DOCSLIB.ORG

Boek Safte Bw Lowres.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Tilburg University Terrorist access to firearms in the Netherlands Bruinsma, M.Y.; Spapens, Antonius Published in: Triggering terror Publication date: 2018 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Bruinsma, M. Y., & Spapens, A. (2018). Terrorist access to firearms in the Netherlands. In N. Duquet (Ed.), Triggering terror: Illicit gun markets and firearms acquisition of terrorist networks in Europe (pp. 285-325). Flemish Peace Institute. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. sep. 2021 Terror Triggering of Terroristof Networks in Europe Illicit Gun Markets and Firearms Acquisition Triggering Terror Illicit Gun Markets Flemish Peace Institute and Firearms Acquisition Leuvenseweg 86 1000 Brussels of Terrorist Networks tel. + 32 2 552 45 91 [email protected] Nils Duquet Edited by in Europe www.flemishpeaceinstitute.eu The Flemish Peace Institute was founded by decree of the Flemish Parliament as an independent institute for research on peace issues. The peace Institute conducts scientific research, documents relevant information sources, and informs and advises the Flemish Parliament and the public at large on questions of peace. Edited by Co- funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union Nils Duquet Triggering Terror Illicit Gun Markets and Firearms Acquisition of Terrorist Networks in Europe Triggering Terror Illicit Gun Markets and Firearms Acquisition of Terrorist Networks in Europe Nils Duquet (ed.) Co- funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union Colophon Triggering Terror: Illicit Gun Markets and Firearms Acquisition of Terrorist Networks in Europe ISBN 9789078864905 © Flemish Peace Institute, Brussels, 17 April 2018 Project SAFTE Project SAFTE is an international research project funded by the European Commission. SAFTE stands for ‘Studying the Acquisition of illicit Firearms by Terrorists in Europe’. The research was conducted by an international network of firearms experts. Project coordination: Flemish Peace Institute Project partners: SIPRI and Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant’Anna. Country study teams: • Flemish Peace Institute • SIPRI • Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant’Anna. • Arquebus Solutions • Bureau Bruinsma • Small Arms Survey Project SAFTE has received funding from DG Migration and Home Affairs of the European Commission under the call for proposals to support ‘Transnational initiatives to fight trafficking in drugs and firearms’ (HOME/2015/ISFP/AG/TDFX) of the Internal Security Fund (2014-2020). This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Editor Nils Duquet Language review Alex Potter Layout Karakters, Ghent Print Artoos, Kampenhout Disclaimers While the Flemish Peace Institute has exercised the utmost care in the redaction of this report, it cannot be deemed or held liable for possible mistakes or oversights with regard to completeness. At the same time, the Institute shall not assume any form of liability for the use that a reader may make of this document. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT THE AUTHORS 7 INTRODUCTION 11 The illicit gun market in Belgium: a lethal cocktail of criminal supply and terrorist demand 21 Nils Duquet and Kevin Goris Availability of illegal weapons: connecting the dots Case study of the Republic of Croatia 81 Filip Dragović, Paul James, Krešimir Mamić and Robert Mikac Illegal weapons, gangs and violent extremism in Denmark 123 Lina Grip Lethal legacies: Illicit firearms and terrorism in France 169 Nicolas Florquin and André Desmarais Between organised crime and terrorism: illicit firearms actors and market dynamics in Italy 237 Francesco Strazzari and Francesca Zampagni Terrorist access to firearms in the Netherlands 285 Monique Bruinsma and Toine Spapens Romania: firearms and security at the EU eastern border 327 Roxana Albisteanu, Alexandru Dena and Matthew Lewis 6 From the IRA to ISIS: Exploring terrorist access to the UK’s illicit firearms market 369 Paul Holtom, Paul James and Connor Patmore Illicit firearms circulation and the politics of upheaval in North Africa 435 Francesco Strazzari and Francesca Zampagni Illicit firearms proliferation in the EU periphery: the case of Ukraine 461 Francesco Buscemi, Nils Duquet, Ekaterina Golovko and Eric Woods 7 ABOUT THE AUTHORS ABOUT THE AUTHORS ABOUT Roxana Albisteanu is Director of the Center for Criminal Justice and Security Studies and Public policy expert. She has extensive experience as researcher and project manager in the area of Governance and European policies, having led for over 5 years numerous projects at national and international level. She has worked both in independent think-tanks and the Government, having served as a public policy advisor within the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Romania; she has co- founded the Center for Criminal Justice and Security Studies and is Director of this organisation since 2014. Monique Bruinsma is an independent researcher who has conducted several national studies on illicit firearms possession and trade in the Netherlands. She has her own research company Bureau Bruinsma that is focused on policy oriented social science research in the fields of security and criminality. On the topic of illicit firearms trafficking she frequently collaborates with Toine Spapens and with researchers from the Dutch National police. Together with Ecorys she recently pub- lished a study on the crime-terror nexus with regard to firearms acquisition in the Netherlands for the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice. Francesco Buscemi is a PhD candidate in Political Science and International Relations at the Pisa-based Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies. He has worked for the Italian Army, the European Union-funded UNDP-operated SEESAC SALW control program in Belgrade, Serbia, and the Flemish Peace Institute. His areas of interest include peace and conflict studies, civil war, arms control, small arms and conflict, non-state armed actors and the character of armed violence. Alexandru Dena is an affiliated expert of the Center for Criminal Justice and Security Studies. He is an experienced firearms specialist, having worked for over 9 years in the Romanian National Police. He is an authorized national firearms foren- sic expert since 2011 and has been a member of the Steering Committee of the ENFSI Firearms Working Group from 2015 until 2017. André Desmarais is a consultant with the Small Arms Survey since august 2016. Previously he worked for 32 years with the French police, as a crime scene examiner and a ballistics expert, from 1983 to 2015. During the years 2003-2007 he was the French technical adviser to the Kabul Police crime laboratory, working with German 8 counterparts. He carried out cooperation missions in several countries such as Algeria and Niger. His last assignment, from 2007-2015, was chief of the ballistics department in Marseille. Now retired, he is also a research fellow with the National scientific research center (CNRS) in Marseille. He graduated from the Cannes- Ecluse Police academy in 1983. Filip Dragović is a consultant with 23 years of work experience at various places in the Croatian Ministry of the Interior (Head of the Border Police, Assistant Minister, General Director) and 6 years of work experience in consultancy services in the countries of South East Europe for various international agencies (UNDP, IOM, GIZ, DCAF, IMG). His areas of expertise are European law, European Union enlargement, border security and migration, SALW, international police cooperation. He has authored several scientific and expert articles related to security issues. Nils Duquet is senior researcher at the Flemish Peace Institute, an independent research institute affiliated to the Flemish Parliament (Belgium). He has been working at the Flemish Peace Institute for 12 years and has authored more than 40 policy-oriented and academic publications on illicit firearms trafficking and gun violence in Europe, domestic gun policies and European arms export controls. He is the scientific coordinator of Project SAFTE. Nicolas Florquin is the research coordinator and a senior researcher at the Small Arms Survey – a Center of excellence at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies – since April 2010. He coordinates projects on armed actors and illicit flows of arms and ammunition in a variety of settings. Prior to joining the Small Arms Survey, he worked from 2006 to 2010 for Geneva Call, an organisation specialis- ing in humanitarian negotiations with
Recommended publications
  • Conseil De L'europe Council of Europe Cour Européenne Des Droits De L'homme European Court of Human Rights

    Conseil De L'europe Council of Europe Cour Européenne Des Droits De L'homme European Court of Human Rights

    CONSEIL COUNCIL DE L’EUROPE OF EUROPE COUR EUROPÉENNE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS SECOND SECTION DECISION AS TO THE ADMISSIBILITY OF Application no. 8704/03 by Volkert VAN DER GRAAF against the Netherlands The European Court of Human Rights (Second Section), sitting on 1 June 2004 as a Chamber composed of: Mr J.-P. COSTA, President, Mr A.B. BAKA, Mr L. LOUCAIDES, Mr C. BÎRSAN, Mr K. JUNGWIERT, Mrs W. THOMASSEN, Mrs A. MULARONI, judges, and Mr T.L. EARLY, Deputy Section Registrar, Having regard to the above application lodged on 11 March 2003, Having deliberated, decides as follows: 2 VAN DER GRAAF v. THE NETHERLANDS DECISION THE FACTS The applicant, Mr Volkert van der Graaf, is a Netherlands national, who was born in 1969 and is currently serving a prison sentence in the Netherlands. He is represented before the Court by Mr A.A. Franken, a lawyer practising in Amsterdam. A. The circumstances of the case The facts of the case, as submitted by the applicant, may be summarised as follows. On 6 May 2002, the applicant was arrested and taken into custody on suspicion of having shot and killed earlier that day Mr Pim Fortuyn, a well- known Netherlands politician and the first candidate on the list of the LPF party for the imminent parliamentary elections on 15 May 2002. The killing of Mr Fortuyn and the applicant's arrest attracted massive national and international publicity and, in the evening of 6 May 2002, riots broke out in The Hague. Many perceived his killing as a direct attack on democracy.
  • Ecre Country Report 2005

    Ecre Country Report 2005

    European Council on Refugees and Exiles - Country Report 2005 ECRE COUNTRY REPORT 2005 This report is based on the country reports submitted by member agencies to the ECRE Secretariat between June and August 2005. The reports have been edited to facilitate comparisons between countries, but no substantial changes have been made to their content as reported by the agencies involved. The reports are preceded by a synthesis that is intended to provide a summary of the major points raised by the member agencies, and to indicate some of the common themes that emerge from them. It also includes statistical tables illustrating trends across Europe. ECRE would like to thank all the member agencies involved for their assistance in producing this report. The ECRE country report 2005 was compiled by Jess Bowring and edited by Carolyn Baker. 1 European Council on Refugees and Exiles - Country Report 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS Austria..........................................................................................................................38 Belgium........................................................................................................................53 Bulgaria........................................................................................................................64 Czech Republic ............................................................................................................74 Denmark.......................................................................................................................84
  • Lethal Legacies: Illicit Firearms and Terrorism in France

    Lethal Legacies: Illicit Firearms and Terrorism in France

    169 Lethal legacies: Illicit firearms and terrorism in France FRANCE Nicolas Florquin and André DesmaraisI This chapter analyses the illicit firearms market in France, the ways in which terror- ist networks have been able to access firearms, and the national policies that have been developed to combat (terrorist access to) the illicit gun market. Particularly since 2015, France has by far been the European country most affected by terrorist attacks involving the use of firearms. The use of fully automatic rifles in the January and November 2015 Paris attacks took an unprecedented human toll, with 147 deaths in those events alone.1 In 2015 the French authorities made 424 terrorism- related arrests, compared to 238 in 2014 and 225 in 2013.2 The recent attacks have created a push to reform the country’s intelligence and secu- rity forces in order to adapt to, anticipate and better respond to these threats.3 The gov- ernment has also identified a series of measures to tackle the issue of illicitly held fire- arms: the Ministry of the Interior’s National Action Plan was launched on 13 November 2015, just hours before the attack on the Bataclan theatre started.4 Yet these efforts can only rely on limited information on and analysis of the extent and nature of the illicit arms market in France, owing principally to the fact that levels of gun violence in France were previously moderate, if not low by international standards. This study constitutes an unprecedented effort to present and analyse data and information on illicit firearms and their acquisition by terrorist actors in France.
  • Students and Employees of Wageningen UR Nr

    Students and Employees of Wageningen UR Nr

    Minister won’t apologize The perfect cookies and ‘Go ahead and to Q fever victims the crispiest chicken hang out the fl ag’ ‘Admitting the mistakes would give pa- Physicist Erik van der Linden publishes General relief at reversal of nature budget tients moral support.’ | p.9 | book on science-based cooking. | p.20 | cuts. | p.22 | RESOURCEFor students and employees of Wageningen UR nr. 18 – 10 May 2012 – 6th Volume Student mum Goodbye studies, goodbye room, goodbye student life P.12 (5(6SLQGG 2 >> labour of love >> RON + DESIGNING GARDENS Ron Anbergen, fruit researcher at PPO Randwijk ‘I like colour and depth’ He is a miracle worker in a garden. Small gardens like this one, belonging to friends in Elst. Ron Anbergen designs and plants them. What he likes best is colour, variati- on and perennial plants. ‘And as little hard surface as possible.’ None of your modern minimalist business for him then. He designs gardens for friends, family, colleagues and neighbours. With sensory experience and contrast as key concepts. And no garden is too small for that. RK / Foto: Guy Ackermans RESOURCE — 10 May 2012 (5(6SLQGG ILLUSTRATION COVER: GUY ACKERMANS CONTENTS no 18 – 6th Volume >> 6 >> 15 >> 18 WUR PASS HACKED WAGENINGEN’S MOST FAMOUS BOOK WRITING COMPETITION One Wageningen student gets free Every time Queen Beatrix visits, she Scientifi c approach overlooks beauty and coff ee now. asks to see this book. meaning, claims winner Esther Brouwer. WHY? AND MORE... So why did Resource host the annual conference for the editors of higher educa- 2 Labour of love tion magazines at the end of April? And why did we ask NRC Next editor-in-chief designing gardens Rob Wijnberg to open the conference for us? 4 News and opinion Why questions are the only ones that interest Wijnberg.
  • Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts, Components and Ammunition To, from and Across the European Union

    Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts, Components and Ammunition To, from and Across the European Union

    Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts, Components and Ammunition to, from and across the European Union REGIONAL ANALYSIS REPORT 1 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts, Components and Ammunition to, from and across the European Union UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2020 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Illicit Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts, Components and Ammunition to, from and across the European Union REGIONAL ANALYSIS REPORT UNITED NATIONS Vienna, 2020 © United Nations, 2020. All rights reserved, worldwide. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copy- right holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any written output that uses this publication as a source at [email protected]. DISCLAIMERS This report was not formally edited. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNODC, nor do they imply any endorsement. Information on uniform resource locators and links to Internet sites contained in the present publication are provided for the convenience of the reader and are correct at the time of issuance. The United Nations takes no responsibility for the continued accuracy of that information or for the content of any external website. This document was produced with the financial support of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect
  • Modern Sniper Rifles in the Armament of the Serbian Armed Forces

    Modern Sniper Rifles in the Armament of the Serbian Armed Forces

    MODERN SNIPER RIFLES IN THE ARMAMENT OF THE SERBIAN ARMED FORCES Darko D. Jankovića, Darko M. Vasiljevićb, Ljubiša D.Tomićc, Srđan J. Duvnjakd a University of Defense in Belgrade, Military Academy, Dean Office, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, e-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3553-2747 b University of Belgrade, Institute of physics, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, e-mail:[email protected], ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6737-6000 c Military Tehnical Institute, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, e-mail: [email protected], ment of the Serbian Armed Forces , pp.663-688 ORCID iD: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4572-3096 d University of Defense in Belgrade, Military Academy, Dean office, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia, e-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9269-6310 DOI: 10.5937/vojtehg67-18141; https://doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg67-18141 FIELD: Weapons ARTICLE TYPE: Professional Paper ARTICLE LANGUAGE: English Summary: The paper describes sniper rifles and optical sights in use in the Serbian Armed Forces. For the purpose of possible design of an optical sight that would meet modern technical and technological standards and needs of , D. et al, Modern sniper rifles in the arma the Serbian Armed Forces, the paper analyzes the optical and mechanical ć characteristics of the aforementioned. Key words: small arms, sniper rifle, caliber, optical sight, optics, Jankovi magnification, reticle, rectification adjustment, surface protection, mounting on weapons. Introduction The subject of this paper is a presentation of modern sniper rifles with appropriate optical sighting devices used in the infantry units of the ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The authors are thankful for the financial support from the University of Defence in Belgrade - Military Academy (Project name: Research of physical and mathematical methods of measurement and modeling important for ballistics, weaponry and military equipment; Project ID: VA TT/2/18-20).
  • The War and Fashion

    The War and Fashion

    F a s h i o n , S o c i e t y , a n d t h e First World War i ii Fashion, Society, and the First World War International Perspectives E d i t e d b y M a u d e B a s s - K r u e g e r , H a y l e y E d w a r d s - D u j a r d i n , a n d S o p h i e K u r k d j i a n iii BLOOMSBURY VISUAL ARTS Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square, London, WC1B 3DP, UK 1385 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, USA 29 Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY VISUAL ARTS and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in Great Britain 2021 Selection, editorial matter, Introduction © Maude Bass-Krueger, Hayley Edwards-Dujardin, and Sophie Kurkdjian, 2021 Individual chapters © their Authors, 2021 Maude Bass-Krueger, Hayley Edwards-Dujardin, and Sophie Kurkdjian have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as Editors of this work. For legal purposes the Acknowledgments on p. xiii constitute an extension of this copyright page. Cover design by Adriana Brioso Cover image: Two women wearing a Poiret military coat, c.1915. Postcard from authors’ personal collection. This work is published subject to a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives Licence. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher Bloomsbury Publishing Plc does not have any control over, or responsibility for, any third- party websites referred to or in this book.
  • On the Life and Times of the Dutch Blasphemy Law (1932-2014)

    On the Life and Times of the Dutch Blasphemy Law (1932-2014)

    The Fall and Rise of Blasphemy Law EDITED BY Paul Cliteur & Tom Herrenberg tt LEIDEN UNIVERSITY PRESS ;. i': .r' ', 4 On the Life and Times of the Dutch Blasphemy Law (1932 -2014) Pctul Cliteur & Tom Herrenberg Cliteur, Paul, and Herrenberg, Tom, " On the Life and Times of the Dutch Blasphemy Law (L993-2014)" , in: The FaII ønd Rise of Press, Leiden 20L6, pp' 71-71'1' TNTRSDUCTT9N Bløsphemy Løw, Leiden University when the Dutch criminal code entered into force in 18B6 it did not contain a general provision against blasphemy. In r88o, during a debate in Parliament about the Criminal Code, the minister of justice at the time, Mr. "God Anthony Ewoud Jan Modderman (1838-1885), opined that is able to preserve His own rights by Himself; no human laws are required for this proposal irrpor".,,'yet, five dãcades later things had changed. A legislative ãf z5 April r93r entitled "Amendment to the Criminal Code with provisions regarding certain utterances hurtful to religious feelings"' sought to add t-o provisions relating to the defamation of religion to the Criminal Code- Article l47 no. r was intended to criminalise "he who verbally, in writing, or in image, publicly exPresses himself by scornful blasphemy in a manner offensive to religious feelingsJ' In addition, Article 4z9bis made it illegal for people to 'displa¡ in a place visible from a public road, words or images that, as e"pressions of scornful blasphemy, are hurtful to religious feelings."3 In this chapter we will give an account of this blasphemy law. We will address the law's evolution in chronological order and start by describing the parliamentary debate on the introduction of the law in the r93os.
  • Curio & Relic/C&R Information for Collectors

    Curio & Relic/C&R Information for Collectors

    Page 1 JULY 2020 Columns & News The GunNews is the official monthly publication of the Washington 4 Legislation & Politics–Joe Waldron Arms Collectors, an NRA-affiliated organization located at 1006 15 Straight From the Holster–JT Hilsendeger Fryar Ave, Bldg D, Sumner, WA 98390. Subscription is by member- 18 Is There a Mouse in Your House?–Tom Burke ship only and $15 per year of membership dues goes for subscrip- 22 Short Rounds tion to the magazine. Features Managing Editor–Philip Shave 3 Curio & Relic License Information–Editor Send editorial correspondence, Wanted Dead or 8 The Red 9–Bill Hunt Alive ads, or commercial advertising inquiries to: 10 The Chinese .45 Broomhandle–J.W. Mathews [email protected] 12 A Broomhandle By Any Other Name–Phil 7625 78th Loop NW, Olympia, WA 98502 Shave (360) 866-8478 Assistant Editor–Bill Burris For Collectors Art Director/Covers–Bill Hunt Cover–Art Director Copy Editors–Bob Brittle, Bill Burris, Forbes 24 Wanted: Dead or Alive Bill Hunt provided Freeburg, Woody Mathews 32 Show Calendar both the cover photo and article on the Member Resources Mauser C96 Red 9, see pp. 8-9, 16-17. CONTACT THE BUSINESS OFFICE FOR: 28 Board Minutes n MISSING GunNews & DELIVERY PROBLEMS 30 Member Info n TABLE RESERVATIONS n CHANGE OF ADDRESS n TRAINING n CLUB INFORMATION, MEMBERSHIP Club Officers (425) 255-8410 voice President — Bill Burris (425) 255-8410 253-881-1617FAX Vice President — Boyd Kneeland (425) 643-9288 Office Hours: 9a.m.–5p.m., M–TH Secretary — Forbes Freeburg (425) 255-8410 closed holidays Treasurer — Holly Henson (425) 255-8410 Walk-in Temporarily Closed Due to Immediate Past President — Boyd Kneeland (425) 643-9288 Virus Club Board of Directors SEND OFFICE CORRESPONDENCE TO: Scott Bramhall (425)255-8410 P.O.
  • Availability of Illegal Weapons: Connecting the Dots Case Study of CROATIA the Republic of Croatia

    Availability of Illegal Weapons: Connecting the Dots Case Study of CROATIA the Republic of Croatia

    81 Availability of illegal weapons: connecting the dots Case study of CROATIA the Republic of Croatia Filip Dragović, Paul James, Krešimir Mamić and Robert Mikac The territory of the Republic of Croatia has been a corridor for the transportation of people, goods and ideas from its early history to the present day. The modern secu- rity environment and the risks facing Croatia are partly the legacy of its recent history, its geostrategic and geopolitical position, and its role as a transit country on the so-called Balkan routeI for the smuggling of people, drugs, contraband and fire- arms from Asia, Africa and South Eastern Europe to Western Europe, as well as the smuggling of various goods such as stolen vehicles and synthetic drugs in the oppo- site direction. As a result Croatia is often referred to in the context of organised crime. In professional security related circles it is usually linked to the smuggling of heroin from Afghanistan – the world’s largest producer – to Western Europe, where there are developed markets and high demand for heroin. In recent years the Balkan route has also been important for the movement of migrants.1 This route has at least three main branches: the Bulgarian branch, the east Balkan route and the Adriatic route.2 Not surprisingly, the Yugoslav wars in the 1990s strongly impacted the security situ- ation in Croatia and trafficking along the Balkan route. On 25 June 1991 the Republic of Croatia declared its independence and broke its ties with Yugoslavia. The regime in Belgrade refused to accept this and attempted to undermine Croatian independ- ence by encouraging rebellion among the local Serb population and sending the I The assumption is that the original route ran through Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia to Austria, Italy, and other Western Euro- pean countries.
  • Peter Weiss. Andrei Platonov. Ragnvald Blix. Georg Henrik Von Wright. Adam Michnik

    Peter Weiss. Andrei Platonov. Ragnvald Blix. Georg Henrik Von Wright. Adam Michnik

    A quarterly scholarly journal and news magazine. March 2011. Vol IV:1 From the Centre for Baltic and East European Studies (CBEES) Södertörn University, Stockholm FEATURE. Steklov – Russian BALTIC temple of pure thought W O Rbalticworlds.com L D S COPING WITH TRANSITIONS PETER WEISS. ANDREI PLATONOV. RAGNVALD BLIX. GEORG HENRIK VON WRIGHT. ADAM MICHNIK. SLAVENKA DRAKULIĆ. Sixty pages BETRAYED GDR REVOLUTION? / EVERYDAY BELARUS / WAVE OF RELIGION IN ALBANIA / RUSSIAN FINANCIAL MARKETS 2short takes Memory and manipulation. Transliteration. Is anyone’s suffering more important than anyone else’s? Art and science – and then some “IF YOU WANT TO START a war, call me. Transliteration is both art and science CH I know all about how it's done”, says – and, in many cases, politics. Whether MÄ author Slavenka Drakulić with a touch царь should be written as tsar, tzar, ANNA of gallows humor during “Memory and czar, or csar may not be a particu- : H Manipulation: Religion as Politics in the larly sensitive political matter today, HOTO Balkans”, a symposium held in Lund, but the question of the transliteration P Sweden, on December 2, 2010. of the name of the current president This issue of the journal includes a of Belarus is exceedingly delicate. contribution from Drakulić (pp. 55–57) First, and perhaps most important: in which she claims that top-down gov- which name? Both the Belarusian ernance, which started the war, is also Аляксандр Лукашэнка, and the Rus- the path to reconciliation in the region. sian Александр Лукашенко are in use. Balkan experts attending the sympo- (And, while we’re at it, should that be sium agree that the war was directed Belarusian, or Belarussian, or Belaru- from the top, and that “top-down” is san, or Byelorussian, or Belorussian?) the key to understanding how the war BW does not want to take a stand on began in the region.
  • |||GRATIS||| GESCHIEDENIS VAN HARDERWIJK Ebook

    |||GRATIS||| GESCHIEDENIS VAN HARDERWIJK Ebook

    GESCHIEDENIS VAN HARDERWIJK GRATIS EPUB Auteur: Jan Folkerts Aantal pagina's: 240 pagina's Verschijningsdatum: none Uitgever: none EAN: 9789053523889 Taal: nl Link: Download hier Informatie over de geschiedenis Harderwijk - Op 11 juni kreeg Harderwijk van Graaf Otto van Gelre en Zutphen, Zutphensche rechten en vrijheden en daarnaast kreeg de stad ook het recht om een jaarmarkt en weekmarkten te houden. In sloot Harderwijk zich aan bij de Hanze en is tot lid gebleven van de Hanze. Op 31 julimeer dan vijfhonderd jaar geleden brandde Harderwijk tot op de grond toe af. Een ramp die zijn weerga niet kende en die qua omvang niet met huidige rampen te vergelijken is. In verplaatsen de Staten van Gelderland, de provinciale Munt uit Nijmegen naar Harderwijk, omdat Harderwijk goed te verdedigen is tegen de Spanjaarden. De Universiteit van Harderwijk bestaat tegenwoordig nog slechts in de fantasie van Professor Fetze GESCHIEDENIS VAN HARDERWIJK, een typetje van Aart Staartjes, maar in het verleden bestond ze echt. Zijn opdracht was de voormalige Gelderse Munt aan de Smeepoortstraat te inspecteren op geschiktheid voor gebruik. Toen in de oorlog uitbrak gingen, na de bezetting van hun land, veel Belgen op GESCHIEDENIS VAN HARDERWIJK vlucht naar Nederland. Ze werden zo goed en GESCHIEDENIS VAN HARDERWIJK kwaad als dat ging opgevangen in vluchtelingenkampen die her en der uit de grond werden gestampt. In de nacht van donderdag 13 op vrijdag 14 januari was er een zware Noord Wester storm op de Zuiderzee deze zorgde voor een grote overstroming in plaatsen als Marken en Volendam maar ook Harderwijk bleef niet ongedeerd.