the Highland. The highland stretches through the Western Ghats and descends midland in the centre, to the lowland on the western borders of Alappuzha district. The topography of the district is highly undulating. 3.1.3 Agro-biodiversity of Pathanamthitta district - Pre-floods/ Landslides-2018 Agro-diversity refers to the many and dynamic ways in which farmers use the natural diversity of the environment for livelihoods, including not only choice of crops but also management of land, water and bio resources as a whole. Agro- diversity integrates biological, technological and institutional components that offer flexibility and resilience to local farmers in adapting to climate and ecosystem change. ‘Agro diversity’, refers to interactions between agricultural management practices, farmers’ resource endowments, bio-physical resources, and species. Majority share of the economy of Pathanamthitta district is dependent on agriculture. 75 per cent of the population are engaged in agriculture related livelihood. The hilly terrain makes the area favorable for rubber plantation. Paddy, coconut, banana, tapioca, pulses, pepper, ginger, cashew, pineapple, sugarcane, cocoa and tree spices form the major crops cultivated in the district. The district has a unique position in the inland fisheries map of Kerala State with its freshwater resources like rivers, reservoirs, streams, ponds, quarries and paddy fields. The fisheries activities in this region started with the establishment of a Fresh Water Survey Station. The district has an ornamental fish breeding resource centre and a National Fish Seed Farm. There are many fishermen depending on this sector for their livelihood. Centre for Management Development, Thiruvananthapuram 7 3.1.4 Post-flood/ landslide scenario in Pathanamthitta district Preliminary report indicated large scale destruction in Pathananthitta district. There were extensive landslides in these regions. Degradation of ecosystems as a result of heavy rain and landslides can severely alter the ecosystem dynamics. During heavy floods, there is severe soil disturbance. Heavy floods resulted in loss of soil nutrients. The highlands and midlands might have been bereft of topsoil and/or subsoil. Thousands of trees had been uprooted. This would definitely result in dead wood accumulation. Usually landslides result in fragmented vegetation, and total/partial removal of native woodlands. This kind of severe destruction must have indisputably resulted in loss of habitats for animal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cissus Quadrangularis
    Available online on www.ijppr.com International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2013; 5(2); 128-133 ISSN: 0975-4873 Review Article Review- Pharmacological Activities Based on Different Extracts of Cissus quadrangularis Subhashri S, Vedha Hari BN, *Ramya Devi D Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur- 613401. Tamilnadu, India. ABSTRACT Since ancient age nature has been a source of medicinal agents and many of the traditional drugs have been isolated from natural source. Research focus on the natural source has been increased recently due to its minimum side effects. Articles reveal that almost more than 15000 plants have been used by different ethnic communities in India. Many active compounds have been isolated from the plants through various extraction method using different solvents and these are pharmacologically active. The isolated chemical constituents from Cissus quadrangularis extract, which plays major role including gallic acid derivatives, steroids, iridoids, flavonoids, stilbenes and triterpenes. This review is concentrated on the different extracts of Cissus quadrangularis and its activity against numerous pathophysiological effects. Versatile activity of this plant has revealed it as a valuable medicinal plant. Key words: INTRODUCTION nanoparticles using the aqueous CQ leaf and stem extract Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) which is succulent perennial was depicted against bacterial effect. [5] Nanoparticles climber (Fig 1), scattered all over
    [Show full text]
  • Particulars of Some Temples of Kerala Contents Particulars of Some
    Particulars of some temples of Kerala Contents Particulars of some temples of Kerala .............................................. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 9 Temples of Kerala ................................................................................. 10 Temples of Kerala- an over view .................................................... 16 1. Achan Koil Dharma Sastha ...................................................... 23 2. Alathiyur Perumthiri(Hanuman) koil ................................. 24 3. Randu Moorthi temple of Alathur......................................... 27 4. Ambalappuzha Krishnan temple ........................................... 28 5. Amedha Saptha Mathruka Temple ....................................... 31 6. Ananteswar temple of Manjeswar ........................................ 35 7. Anchumana temple , Padivattam, Edapalli....................... 36 8. Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple ......................................... 38 9. Arathil Bhagawathi temple ..................................................... 41 10. Arpuda Narayana temple, Thirukodithaanam ................. 45 11. Aryankavu Dharma Sastha ...................................................... 47 12. Athingal Bhairavi temple ......................................................... 48 13. Attukkal BHagawathy Kshethram, Trivandrum ............. 50 14. Ayilur Akhileswaran (Shiva) and Sri Krishna temples ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Accused Persons Arrested in Kollam Rural District from 17.11.2019To23.11.2019
    Accused Persons arrested in Kollam Rural district from 17.11.2019to23.11.2019 Name of Name of the Name of the Place at Date & Arresting Court at Sl. Name of the Age & Cr. No & Sec Police father of Address of Accused which Time of Officer, which No. Accused Sex of Law Station Accused Arrested Arrest Rank & accused Designation produced 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 19.11.201 Cr. 1489/19 Muhammad Muhammad Manzil Abdul Vahid, JFMC I 1 Shajahan 20 Yeroor 9 08.15 U/S 457, 380 yeroor Sahad Veedu, Pathady SI Yeroor Punalur Hrs & 34 IPC 19.11.201 Vadakkumkara puthen Cr. 1489/19 Abdul Vahid, 2 9 08.15 SI Yeroor veedu, Kanjuvayal, Hrs U/S 457, 380 & JFMC I Hussain Sunu 19 Pathady Yeroor 34 IPC yeroor Punalur 19.11.201 Cr. 1489/19 Abdul Vahid, 3 Rafeeka Manzil, 9 08.15 U/S 457, 380 & JFMC I SI Yeroor Al Ameen Anzar, 19 athady, Yeroor Yeroor Hrs 34 IPC yeroor Punalur Shiyas Manzil, Cr. 1489/19 Subin 4 Randekkarmukk, 17.11.2019 U/S 457, 380 & Thankachan, SI, JFMC I Shiyas Shereef 19 Yeroor Yeroor 12.00 Hrs 34 IPC yeroor Yeroor Punalur Cr. 1489/19 Subin 5 Thembamvila veedu, 17.11.2019, U/S 457, 380 & Thankachan, SI, JFMC I Noufal Noushad 20 Pathady, Yeroor Yeroor 12.00 Hrs 34 IPC yeroor Yeroor Punalur 19.11.201 Cr. 1489/19 Abdul Vahid, 6 Plavila puthen veedu, 9 08.15 U/S 457, 380 & JFMC I SI Yeroor AlMubarak Sainudeen 23 Kanjuvayal, Pathady Yeroor Hrs 34 IPC yeroor Punalur 19.11.201 Cr.
    [Show full text]
  • KERALA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT (KSWMP) with Financial Assistance from the World Bank
    KERALA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT (KSWMP) INTRODUCTION AND STRATEGIC ENVIROMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WASTE Public Disclosure Authorized MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN KERALA VOLUME I JUNE 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by SUCHITWA MISSION Public Disclosure Authorized GOVERNMENT OF KERALA Contents 1 This is the STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN KERALA AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK for the KERALA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT (KSWMP) with financial assistance from the World Bank. This is hereby disclosed for comments/suggestions of the public/stakeholders. Send your comments/suggestions to SUCHITWA MISSION, Swaraj Bhavan, Base Floor (-1), Nanthancodu, Kowdiar, Thiruvananthapuram-695003, Kerala, India or email: [email protected] Contents 2 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT .................................................. 1 1.1 Program Description ................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Proposed Project Components ..................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Environmental Characteristics of the Project Location............................... 2 1.2 Need for an Environmental Management Framework ........................... 3 1.3 Overview of the Environmental Assessment and Framework ............. 3 1.3.1 Purpose of the SEA and ESMF ...................................................................... 3 1.3.2 The ESMF process ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pathanamthitta
    Census of India 2011 KERALA PART XII-A SERIES-33 DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK PATHANAMTHITTA VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS KERALA 2 CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 KERALA SERIES-33 PART XII-A DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK Village and Town Directory PATHANAMTHITTA Directorate of Census Operations, Kerala 3 MOTIF Sabarimala Sree Dharma Sastha Temple A well known pilgrim centre of Kerala, Sabarimala lies in this district at a distance of 191 km. from Thiruvananthapuram and 210 km. away from Cochin. The holy shrine dedicated to Lord Ayyappa is situated 914 metres above sea level amidst dense forests in the rugged terrains of the Western Ghats. Lord Ayyappa is looked upon as the guardian of mountains and there are several shrines dedicated to him all along the Western Ghats. The festivals here are the Mandala Pooja, Makara Vilakku (December/January) and Vishu Kani (April). The temple is also open for pooja on the first 5 days of every Malayalam month. The vehicles go only up to Pampa and the temple, which is situated 5 km away from Pampa, can be reached only by trekking. During the festival period there are frequent buses to this place from Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram and Kottayam. 4 CONTENTS Pages 1. Foreword 7 2. Preface 9 3. Acknowledgements 11 4. History and scope of the District Census Handbook 13 5. Brief history of the district 15 6. Analytical Note 17 Village and Town Directory 105 Brief Note on Village and Town Directory 7. Section I - Village Directory (a) List of Villages merged in towns and outgrowths at 2011 Census (b)
    [Show full text]
  • Kerala Floods - 2018
    Prot No. 2558/2018/S/ABP : 30-8-2018 KERALA FLOODS - 2018 A REPORT BY ARCHBISHOP ANDREWS THAZHATH Trichur August 30, 2018 1 HEAVY FLOODS AND NATURAL CATASTROPHE IN KERALA JULY-AUGUST 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. BRIEF HISTORY .............................................................................................................. 3 1. Heavy Rainfall in Kerala: .................................................................................................... 3 2. Floods and Landslides : ....................................................................................................... 4 3. Most Affected Districts/ Regions : ...................................................................................... 6 4. Death toll:............................................................................................................................. 6 5. Catastrophe due to flash flooding : ...................................................................................... 6 II. RELIEF ACTION BY KERALA GOVERNMENT ...................................................... 7 7. Latest Government Data : .................................................................................................... 8 8. Data of Damages prepared by KSSF . ................................................................................ 8 III. KERALA CATHOLIC CHURCH IN RELIEF ACTION............................................. 9 9. Involvement of the Catholic Church : .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Minor Mineral Quarry Details: Ranni Taluk, Pathanamthitta District
    Minor Mineral Quarry details: Ranni Taluk, Pathanamthitta District Sl.No Code Mineral Rocktype Village Locality Owner Operator 1 94 Granite(Building Stone) Charnockite Athikayam Chembanmudi Tomy Abraham, Manimalethu, Vechoochira , Ranni, Tomy Abraham, Manimalethu, Vechoochira , Ranni, Kuriakose Sabu, Vadakkeveli kizhakkethilaya kavumkal, Kuriakose Sabu, Vadakkeveli kizhakkethilaya kavumkal, 2 444 Granite(Building Stone) Charnockite Athikayam Chembanoly Angadi P.O., Ranni Angadi P.O., Ranni Kuriakose Sabu, Vadakkevila kizhakkethilaya, Kuriakose Sabu, Vadakkevila kizhakkethilaya, kavumkal, 3 445 Granite(Building Stone) Charnockite Athikayam Chembanoly kavumkal, Angadi P.O., Ranni. Angadi P.O., Ranni. Aju Thomas, Kannankuzhayathu Puthenbunglow, Aju Thomas, Kannankuzhayathu Puthenbunglow, 4 506 Granite(Building Stone) Charnockite Athikayam Unnathani Thottamon, Konni Thottamon, Konni 5 307 Granite(Building Stone) Charnockite Cherukole Santhamaniyamma, Pochaparambil, Cherukole P.O. Chellappan, Parakkanivila, Nattalam P.O., Kanyakumari 6 315 Granite(Building Stone) Charnockite Cherukole Kuttoor Sainudeen, Chakkala purayidam, Naranganam P.O. Sainudeen, Chakkala purayidam, Naranganam P.O. 7 316 Granite(Building Stone) Charnockite Cherukole Kuttoor Chacko, Kavumkal, Kuttoor P.O. Chacko, Kavumkal, uttoor P.O. 8 324 Granite(Building Stone) Charnockite Cherukole Nayikkan para Revenue, PIP Pamba Irrigation Project Pampini/Panniyar 9 374 Granite(Building Stone) Migmatite Chittar-Seethathode Varghese P.V., Parampeth, Chittar p.O. Prasannan, Angamoozhy,
    [Show full text]
  • Scheduled Caste Sub Plan (Scsp) 2014-15
    Government of Kerala SCHEDULED CASTE SUB PLAN (SCSP) 2014-15 M iiF P A DC D14980 Directorate of Scheduled Caste Development Department Thiruvananthapuram April 2014 Planng^ , noD- documentation CONTENTS Page No; 1 Preface 3 2 Introduction 4 3 Budget Estimates 2014-15 5 4 Schemes of Scheduled Caste Development Department 10 5 Schemes implementing through Public Works Department 17 6 Schemes implementing through Local Bodies 18 . 7 Schemes implementing through Rural Development 19 Department 8 Special Central Assistance to Scheduled C ^te Sub Plan 20 9 100% Centrally Sponsored Schemes 21 10 50% Centrally Sponsored Schemes 24 11 Budget Speech 2014-15 26 12 Governor’s Address 2014-15 27 13 SCP Allocation to Local Bodies - District-wise 28 14 Thiruvananthapuram 29 15 Kollam 31 16 Pathanamthitta 33 17 Alappuzha 35 18 Kottayam 37 19 Idukki 39 20 Emakulam 41 21 Thrissur 44 22 Palakkad 47 23 Malappuram 50 24 Kozhikode 53 25 Wayanad 55 24 Kaimur 56 25 Kasaragod 58 26 Scheduled Caste Development Directorate 60 27 District SC development Offices 61 PREFACE The Planning Commission had approved the State Plan of Kerala for an outlay of Rs. 20,000.00 Crore for the year 2014-15. From the total State Plan, an outlay of Rs 1962.00 Crore has been earmarked for Scheduled Caste Sub Plan (SCSP), which is in proportion to the percentage of Scheduled Castes to the total population of the State. As we all know, the Scheduled Caste Sub Plan (SCSP) is aimed at (a) Economic development through beneficiary oriented programs for raising their income and creating assets; (b) Schemes for infrastructure development through provision of drinking water supply, link roads, house-sites, housing etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Jaipur 13 May 2016 Integrated River Basin Management: Case Study on Holy River Pamba
    Jaipur 13 May 2016 Integrated River Basin Management: Case study on Holy River Pamba Dr George Chackacherry Director Institute for Climate Change Studies Government of Kerala (Project Director, Pampa River Basin Authority) 1. Integrated River Basin Management – General Perspectives 2. Need for River Basin Approach – International & National Level 3. Pampa River Basin – EU Study 4. Prerequisites for better River Basin Management River Basin Natural entity in which freshwater appears It is the ultimate source of nearly all water used & receptor of most wastewater. • River basins play important role in sustaining communities/civilizations & other forms of life Integrated Water Resource Management & Integrated River Basin Management • somewhat elusive terms that can end up meaning almost the same • IRBM - spatial & ecosystem focus (emphasises river basins as natural hydrological units within which sustainable water resource management can be achieved) • IRBM as a sub-set of IWRM, which tends to stress the need for integration at all levels • but, concepts, procedures adopted, etc. almost the same Basis of IWRM – different uses of water are interdependent need to consider different uses of water together for efficient management of WR Agriculture Water supply & wastewater Negative impacts of water use may Mining be made worse by: Industry Environment -poor management practices Fisheries -lack of regulation, or Tourism -lack of motivation in the water Energy Transport governance regimes etc a process, which promotes coordinated development &
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation of Fishing Communities and Fisheries Livelihoods in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh
    POST-TSUNAMI REHABILITATION OF FISHING COMMUNITIES AND FISHERIES LIVELIHOODS IN TAMIL NADU, KERALA AND ANDHRA PRADESH BY VENKATESH SALAGRAMA REVISED 12 JANUARY 2006 ICM INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT 64-16-3A, PRATAP NAGAR, KAKINADA 533 004 ANDHRA PRADESH INDIA TELE: +91 884 236 4851 EMAIL: [email protected]; [email protected] Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation of Fisheries Livelihoods in India CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................2 2. IMPACTS OF TSUNAMI ON COASTAL FISHING COMMUNITIES.............................................................5 Extent of damages..................................................................................................................5 Impacts on craft, gear and infrastructure ...............................................................................5 Impacts of tsunami on different livelihood groups................................................................9 Impact of tsunami on natural resources ...............................................................................10 Impact of tsunami on the psyche of the fishers....................................................................13 Impact of tsunami on social networks .................................................................................13 3. REHABILITATION OF FISHERIES-RELATED LIVELIHOODS.................................................................15 Packages for supporting fisheries-livelihoods
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Vitaceae Based on Plastid Sequence Data
    PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF VITACEAE BASED ON PLASTID SEQUENCE DATA by PAUL NAUDE Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER SCIENTAE in BOTANY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR: DR. M. VAN DER BANK December 2005 I declare that this dissertation has been composed by myself and the work contained within, unless otherwise stated, is my own Paul Naude (December 2005) TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Abstract iii Index of Figures iv Index of Tables vii Author Abbreviations viii Acknowledgements ix CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Vitaceae 1 1.2 Genera of Vitaceae 6 1.2.1 Vitis 6 1.2.2 Cayratia 7 1.2.3 Cissus 8 1.2.4 Cyphostemma 9 1.2.5 Clematocissus 9 1.2.6 Ampelopsis 10 1.2.7 Ampelocissus 11 1.2.8 Parthenocissus 11 1.2.9 Rhoicissus 12 1.2.10 Tetrastigma 13 1.3 The genus Leea 13 1.4 Previous taxonomic studies on Vitaceae 14 1.5 Main objectives 18 CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 21 2.1 DNA extraction and purification 21 2.2 Primer trail 21 2.3 PCR amplification 21 2.4 Cycle sequencing 22 2.5 Sequence alignment 22 2.6 Sequencing analysis 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 32 3.1 Results from primer trail 32 3.2 Statistical results 32 3.3 Plastid region results 34 3.3.1 rpL 16 34 3.3.2 accD-psa1 34 3.3.3 rbcL 34 3.3.4 trnL-F 34 3.3.5 Combined data 34 CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 42 4.1 Molecular evolution 42 4.2 Morphological characters 42 4.3 Previous taxonomic studies 45 4.4 Conclusions 46 CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES 48 APPENDIX STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA 59 ii ABSTRACT Five plastid regions as source for phylogenetic information were used to investigate the relationships among ten genera of Vitaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Offices Under the Department of Registration
    1 List of Offices under the Department of Registration District in Name& Location of Telephone Sl No which Office Address for Communication Designated Officer Office Number located 0471- O/o Inspector General of Registration, 1 IGR office Trivandrum Administrative officer 2472110/247211 Vanchiyoor, Tvpm 8/2474782 District Registrar Transport Bhavan,Fort P.O District Registrar 2 (GL)Office, Trivandrum 0471-2471868 Thiruvananthapuram-695023 General Thiruvananthapuram District Registrar Transport Bhavan,Fort P.O District Registrar 3 (Audit) Office, Trivandrum 0471-2471869 Thiruvananthapuram-695024 Audit Thiruvananthapuram Amaravila P.O , Thiruvananthapuram 4 Amaravila Trivandrum Sub Registrar 0471-2234399 Pin -695122 Near Post Office, Aryanad P.O., 5 Aryanadu Trivandrum Sub Registrar 0472-2851940 Thiruvananthapuram Kacherry Jn., Attingal P.O. , 6 Attingal Trivandrum Sub Registrar 0470-2623320 Thiruvananthapuram- 695101 Thenpamuttam,BalaramapuramP.O., 7 Balaramapuram Trivandrum Sub Registrar 0471-2403022 Thiruvananthapuram Near Killippalam Bridge, Karamana 8 Chalai Trivandrum Sub Registrar 0471-2345473 P.O. Thiruvananthapuram -695002 Chirayinkil P.O., Thiruvananthapuram - 9 Chirayinkeezhu Trivandrum Sub Registrar 0470-2645060 695304 Kadakkavoor, Thiruvananthapuram - 10 Kadakkavoor Trivandrum Sub Registrar 0470-2658570 695306 11 Kallara Trivandrum Kallara, Thiruvananthapuram -695608 Sub Registrar 0472-2860140 Kanjiramkulam P.O., 12 Kanjiramkulam Trivandrum Sub Registrar 0471-2264143 Thiruvananthapuram- 695524 Kanyakulangara,Vembayam P.O. 13
    [Show full text]