THE HORIZONS OF CONTINENTAL MARTINUS NIJHOFF PHILOSOPHY LIBRARY VOLUME 30

For a complete list of volumes in this series see final page of this volume. The Horizons of Essays on Husser!, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty

edited by

Hugh J. Silverman State University of New York at Stony Brook Algis Mickunas Ohio University Theodore Kisiel Northern Illinois University Alphonso Lingis The Pennsylvania State University

1988 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

The Horizons Qf continental phllosophy essays on Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty I editors, Hugh J. Silverman ... [et al. 1. p. cm. -- (Martinus Nljhoff phi losophy l ibrary ; v. 30) Inc ludes index. ISBN 978-90-481-8308-1 ISBN 978-94-017-3350-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-3350-2 1. Philosophy, Modern--20th century . 2. Husserl, Edmund. 1859-1938. 3. Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976. 4. Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 1908-1961. 1. Silverman, Hugh J. II. Series. B804.H726 1988 190--dc19 87-33798 CIP

ISBN 978-90-481-8308-1

Copyright

© 1988 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Origina11y published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1988

An rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permis sion of the publishers, Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. PUBLICATIONS BOARD

General Editor Hugh J. Silverman

Volume Editors Algis Mickunas (Husserl Circle) Theodore Kisiel (Heidegger Conference) Alphonso Lingis (~lerleau-Ponty Circle)

Publications Committee Members Theodore Ki s i e1 Alphonso Lingis Al gi s Mi ckunas John Sallis Hugh J. Silverman Stephen H. Watson TABLE OF CONTENTS

About the Editors ix Acknowledgements xi

INTRODUCTION On Broadening Philosophical Horizons xiii Hugh J. Silverman PART ONE: HUSSERL 1. Questions of Method: On Describing the Individual as Exemplary 3 Jose Huertas-Jourda 2. The Necessity of Intersubjectivity 32 Kathleen M. Haney 3. Existence and Essence in Thomas and Husserl 62 James R. Mensch 4. A Phenomenological Exploration of Popper's 'World 3' 93 Lenore Langsdorf and Harry Reeder

PART TWO: HEIDEGGER 5. Dwelling 133 Eugene T. Gendlin 6. Textuality and the Origin of the Work of Art 153 Hugh J. Silverman viii Contents

7. On the Occlusion of the Subject: Heidegger and Lacan 168 Wilhelm S. Wurzer 8. From the Deconstruction of Hermeneutics to the Hermeneutics of Deconstruction 190 John D. Caputo

PART THREE: MERLEAU-PONTY 9. Communication Science and Merleau-Ponty's Critique of the Objectivist Illusion 205 Richard L. Lanigan

10. Merleau-Ponty: The Depth of ~lemory as the Depth of the World 227 Gl en A. Mazi s 11. Towards an Erotics of Art 251 All en S. We; ss 12. Merleau-Ponty on Silence and the Work of Philosophy 272 Veronique F6t;

Notes on Contributors 289

Index 293 ABOUT THE EDITORS

THE GENERAL EDITOR

HUGH J. SILVERMAN is Professor of Philosophy and Comparative at the State University of New York @ Stony Brook. Author of Inscriptions: Between Phenomenology and Structuralism (Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1987). editor of Piaget. Philosophy and the Human Sciences (Humanities. 1980). co-editor of Jean-Paul Sartre: Contemporary Approaches to His Philosophy (Duquesne. 1980). Continental PhilosophY in America (Duquesne. 1983). Descriptions (SUNY Press. 1985). Hermeneutics and Deconstruction (SUNY Press. 1985). Critical and Dialectical Phenomenology (SUNY Press. 1987). and Continental PhilosophY (SUNY Press. 1988) and translator of various works by Merleau-Ponty. he is editor of a new series published by Routledge and Kegan Paul eatitled Continental Philosophy. He taught previously at Stanford University and has been Visiting Professor at New York University. Duquesne University. the University of Warwick (England). and the University of Nice (France). He served as Executive Co-Director of the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy from 1980-1986 and is currently Executive Director of the International Association for Philosophy and Literature.

ix x THE VOLUME EDITORS PART ONE: HUSSERL ALGIS MICKUNAS is Professor of Philosophy at Ohio University. He is author (with John R. Scudder) of Meaning. Dialogue. and Enculturation: Phenomenological PhilosophY of Education (University Press of America. 1985) and (with David Stewart) Exploring Phenomenology (American Library Assoc •• 1974). He has published numerous articles including "The Transcendental. the Hermeneutical. and the Semiotic." Aus1egung. 1983. He has translated Elisabeth Stroeker's Philosophical Investigations of (Ohio University Press. 1985) and (with Noel Barstad) Jean Gebser's The Ever-Present Origin (Ohio Univ. Press. 1986).

PART TWO: HEIDEGGER THEODORE KISIEL is Professor of Philosophy at Northern Illinois University in DeKalb. Illinois. He is the trans• lator of 's of the Concept of (Indiana University Press). as well as Werner Marx's Heidegger and the Tradition (Northwestern University Press). He co-edited Phenomenology and the Natural Sciences. with Joseph J. Kockelmans (Northwestern University Press). His other publications include "Ars Inveniendi: A Classical Source For of Science." International Revue of Philosophy. 1980. "Heidegger: The Transformation of the Categoria1. " in Continental Philosophy in America (1983), and "A Diagramatic Approach to Heidegger's Schematism of Existence. II Philosophy Today. Fall 1984.

PART THREE: MERLEAU-PONTY ALPHONSO LINGIS is Professor of Philosophy at Pennsylvania State University. He is author of Excesses: Eros and Culture (State University of New York Press. 1983). Libido: The French Existential Theories (Indiana University Press. 1985). and Phenomenological Explanations (Nijhoff. 1986). His translations include Merleau-Ponty's The Visible and the Invisible and Levinas ' and Existence and Existents. He is also editor of The Collected Papers of Emmanuel L~vinas (Nijhoff. 1986). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Grateful acknowledgement to Stephen Watson and the University of Notre Dame for providing the final typescript of this volume. The Philosophy Department of the State University of New York at Stony Brook supplied necessary xeroxing facilities. James Hatley expertly prepared the Index. The members of the Husserl Circle. Heidegger Conference. and the Merleau-Ponty Circle are to be thanked for their pat1ence as we have brought these essays 1nto f1nal form and completed the volume for ult1mate publication. Especial thanks to Alexander Schimmelpenninck of Martinus Nijhoff Publishers for his encouragement and support.

xi ON BROADENING PHILOSOPHICAL HORIZONS Hugh J. Silverman

Horizons bring sunsets and morning dews. sea breezes and mountain rains. blue skys and overcast winters. "Horizons" also have a philosophical sense. one deeply embedded in the phenomenological tradition. Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau• Ponty all made use of the horizon as a figure for philosophi• cal research. The horizon is presented as a lim1t. as a limit to what is d1rectly perceived in a core-11ke way. as a limit to present temporal exper1ence. as a l1m1t to what 1s given in an interpretation. as a limit to the very meaning of . as a l1m1t to what 1s ava1lable 1n an 1mmediate ap• prehension of an object. The hor1zon l1mits conceptual. temporal. perceptual. hermeneutic. and s1tuat1onal exper1- ence. There are inner horizons and outer horizons: those limits which are immediately apprehended and those wh1ch constitute the general ground of any particular experience. The "horizons" of continental philosophy set the para• meters to an increasingly important orientation in philosophy today. Continental philosophy is not limited to pheno• menology. However phenomenology is in many respects its inner horizon. The traditions set forth by Husserl. Heidegger. Sartre. and Merleau-Ponty form the core of continental philosophy as it is practiced today. Not all cont1nental ph1losophy wants to adm1t to a s1mple lineage -• the various roles of Kant. Hegel. Marx. Nietzsche. Kierkegaard. Bergson. and Saussure are witness to a wide variety of alternatives constituting some of the outer horizon of continental philosophy today. On the other side. the more recent efforts of figures such as L~vi-Strauss. xiii xiv Introduction

lacan. Barthes. Jakobson. Horkheimer. Adorno. Gadamer. Ricoeur. Foucault. Deleuze. Derrida. lyotard. Vattimo. Kofman. and Irigaray are also part of that outer horizon of continental philosophy. The purpose of this volume however is to establish that space within the core of continental philosophy -• specifically in relation to the work of Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau-Ponty -- and to move out to some of its various horizons. In some cases. these horizons are set by the history of philosophy. in others by newer directions in contemporary philosophy. and in others by alternative modes of philosophizing. The horizons also appear in areas as diverse as epistemology and the philosophy of science. . philosophical psychology. and aesthetics. Furthermore. these limits are set by the relationships between philosophy and other disciplines such as psychology. communication theory. and the arts. Nevertheless the volume is organized around each of the three major figures in the phenomenological core of continental philosophy. The twelve essays provide important investigations into current research -- they represent the range and skills of contemporary work in relation to Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau-Ponty. In themselves however they indicate advances in philosophical research and are hardly simple commentaries on these three figures. Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau-Ponty constitute texts on the basis of which phenomenology is taken to its limits -- and even beyond. The themes that are given prominence here indicate some of the variety of current concerns in continental philosophy -• particularly as practiced in North America. They include the status of the individual or the subject. the nature of the world. and the place of art and method. The reader of this volume will find probing assessments of issues in philo• sophical psychology. metaphysics. philosophy of science. Introduction xv

philosophy of art and aesthetics. and philosophical method. The readings of Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau-Ponty are also augmented by comparisons with Saint Thomas and Sir Karl Popper on the one hand. and with Derrida and Lacan on the other. The essays by Huertas-Jourda. Mensch. Gendlin. and Wurzer explore the nature of the individual and the way we experi• ence the world. Mensch demonstrates an essentialistic account of human existence. while Wurzer shows how such an account needs to be superceded to where the self is transferred and transposed in . Haney and Lanigan move the investigation into the intersubjective context in which communication is made philosophically possible -- on the one hand by establishing its transcendental conditions and on the other by the practice of communicative inter• action. This context is conditioned by a world as described by Langsdorf and Reeder in which such relations can take place. Mazis shows that through memory. the experienced world is given depth and dimension. demonstrating that even memory is a manifestation of our being-in-the-world. Caputo and Fati take up the of the task of philosophy while Silverman and Weiss indicate the status that text and art must acquire within the context of these newer ways of thinking about philosophy. The differences between hermeneutics on the one hand and deconstruction on the other are made evident by Caputo and Silverman -- the task being one of clarifying the status of textuality. Weiss and Fati then put to work a reading of art and philosophy that the Heideggerian and Merleau-Pontean enterprises have themselves made possible but not developed fully in their own time. Although the essays in this volume attempt to present accurately the positions of Husserl. Heidegger. and Merleau• Ponty. they are also committed to the advancement of those philosophical efforts per see In this respect. the studies offered here bring the phenomenological tradition into line with more recent developments in continental philosophy in a xvi Introduction variety of directions. including hermeneutics. post• structuralism. and deconstruction. The volume can thus be regarded as an updating and mise au pOint of three of the major contributions to twentieth century philosophy. Something needs to be said about the provenence of these essays as well. Not only do the twelve essays represent some of the most solid writing in the foundations of continental thought in North America. not only do they return to the philosophical horizons of phenomenology -- the focus and frame of Husserlian. Heideggerian. and Merleau-Pontean thought. but they were also produced for and in the context of very specific frameworks. The present volume is successor to CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY IN AMERICA. edited by Silverman. Sallis. and Seebohm and published by Duquesne University Press in 1983. Once again. each set of four essays was selected from the proceedings of recent annual conferences of the philosophical groups known as the Circles (Husserl Circle. Heidegger Conference. and Merleau-Ponty Circle). Papers were selected by a Publications Committee for each of the three Circles and then brought together and organized into the present volume. Each section here follows from more traditional topics to the implications of the 's work for contemporary thought. This volume results from the efforts of many individuals. The volume editors Algis Mickunas. Al Lingis. and Ted Kisiel put considerable time into corresponding with the other members of their respective publications committees. Each committee had to undertake a careful review of all the papers that were made available for consideration. To select only four from the many that were offered was no easy task. They sought to select those which in their eyes were the most effective. well-constructed. and representative of current research in the field. They elected to chose essays both by well-known and by younger scholars -- in effect according to the high quality of the contribution itself. Each committee had many more papers to chose from than they could accept for publication. And even then almost all of Introduction xvii the papers were revised in accordance with committee suggestions. Serving with Al lingis and Algis Mickunas for the Merleau• Ponty Circle I am well aware of the diligence and care with which these papers were read. As Secretary-General for the Husserl Circle. Al Mickunas also took on the responsibility of putting together the final Husserl contribution as did Ted Kisiel with the help of John Sallis for the Heidegger Conference. Stephen Watson joined the Merleau-Ponty Circle Publications Committee after the selections were already made. However. he has been instrumental in helping to see this volume through to final publication. Without his contribution. the effort might not have been as swift as it has been. The Philosophy Department at the State U~iversity of New York at Stony Brook has made it possible for J Barry to work with me to bring the book to final fruition. His generosity and valuable assistance go far beyond the of coordination at which he has become expert. I am especially grateful to him for his diligence and expertise. Elizabeth McNabb helped check proof copy in the penultimate stages and James Hatley not only produced the Index but also made sure that the volume is technically as flawless as possible. To whatever extent this volume opens up horizons for its inquiring readers. for those scholars and students who can make use of its contents. for the members of the three Circles whose continued efforts have made creative dialogue and serious communication of this sort possible. and for those who wish to philosophize along these lines. the horizons of continental philosophy itself will have been broadened and enhanced.

Wien. Austria 22 July 1987