Responsibility to Protect Bibliography David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies
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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Accord
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE MIN(86)/INF/3 ACCORD GENERAL SUR LES TARIFS DOUANIERS ET LE COMMERCE 17 September 1986 ACUERDO GENERAL SOBRE ARANCELES ADUANEROS Y COMERCIO Limited Distribution CONTRACTING PARTIES PARTIES CONTRACTANTES PARTES CONTRATANTIS Session at Ministerial Session à l'échelon Periodo de sesiones a nivel Level ministériel ministerial 15-19 September 1986 15-19 septembre 1986 15-19 setiembre 1986 LIST OF REPRESENTATIVES LISTE DES REPRESENTANTS LISTA DE REPRESENTANTES Chairman: S.E. Sr. Enrique Iglesias Président; Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores Présidente; de la Republica Oriental del Uruguay ARGENTINA Représentantes Lie. Dante Caputo Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto » Dr. Juan V. Sourrouille Ministro de Economia Dr. Roberto Lavagna Secretario de Industria y Comercio Exterior Ing. Lucio Reca Secretario de Agricultura, Ganaderïa y Pesca Dr. Bernardo Grinspun Secretario de Planificaciôn Dr. Adolfo Canitrot Secretario de Coordinaciôn Econômica 86-1560 MIN(86)/INF/3 Page 2 ARGENTINA (cont) Représentantes (cont) S.E. Sr. Jorge Romero Embajador Subsecretario de Relaciones Internacionales Econômicas Lie. Guillermo Campbell Subsecretario de Intercambio Comercial Dr. Marcelo Kiguel Vicepresidente del Banco Central de la Republica Argentina S.E. Leopoldo Tettamanti Embaj ador Représentante Permanante ante la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra S.E. Carlos H. Perette Embajador Représentante Permanente de la Republica Argentina ante la Republica Oriental del Uruguay S.E. Ricardo Campero Embaj ador Représentante Permanente de la Republica Argentina ante la ALADI Sr. Pablo Quiroga Secretario Ejecutivo del Comité de Politicas de Exportaciones Dr. Jorge Cort Présidente de la Junta Nacional de Granos Sr. Emilio Ramôn Pardo Ministro Plenipotenciario Director de Relaciones Econômicas Multilatérales del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto Sr. -
Deterring Wartime Atrocities Deterring Wartime Jacqueline R
Deterring Wartime Atrocities Deterring Wartime Jacqueline R. Atrocities McAllister Hard Lessons from the Yugoslav Tribunal How can the interna- tional community deter government and rebel forces from committing atroc- ities against civilians? Long after liberated Nazi concentration camp survivors held up the ªrst sign declaring, “Never Again!” civilians have faced genocide during civil wars around the world, from Bangladesh to the former Yugoslavia, and more recently in northern Iraq. Sexual violence, torture, and forced dis- appearances are among the other horrors that civilians continue to endure in wartime. In the 1990s, international ofªcials sought to respond to such suffering by es- tablishing a new generation of wartime international criminal tribunals (ICTs), starting with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in 1993. The ICTY paved the way for the establishment of the perma- nent International Criminal Court (ICC) ªve years later. Unlike earlier ICTs in Nuremberg and Tokyo, as well as more recent war crimes tribunals in Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Cambodia, East Timor, Lebanon, Bosnia, and Kosovo, the ICTY and the ICC are mandated to prosecute international criminal law violations committed in the context of active armed conºicts. In granting the ICTY and the ICC such authority, their founders hoped that the tribu- nals would deter combatants in those conºicts from perpetrating violence against civilians.1 Nevertheless, more than twenty-ªve years after the ICTY opened its doors, international justice scholars continue to debate the role of wartime tribunals in deterring atrocities against civilians, particularly in ongoing conºicts. Skep- tics contend that, in the heat of battle, combatants are unlikely to perceive a Jacqueline R. -
La France Après Charlie : Quelques Questions Sensibles, Parmi D'autres, À Mettre En Débat
La France après Charlie : quelques questions sensibles, parmi d’autres, à mettre en débat (Jean-Claude SOMMAIRE 23 03 2015) Une onde de choc de forte amplitude Les tueries de ce début d’année, à Charlie Hebdo et à l’Hyper Cacher de la Porte de Vincennes, ont produit une onde de choc de très forte amplitude sur l’opinion publique de notre pays. On a pu en mesurer l’effet, dès le week-end suivant, quand des marches républicaines, d’une ampleur inattendue, se sont déroulé un peu partout en France, à Paris comme en province. La force de ce séisme, sur nos compatriotes, peut s’expliquer par la conjonction d’un ensemble d’évènements exceptionnels : l’exécution à la kalachnikov, sur leur lieu de travail, d’une équipe de journalistes et de dessinateurs en raison de leur impertinence à l’égard de l’islam, la prise en otage et l’assassinat de clients d’un magasin cacher au seul motif qu’ils étaient juifs, l’achèvement, à terre, d’un policier blessé d’origine maghrébine, etc. Cependant, pour beaucoup d’entre nous, l’élément le plus déstabilisant de ces journées tragiques aura été que ces meurtriers fanatiques ne venaient pas d’une contrée lointaine, où la sauvagerie règne de façon habituelle. Les frères Kouachi et Amedy Coulibaly, nés et scolarisés en France, vivaient près de chez nous, ils étaient nos compatriotes et nos voisins. Comme on avait commencé à le pressentir avec Mohamed Merah, ce trio sanguinaire nous a démontré que l’école laïque, les dispositifs sociaux de l’Etat providence, et les valeurs de la République, ne faisaient pas obstacle au développement de la barbarie islamiste dans nos banlieues. -
The Case for the Prosecution of Apartheid Criminals in Canada
THE CASE FOR THE PROSECUTION OF APARTHEID CRIMINALS IN CANADA MUNYONZWE HAMALENGWA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN LAW YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONT ARIO MAY2013 © MUNYONZWE HAMALENGWA, 2013 ABSTRACT Given what happened in South Africa in support of apartheid, this dissertation explores the various approaches to justice that have been, and might be employed to deal with the enormity of the crimes committed. The notion of universal jurisdiction is explored as a way of expanding the discussion to include not just actions to be taken in South Africa but also possible action that could be taken by other countries. The dissertation looks at what was done and not done, particularly by the United Nations and Canada during the apartheid era and after and as well in South Africa after the ending of apartheid. In this context it discusses the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, its structure, actions and shortcomings. It looks at the United Nations efforts, analyzing the genesis and import of the various declarations, principles and conventions that deal with either crimes against humanity in general and apartheid related crimes in particular. In this context, it also looks at the various war crimes/crimes against humanity trials that have been or are in progress. Finally, it looks at Canada as a case study. The focus is Canada's various responses to crimes against humanity. The dissertation discusses not only what Canada has done and not done, but what it could and might do. -
Program & Participants List
Bringing people together to accelerate growth and well-being in emerging markets Program and Participants List INAUGURAL MEETING OF AFRICA EMERGING MARKETS FORUM SEPTEMBER 30 - OCTOBER 1, 2007 GERZENSEE, SWITZERLAND Growth and Development in Emerging Market Countries THEEMERGINGMARKETSFORUM INAUGURAL MEETING AFRICA EMERGING MARKETS FORUM GERZENSEE, SWITZERLAND SEPTEMBER 30 - OCTOBER 1, 2007 CONTENTS WELCOME ................................................................................... 3 PROGRAM ................................................................................... 4 BACKGROUND PAPER ................................................................ 5 PROPOSED STEERING COMMITTEE FOR AFRICA ................ 11 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ........................................................... 12 PARTICIPANTS’ PROFILE ......................................................... 14 HELPFUL INFORMATION ......................................................... 43 THEEMERGINGMARKETSFORUM 2 AFRICA EMERGING MARKETS FORUM THEEMERGINGMARKETSFORUM WELCOME September, 20, 2007 All of us at the Emerging Markets Forum are delighted that you are joining us in Gerzensee at the Inaugural Meeting of the Emerging Markets Forum for Africa. I thank you in advance for your participation and valuable contribution. After our Global Meetings in Oxford in 2005 and in Jakarta 2006, this new initiative on Africa will allow us to look deeper into the economic and social challenges facing the African continent, and also reinforce the Forum’s role as a bridge -
Yale University Library Digital Repository Contact Information
Yale University Library Digital Repository Collection Name: Henry A. Kissinger papers, part II Series Title: Series III. Post-Government Career Box: 723 Folder: 9 Folder Title: Interview about François Mitterrand, Nouvel Observateur, May 24, 1995 Persistent URL: http://yul-fi-prd1.library.yale.internal/catalog/digcoll:558814 Repository: Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library Contact Information Phone: (203) 432-1735 Email: [email protected] Mail: Manuscripts and Archives Sterling Memorial Library Sterling Memorial Library P.O. Box 208240 New Haven, CT 06520 Your use of Yale University Library Digital Repository indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use http://guides.library.yale.edu/about/policies/copyright Find additional works at: http://yul-fi-prd1.library.yale.internal GLe-3 MAX ARMANET ReDACTEUR EN CHEF Olifervateur 10-12. PLACE DE LA BOURSE TEL (1) 44.88.34.1 2 78081 PARIS CEDEX 02 FAX (1) 44.08.37.82 te ritatetitl 4 MITTI Eiri"_Ih A N D 50 pages de témoignages pour l'Histoire Robert Badinter Tahar Ben Jelloun George Bush Jean Daniel Jacques Delors Françoise Girond MikhaY1 Gorbatchev Jacques Julliani Henry Kissinger Jean Lacouture Emmanuel I,e Roy Ladurie Pierre Mauroy Jean d'Ormesson Shimon Peres Claude Roy Mario Soares Philippe Sollers Alain Muraine Michel Tournier M 2228- 1593- 20,00 F 2000 CFA ZONE N i593 DU 18 AU 24 MAI 1995 120 FB 510 ES. AILE 8 DM CAN $ 4.2s.430 PTAS 8000 LIN RCI SUAI 2000 CFA CFA 2000 MAROC 22 DU TUNIS 1,8 DTU ANTIL L ES NEUN 22,50 I ()SA NY 3 98 09 E 220 vat vals [rD [atm [go Mon jugement sur la Pyramide avait évolué comme mon sentiment à son égard :je n'aimais pas l'idée au départ maisj'ai été séduit par son exécution Par Henry e Nouvel Observateur. -
'Yes': Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Un Security Council
P. Plenta & A. Smaka SAY 125 TIMES ‘YES’: BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA IN THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL Peter Plenta International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Ajla Smaka Independent Researcher, Bosnia and Herzegovina Abstract Membership in the Security Council was one of the greatest achievements for Bosnia and Herzegovina after gaining the independence. Serving as a non-permanent member for the period of 2010 and 2011, it faced challenges mostly related to its capacity building and decision-making process in foreign policy. During this two-year period, the Council adopted 125 resolutions and two resolutions suffered veto, both regarding Middle East. Bosnia and Herzegovina had an affirmative stand in regards to all resolutions discussed. However, it faced difficulties forming a stand towards questions of Kosovo and Palestine. The attitude and voting behavior of Bosnia and Herzegovina was not influenced by other states nor the relationship between them, but by internal issues. Our article provides analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of particular topics, such as the independence of Kosovo, Iran’s nuclear DOI: 10.21533/epiphany.v9i1.194 program, situation in Libya, Palestine and situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina itself discussed in the Security Council in 2010 and 2011, with the explanation of the attitudes of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Keywords: The Security Council; Resolutions; Voting; Bosnia and Herzegovina Introduction When Bosnia and Herzegovina was elected as a non-permanent member of the Security Council in the period of 2010 and 2011, many questions and controversies were raised. For some it was a surprise, for some a disappointment and others were proud. The ability of Bosnia and Herzegovina to cope with all challenges and tasks which this membership brings, was questionable as for ‘locals’, so for ‘foreigners’. -
H-Diplo Roundtable, Vol
2014 H-Diplo Roundtable Editors: Thomas Maddux and Diane Labrosse H-Diplo Roundtable Review Roundtable and Web Production Editor: George Fujii h-diplo.org/roundtables Volume XVI, No. 12 (2014) 8 December 2014 Introduction by Erik Voeten David Bosco. Rough Justice: The International Criminal Court in a World of Power Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. ISBN: 9780199844135 (hardcover, $29.95). URL: http://www.tiny.cc/Roundtable-XVI-12 or http://h-diplo.org/roundtables/PDF/Roundtable-XVI-12.pdf Contents Introduction by Erik Voeten, Georgetown University .............................................................. 2 Review by Kevin Jon Heller, SOAS, University of London ......................................................... 5 Review by David Kaye, University of California, Irvine, School of Law ................................... 10 Review by Samuel Moyn, Columbia University ...................................................................... 14 Author’s Response by David Bosco, American University School of International Service ... 17 © 2014 H-Net: Humanities and Social Sciences Online This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. H-Diplo Roundtable Reviews, Vol. XVI, No. 12 (2014) Introduction by Erik Voeten, Georgetown University he International Criminal Court (ICC) was founded on the principle that perpetrators of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide should be prosecuted T regardless of their nationality, ethnicity or political affiliation. Yet, the ICC must also operate in an international legal and political system that makes the implementation of these desiderata far from straightforward. Voluntarism remains a key principle in international law. States can escape the ICC’s reach (to an extent) by not ratifying the Rome Treaty. Powerful states have both the ability and will to influence the Court’s proceedings. -
2019 Fall Florida International University Commencement
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Commencement Programs Special Collections and University Archives Fall 2019 2019 Fall Florida International University Commencement Florida International University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/commencement_programs Recommended Citation Florida International University, "2019 Fall Florida International University Commencement" (2019). FIU Commencement Programs. 2. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/commencement_programs/2 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections and University Archives at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Commencement Programs by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Florida International University Ocean Bank Convocation Center CommencementModesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, Florida Saturday, December 14, 2019 Sunday, December 15, 2019 Monday, December 16, 2019 Tuesday, December 17, 2019 Table of Contents Order of Commencement Ceremonies ........................................................................................................3 An Academic Tradition ..............................................................................................................................18 University Governance and Administration ...............................................................................................19 The Honors College ...................................................................................................................................22 -
The Realist Limits of Stigmatizing War Criminals Through International Prosecution
When Justice Leads, Does Politics Follow? The Realist Limits of Stigmatizing War Criminals through International Prosecution Kenneth A. Rodman Colby College Abstract Human rights advocates have called for ICC investigations in situations like Syria and North Korea regardless of the political strategies adopted by the international community toward those regimes. Part of the rationale for this advocacy is the presumed normative pull of international justice, which can stigmatize those targeted to both international and domestic audiences, leading to their marginalization and eventual loss of power. However, the indictments most closely associated with this argument – Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić (1995), Slobodan Milošević (1999), and Charles Taylor (2003) – are false positives since they correlated with a political commitment by powerful states to remove those actors from power independent of the judicial process. By contrast, when powerful third parties prefer to engage regimes whose leaders are subjected to criminal scrutiny – either because of shared interests or a diplomatic approach to conflict management – the stigmatizing impact of criminalization is limited as states ignore or reinterpret their international legal obligations. This is demonstrated by the lack of international support for the ICTR’s attempt to prosecute commanders of the Rwandan Patriotic Front and for the ICC’s investigations in Darfur and Kenya. The findings support a qualified realist view that the effectiveness of international criminal tribunals is dependent on the political strategies of powerful states. Introduction In 2014, the UN Security Council deliberated over referring the Syrian civil war to the International Criminal Court (ICC) and a UN Commission of Inquiry recommended it do the same for North Korea.1 While Russia and China vetoed the Syrian resolution – and would likely do the same for one on North Korea – the prospects for accountability in either case would appear to be dim even if referrals were authorized. -
Dialogue Between Peoples and Cultures in the Euro-Mediterranean Area
Report by the High-Level Advisory Group established at the initiative of the President of the European Commission Courtesy of Fondazione Laboratorio Mediterraneo* Dialogue Between Peoples and Cultures in the Euro-Mediterranean Area Co-Chairs of the Group: Assia Alaoui Bensalah Jean Daniel Members of the Group: Malek Chebel, Juan Diez Nicolas, Umberto Eco, Shmuel N. Eisenstadt, George Joffé, Ahmed Kamal Aboulmagd, Bichara Khader, Adnan Wafic Kassar, Pedrag Matvejevic, Rostane Mehdi, Fatima Mernissi, Tariq Ramadan, Faruk Sen, Faouzi Skali, Simone Susskind-Weinberger and Tullia Zevi This Report represents the opinion of the High-Level Advisory Group only and does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. * The orientation of this map corresponds to the world view of the Arab cartographers of the Middle Ages. Brussels, October 2003 Version DEF Report by the High-Level Advisory Group EXECUTIVE SUMMARY It is difficult to consider the Mediterranean as a coherent whole without taking account of the fractures which divide it, the conflicts which are tearing it apart: Palestine-Israel, Lebanon, Cyprus, the western Balkans, Greece-Turkey, Algeria; incidents with their roots in other, more distant wars such as those in Afghanistan or Iraq, and so on. The Mediterranean is made up of a number of sub-units which challenge or refute unifying ideas. Conflict, however, is not inevitable; it is not its predestined fate. It is this that convinced Romano Prodi, the President of the European Commission, to set up a High- Level Advisory Group. The group set its work on the dialogue between peoples and cultures in the broader context of economic globalisation, enlargement of the European Union, the permanent presence on its soil of communities of immigrant origin, and the questions about identity which these changes are throwing up on both shores of the Mediterranean. -
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eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the tropics Repurposing, Recycling, Revisioning: Pacific Arts and the (Post)colonial Jean Anderson https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3280-3225 Te Herenga Waka - Victoria University of Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand Abstract Taking a broad approach to the concept of recycling, I refer to a range of works, from sculpture to film, street art and poetry, which depict issues of importance to Indigenous peoples faced with the (after) effects of colonisation. Does the use of repurposed materials and/or the knowledge that these objects are the work of Indigenous creators change the way we respond to these works, and if so, how? Keywords: Pacific artists, food colonisation, reappropriation, speaking back, culture eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the tropics publishes new research from arts, humanities, social sciences and allied fields on the variety and interrelatedness of nature, culture, and society in the tropics. Published by James Cook University, a leading research institution on critical issues facing the worlds’ Tropics. Free open access, Scopus, Google Scholar, DOAJ, Crossref, Ulrich's, SHERPA/RoMEO, Pandora, ISSN 1448-2940. Creative Commons CC BY 4.0. Articles are free to download, save and reproduce. Citation: to cite this article include Author(s), title, eTropic, volume, issue, year, pages and DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.19.1.2020.3733 eTropic 19.1 (2020) Special Issue: ‘Environmental Artistic Practices and Indigeneity’ 186 Introduction his study takes a broad view of recycling, looking at examples from a range of forms of artistic expression, to explore ways in which Indigenous artists in the T Pacific make use of repurposed materials to criticise some of the profoundly unsettling – and enduring – effects of colonisation.