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Rimski Natpisi Iz Varaždinskih Toplica, VAMZ, 3

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Rimski Natpisi Iz Varaždinskih Toplica, VAMZ, 3 L. LUČIĆ: Rimski natpisi iz Varaždinskih Toplica, VAMZ, 3. s., XLVI (2013) 185 LOVORKA LUČIĆ Predovečka 11 HR – 10000 Zagreb [email protected] RIMSKI NATPISI THE ROMAN INSCRIPTIONS IZ VARAŽDINSKIH TOPLICA FROM VARAŽDINSKE TOPLICE UDK: 930.271 UDC: 930.271 (497.5 Varaždinske Toplice)’’652’’ (497.5 Varaždinske Toplice)’’652’’ Stručni rad Professional paper Članak obrađuje rimske natpise na spo- The article deals with Roman inscriptions on menicima i tegulama pronađenim na monuments and tegulae found in the area of području Varaždinskih Toplica, a koji Varaždinske Toplice that have been published su do danas objavljeni. Ima ih trideset i to date. There are a total of thirty-six, and šest, a najčešće su ih postavljali vojnici most often they were commissioned by sol- i građani, uglavnom kao zahvalu bogo- diers and citizens, generally to express grati- vima za zdravlje. Na natpisima se spo- tude to the gods for good health. Various gods minju različiti bogovi, a postavili su ih are mentioned in the inscriptions, and they dedikanti koji pripadaju različitim slo- were installed by dedicants of different social jevima društva - vojnici različitih službi classes: soldiers from various branches and te građani. Također je obrađen i jedan citizens. An imperial inscription, the only one carski natpis, jedini takav pronađen u of its kind found in Varaždinske Toplice, is Varaždinskim Toplicama. Pozornost se also considered. Attention is also accorded to obratila i na legije koje su spomenute the legions mentioned in the inscriptions and na natpisima te na njihovo kretanje i their movements and stay at the time when boravak u vrijeme podizanja natpisa. the inscriptions were made. The article also Članak obuhvaća i pečate na tegulama covers stamps on tegulae and information on te podatke o ciglarima koji su ih izradi- the brick makers who manufactured them. li. Natpisi uglavnom prate različite faze The inscriptions generally follow the differ- gradnje koje je imalo naselje, a kroz ent architectural phases that proceeded in iste se može pratiti i kako se kroz vrije- the settlement, and through them the chang- me mijenjao karakter posjetitelja. ing character of visitors over time can be ob- served. Ključne riječi: Varaždinske Toplice, rim- ski natpisi, rimski bogovi, dedikanti, legi- Key words: Varaždinske Toplice, Roman in- je, carski natpis, pečati na tegulama, faze scriptions, Roman gods, dedicants, legions, gradnje imperial inscription, stamps on tegulae, ar- chitectural phases 186 L. LUČIĆ: Rimski natpisi iz Varaždinskih Toplica, VAMZ, 3. s., XLVI (2013) 1. Današnje spoznaje o Aquae Iasae 1. Current knowledge on Aquae Iasae U Hrvatskom zagorju, na 230 metara nad- The town of Varaždinske Toplice is situated in morske visine, između terasa Topličke gore the Croatian region called Hrvatsko Zagorje, i doline Bednje, smjestio se manji grad Va- at an elevation of 230 meters, between the ter- raždinske Toplice. Grad je bio naseljen još races on the hill called Toplička gora and the od vremena paleolitika, a najveći procvat Bednja River Valley. The town has been inhab- doživio je u antičko vrijeme.1 Razlog ovako ited since the Palaeolithic, and experienced its dugome kontinuiranom naseljavanju može- greatest bloom in Antiquity.1 The reason for this mo naći u činjenici da grad posjeduje dva long continuous inhabitation is due to the fact termalna izvora ljekovite sumporne vode. U that the town possesses two thermal springs of predrimsko vrijeme ovaj prostor naseljavali medicinal sulphurous water. During the pre-Ro- su Iasi2 (panonsko-ilirsko pleme čije se ime man era this area was inhabited by the Jasi2 (a proteže od graničnog područja Republike Pannonian-Illyrian tribe whose range extended Hrvatske i Republike Slovenije, preko po- along the border zone between the present-day dručja Varaždinskih Toplica i rijeke Sutle, Republics of Croatia and Slovenia, through the rijekom Dravom do Virovitice, na istok do area of Varaždinske Toplice and the Sutla River, mjesta Velika, a jug do sredine međuriječja along the Drava River to Virovitica, and east- Save i Drave3) za koje se smatra da su se već ward to Velika, and southward to the middle of služili izvorima, a arheološkim istraživanji- the Sava-Drava interfluve3) who were believed ma potvrdila su neprekidnu uporabu istih to have already made use of these springs, while od rimskog doba.4 Rimljani, koji su od 13. archaeological research has confirmed their un- g. pr. Kr. do 9. g. osvojili prostor nekadašnje interrupted use since Roman times.4 The Ro- provincije Panonije, osnovali su ovo naselje mans, who conquered the territory of the for- te mu nadjenuli ime Aquae Iasae, povezu- mer province of Pannonia from 13 BC to 9 AD, jući izvore s imenom plemena koje je tada established this settlement and named it Aquae tamo obitavalo. Mjesto je administrativno Iasae, linking the springs to the name of the tribe pripadalo općini grada Petovija (res publica which resided there at the time. Administrative- Poetoviensis),5 koji je pod Trajanom postao ly the settlement was a part of the municipium of Poetovio (res publica Poetoviensis),5 which 1 Kušan Špalj 1999, 109-119; Sanader 2001, 17; Tkalčić 1869, 1; Vikić-Belančić, Gorenc 1958, 1 Kušan Špalj 1999, 109-119; Sanader 2001, 17; 75; Vikić-Belančić, Gorenc 1970, 122; Gorenc, Tkalčić 1869, 1; Vikić-Belančić, Gorenc 1958, Vikić 1980. 75; Vikić-Belančić, Gorenc 1970, 122; Gorenc, 2 Gorenc, Vikić 1963, 111; Mócsy 1959, 26-28; Vikić 1980. Radman-Livaja, Ivezić 2012, 139. 2 Gorenc, Vikić 1963, 111; Mócsy 1959, 26-28; 3 Schejbal 2003, 394, 395. Radman-Livaja, Ivezić, 2012, 139. 4 Gorenc, Vikić 1980, 3; Kušan Špalj 2006, 278; 3 Schejbal 2003, 394, 395. Mócsy 1959, 26-28. 4 Gorenc, Vikić 1980, 3; Kušan Špalj 2006, 278; 5 Petovij je, nakon rimske okupacije, uključen u Mócsy 1959, 26-28. teritorij Ilirika, a kasnije pripojen Panoniji. U to 5 Poetovio was, after Roman occupation, incorporat- su vijeme Akve Jaze bile pod upravom Petovija, ed into the territory of Illyricum, and later annexed a tada su nastala i dva natpisa koji podupiru ovu to Pannonia. At that time Aquae Iasae were under teoriju: KAT. BR. 12. i KAT. BR. 23. Diokleci- Poetovio’s administration, and it was then that two janovom podjelom Panonije (297. g.) Petovij je inscriptions appeared which back this theory: CAT. pripao Noriku, dok su Akve Jaze ostale u Pano- NO. 12 and CAT. NO. 23. After Diocletian’s divi- niji Superior (Horvat 2003, 160; Klemenc, Saria sion of Pannonia (297 AD), Poetovio became a part 1936, 92, 93; Šimek 2001, 42), što nam potvrđuje of Noricum, while Aqua Iasae remained in Pannonia natpis u KAT. BR. 30. Superior (Horvat 2003, 160; Klemenc-Saria 1936, 92, 93; Šimek 2001, 42), which is confirmed by the inscription in CAT. NO. 30. L. LUČIĆ: Rimski natpisi iz Varaždinskih Toplica, VAMZ, 3. s., XLVI (2013) 187 kolonija.6 Kako su u Petoviju bile smještene became a colony under Trajan.6 Since legions legije (legio VIII Augusta, legio XIII Gemi- were posted in Poetovio (legio VIII Augusta, le- na, legio XIIII Gemina, legio XXI Rapax7), gio XIII Gemina, legio XIIII Gemina, legio XXI a nakon njih u gradu naseljeni veterani, To- Rapax7), and after them veterans lived in the plice su njima predstavljale važno mjesto town, Toplice became an important place for okrjepe od teške službe te su bile vrlo po- them to recover from their arduous service and sjećeno mjesto, što je i potvrđeno brojnim it was highly-frequented, which has been con- natpisima pronađenima tijekom arheološ- firmed by numerous inscriptions found during kih istraživanja.8 Tijekom vladavine Marka the course of archaeological research.8 During Aurelija, Petovijska je općina, iznad izvora, the reign of Marcus Aurelius, the municipium dala podići nimfej ukrašen mramornim re- of Poetovio commissioned the construction of ljefnim pločama,9 o kojemu će biti riječi ka- a nymphaeum above the springs, adorned with snije. Budući da se kolonija Petovij nalazila marble relief slabs,9 which will be discussed na strateški izvanrednom položaju, a zbog below. Since the colony of Poetovio was at a očite povezanosti naselja, od toga su profi- strategically vital point, and due to the obvious tirala i obližnje Aquae Iasae,10 o čemu nam links between settlements, nearby Aquae Iasae svjedoče i brojni pronađeni natpisi (KAT. also profited from this,10 to which numerous in- BR. 12, 23). scriptions testify (CAT. NO. 12, 23). Sustavna istraživanja Varaždinskih Toplica Systematic research into Varaždinske Toplice započela su 1953. godine kada je u grad- began in 1953, when a Roman architectural skom parku otkriven kompleks rimske ar- complex was discovered in the town park that hitekture, koji se prostirao na površini od extended over a surface of 6,000 m2. These 6000 m2. Pronađeni nalazi datiraju od 1. finds were dated from the first to fourth centu- do 4. stoljeća. Otkriveni kompleks obu- ries. The discovered complex encompassed a hvaća kupališnu zgradu s bazilikom, forum bath building with basilica, a forum surrounded okružen trjemovima, u čijem centru se na- by porticos with a thermal spring in the middle, lazi termalni izvor, te kapitolij s hramovima and a Capitolium with temples most likely ded- koji su najvjerojatnije posvećeni Jupiteru, icated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva.11 In 1982, Junoni i Minervi.11 Godine 1982. prekinu- financing was cut off, also ending all works. 6 Gorenc, Vikić 1975; Horvat 2003, 156; Sanader 6 Gorenc, Vikić 1975; Horvat 2003, 156; Sanader 2001, 17; Vikić 1961, 47. 2001, 17; Vikić 1961, 47. 7 Farnum 2005, 29. 7 Farnum 2005, 29. 8 Galić, Radman-Livaja 2006, 173-174; Rendić- 8 Galić, Radman-Livaja 2006, 173-174; Rendić- Miočević 1975, 43-44; Rendić-Miočević 1992, 74; Miočević 1975, 43-44; Rendić-Miočević 1992, Šimek 2001, 42; Vikić-Belančić 1996, 21-22.
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